1
|
Shafiee A, Nakhaee Z, Bahri RA, Amini MJ, Salehi A, Jafarabady K, Seighali N, Rashidian P, Fathi H, Esmaeilpur Abianeh F, Omran SP, Bakhtiyari M, Alirezaei A. Global prevalence of obesity and overweight among medical students: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:1673. [PMID: 38915047 PMCID: PMC11194880 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-19184-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is a global health concern, and understanding its prevalence among medical students is crucial for shaping targeted interventions. This systematic review and meta-analysis aim to comprehensively assess the prevalence of obesity and overweight among medical students. METHODS A systematic literature search was conducted across major databases, including PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, in order to identify relevant studies that evaluated obesity and overweight among medical students. Inclusion criteria encompassed published and peer-reviewed studies reporting the prevalence of obesity among medical students. RESULTS A total of 1245 studies were screened based on their titles and abstracts, and 99 studies comprised a total sample size of 47,455 medical students across diverse geographical regions were included in this study. The overall pooled prevalence of overweight among medical students was estimated at 18% (95% CI: 17%-20%), with obesity at 9% (95% CI: 7%-11%). The combined prevalence of excess weight (overweight and obesity) was calculated to be 24% (95% CI: 22%-27%). Meta-regression results indicated a significant correlation between study year and overweight/obesity prevalence (p < 0.05), with a trend towards increasing prevalence over time. Male medical students exhibited a higher pooled prevalence, increasing with the percentage of male participants. CONCLUSION This systematic review and meta-analysis provide a comprehensive overview of the prevalence of obesity among medical students globally. In summary, obesity and overweight present a substantial worldwide health concern, especially among susceptible groups such as medical students, whose prevalence is on the rise. It is crucial to grasp the extent and contributing factors of obesity among medical students to formulate precise interventions aimed at fostering healthier habits and alleviating the adverse impacts of obesity on both physical and mental health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arman Shafiee
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran.
| | - Zahra Nakhaee
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Javad Amini
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Salehi
- School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kyana Jafarabady
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Niloofar Seighali
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Pegah Rashidian
- School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Hanieh Fathi
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | | | | | - Mahmood Bakhtiyari
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran.
| | - Amirhesam Alirezaei
- School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ataya J, Soqia J, Alfawal M, Kara Tahhan N, Albani N, Hani Y. Awareness and knowledge of familial Mediterranean fever among medical scope students in Syrian universities: A cross-sectional study. SAGE Open Med 2023; 11:20503121231155996. [PMID: 36815136 PMCID: PMC9940211 DOI: 10.1177/20503121231155996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Familial Mediterranean fever is an autoinflammatory autosomal recessive disorder common among individuals of Mediterranean descent. It is characterized by recurrent episodes of fever accompanied by peritonitis, pleurisy, pericarditis, and/or arthritis, sometimes accompanied by an erysipelas-like rash. Mimicking manifestation of other inflammatory conditions and the diversity of symptoms leads to insufficient knowledge and understanding. General knowledge about this disease is considered low in most populations, but this bears greater consequences in people with high incidence rates. This study investigates the knowledge of familial Mediterranean fever among a group of medical students in public and private Syrian universities. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in May 2022, and an international standard-based electronic questionnaire was adopted. The study included 758 current undergraduate medical scope students from public and private universities in Syria. The survey used for this study included inquiries made to assess awareness using global standards. It was divided into 2 sections, with 7 questions focusing on sociodemographic characteristics and 17 questions assessing the students' understanding of Familial Mediterranean fever. Results Our analysis showed strong correlations between the knowledge of Familial Mediterranean fever and certain specialization, college, academic year, and marital status. The mean score of answers was 9.39 out of 17 for all participants. The mean score of answers for medical students was 10.01 out of 17, while it was 8.81 for pharmaceutical students and 6.51 for dental students. These differences were statistically significant, p-value <0.001. This means medical students know better than pharmaceutical students, who already have better knowledge than dental students. Conclusion We conclude that medical scope students' knowledge about the disease of Familial Mediterranean fever and its management is ineffective, especially among dental students, even in a country with high prevalence rates for Familial Mediterranean fever like Syria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jamal Ataya
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Aleppo, Aleppo, Syria,Jamal Ataya, University of Aleppo, Aleppo, Syria.
| | - Jameel Soqia
- Faculty of Medicine, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria
| | - Massa Alfawal
- Faculty of Medicine, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria
| | | | - Nour Albani
- Faculty of Medicine, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria
| | - Yahya Hani
- Department of Pediatric Medicine, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Baykal D, Kutlu L, Demir BD. The correlation between nursing students' healthy lifestyle behaviors, cardiovascular disease risk factors' knowledge level, and obsession symptoms. JOURNAL OF EDUCATION AND HEALTH PROMOTION 2022; 11:281. [PMID: 36325215 PMCID: PMC9621382 DOI: 10.4103/jehp.jehp_902_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nursing students have a role in the awareness of risk factors in the development of healthy lifestyle behaviors. Nursing students' awareness of disease risk factors plays a role in developing healthy lifestyle behaviors. Therefore, it was aimed to determine the relationship between the effect of nursing students' healthy lifestyle behaviors and cardiovascular disease risk factors' knowledge levels and obsessive-compulsive symptoms. MATERIALS AND METHODS This was a descriptive cross-sectional study. Two hundred and twenty-four students studying in the nursing departments of two foundation universities participated in the study between April and October 2020. Sociodemographic information form, Health Promoting Lifestyle Profile II (HPLP-II), Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors Knowledge Level (CARRF-KL), and Maudsley Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory (MOCI) were applied to the students. RESULTS It was found that the nursing students' healthy lifestyle behaviors (123.53 ± 25.78) and cardiovascular risk factors' knowledge level (21.08 ±± 2.70) were high. Obsessive-compulsive symptoms (16.12 ± 6.22) were moderate. In the correlation of sociodemographic characteristics, it was found that age correlated with the nutrition subdimension of CARRF-KL and HPLP-II, income level correlated with HPLP-II, place of residence correlated with HPLP-II, CARRF-KL, and MOCI, and having a health problem correlated with health responsibility. Income status, place of residence, and presence of health problems were found to be correlated with HPLP-II in all subdimensions in the regression analysis. In the regression analysis of HPLP-II with CARRF-KL and MOCI scales, it was found that it was significantly related to interpersonal relations, spiritual growth, stress management, and total score dimensions. CONCLUSION Healthy lifestyle behaviors of nursing students are related to cardiovascular risk factors' knowledge level and obsession symptoms. In addition, some demographic characteristics affect healthy lifestyle behaviors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dilek Baykal
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Istanbul Atlas University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Leman Kutlu
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Istanbul Atlas University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Burcu D. Demir
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Arel University, Istanbul, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Maksimovic JM, Pavlovic AD, Vlajinac HD, Vujcic IS, Grujicic Sipetic SB, Maris SR, Maksimovic MZ, Obrenovic MR, Kavecan II. Factors associated with smoking habits among undergraduate medical students: a cross-sectional study. JOURNAL OF SUBSTANCE USE 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/14659891.2021.2019330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jadranka M. Maksimovic
- Institute of Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandar D. Pavlovic
- Institute of Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Hristina D. Vlajinac
- Institute of Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Isidora S. Vujcic
- Institute of Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Slavica R. Maris
- Unit for Communicable Diseases, Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Institute of Public Health of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milos Z. Maksimovic
- Institute of Hygiene and Medical Ecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milan R. Obrenovic
- Center for Medical Genetics, Institute for Children and Youth Health Care of Vojvodina, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Ivana I. Kavecan
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kopylova OV, Ershova AI, Meshkov AN, Kontsevaya AV, Drapkina OM. Lifetime prevention of cardiovascular disease. Part III: young, middle, elderly and senile age. КАРДИОВАСКУЛЯРНАЯ ТЕРАПИЯ И ПРОФИЛАКТИКА 2021. [DOI: 10.15829/1728-8800-2021-2991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Intensive investigation of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors (RFs), both traditional (smoking, dyslipidemia, diabetes, etc.) and non-traditional, which are a component of the so-called exposome, as well as their non-drug and drug correction provide wide prospects for effective cardiovascular prevention. Prevention becomes the dominant trend in cardiology and in medicine in general. The aim of the article was to describe cardiovascular prevention in young, middle, elderly and senile age. Due to the multifaceted nature of cardiovascular RFs, an integrated biopsychosocial approach, individual and population-based prevention, cumulative risk assessment of all CVDs, intersectoral collaboration and the involvement of decision-makers, are key to the success and effectiveness of prevention measures. It is important to note that, on the one hand, preventive measures should be started as early as possible due to cumulative effect of RFs, on the other hand, most of the preventive interventions for CVD are extremely relevant at all life stages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- O. V. Kopylova
- National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine
| | - A. I. Ershova
- National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine
| | - A. N. Meshkov
- National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine
| | - A. V. Kontsevaya
- National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine
| | - O. M. Drapkina
- National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Mukhopadhay S, Mukherjee A, Khanra D, Samanta B, Karak A, Guha S. Cardiovascular disease risk factors among undergraduate medical students in a tertiary care centre of eastern India: a pilot study. Egypt Heart J 2021; 73:94. [PMID: 34704184 PMCID: PMC8547573 DOI: 10.1186/s43044-021-00219-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Handful studies report the prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors among medical students from India and none from the eastern part of the country. AIM To estimate the prevalence of risk factors of CVD and their correlation with CVD risk ratio among the MBBS students from eastern India. METHODS 433 students were studied. International Physical Activity Questionnaire-long form was used for assessment of physical activity and Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) to elicit psychological stress levels. Waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) was calculated. Total cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein ratio was calculated as the CVD risk ratio. RESULTS 39.3% were women and 68.6% of the subjects were in junior classes. 22.4% subjects had high PSS while 30% performed low physical activity. Tobacco and alcohol intake was prevalent in 29.3% and 21.0% respectively. High CVD risk ratio was found in 14.3%. Most risk factors were more prevalent among juniors except diabetes. Among the non-overweight and non-obese subjects there was a significant positive correlation between WHtR and CVD risk score (R = 0.33, p < 0.001). 82.7% of the variance in CVD risk ratio could be explained by WHtR, Body mass index, Triglycerides and Low-density lipoprotein (F(7, 425) = 296.085), of which LDL (β = 0.755) contributed the most. CONCLUSIONS High prevalence of different modifiable CVD risk factors revealed among the subjects in this study is concerning. WHtR appears promising as an independent early predictor of CVD risk in Indian population. A dedicated CVD risk assessment tool for the young population is necessary.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Anindya Mukherjee
- Department of Cardiology, NRS Medical College, 138, A.J.C. Bose Road, Kolkata, 700014 India
- Department of Cardiology, AMRI Hospitals, Kolkata, India
- Department of Cardiology, Ruby General Hospital, Kolkata, India
| | | | | | - Avik Karak
- Department of Cardiology, Medical College, Kolkata, India
| | - Santanu Guha
- Department of Cardiology, Medical College, Kolkata, India
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Alghamdi AS, Alzahrani MS, Alsolami BM, Thabet SA, Alghamdi BS, Kinsara AJ. A Community-Based, Cross-Sectional Study Assessing the Level of Awareness and Insight Related to Cardiovascular Diseases. Cureus 2021; 13:e15681. [PMID: 34277271 PMCID: PMC8281779 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.15681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The disease outcome had been shown to improve with improving patient knowledge. The study had two objectives, firstly to assess the level of knowledge about cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) in the general population, and secondly, to provide written educational material regarding the risk factors, major symptoms, and the prevention of CVDs. Method The target population was the residents living in the Western region of Saudi Arabia, aged 18 years and above. All were invited to participate voluntarily. A pre-structured questionnaire was designed to collect data related to age, gender, marital status, education level, occupation, lifestyle habits, and a history of heart diseases, as well as cardiac symptoms, and risk factors. The educational material was provided after the questionnaire. Results The majority of the participants were female (74.8%). The risk factors most frequently identified were lack of exercise, stress, and obesity. Chest pain was recognized as a major symptom (87.6%). Other symptoms included dyspnea, syncope, and excessive sweating. The level of knowledge regarding the risk factors for cardiovascular disease was poor. Only 18.5% were knowledgeable about the risk factors. The majority (60%) could identify the preventable factors, including smoking cessation (92.2%), a high level of cholesterol (88.6%), and hypertension (78.7%). The majority (83.7%) read the educational material and 99% reported that the lecture increased their knowledge about cardiovascular disease. Conclusion Although cardiovascular risk factors are common, there is a big gap in the knowledge in our population. Further, alarming symptoms that bring the patients to medical care are also deficient. A call for action at different levels is urgent. Simple educational material in a basic language and virtual education are useful and cheap tools that must be practiced wherever possible. Education is welcomed by the participants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ali S Alghamdi
- Internal Medicine, College of Medicine-Western Region, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Jeddah, SAU
| | - Muhanad S Alzahrani
- Internal Medicine, College of Medicine-Western Region, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, SAU
| | - Basel M Alsolami
- Internal Medicine, College of Medicine-Western Region, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, SAU
| | - Salman A Thabet
- Internal Medicine, College of Medicine-Western Region, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, SAU
| | - Basel S Alghamdi
- Internal Medicine, College of Medicine-Western Region, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, SAU
| | - Abdulhalim J Kinsara
- Cardiology, College of Medicine-Western Region, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Jeddah, SAU
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Global Cardiovascular Risk Profile of Italian Medical Students Assessed by a QR Code Survey. Data from UNIMI HEART SURVEY: Does Studying Medicine Hurt? J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10071343. [PMID: 33805103 PMCID: PMC8037873 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10071343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Few studies to date have addressed global cardiovascular (CV) risk profile in a “protected” young population as that of medical school students. Objective: to assess CV traditional risk factors and global CV risk profile of Italian medical students throughout the six years of university. Methods: A cross-sectional survey accessible online via quick response (QR) code was conducted among 2700 medical students at the University of Milan, Italy. Data on baseline characteristics, traditional CV risk factors, diet, lifestyle habits, and perceived lifestyle variations were evaluated across different years of school. Results: Overall, 1183 students (mean age, 22.05 years; 729 women (61.6%)) out of 2700 completed the questionnaire (43.8% rate response). More than 16% of the students had at least 3 out of 12 CV risk factors and only 4.6% had ideal cardiovascular health as defined by the American Heart Association. Overweight, underweight, physical inactivity, sub-optimal diet, smoke history, and elevated stress were commonly reported. Awareness of own blood pressure and lipid profile increased over the academic years as well as the number of high-blood-pressure subjects, alcohol abusers, and students constantly stressed for university reasons. Moreover, a reduction in physical-activity levels over the years was reported by half of the students. Conclusion and Relevance: This study demonstrates that a “protected” population as that of young medical students can show an unsatisfactory cardiovascular risk profile and suggests that medical school itself, being demanding and stressful, may have a role in worsening of the lifestyle.
Collapse
|
9
|
Diet Practices, Body Mass Index, and Oral Health-Related Quality of Life in Adults with Periodontitis- A Case-Control Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17072340. [PMID: 32235665 PMCID: PMC7177499 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17072340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: To assess and compare diet practices, body mass index (BMI), and oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) in adults with and without periodontitis. Methods: Demographics, health-related behaviors, BMI, dental and periodontal parameters, diet practices, and Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP-14) were collected from 62 periodontitis patients and 100 controls without periodontitis. Results: Having periodontitis was positively associated with male sex (p = 0.004), older age (p < 0.001), smoking pack-years (p = 0.006), weight (p = 0.008), BMI (p = 0.003), number of meals per day (p < 0.001) and had a negative association with decayed teeth (p = 0.013), alcohol (p = 0.006), and sweets (p = 0.007) consumption. Periodontitis patients were more likely to avoid carbonated beverages (p = 0.028), hot (p = 0.003), and cold drinks (p = 0.013), cold (p = 0.028), hard textured (p = 0.002), and fibrous foods (p = 0.02) than the controls, and exhibited higher global OHIP-14 (p < 0.001) and most domain scores. Age (p < 0.001), BMI (p =0.045), number of meals per day (p = 0.024), and global OHIP-14 score (p < 0.001) remained positively associated with periodontitis in the multivariate analysis. Conclusions: Periodontitis patients exhibited higher BMI and altered diet practices and OHRQoL as compared to controls. Assessment of diet practices, BMI, and OHRQoL should be part of periodontal work-up. Dentists and dietitians should collaborate to design strategies to address these challenges.
Collapse
|
10
|
Almalki MA, AlJishi MN, Khayat MA, Bokhari HF, Subki AH, Alzahrani AM, Alhejily WA. Population awareness of coronary artery disease risk factors in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional study. Int J Gen Med 2019; 12:63-70. [PMID: 30666149 PMCID: PMC6333320 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s184732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a serious cardiovascular disorder affecting middle-aged individuals. It is a major cause of death among adults over the age of 35 years. In Saudi Arabia, CAD is associated with higher mortality rate, and Saudi patients are reported to have significantly higher prevalence of risk factors for CAD than the Western population. Furthermore, as, to date, there is no definite cure for CAD, prevention of the disease and tight control of the known risk factors are the cornerstones for reducing CAD-associated mortality. Thus, the present work aimed to assess the population awareness of CAD risk factors in Saudi Arabia. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted in Jeddah during the period January 2017 to December 2017 by using an online survey questionnaire to assess participants' awareness of 14 risk factors for CAD, namely: smoking, lack of physical activity, fast food and soft drink intake, television and computer use; history of diabetes mellitus, myocardial infarction and stroke; as well as a family history of diabetes mellitus, diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, CAD and myocardial infarction. RESULTS Of 468 respondents, 41% were males. The mean age was 31.9±12.4. Approximately 86% were Saudi, and ~60% had a university education. The mean overall awareness score was 4.31±1.36 (1.00-8.00). Fast food, soft drinks, and family history of diabetes were the most commonly identified risk factors, reported by 74.8%, 64.3%, and 47.2% of participants, respectively. There was a strong correlation between overall awareness score and awareness of each risk factor individually (P<0.003). CONCLUSION There is an evident limited knowledge among the population in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia regarding the risk factors for CAD, and it is recommended that the healthcare sector in the country focus on public health education programs about the disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Ali Almalki
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia,
| | - Maram Nader AlJishi
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia,
| | - Maie Abdulrhman Khayat
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia,
| | - Hotoun Fayez Bokhari
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia,
| | - Ahmed Hussein Subki
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia,
| | | | - Wesam Awad Alhejily
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia,
| |
Collapse
|