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Lesens O, Forestier E, Botelho-Nevers E, Pavese P, David G, Nougarede B, Corbin V, Pereira B, Aumeran C, Sauvat L. Comparing ethanol lock therapy versus vancomycin lock in a salvation strategy for totally implantable vascular access device infections due to coagulase-negative staphylococci (the ETHALOCK study): a prospective double-blind randomized clinical trial. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2024; 43:223-232. [PMID: 37993679 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-023-04702-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Little is known about efficacy and safety of ethanol lock therapy (ELT) to treat totally implantable venous access device (TIVAD) infections. The objective of this trial was to evaluate the effectiveness and safety profile of a local treatment with ELT without removal for TIVAD infection due to coagulase-negative staphylococci. METHODS We performed a prospective, multicenter, double-blind, randomized clinical trial comparing the efficacy of 40% ELT versus vancomycin lock therapy (VLT) in TIVAD infections due to coagulase-negative staphylococci, complicated or not by bloodstream infection. RESULTS Thirty-one patients were assigned to the ELT group and 30 to the VLT arm. Concomitant bacteremia was present in 41 patients (67.2%). Treatment success was 58.1 % (18 of 31) for the ELT arm and 46.7% (14 of 30) for the VLT arm (p = 0.37). The overall treatment success was 52.5% (32). The risk of treatment failure due to uncontrolled infections, superinfections, and mechanical complications did not differ significantly between participants receiving ELT (13 out of 31 [42%]) and those receiving VLT (16 out of 30 [53%]) with a hazard ratio of 0.70 (p = 0.343; 95% CI [0.34-1.46], Cox model). Catheter malfunctions were significantly more frequent in the ELT arm (11 patients versus 2 in the VLT group, p = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS We found an overall high rate of treatment failure that did not differ between the ELT arm and the VLT arm. TIVAD removal must be prioritized to prevent complications (uncontrolled infections, superinfections, and catheter malfunctions) except in exceptional situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Lesens
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Department, Centre Hospitalier de Cayenne Andrée Rosemon, Cayenne, French Guiana.
- Centre d'Investigation Clinique (CIC INSERM 1424), Centre Hospitalier de Cayenne Andrée Rosemon, Cayenne, French Guiana.
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Department, Clermont-Ferrand University Hospital Center, Reference Center for Osteoarticular Infections, Regional Reference Center for Tick-Based Vector Diseases, Genome and Environment Microorganisms Laboratory, Clermont Auvergne University, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - Emmanuel Forestier
- Infectious Disease Department, Metropole Savoie Hospital Center, Chambery, France
| | | | - Patricia Pavese
- Infectious Disease Department, Grenoble University Hospital Center, Grenoble, France
| | - Gary David
- Infectious Disease Department, Villefranche sur Saône Hospital Center, Villefranche sur Saône, France
| | | | - Violaine Corbin
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Department, Clermont-Ferrand University Hospital Center, Reference Center for Osteoarticular Infections, Regional Reference Center for Tick-Based Vector Diseases, Genome and Environment Microorganisms Laboratory, Clermont Auvergne University, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Bruno Pereira
- Clinical Research Direction, Clermont-Ferrand University Hospital Center, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Claire Aumeran
- Infection Control Department, 3IHP, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, 63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Léo Sauvat
- Infection Control Department, 3IHP, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, 63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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de Oliveira A, Pinheiro-Hubinger L, Pereira VC, Riboli DFM, Martins KB, Romero LC, da Cunha MDLRDS. Staphylococcal Biofilm on the Surface of Catheters: Electron Microscopy Evaluation of the Inhibition of Biofilm Growth by RNAIII Inhibiting Peptide. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10070879. [PMID: 34356800 PMCID: PMC8300745 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10070879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) have become the main causative agents of medical device-related infections due to their biofilm-forming capability, which protects them from the host’s immune system and from the action of antimicrobials. This study evaluated the ability of RNA III inhibiting peptide (RIP) to inhibit biofilm formation in 10 strains isolated from clinical materials, including one S. aureus strain, two S. epidermidis, two S. haemolyticus, two S. lugdunensis, and one isolate each of the following species: S. warneri, S. hominis, and S. saprophyticus. The isolates were selected from a total of 200 strains evaluated regarding phenotypic biofilm production and the presence and expression of the ica operon. The isolates were cultured in trypticase soy broth with 2% glucose in 96-well polystyrene plates containing catheter segments in the presence and absence of RIP. The catheter segments were observed by scanning electron microscopy. The results showed inhibition of biofilm formation in the presence of RIP in all CoNS isolates; however, RIP did not interfere with biofilm formation by S. aureus. RIP is a promising tool that might be used in the future for the prevention of biofilm-related infections caused by CoNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adilson de Oliveira
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Biosciences Institute, UNESP—Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu 18618-691, Brazil; (A.d.O.); (V.C.P.); (D.F.M.R.); (K.B.M.); (L.C.R.); (M.d.L.R.d.S.d.C.)
| | - Luiza Pinheiro-Hubinger
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Lauro de Souza Lima Institute, Bauru 17034-971, Brazil
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-(0)14-38800428
| | - Valéria Cataneli Pereira
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Biosciences Institute, UNESP—Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu 18618-691, Brazil; (A.d.O.); (V.C.P.); (D.F.M.R.); (K.B.M.); (L.C.R.); (M.d.L.R.d.S.d.C.)
| | - Danilo Flávio Moraes Riboli
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Biosciences Institute, UNESP—Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu 18618-691, Brazil; (A.d.O.); (V.C.P.); (D.F.M.R.); (K.B.M.); (L.C.R.); (M.d.L.R.d.S.d.C.)
| | - Katheryne Benini Martins
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Biosciences Institute, UNESP—Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu 18618-691, Brazil; (A.d.O.); (V.C.P.); (D.F.M.R.); (K.B.M.); (L.C.R.); (M.d.L.R.d.S.d.C.)
| | - Letícia Calixto Romero
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Biosciences Institute, UNESP—Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu 18618-691, Brazil; (A.d.O.); (V.C.P.); (D.F.M.R.); (K.B.M.); (L.C.R.); (M.d.L.R.d.S.d.C.)
| | - Maria de Lourdes Ribeiro de Souza da Cunha
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Biosciences Institute, UNESP—Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu 18618-691, Brazil; (A.d.O.); (V.C.P.); (D.F.M.R.); (K.B.M.); (L.C.R.); (M.d.L.R.d.S.d.C.)
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Khasawneh AI, Himsawi N, Abu-Raideh J, Salameh MA, Al-Tamimi M, Al Haj Mahmoud S, Saleh T. Status of Biofilm-Forming Genes among Jordanian Nasal Carriers of Methicillin-Sensitive and Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus. IRANIAN BIOMEDICAL JOURNAL 2020; 24:386-98. [PMID: 32660224 PMCID: PMC7601545 DOI: 10.29252/ibj.24.6.381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Biofilm formation in Staphylococcusaureus is a major virulence factor. Both MSSA and MRSA are common causes of community- and hospital-acquired infections and are associated with biofilm formation. The status of biofilm-forming genes has not been explored in Jordanian nasal carriers of S. aureus. This study investigates antibiotic resistance patterns and the prevalence of biofilm-forming genes between MSSA and MRSA in two distinct populations in Jordan. Methods: A total of 35 MSSA and 22 MRSA isolates were recovered from hospitalized patients and medical students at Prince Hamzah Hospital, Jordan. Antibiotic susceptibility was tested using disk diffusion method and Vitek 2 system. The phenotypic biofilm formation was tested using CRA and microtiter plate assays. The prevalence of the biofilm-forming genes was determined using multiplex PCR. Results: Among 57 S.aureus isolates, 22 (38.6%) isolates were MRSA and were highly resistant against benzylpenicillin, oxacillin, and imipenem. The frequencies of the icaADBC were 77.1%, 97.1%, 94.3%, and 97.1% respectively in MSSA compared to 86.4%, 100%, 100%, and 100% in MRSA isolates. On the other hand, the frequency of the fnbA, fnbB, clfA, fib, clfB, ebps, eno, and cna genes was 81.8%, 90.9%, 95.5%, 90.9%, 86.4%, 100%, 100%, and 40.9%, respectively in the MRSA isolates. Conclusion: In both groups, MRSA isolates, in comparison to MSSA, were significantly more resistant to cefoxitin, oxacillin, imipenem, tetracycline, clindamycin, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Unexpectedly, biofilm formation and gene prevalence between MRSA and MSSA isolates showed no significant difference, suggesting other potential virulence mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashraf I Khasawneh
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Nisreen Himsawi
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Jumana Abu-Raideh
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Muna A Salameh
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Al-Balqa' Applied University, Al-Salt, Jordan
| | - Mohammad Al-Tamimi
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Sameer Al Haj Mahmoud
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Al-Balqa' Applied University, Al-Salt, Jordan
| | - Tareq Saleh
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
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Higgins M, Zhang L, Ford R, Brownlie J, Kleidon T, Rickard CM, Ullman A. The microbial biofilm composition on peripherally inserted central catheters: A comparison of polyurethane and hydrophobic catheters collected from paediatric patients. J Vasc Access 2020; 22:388-393. [PMID: 32564705 DOI: 10.1177/1129729820932423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peripherally inserted central catheters are susceptible to microbial colonisation and subsequent biofilm formation, leading to central line-associated bloodstream infection, a serious peripherally inserted central catheter-related complication. Next-generation peripherally inserted central catheter biomaterials, such as hydrophobic materials (e.g. Endexo®), may reduce microbial biofilm formation or attachment, consequently reducing the potential for central line-associated bloodstream infection. METHODS Within a randomised controlled trial, culture-dependent and culture-independent methods were used to determine if the biomaterials used in traditional polyurethane peripherally inserted central catheters and hydrophobic peripherally inserted central catheters impacted microbial biofilm composition. This study also explored the impact of other clinical characteristics including central line-associated bloodstream infection, antibiotic therapy and dwell time on the microbial biofilm composition of peripherally inserted central catheters. RESULTS From a total of 32 patients, one peripherally inserted central catheter was determined to be colonised with Staphylococcus aureus, and on further analysis, the patient was diagnosed with central line-associated bloodstream infection. All peripherally inserted central catheters (n = 17 polyurethane vs n = 15 hydrophobic) were populated with complex microbial communities, including peripherally inserted central catheters considered non-colonised. The two main microbial communities observed included Staphylococcus spp., dominant on the colonised peripherally inserted central catheter, and Enterococcus, dominant on non-colonised peripherally inserted central catheters. Both the peripherally inserted central catheter biomaterial design and antibiotic therapy had no significant impact on microbial communities. However, the diversity of microbial communities significantly decreased with dwell time. CONCLUSION More diverse pathogens were present on the colonised peripherally inserted central catheter collected from the patient with central line-associated bloodstream infection. Microbial biofilm composition did not appear to be affected by the design of peripherally inserted central catheter biomaterials or antibiotic therapy. However, the diversity of the microbial communities appeared to decrease with dwell time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maddie Higgins
- School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Li Zhang
- School of Dentistry and Oral Health, Gold Coast Campus, Griffith University, QLD, Australia.,Alliance for Vascular Access Teaching and Research (AVATAR), Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Rebecca Ford
- School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Jeremy Brownlie
- School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Tricia Kleidon
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Vascular Assessment and Management Service, Queensland Children's Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Claire M Rickard
- Alliance for Vascular Access Teaching and Research (AVATAR), Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,School of Nursing and Midwifery, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Amanda Ullman
- Alliance for Vascular Access Teaching and Research (AVATAR), Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,School of Nursing and Midwifery, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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Gonçalves TG, Timm CD. Biofilm production by coagulase-negative Staphylococcus: a review. ARQUIVOS DO INSTITUTO BIOLÓGICO 2020. [DOI: 10.1590/1808-1657001382018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT: This review aimed to describe the biofilm formation ability of coagulase-negative Staphylococcus, addressing its impact to the food industry. Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus have the ability to produce enterotoxins in food, making it an important line of study, as it constitutes a risk to public health. The biofilm formation by these microorganisms requires physicochemical processes, such as hydrophobic forces, which are essential for the first phase of fixing the biofilm on the surface. In industrial facilities, stainless steel equipment is the most associated with the formation of biofilms, due to the presence grooves and cracks. Many species of coagulase-negative Staphylococcus produce biofilm, but the most studied is S. epidermidis, as it is the most frequently isolated from food. Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus form biofilm on different surfaces in the food industry, and can become a source of permanent contamination, that can be present in the final product, intended for human consumption. Among other alternatives to combat the formation of biofilm in industrial food facilities, there is the implementation of Good Manufacturing Practices, which is effective in preventing bacterial adhesion, and therefore, the formation of biofilm. However, further studies are needed in order to quantify the occurrence of coagulase-negative Staphylococcus biofilms in the food industry.
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Sustained Nitric Oxide-Releasing Nanoparticles Interfere with Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Adhesion and Biofilm Formation in a Rat Central Venous Catheter Model. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2016; 61:AAC.02020-16. [PMID: 27821454 DOI: 10.1128/aac.02020-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is frequently isolated in the setting of infections of indwelling medical devices, which are mediated by the microbe's ability to form biofilms on a variety of surfaces. Biofilm-embedded bacteria are more resistant to antimicrobial agents than their planktonic counterparts and often cause chronic infections and sepsis, particularly in patients with prolonged hospitalizations. In this study, we demonstrate that sustained nitric oxide-releasing nanoparticles (NO-np) interfere with S. aureus adhesion and prevent biofilm formation on a rat central venous catheter (CVC) model of infection. Confocal and scanning electron microscopy showed that NO-np-treated staphylococcal biofilms displayed considerably reduced thicknesses and bacterial numbers compared to those of control biofilms in vitro and in vivo, respectively. Although both phenotypes, planktonic and biofilm-associated staphylococci, of multiple clinical strains were susceptible to NO-np, bacteria within biofilms were more resistant to killing than their planktonic counterparts. Furthermore, chitosan, a biopolymer found in the exoskeleton of crustaceans and structurally integrated into the nanoparticles, seems to add considerable antimicrobial activity to the technology. Our findings suggest promising development and translational potential of NO-np for use as a prophylactic or therapeutic against bacterial biofilms on CVCs and other medical devices.
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Martini R, Hörner R, Rampelotto RF, Garzon LRL, Nunes MS, Teixeira MD, Graichen DÂS. INVESTIGATION OF BIOFILM FORMATION IN COAGULASE-NEGATIVE STAPHYLOCOCCI ISOLATED FROM PLATELET CONCENTRATE BAGS. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 2016; 58:1. [PMID: 26910444 PMCID: PMC4793942 DOI: 10.1590/s1678-9946201658001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 07/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelet Concentrates (PCs) are the blood components with the highest rate of
bacterial contamination, and coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) are the most
frequently isolated contaminants. This study investigated the biofilm formation of 16
contaminated units out of 691 PCs tested by phenotypic and genotypic methods.
Adhesion in Borosilicate Tube (ABT) and Congo Red Agar (CRA) tests were used to
assess the presence of biofilm. The presence of icaADC genes was assessed by means of
the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) technique. With Vitek(r)2, Staphylococcus
haemolyticus was considered the most prevalent CoNS (31.25%). The CRA characterized
43.8% as probable biofilm producers, and for the ABT test, 37.5%. The icaADC genes
were identified in seven samples by the PCR. The ABT technique showed 85.7%
sensitivity and 100% specificity when compared to the reference method (PCR), and
presented strong agreement (k = 0.8). This study shows that species identified as PCs
contaminants are considered inhabitants of the normal skin flora and they might
become important pathogens. The results also lead to the recommendation of ABT use in
laboratory routine for detecting biofilm in CoNS contaminants of PCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosiéli Martini
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, ; ; ; ;
| | - Rosmari Hörner
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, ; ; ; ;
| | - Roberta Filipini Rampelotto
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, ; ; ; ;
| | - Litiérri Razia Litiérri Garzon
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, ; ; ; ;
| | - Melise Silveira Nunes
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, ; ; ; ;
| | - Mayza Dalcin Teixeira
- Laboratório de Evolução Genética, Centro de Educação Superior Norte, Palmeira das Missões, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, ;
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Lona-Reyes JC, López-Barragán B, Celis de la Rosa ADJ, Pérez-Molina JJ, Ascencio-Esparza EP. [Central venous-catheter related bacteremia: incidence and risk factors in a hospital in western México]. BOLETIN MEDICO DEL HOSPITAL INFANTIL DE MEXICO 2015; 73:105-110. [PMID: 29421191 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmhimx.2015.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Revised: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Central venous catheters (CVC) are needed for monitoring and treatment of critically ill patients; however, their use increases the risk of bacteremia. The aim of the study was to quantify the incidence of central venous catheter-related bacteremia (CVCRB) and to identify factors associated with this infection. METHODS A prospective cohort study was conducted in a concentration hospital of western Mexico. The association of CVCRB and study variables was investigated using multivariate Cox regression analysis. RESULTS Two hundred four patients with CVC were studied. The average age was 4.6 years; 66.2% were male. Insertion sites of the catheters were subclavian vein 72.5% (n = 148), jugular vein 20.1% (n = 41) and femoral vein 7.4% (n = 15). CVCRB incidence was 6.5 events/1,000 catheter days; microorganisms identified were gram-positive cocci 37.5% (n = 6), gram-negative bacilli 37.5% (n = 6) and Candida albicans 25% (n = 4). It was observed that the increase in catheter manipulations per day was associated with bacteremia (HR 1.14, 95% CI 1.06 - 1.23), whereas the use of intravenous antibiotics showed a protective effect (HR 0.84, 95% CI 0.76-0.92). CONCLUSIONS In addition to strategies of maximum caution when placing or manipulating the catheter, we recommend decreasing, as much as possible, disconnects between the CVC and infusion line. Antibiotics showed a protective effect, but the outcome is uncertain and promotion of antimicrobial resistance should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Brenda López-Barragán
- Nuevo Hospital Civil de Guadalajara Dr. Juan I. Menchaca, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
| | - Alfredo de Jesús Celis de la Rosa
- Universidad de Guadalajara, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Departamento de Epidemiología, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
| | - J Jesús Pérez-Molina
- Nuevo Hospital Civil de Guadalajara Dr. Juan I. Menchaca, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
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Casagrande Proietti P, Stefanetti V, Hyatt DR, Marenzoni ML, Capomaccio S, Coletti M, Bietta A, Franciosini MP, Passamonti F. Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of canine pyoderma isolates of Staphylococcus pseudintermedius for biofilm formation. J Vet Med Sci 2015; 77:945-51. [PMID: 25892615 PMCID: PMC4565817 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.15-0043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Biofilm-forming ability is increasingly being recognized as an important virulence factor in several Staphylococcus species. This study evaluated the biofilm-forming ability of sixty canine derived clinical isolates of S. pseudintermedius, using three phenotypic methods, microtiter plate test (MtP), Congo red agar method (CRA) and tube adherence test, and the presence and impact of biofilm-associated genes (icaA and icaD). The results showed that icaA and icaD genes were detected concomitantly in 55 (91.7%) of 60 isolates. A majority (88.3%) of the strains screened had matching results by the tube adherence test, MtP and PCR analysis. Better agreement (95%) was found between the PCR-based analysis and the CRA. Results of the icaA and icaD gene PCRs showed good agreement with CRA results, with a kappa of 0.7. Comparing the phenotypic methods,
the statistical analysis showed that the agreement among the phenotypical tests using categorical data was generally good. Considering two classes (biofilm producer and biofilm non-producer), the percentage of matching results between the CRA method and the tube adherence test and between the CRA method and the MtP was 93.3%. A concordance of 100% was revealed between the MtP and the tube adherence test. The results indicate a high prevalence of the ica genes within S. pseudintermedius isolates, and their presence is associated with in vitro formation of a biofilm. A combination of phenotypic and genotypic tests is recommended for investigating biofilm formation in S. pseudintermedius.
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10
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Delay before implanting a port-a-cath after removing the previous one because of infection. Med Mal Infect 2014; 44:315-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.medmal.2014.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2014] [Revised: 05/16/2014] [Accepted: 06/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Efficacy of tigecycline and vancomycin in experimental catheter-related Staphylococcus epidermidis infection: microbiological and electron microscopic analysis of biofilm. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2012; 39:338-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2012.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2011] [Revised: 11/12/2011] [Accepted: 01/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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An organoselenium compound inhibits Staphylococcus aureus biofilms on hemodialysis catheters in vivo. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2011; 56:972-8. [PMID: 22123688 DOI: 10.1128/aac.05680-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Colonization of central venous catheters (CVCs) by pathogenic bacteria leads to catheter-related bloodstream infections (CRBSIs). These colonizing bacteria form highly antibiotic-resistant biofilms. Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most frequently isolated pathogens in CRBSIs. Impregnating CVC surfaces with antimicrobial agents has various degrees of effectiveness in reducing the incidence of CRBSIs. We recently showed that organoselenium covalently attached to disks as an antibiofilm agent inhibited the development of S. aureus biofilms. In this study, we investigated the ability of an organoselenium coating on hemodialysis catheters (HDCs) to inhibit S. aureus biofilms in vitro and in vivo. S. aureus failed to develop biofilms on HDCs coated with selenocyanatodiacetic acid (SCAA) in either static or flowthrough continuous-culture systems. The SCAA coating also inhibited the development of S. aureus biofilms on HDCs in vivo for 3 days. The SCAA coating was stable and nontoxic to cell culture or animals. This new method for coating the internal and external surfaces of HDCs with SCAA has the potential to prevent catheter-related infections due to S. aureus.
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Zhang L, Gowardman J, Rickard CM. Impact of microbial attachment on intravascular catheter-related infections. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2011; 38:9-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2011.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2010] [Revised: 01/21/2011] [Accepted: 01/21/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Oliveira A, Cunha MDLR. Comparison of methods for the detection of biofilm production in coagulase-negative staphylococci. BMC Res Notes 2010; 3:260. [PMID: 20946672 PMCID: PMC2973941 DOI: 10.1186/1756-0500-3-260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2010] [Accepted: 10/14/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ability of biofilm formation seems to play an essential role in the virulence of coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS). The most clearly characterized component of staphylococcal biofilms is the polysaccharide intercellular adhesin (PIA) encoded by the icaADBC operon. Biofilm production was studied in 80 coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) strains isolated from clinical specimens of newborns with infection hospitalized at the Neonatal Unit of the University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine of Botucatu, and in 20 isolates obtained from the nares of healthy individuals without signs of infection. The objective was to compare three phenotypic methods with the detection of the icaA, icaD and icaC genes by PCR. FINDINGS Among the 100 CNS isolates studied, 82% tested positive by PCR, 82% by the tube test, 81% by the TCP assay, and 73% by the CRA method. Using PCR as a reference, the tube test showed the best correlation with detection of the ica genes, presenting high sensitivity and specificity. CONCLUSIONS The tube adherence test can be indicated for the routine detection of biofilm production in CNS because of its easy application and low cost and because it guarantees reliable results with excellent sensitivity and specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adilson Oliveira
- UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Biosciences Institute Bacteriology Laboratory, Botucatu, SP, Brazil.
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Crisinel M, Mahy S, Ortega-Debalon P, Buisson M, Favre JP, Chavanet P, Piroth L. Incidence, prévalence et facteurs de risque de survenue d’une première complication infectieuse sur chambres à cathéter implantables. Med Mal Infect 2009; 39:252-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.medmal.2008.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2008] [Revised: 10/02/2008] [Accepted: 11/14/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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16
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The impact of antithrombotic prophylaxis on infectious complications in cancer patients with central venous catheters: an observational study. Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis 2009; 20:35-40. [DOI: 10.1097/mbc.0b013e32831bc2f8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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17
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Viale P, Stefani S. Vascular catheter-associated infections: a microbiological and therapeutic update. J Chemother 2008; 18:235-49. [PMID: 17129833 DOI: 10.1179/joc.2006.18.3.235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
The increasing incidence of central venous catheter (CVC)-related infections can be ascribed to the wider indications to central venous catheterization, to the higher attention to this issue paid by clinicians and microbiologists, and to the patient population referred to hospitals, increasingly characterized by different degrees of immunosuppression and often in critical clinical conditions. This phenomenon implies a higher health care burden and higher related costs, as well as a significant attributable mortality, that varies however according to the pathogen involved. The microorganisms most frequently involved in CVC-related infections are coagulase-negative staphylococci, Staphylococcus aureus, aerobic Gram-negative bacilli, and Candida albicans. In the management of suspected or proven central venous catheter-related infections, several issues need to be addressed: the need to remove the device or the possibility of salvage, the immediate start of calculated antibiotic therapy or the possibility of waiting for results of microbiological diagnostics and proceeding to etiologically-guided therapy. The preferred conservative method is the "Antibiotic-Lock technique" (ALT), based on the endoluminal application of antibacterials at extremely high concentrations in situ for a period of time long enough to ensure bactericidal activity. On the other hand, immediate catheter removal and initiation of appropriate calculated therapy immediately after an adequate diagnostic work-up are strongly recommended in a clinical setting of severe sepsis or septic shock.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Viale
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medical and Morphological Research, Medical School, University of Udine, Italy
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