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Secco K, Baumann PM, Pöttler T, Aberer F, Cigler M, Elsayed H, Harer CM, Weitgasser R, Schütz-Fuhrmann I, Mader JK. Glycemic Control Assessed by Intermittently Scanned Glucose Monitoring in Type 1 Diabetes during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Austria. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 24:4514. [PMID: 39065912 PMCID: PMC11280813 DOI: 10.3390/s24144514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2024] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this analysis was to assess glycemic control before and during the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. METHODS Data from 64 (main analysis) and 80 (sensitivity analysis) people with type 1 diabetes (T1D) using intermittently scanned continuous glucose monitoring (isCGM) were investigated retrospectively. The baseline characteristics were collected from electronic medical records. The data were examined over three periods of three months each: from 16th of March 2019 until 16th of June 2019 (pre-pandemic), from 1st of December 2019 until 29th of February 2020 (pre-lockdown) and from 16th of March 2020 until 16th of June 2020 (lockdown 2020), representing the very beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic and the first Austrian-wide lockdown. RESULTS For the main analysis, 64 individuals with T1D (22 female, 42 male), who had a mean glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) of 58.5 mmol/mol (51.0 to 69.3 mmol/mol) and a mean diabetes duration 13.5 years (5.5 to 22.0 years) were included in the analysis. The time in range (TIR[70-180mg/dL]) was the highest percentage of measures within all three studied phases, but the lockdown 2020 phase delivered the best data in all these cases. Concerning the time below range (TBR[<70mg/dL]) and the time above range (TAR[>180mg/dL]), the lockdown 2020 phase also had the best values. Regarding the sensitivity analysis, 80 individuals with T1D (26 female, 54 male), who had a mean HbA1c of 57.5 mmol/mol (51.0 to 69.3 mmol/mol) and a mean diabetes duration of 12.5 years (5.5 to 20.7 years), were included. The TIR[70-180mg/dL] was also the highest percentage of measures within all three studied phases, with the lockdown 2020 phase also delivering the best data in all these cases. The TBR[<70mg/dL] and the TAR[>180mg/dL] underscored the data in the main analysis. CONCLUSION Superior glycemic control, based on all parameters analyzed, was achieved during the first Austrian-wide lockdown compared to prior periods, which might be a result of reduced daily exertion or more time spent focusing on glycemic management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Secco
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 15, 8036 Graz, Austria; (K.S.); (P.M.B.); (T.P.); (F.A.); (M.C.); (H.E.); (C.M.H.)
| | - Petra Martina Baumann
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 15, 8036 Graz, Austria; (K.S.); (P.M.B.); (T.P.); (F.A.); (M.C.); (H.E.); (C.M.H.)
| | - Tina Pöttler
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 15, 8036 Graz, Austria; (K.S.); (P.M.B.); (T.P.); (F.A.); (M.C.); (H.E.); (C.M.H.)
| | - Felix Aberer
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 15, 8036 Graz, Austria; (K.S.); (P.M.B.); (T.P.); (F.A.); (M.C.); (H.E.); (C.M.H.)
| | - Monika Cigler
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 15, 8036 Graz, Austria; (K.S.); (P.M.B.); (T.P.); (F.A.); (M.C.); (H.E.); (C.M.H.)
| | - Hesham Elsayed
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 15, 8036 Graz, Austria; (K.S.); (P.M.B.); (T.P.); (F.A.); (M.C.); (H.E.); (C.M.H.)
| | - Clemens Martin Harer
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 15, 8036 Graz, Austria; (K.S.); (P.M.B.); (T.P.); (F.A.); (M.C.); (H.E.); (C.M.H.)
| | - Raimund Weitgasser
- Department of Internal Medicine and Diabetology, Private Clinic Wehrle-Diakonissen, 5026 Salzburg, Austria;
| | - Ingrid Schütz-Fuhrmann
- 3rd Medical Division for Metabolic Diseases and Nephrology, Hospital Hietzing, 1130 Vienna, Austria;
- Institute for Metabolic Diseases and Nephrology, Karl-Landsteiner Institute, 1130 Vienna, Austria
| | - Julia Katharina Mader
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 15, 8036 Graz, Austria; (K.S.); (P.M.B.); (T.P.); (F.A.); (M.C.); (H.E.); (C.M.H.)
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