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Han J, Zhang L, Yang F, Wang L. Illness cognition and associated socio-demographic and clinical factors in parents of children with leukemia. BMC Psychol 2024; 12:289. [PMID: 38783376 PMCID: PMC11119300 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-024-01798-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Illness cognition is an important mediator between psychological and behavioral adjustment and the quality of life for patients and their caregivers. Evidence related to illness cognition among parents of children with leukemia is limited. The purpose of this study is to explore the illness cognition status and associated factors in parents of children with leukemia. METHODS A cross-sectional survey was conducted with the parents of 335 children with leukemia from three general children's hospitals in China from January to December 2022. A parents' version of the illness cognition questionnaire was used to collect data. This included three subscales: helplessness, acceptance, and perceived benefits. RESULTS The mean scores of helplessness, acceptance and perceived benefits of parents regarding their children's disease were 15.56 (4.60), 16.25 (4.41), and 19.96 (3.69) respectively. The multiple regression model indicated seven factors associated with the parents' illness cognition (adjusted R [2] ranged from 0.182 to 0.134): four socio-demographic factors (parent's age, role, education level, and family income) and three clinical factors (length of time spent each day caring for the child, the child's age at diagnosis, and the duration of the disease). CONCLUSION This study reports on different levels of illness cognition and associated factors among parents of children with leukemia. The results may help pediatric oncology medical staff identify risk factors for poor psychological adjustment to children's diseases. Parents may benefit from psychological support aimed at improving positive illness cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Han
- School of Nursing, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, China.
- Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.
| | - Li Zhang
- School of Nursing, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, China
| | - Feng Yang
- Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Linlin Wang
- School of Nursing, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, China
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2
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Reuvers MJP, Gedik A, Way KM, Elbersen-van de Stadt SM, van der Graaf WTA, Husson O. Caring for Adolescents and Young Adults (AYA) with Cancer: A Scoping Review into Caregiver Burdens and Needs. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3263. [PMID: 37370873 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15123263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
AYAs with cancer (aged 15 to 39 at primary diagnosis) form a specific group within oncology, and there is limited information on the impact on their informal caregivers. This scoping review aimed to gain insight into the burden on caregivers of AYAs with cancer and identify the unmet needs they might have. Eligible articles focused on impacts in one of the domains of caregiver burden (physical, psychological, social, on schedule, financial) or unmet needs. In all domains of caregiver burden, impact was reported by caregivers. Caregiving leads to physical problems (such as sleep problems) and psychological symptoms (e.g., depression, anxiety, and negative emotions). Loneliness is reported, and little peer-support. Many different tasks and roles must be undertaken, which is perceived as challenging. In addition, there is a financial impact and there are unmet needs to be met. Several domains of the lives of caregivers of AYA cancer patients are negatively affected by the disease. Some of these are age-specific, and tailored to a particular group of caregivers (parents, partners, or friends). AYA cancer patients represent a wide age range, resulting in the engagement of many different caregivers. Future research will need to take this into account in order to adequately provide support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milou J P Reuvers
- Division of Psychosocial Research and Epidemiology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1006 BE Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Asiye Gedik
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kirsty M Way
- School of Heath Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | | | - Winette T A van der Graaf
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Medical Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni van Leeuwenhoek, 1006 BE Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Olga Husson
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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3
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Davidson S, Contreras J, Santamaría CR, Alba-Suarez J, Patel P, Greenspahn E, Boucher L, Rodriguez EM. The Socioecology of Parental Adjustment to Pediatric Cancer: The Roles of Individual and Neighborhood Socioeconomic Status in Parental Social Support and Depressive Symptoms. J Pediatr Psychol 2023; 48:193-201. [PMID: 36644926 DOI: 10.1093/jpepsy/jsac089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Parents of children with cancer are at risk for depressive symptoms, and previous research has linked their level of distress to various demographic, social, and economic factors. However, little research has examined associations between parental depressive symptoms and multiple socioecological factors at once. The current study examined how socioeconomic status (SES) at the individual and neighborhood level is related to parental depressive symptoms and social support satisfaction in Latinx and non-Latinx parents of children recently diagnosed with cancer, and whether social support satisfaction mediated associations between SES and depressive symptoms. METHODS Parents (N = 115; 82% female; 30% Latinx) completed questionnaires reporting their demographic information, social support satisfaction, and depressive symptoms. Neighborhood SES was coded by block group level based on participants' home addresses. RESULTS Individual, but not neighborhood, SES was positively associated with social support satisfaction, and higher social support satisfaction was associated with lower depressive symptoms. There was a significant indirect effect of individual (but not neighborhood) SES on depressive symptoms through social support satisfaction. Latinx parents reported lower individual SES, but not lower social support satisfaction or depressive symptoms than non-Latinx parents. CONCLUSIONS These results highlight the important role of social support in the adjustment of parents who have a child with pediatric cancer. Findings suggest that families may benefit from services that target multiple levels of their social ecology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Savannah Davidson
- Department of Educational Psychology, The University of Texas at Austin, USA
| | - Janie Contreras
- Department of Educational Psychology, The University of Texas at Austin, USA
| | | | - Juliana Alba-Suarez
- Department of Educational Psychology, The University of Texas at Austin, USA
| | - Puja Patel
- Department of Educational Psychology, The University of Texas at Austin, USA
- Children's Blood and Cancer Center, Dell Children's Medical Center, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Dell Medical School, USA
| | - Emily Greenspahn
- Department of Educational Psychology, The University of Texas at Austin, USA
- Children's Blood and Cancer Center, Dell Children's Medical Center, USA
- Department of Neurology, Dell Medical School, USA
| | - Lori Boucher
- Children's Blood and Cancer Center, Dell Children's Medical Center, USA
| | - Erin M Rodriguez
- Department of Educational Psychology, The University of Texas at Austin, USA
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Imperial-Perez F, Pike NA, Doering LV, Eastwood JA, Heilemann MV. Caregiving for Interstage Infants: A Continuous Process of Compromise During the Pandemic. World J Pediatr Congenit Heart Surg 2022; 13:443-450. [PMID: 35585726 PMCID: PMC9121143 DOI: 10.1177/21501351221099945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background: Infants born with single ventricle heart disease require
in-home medicalized care during the interstage period (time between the first
and second staged heart surgery). These caregivers rely on extended family,
friends, and hired caretakers to provide respite time. However, the coronavirus
pandemic removed these families’ options due to stay-at-home and social
distancing directives. We explored the caregivers’ experiences during the
interstage period, including impacts on their lifestyle, as they managed their
infants’ critical needs during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic.
Method: In-person or telephonic interviews of 14 caregivers
interviewed once or twice were conducted between November 2019 and July 2020.
Constructivist Grounded Theory methodology guided both data collection and
analysis for the inductive and abductive exploration of caregivers’ experiences.
Results: Data analysis led to the development of 2 concepts:
Accepting and adapting to a restrictive home environment
and Reconciling what is and what is yet to come. Refinement of
the relationship between the 2 concepts led to the development of a theory
grounded in the words and experiences of the participants called: A
Continuous Process of Compromise. Conclusions: Our
findings increase understanding of caregivers’ experiences related to
psychosocial and lifestyle impacts and the need for additional support during
the interstage period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flerida Imperial-Perez
- 5150Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Heart Institute, Section of Cardiothoracic ICU, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,8783University of California Los Angeles School of Nursing, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Nancy A Pike
- 5150Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Heart Institute, Section of Cardiothoracic ICU, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,8783University of California Los Angeles School of Nursing, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Lynn V Doering
- 8783University of California Los Angeles School of Nursing, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jo-Ann Eastwood
- 8783University of California Los Angeles School of Nursing, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - MarySue V Heilemann
- 8783University of California Los Angeles School of Nursing, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Health-Related and Economic Burden Among Family Caregivers of Patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia or Hematological Malignancies. Adv Ther 2021; 38:5002-5024. [PMID: 34499319 PMCID: PMC8478752 DOI: 10.1007/s12325-021-01872-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is associated with lower survival and greater unmet need compared with some other hematologic malignancies (HMs). Despite differences in acuteness between AML and other HMs, the burden of family caregivers (FCs) of patients with these malignancies offer similar patient experiences. A targeted literature review was conducted to explore FC burden of patients with AML and HM with and without hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT). Instruments to measure and interventions to address FC burden were identified. Methods Studies on economic burden and compromised health-related quality of life (HRQoL) associated with FC burden, family affairs, and childcare from 1 January 2010 to 30 June 2019 were identified through database and hand searches. Published English articles on randomized controlled trials or standardized qualitative or quantitative observational studies were included. FCs were those in close familial proximity to the patient (i.e., spouse, parents, children, relatives, other family members, significant others). Results Seventy-one publications were identified (AML, n = 3; HM, n = 29; HSCT, n = 39). Predominant burden categories included humanistic (n = 33), economic (n = 17), and interventions (n = 22); one study was classified as humanistic and economic. FCs lack sufficient resources to manage stressors and experience negative psychological, behavioral, and physiological effects. FCs of patients with HMs reported post-traumatic stress disorder, significant sleep problems, moderate-to-poor HRQoL, and negative impacts on family relationships. Instruments designed to measure caregiver burden were generic and symptom-specific. Educational, expressional, and self-adjustment interventions were used to improve FC burden. Conclusion Findings indicate a need for additional research, public health approaches to support FCs, and effective interventions to address FC burden. Minimizing FC burden and improving quality of life may reduce the overall healthcare service use and allow FCs to more effectively fulfill caregiver tasks. Support systems to alleviate caregiver burden may create reinforced integrators, thus positively affecting quality of life and possibly the outcomes of patients. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12325-021-01872-x.
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Çevik Özdemir HN, Şenol S. Development of the Caregiving Burden Scale for Family Caregivers of Children with Cancer. West J Nurs Res 2021; 44:328-337. [PMID: 34515587 DOI: 10.1177/01939459211041170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Due to the burden of caregiving, family caregivers of children with cancer suffer from physical and psychosocial health problems. The aim of this study was to develop a Caregiving Burden Scale for Family Caregivers of Children with Cancer (CBSFC-CC) and to assess its psychometric properties. A methodological, descriptive study design was conducted. The study sample consisted of 217 family caregivers caring for children with cancer between the ages of 0 and 18 years. The item pool of the scale was created using the Delphi Technique. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the overall scale was 0.93. The item-total score correlations ranged from 0.424 to 0.645. The exploratory factor analysis showed that the scale explained 68.34% of the total variance. The confirmatory factor analysis also showed that the factor loadings of the scale ranged from 0.46 to 0.96. NNFI, CFI, and IFI were found to be > 0.90, and RMSEA was found to be < 0.09. The CBSFC-CC was found to be a good multidimensional instrument for evaluating the burden on family caregivers of pediatric cancer patients. It can be used in clinical practice and research. This tool can be considered to tailor interventions aimed at improving caregiver outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamide Nur Çevik Özdemir
- Department of Child Health and Diseases Nursing, Faculty of Health Science, Afyonkarahisar Health Sciences University, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
| | - Selmin Şenol
- Department of Child Health and Diseases Nursing, Faculty of Health Science, Kütahya Health Sciences University, Kütahya, Turkey
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Cheriyalinkal Parambil B, Goswami S, Roy Moulik N, Sonkusare L, Dhamne C, Narula G, Vora T, Prasad M, Chichra A, Jatia S, Sarda H, Paradkar A, Deodhar J, Chinnaswamy G, Banavali S. Psychological distress in primary caregivers of children with cancer during COVID-19 pandemic-A single tertiary care center experience. Psychooncology 2021; 31:253-259. [PMID: 34435720 PMCID: PMC8646668 DOI: 10.1002/pon.5793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Objective Families of children with cancer undergoing treatment during COVID‐19 pandemic represent a vulnerable population for psychological distress and early identification and remedial measures are imperative for wellbeing of both the children and the caregivers. This article reports the results of assessment of psychological distress in primary caregivers of children with cancer undergoing treatment at a tertiary care center. Methods Primary caregivers of children with cancer (≤15 years) taking treatment at our institute during the period of July 2020 to August 2020 were prospectively evaluated for psychological distress using Patient Health Questionnaire‐9 (PHQ‐9) and Generalized Anxiety Disorder‐7 (GAD‐7) tools over a telephonic call. There were 2 cohorts, A and B (50 participants each) depending on whether child was diagnosed with COVID‐19 or not respectively during the study period. Results The assessment tool, PHQ‐9 showed a score of ≥10 in 13% (n = 13) participants (95%CI:7.1%–21.2%) in the entire cohort and in 16% (n = 8, 95%CI:5.8%–26.2%) and 10% (n = 5, 95%CI:1.7%–18.3%) participants in cohort A and cohort B respectively. GAD‐7 showed a score of ≥8 in 18% (n = 18) participants (95%CI:11.0%–27.0%) in the entire cohort and in 20% (n = 10, 95%CI:8.9%–31.1%) and 16% (n = 8, 95%CI:5.8%–26.2%) participants in cohort A and cohort B respectively. All participants were assessed, and supportive psychotherapeutic interventions administered over telephonic call. Conclusions Primary caregivers should be assessed and followed up for psychological distress irrespective of other co‐existing factors. Robust support systems built over time could help withstand the exceptional strain of a major surge during a pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Savita Goswami
- Department of Psycho-Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Mumbai, India
| | - Nirmalya Roy Moulik
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Mumbai, India
| | - Lekhika Sonkusare
- Department of Psycho-Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Mumbai, India
| | - Chetan Dhamne
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Mumbai, India
| | - Gaurav Narula
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Mumbai, India
| | - Tushar Vora
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Mumbai, India
| | - Maya Prasad
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Mumbai, India
| | - Akanksha Chichra
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Mumbai, India
| | - Shalini Jatia
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Mumbai, India
| | - Harshita Sarda
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Mumbai, India
| | - Amey Paradkar
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Mumbai, India
| | - Jayita Deodhar
- Department of Psycho-Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Mumbai, India
| | - Girish Chinnaswamy
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Mumbai, India
| | - Shripad Banavali
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Mumbai, India
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8
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Junkins CC, Kent E, Litzelman K, Bevans M, Cannady RS, Rosenberg AR. Cancer across the ages: a narrative review of caregiver burden for patients of all ages. J Psychosoc Oncol 2020; 38:782-798. [DOI: 10.1080/07347332.2020.1796887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Courtney C. Junkins
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Erin Kent
- Gillings School of Global Public Health, Department of Health Policy and Management, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Kristin Litzelman
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Margaret Bevans
- Office of Research on Women’s Heath, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Rachel S. Cannady
- Cancer Control Department, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Abby R. Rosenberg
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Treuman Katz Center for Pediatric Bioethics, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
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9
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Carreño-Moreno S, Chaparro-Díaz L, Carrillo GM, Gómez-Ramírez OJ. Duelo en el cuidador del niño fallecido por cáncer: revisión exploratoria. DUAZARY 2019. [DOI: 10.21676/2389783x.2755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
El objetivo de esta revisión fue sintetizar el abordaje metodológico de estudio e integrar los hallazgos del proceso de duelo en cuidadores de niños fallecidos por cáncer. Se realizó una revisión exploratoria de literatura de 19 estudios publicados en revistas indexadas entre el 2010 y 2017. Los hallazgos fueron tratados con técnicas de codificación abierta inductiva. Los resultados evidenciaron un abordaje mayormente cualitativo, con participación de padre y madre, con un año entre la muerte del niño y el ingreso al estudio. Los resultados de los estudios revelaron que debido a que el duelo se vive como respuesta a la ruptura física del vínculo con el niño, es a través del trabajo sobre vínculos que el duelo puede superarse. Los vínculos clave son los que se tienen con el niño fallecido, con los hijos vivos, con el cónyuge, con la familia y el equipo de salud. Por lo que se requiere acompañamiento continuo y compasivo al cuidador desde el momento del diagnóstico del niño con cáncer, que permita construir vínculos asertivos. Posterior a la muerte del niño, es necesario mantener la continuidad del cuidado y propender por que el cuidador participe en grupos de apoyo.
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Hopia H, Heino-Tolonen T. Families in Paediatric Oncology Nursing: Critical Incidents From the Nurses' Perspective. J Pediatr Nurs 2019; 44:e28-e35. [PMID: 30528181 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedn.2018.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Paediatric oncology nurses encounter challenges with families on a daily basis. This study explores how nurses describe significant incidents when encountering families and family members during the child's hospitalisation in the paediatric oncology unit. DESIGN AND METHODS A qualitative study with a phenomenological approach in which 17 paediatric oncology nurses from three different hospitals described critical incidents related to families. The participants' written descriptions were analysed using inductive content analysis. RESULTS The results indicate three domains where critical incidents occur: 1) Families' capability and resources, 2) parents' behaviour and 3) emotional labour in paediatric oncology nursing. CONCLUSION The results indicate that paediatric oncology nurses face situations with patients' parents that can cause them stress and uncertainty, as well as burden them emotionally. Some of the incidents dealt with difficult ethical questions. Because of the challenges that families are facing, as described in the study, nurses need to focus more on helping families identify their resources and empower themselves in order to adapt to a new situation in their lives. IMPLICATIONS The results provide important information not only for paediatric nursing but also for education and management. Since the quality of family nursing does not only depend on the competence of nurses or available resources, support from management concerning the work with families of severely sick children would be beneficial to the nurses. In addition, educational interventions need to be developed in order to strengthen the capability of nurses to successfully respond to challenging situations with families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Hopia
- JAMK University of Applied Sciences, School of Health and Social Studies, Jyvaskyla, Finland.
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11
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Boztepe H, Çınar S, Ay A, Kerimoğlu Yıldız G, Kılıç C. Predictors of caregiver burden in mothers of children with leukemia and cerebral palsy. J Psychosoc Oncol 2018; 37:69-78. [PMID: 30422097 DOI: 10.1080/07347332.2018.1489441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Caring for a sick child can lead to considerable burden in the caregiver. Comparative studies of burden in mothers of children with different types of disorders are rare. METHODS We assessed levels of and risk factors for burden in mothers of children with leukemia (n: 70) or with cerebral palsy (CP) (n: 69). Subjects were recruited from two hospitals in Ankara. RESULTS Levels of burden or depression were not different between groups. Burden was predicted by the presence of depression in the mother and severity of illness in both groups. In the leukemia group, mothers reported higher burden if the child was male or younger; no such relationship was observed in the CP group. CONCLUSION Our results show that type of illness has an effect on levels of burden. Mothers of children with leukemia should receive more attention, especially if their child is male or younger, to take preventive measures against burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Handan Boztepe
- a Department of Pediatric Nursing, Faculty of Nursing , Hacettepe University , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Sevil Çınar
- a Department of Pediatric Nursing, Faculty of Nursing , Hacettepe University , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Ayşe Ay
- a Department of Pediatric Nursing, Faculty of Nursing , Hacettepe University , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Gizem Kerimoğlu Yıldız
- b Department of Pediatric Nursing, Florence Nightingale Nursing Faculty , Istanbul University , Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Cengiz Kılıç
- c Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine , Hacettepe University , Ankara , Turkey
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12
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Warner EL, Ellington L, Kirchhoff AC, Cloyes KG. Acquisition of Social Support and Linguistic Characteristics of Social Media Posts About Young Adult Cancer. J Adolesc Young Adult Oncol 2017; 7:196-203. [PMID: 29099664 DOI: 10.1089/jayao.2017.0076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Social media (SM) is a burgeoning source of social support for young adults (YAs). We explored the language used to communicate about YA cancer on Instagram and for indicators of social support (i.e., number of likes and comments). METHODS Instagram posts using #youngadultcancer were randomly selected (N = 50). Text and hashtags were collected, and posts were coded for gender (female and male), treatment status (active treatment and survivorship), type of user (individual and organization), and caregiver status (yes and no). Indicators of social support, valence (e.g., positive vs. negative terms), and lexical content (e.g., emotional terms and pronouns) were measured using Yoshikoder and Linguistic Inquiry Word Count and compared by gender, treatment status, type of user, and caregiver status. RESULTS Survivors' posts had more likes compared to those in active treatment (mean: 54.5 vs. 32.3, p = 0.03). Individuals' posts had more comments than those of organizations (mean: 5.3 vs. 1.2, p = 0.01). More positive (30%) than negative (13%) terms were used by survivors (p < 0.01) and those in active treatment (20% vs. 9%, p = 0.04). Individuals' used more positive than negative language (p < 0.01), whereas organizations used equally positive and negative terms. Survivors used more emotional terms (79.6% vs. 34.9%, p < 0.01) and fewer pronouns (mean: 39.5 vs. 71.7, p = 0.01) than those in active treatment. Organizations (71.0%) used more emotional terms than individuals (55.9%, p = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS We describe how Instagram users communicate about YA cancer and whether the language they use garners social support. Studying online language use may help YA patients, caregivers, and organizations use SM to gain social support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Echo L Warner
- 1 Cancer Control and Population Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute , Salt Lake City, Utah
- 2 College of Nursing, University of Utah , Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Lee Ellington
- 1 Cancer Control and Population Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute , Salt Lake City, Utah
- 2 College of Nursing, University of Utah , Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Anne C Kirchhoff
- 1 Cancer Control and Population Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute , Salt Lake City, Utah
- 3 Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah , Salt Lake City, Utah
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Prevalence and predictors of posttraumatic stress symptoms in parents of children with ongoing treatment for cancer in South China: a multi-centered cross-sectional study. Support Care Cancer 2016; 25:1159-1167. [PMID: 27966022 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-016-3506-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Parents of children with ongoing cancer treatment are exposed to risks of developing posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS), but little is known about the prevalence and predictors of PTSS among Chinese parents of children with cancer. This study aimed to examine the predictors of PTSS, and explored the correlation of depression, resilience, and family functions with severe PTSS. METHODS This cross-sectional survey was conducted from May 2014 to September 2015 among the parents of cancer children treated in four general hospitals in South China. PTSS in the parents were measured using post-traumatic stress checklist-civilian version (PCL-C). Multiple regression analyses were performed to evaluate the predictive values of depression, resilience, family functioning, and the demographic variables for severe PTSS. RESULTS A total of 279 parents (192 mothers and 87 fathers) participated in the survey. Severe PTSS, as defined by a PCL-C score ≥50, were reported in 32.97% (n = 92) of the total participants, 26.44% (23/87) in the fathers and 35.94% (69/192) in the mothers. The level of PTSS was positively correlated with depression (r = 0.782, P < 0.01) and a poor general family function (r = 0.325, P < 0.01) and negatively correlated with resilience (r = -0.236, P < 0.01). Multivariate analyses indicated that depression, general family function, gender, and education level were significant predictive factors of severe PTSS in the overall parents, accounting for 64.2% of the variance in the prediction of PTSS (R 2 = 0.642, F = 122.602, P = 0.000). For the mothers, depression and family function accounted for 66.5% of the variance in the prediction of PTSS (R 2 = 0.665, F = 187.451, P = 0.000); for the fathers, depression and educational level accounted for 58.8% of the variance in the prediction of PTSS (R 2 = 0.588, F = 59.829, P = 0.000). CONCLUSION Parents, especially the mothers, of children with ongoing treatment for cancer are at risk of developing PTSS. Supportive psychological interventions to attenuate the negative emotions of the parents and improve their family functions are important means to promote their natural protective mechanisms to cope with the stressful events.
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