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Cui Y, Ji X, Yu W, Liu Y, Bai Q, Su S. Genome-Wide Characterization and Functional Validation of the ACS Gene Family in the Chestnut Reveals Its Regulatory Role in Ovule Development. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4454. [PMID: 38674037 PMCID: PMC11049808 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Ovule abortion significantly contributes to a reduction in chestnut yield. Therefore, an examination of the mechanisms underlying ovule abortion is crucial for increasing chestnut yield. In our previous study, we conducted a comprehensive multiomic analysis of fertile and abortive ovules and found that ACS genes in chestnuts (CmACS) play a crucial role in ovule development. Therefore, to further study the function of ACS genes, a total of seven CmACS members were identified, their gene structures, conserved structural domains, evolutionary trees, chromosomal localization, and promoter cis-acting elements were analyzed, and their subcellular localization was predicted and verified. The spatiotemporal specificity of the expression of the seven CmACS genes was confirmed via qRT-PCR analysis. Notably, CmACS7 was exclusively expressed in the floral organs, and its expression peaked during fertilization and decreased after fertilization. The ACC levels remained consistently greater in fertile ovules than in abortive ovules. The ACSase activity of CmACS7 was identified using the genetic transformation of chestnut healing tissue. Micro Solanum lycopersicum plants overexpressing CmACS7 had a significantly greater rate of seed failure than did wild-type plants. Our results suggest that ovule fertilization activates CmACS7 and increases ACC levels, whereas an overexpression of CmACS7 leads to an increase in ACC content in the ovule prior to fertilization, which can lead to abortion. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that chestnut ovule abortion is caused by poor fertilization and not by nutritional competition. Optimization of the pollination and fertilization of female flowers is essential for increasing chestnut yield and reducing ovule abortion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhong Cui
- College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (Y.C.); (X.J.); (W.Y.); (Y.L.)
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xingzhou Ji
- College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (Y.C.); (X.J.); (W.Y.); (Y.L.)
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Wenjie Yu
- College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (Y.C.); (X.J.); (W.Y.); (Y.L.)
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, Beijing 100083, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Yang Liu
- College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (Y.C.); (X.J.); (W.Y.); (Y.L.)
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, Beijing 100083, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Qian Bai
- College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (Y.C.); (X.J.); (W.Y.); (Y.L.)
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Shuchai Su
- College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (Y.C.); (X.J.); (W.Y.); (Y.L.)
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, Beijing 100083, China
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Liu Y, Sun H, Ye R, Du J, Zhang H, Zhou A, Qiao K, Wang J. Potential candidate genes and pathways related to cytoplasmic male sterility in Dianthus spiculifolius as revealed by transcriptome analysis. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2023; 42:1503-1516. [PMID: 37452219 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-023-03045-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE We introduced the candidate gene DsHSP70 into Arabidopsis thaliana, resulting in male gametophyte sterility and abnormal degeneration of sepals and petals. Cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) is a useful tool for hybrid production. However, the regulatory mechanism of CMS in Dianthus spiculifolius remains unclear. In this study, we investigated whether male-sterile line of D. spiculifolius has a malformed tapetum and fails to produce normal fertile pollen. RNA sequencing technology was used to compare the gene expression patterns of the D. spiculifolius male-sterile line and its male fertility maintainer line during anther development. A total of 12,365 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, among which 1765 were commonly expressed in the S1, S2 and S3 stages. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses indicated that these DEGs were mainly involved in oxidation-reduction processes, signal transduction and programmed cell death. Additionally, weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA) showed that three modules may be related to male sterility. A putative regulatory pathway for the male sterility traits was constructed based on the reproductive development network. After introducing the candidate DsHSP70 gene into Arabidopsis thaliana, we found that overexpressing plants showed anther abortion and shorter filaments, and accompanied by abnormal degeneration of sepals and petals. In summary, our results identified potential candidate genes and pathways related to CMS in D. spiculifolius, providing new insights for further research on the mechanism of male sterility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingzhu Liu
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Han Sun
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Rong Ye
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Jinxue Du
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Haizhen Zhang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Aimin Zhou
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Kun Qiao
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Jingang Wang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China.
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Singh J, van der Knaap E. Unintended Consequences of Plant Domestication. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 63:1573-1583. [PMID: 35715986 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcac083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Human selection on wild populations mostly favored a common set of plant traits during domestication. This process of direct selection also altered other independent traits that were not directly perceived or desired during crop domestication and improvement. A deeper knowledge of the inadvertent and undesirable phenotypic effects and their underlying genetic causes can help design strategies to mitigate their effects and improve genetic gain in crop plants. We review different factors explaining the negative consequences of plant domestication at the phenotypic and genomic levels. We further describe the genetic causes of undesirable effects that originate from the selection of favorable alleles during plant domestication. In addition, we propose strategies that could be useful in attenuating such effects for crop improvement. With novel -omics and genome-editing tools, it is relatively approachable to understand and manipulate the genetic and biochemical mechanisms responsible for the undesirable phenotypes in domesticated plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jugpreet Singh
- Center for Applied Genetic Technologies, 111 Riverbend Road, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Esther van der Knaap
- Center for Applied Genetic Technologies, 111 Riverbend Road, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
- Institute for Plant Breeding, Genetics and Genomics, 111 Riverbend Road, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
- Department of Horticulture, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
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Mahmoud A, Qi R, Zhao H, Yang H, Liao N, Ali A, Malangisha GK, Ma Y, Zhang K, Zhou Y, Xia Y, Lyu X, Yang J, Zhang M, Hu Z. An allelic variant in the ACS7 gene promotes primary root growth in watermelon. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2022; 135:3357-3373. [PMID: 35980402 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-022-04173-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Gene mining in a C. lanatus × C. amarus population revealed one gene, ACS7, linked to primary root elongation in watermelon. Watermelon is a xerophytic crop characterized by a long primary root and robust lateral roots. Therefore, watermelon serves as an excellent model for studying root elongation and development. However, the genetic mechanism underlying the primary root elongation in watermelon remains unknown. Herein, through bulk segregant analysis we identified a genetic locus, qPRL.Chr03, controlling primary root length (PRL) using two different watermelon species (Citrullus lanatus and Citrullus amarus) that differ in their root architecture. Fine mapping revealed that xaa-Pro dipeptidase and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase 7 (ACS7) are candidate regulators of the primary root growth. Allelic variation in the delimited region among 193 watermelon accessions indicated that the long-root alleles might only exist in C. amarus. Interestingly, the discrepancy in PRL among the C. amarus accessions was clearly associated with a nonsynonymous single nucleotide polymorphism variant within the ACS7 gene. The ACS7 expression and ethylene levels in the primary root tips suggested that ethylene is a negative regulator of root elongation in watermelon, as supported by the application of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC, the ethylene precursor) or 2-aminoethoxyvinyl glycine (AVG, an ACS inhibitor). To the best of our knowledge, these findings provide the first description of the genetic basis of root elongation in watermelon. The detected markers of the ACS7 gene will facilitate marker-assisted selection for the PRL trait to improve water and nutrient use efficacy in watermelon and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Mahmoud
- Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, Institute of Vegetable Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Agriculture Research Center, Horticulture Research Institute, 9 Gmaa St, Giza, 12619, Egypt
| | - Rui Qi
- Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Yazhou District, Sanya, 572025, People's Republic of China
| | - Haoshun Zhao
- Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, Institute of Vegetable Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiyang Yang
- Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, Institute of Vegetable Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Nanqiao Liao
- Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, Institute of Vegetable Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Abid Ali
- Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, Institute of Vegetable Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Guy Kateta Malangisha
- Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, Institute of Vegetable Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuyuan Ma
- Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, Institute of Vegetable Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Kejia Zhang
- Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, Institute of Vegetable Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yimei Zhou
- Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, Institute of Vegetable Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuelin Xia
- Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, Institute of Vegetable Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaolong Lyu
- Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, Institute of Vegetable Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinghua Yang
- Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, Institute of Vegetable Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Yazhou District, Sanya, 572025, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development & Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingfang Zhang
- Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, Institute of Vegetable Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
- Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Yazhou District, Sanya, 572025, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development & Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhongyuan Hu
- Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, Institute of Vegetable Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
- Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Yazhou District, Sanya, 572025, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development & Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
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Aguado E, García A, Iglesias-Moya J, Romero J, Wehner TC, Gómez-Guillamón ML, Picó B, Garcés-Claver A, Martínez C, Jamilena M. Mapping a Partial Andromonoecy Locus in Citrullus lanatus Using BSA-Seq and GWAS Approaches. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:1243. [PMID: 32973825 PMCID: PMC7466658 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.01243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The sexual expression of watermelon plants is the result of the distribution and occurrence of male, female, bisexual and hermaphrodite flowers on the main and secondary stems. Plants can be monoecious (producing male and female flowers), andromonoecious (producing male and hermaphrodite flowers), or partially andromonoecious (producing male, female, bisexual, and hermaphrodite flowers) within the same plant. Sex determination of individual floral buds and the distribution of the different flower types on the plant, are both controlled by ethylene. A single missense mutation in the ethylene biosynthesis gene CitACS4, is able to promote the conversion of female into hermaphrodite flowers, and therefore of monoecy (genotype MM) into partial andromonoecy (genotype Mm) or andromonoecy (genotype mm). We phenotyped and genotyped, for the M/m locus, a panel of 207 C. lanatus accessions, including five inbreds and hybrids, and found several accessions that were repeatedly phenotyped as PA (partially andromonoecious) in several locations and different years, despite being MM. A cosegregation analysis between a SNV in CitACS4 and the PA phenotype, demonstrated that the occurrence of bisexual and hermaphrodite flowers in a PA line is not dependent on CitACS4, but conferred by an unlinked recessive gene which we called pa. Two different approaches were performed to map the pa gene in the genome of C. lanatus: bulk segregant analysis sequencing (BSA-seq) and genome wide association analysis studies (GWAS). The BSA-seq study was performed using two contrasting bulks, the monoecious M-bulk and the partially andromonoecious PA-bulk, each one generated by pooling DNA from 20 F2 plants. For GWAS, 122 accessions from USDA gene bank, already re-sequenced by genotyping by sequencing (GBS), were used. The combination of the two approaches indicates that pa maps onto a genomic region expanding across 32.24-36.44 Mb in chromosome 1 of watermelon. Fine mapping narrowed down the pa locus to a 867 Kb genomic region containing 101 genes. A number of candidate genes were selected, not only for their function in ethylene biosynthesis and signalling as well as their role in flower development and sex determination, but also by the impact of the SNPs and indels differentially detected in the two sequenced bulks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Encarnación Aguado
- Department of Biology and Geology, Research Centers CIAIMBITAL and CeiA3, University of Almería, Almería, Spain
| | - Alicia García
- Department of Biology and Geology, Research Centers CIAIMBITAL and CeiA3, University of Almería, Almería, Spain
| | - Jessica Iglesias-Moya
- Department of Biology and Geology, Research Centers CIAIMBITAL and CeiA3, University of Almería, Almería, Spain
| | - Jonathan Romero
- Department of Biology and Geology, Research Centers CIAIMBITAL and CeiA3, University of Almería, Almería, Spain
| | - Todd C. Wehner
- Departament of Horticultural Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | | | - Belén Picó
- COMAV—Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Cecilia Martínez
- Department of Biology and Geology, Research Centers CIAIMBITAL and CeiA3, University of Almería, Almería, Spain
- *Correspondence: Cecilia Martínez, ; Manuel Jamilena,
| | - Manuel Jamilena
- Department of Biology and Geology, Research Centers CIAIMBITAL and CeiA3, University of Almería, Almería, Spain
- *Correspondence: Cecilia Martínez, ; Manuel Jamilena,
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Pan Y, Wang Y, McGregor C, Liu S, Luan F, Gao M, Weng Y. Genetic architecture of fruit size and shape variation in cucurbits: a comparative perspective. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2020; 133:1-21. [PMID: 31768603 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-019-03481-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The Cucurbitaceae family hosts many economically important fruit vegetables (cucurbits) such as cucumber, melon, watermelon, pumpkin/squash, and various gourds. The cucurbits are probably best known for the diverse fruit sizes and shapes, but little is known about their genetic basis and molecular regulation. Here, we reviewed the literature on fruit size (FS), shape (FSI), and fruit weight (FW) QTL identified in cucumber, melon, and watermelon, from which 150 consensus QTL for these traits were inferred. Genome-wide survey of the three cucurbit genomes identified 253 homologs of eight classes of fruit or grain size/weight-related genes cloned in Arabidopsis, tomato, and rice that encode proteins containing the characteristic CNR (cell number regulator), CSR (cell size regulator), CYP78A (cytochrome P450), SUN, OVATE, TRM (TONNEAU1 Recruiting Motif), YABBY, and WOX domains. Alignment of the consensus QTL with candidate gene homologs revealed widespread structure and function conservation of fruit size/shape gene homologs in cucurbits, which was exemplified with the fruit size/shape candidate genes CsSUN25-26-27a and CsTRM5 in cucumber, CmOFP1a in melon, and ClSUN25-26-27a in watermelon. In cucurbits, the andromonoecy (for 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase) and the carpel number (for CLAVATA3) loci are known to have pleiotropic effects on fruit shape, which may complicate identification of fruit size/shape candidate genes in these regions. The present work illustrates the power of comparative analysis in understanding the genetic architecture of fruit size/shape variation, which may facilitate QTL mapping and cloning for fruit size-related traits in cucurbits. The limitations and perspectives of this approach are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yupeng Pan
- Department of Horticulture, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yuhui Wang
- Department of Horticulture, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Cecilia McGregor
- Department of Horticulture and Institute of Plant Breeding, Genetics and Genomics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Shi Liu
- College of Horticulture and, Landscape Architecture at Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Feishi Luan
- College of Horticulture and, Landscape Architecture at Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Meiling Gao
- College of Life Science, Agriculture and Forestry, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar, 161006, China
| | - Yiqun Weng
- Department of Horticulture, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA.
- USDA-ARS Vegetable Crops Research Unit, 1575 Linden Dr., Madison, WI, 53706, USA.
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Li D, Sheng Y, Niu H, Li Z. Gene Interactions Regulating Sex Determination in Cucurbits. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:1231. [PMID: 31649699 PMCID: PMC6796545 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The family Cucurbitaceae includes many economically important crops, such as cucumber (Cucumis sativus), melon (Cucumis melo), watermelon (Citrullus lanatus), and zucchini (Cucurbita pepo), which share homologous gene pathways that control similar phenotypes. Sex determination is a research hotspot associated with yield and quality, and the genes involved are highly orthologous and conserved in cucurbits. In the field, six normal sex types have been categorized according to the distribution of female, male, or bisexual flowers in a given plant. To date, five orthologous genes involved in sex determination have been cloned, and their various combinations and expression patterns can explain all the identified sex types. In addition to genetic mechanisms, ethylene controls sex expression in this family. Two ethylene signaling components have been identified recently, which will help us to explore the ethylene signaling-mediated interactions among sex-related genes. This review discusses recent advances relating to the mechanism of sex determination in cucurbits and the prospects for research in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Li
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Heilongjiang Bayi Agriculture University, Daqing, China
| | - Yunyan Sheng
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Heilongjiang Bayi Agriculture University, Daqing, China
| | - Huanhuan Niu
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Zheng Li
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
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