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Keaver L, O'Callaghan N, LaVertu AE, Semple CJ, Hughes CM, Hanna JR, Ryan L. Experiences of cancer patients in receiving dietary advice from healthcare professionals and of healthcare professionals in providing this advice-a systematic review. J Cancer Surviv 2024; 18:1211-1232. [PMID: 36964295 DOI: 10.1007/s11764-023-01359-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This systematic review investigated qualitative and quantitative studies exploring patients and healthcare professionals' (HCP) experience of nutrition care throughout the cancer journey. METHODS Five databases were systematically searched for studies reporting on patient and healthcare professionals' experience of nutrition advice. RESULTS Fifteen studies including 374 patients and 471 healthcare professionals were included. Findings indicate that patients desire more specific nutrition advice supported by members of the multidisciplinary team and delivered in appropriate and understandable language. Healthcare professionals have highlighted a lack of time, funding, dietetic roles, and knowledge as barriers to integrating nutrition as a standard part of cancer care. Five themes were identified (current provision of nutrition advice, optimal provision of nutrition advice, tension between patient values and nutritional or HCP priorities, providing evidence-based nutrition care, and practical barriers to nutrition advice provision). CONCLUSIONS Further work is essential to better understand and address identified barriers and improve the provision of nutrition advice to this population. IMPLICATIONS FOR CANCER SURVIVORS Findings from this review will guide the delivery of nutrition advice for cancer survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Keaver
- Atlantic Technological University, Sligo, Ireland.
| | | | - Amy E LaVertu
- Hirsh Health Sciences Library, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Lisa Ryan
- Atlantic Technological University, Sligo, Ireland
- Atlantic Technological University, Galway, Ireland
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Beichmann B, Henriksen C, Paur I, Paulsen MM. Barriers and facilitators of improved nutritional support for patients newly diagnosed with cancer: a pre-implementation study. BMC Health Serv Res 2024; 24:815. [PMID: 39010098 PMCID: PMC11251100 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-024-11288-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Disease-related malnutrition affects a significant number of patients with cancer and poses a major social problem worldwide. Despite both global and national guidelines to prevent and treat malnutrition, the prevalence is high, ranging from 20 to 70% in all patients with cancer. This study aimed to explore the current practice of nutritional support for patients with cancer at a large university hospital in Norway and to explore potential barriers and facilitators of the intervention in the Green Approach to Improved Nutritional support for patients with cancer (GAIN), prior to implementation in a clinical setting. METHODS The study used individual interviews and a focus group discussion to collect data. Study participants included different healthcare professionals and patients with cancer treated at a nutrition outpatient clinic. The Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) was used to guide the thematic data analysis. RESULTS Barriers connected to the current nutritional support were limited resources and undefined roles concerning responsibility for providing nutritional support among healthcare professionals. Facilitators included a desire for change regarding the current nutritional practice. The GAIN intervention was perceived as feasible for patients and healthcare professionals. Potential barriers included limited knowledge of technology, lack of motivation among patients, and a potential added burden experienced by the participating patients. CONCLUSIONS The identification of the potential barriers and facilitators of the current nutritional support to patients with cancer will be used to plan the implementation of improved nutritional support in a randomized controlled trial for patients with cancer prior to clinical implementation. The current findings may be of value to others trying to implement either or both nutritional support and digital application tools in a clinical healthcare setting. TRIAL REGISTRATION The study was registered in the National Institutes of Health Clinical trials 08/09/22. The identification code is NCT05544318.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedicte Beichmann
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1110, Blindern, Oslo, 0317, Norway.
- Section for Clinical Nutrition, Department of Clinical Services, Division of Cancer Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Christine Henriksen
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1110, Blindern, Oslo, 0317, Norway
| | - Ingvild Paur
- Norwegian Advisory Unit on Disease-Related Undernutrition, Oslo, Norway
- Section for Clinical Nutrition, Department of Clinical Services, Division of Cancer Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Mari Mohn Paulsen
- Department of Food Safety, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
- Centre for Sustainable Diets, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
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Rothpletz-Puglia P, Smith J, Pavuk C, Leotta J, Pike K, Presley CJ, Krok-Schoen JL, Braun A, Cohen MK, Rogers GT, Chui KKH, Zhang FF, Spees CK. A theoretical explanation for how a nutrition counseling and medically tailored meal delivery program benefitted participants living with lung cancer. Support Care Cancer 2024; 32:428. [PMID: 38869623 PMCID: PMC11176247 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-024-08616-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to assess participants' perceptions and experiences while participating in a Food is Medicine medically tailored meal plus intensive nutrition counseling intervention to create a theoretical explanation about how the intervention worked. METHODS This interpretive qualitative study included the use of semi-structured interviews with active participants in a randomized controlled trial aimed at understanding how a medically tailored meal plus nutrition counseling intervention worked for vulnerable individuals with lung cancer treated at four cancer centers across the USA. During the 8-month long study, participants in the intervention arm were asked to be interviewed, which were recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed using conventional content analysis with principles of grounded theory. RESULTS Twenty individuals participated. Data analysis resulted in a theoretical explanation of the intervention's mechanism of action. The explanatory process includes three linked and propositional categories leading to patient resilience: engaging in treatment, adjusting to diagnosis, and active coping. The medically tailored meals plus nutrition counseling engaged participants throughout treatment, which helped participants adjust to their diagnosis, leading to active coping through intentional self-care, behavior change, and improved quality of life. CONCLUSIONS These findings provide evidence that a Food is Medicine intervention may buffer some of the adversity related to the diagnosis of lung cancer and create a pathway for participants to experience post-traumatic growth, develop resilience, and change behaviors to actively cope with lung cancer. Medically tailored meals plus intensive nutrition counseling informed by motivational interviewing supported individuals' adjustment to their diagnosis and resulted in perceived positive behavior change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Rothpletz-Puglia
- Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, School of Health Professions, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Jade Smith
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Division of Medical Dietetics, The Ohio State University, College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Chloe Pavuk
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Division of Medical Dietetics, The Ohio State University, College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Jana Leotta
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Division of Medical Dietetics, The Ohio State University, College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Kimberli Pike
- Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, School of Health Professions, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Carolyn J Presley
- The James Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Jessica L Krok-Schoen
- The James Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Division of Health Sciences, The Ohio State University, College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Ashlea Braun
- TSET Health Promotion Research Center, Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences, Tulsa, OK, USA
| | - Mary Kathryn Cohen
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gail T Rogers
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kenneth Kwan Ho Chui
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Fang Fang Zhang
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Colleen K Spees
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Division of Medical Dietetics, The Ohio State University, College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA.
- The James Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA.
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Rothpletz-Puglia P, Smith J, Pavuk C, Leotta J, Pike K, Presley CJ, Krok-Schoen J, Braun A, Cohen MK, Rogers GT, Kwan HKC, Zhang FF, Spees C. How a Medically Tailored Meal Intervention with Intensive Nutrition Counseling Created Active Coping with Behavior Change for Vulnerable Patients with Lung Cancer. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-3915333. [PMID: 38352464 PMCID: PMC10862975 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3915333/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this study was to assess participants' perceptions and experiences while participating in a Food is Medicine medically tailored meal plus nutrition counseling intervention to create a theoretical explanation about how the intervention worked. Methods This interpretive qualitative study included the use of semi-structured interviews with active intervention participants. Purposeful sampling included vulnerable (uninsured, rural zip code residency, racial/ethnic minority, 65 years old, and/or low-income) individuals with lung cancer treated at four cancer centers across the United States. Interviews were recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed using conventional content analysis with principles of grounded theory. Results Twenty individuals participated. Data analysis resulted in a theoretical explanation of the intervention's mechanism of action. The explanatory process includes 3 linked and propositional categories leading to patient resilience: engaging in treatment, adjusting to diagnosis, and active coping. The medically tailored meals plus intensive nutrition counseling engaged participants throughout treatment, which helped participants adjust to their diagnosis, leading to active coping through intentional self-care, behavior change, and improved quality of life. Conclusions These findings provide evidence that a food is medicine intervention may buffer some of the adversity related to the diagnosis of lung cancer and create a pathway for participants to experience post-traumatic growth, develop resilience, and change behaviors to actively cope with lung cancer. Medically tailored meals plus intensive nutrition counseling informed by motivational interviewing supported individuals' adjustment to their diagnosis and resulted in perceived positive behavior change.
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Fuhse K. [Weight, nutrition, quality of life-Perspective of oncological patients]. INNERE MEDIZIN (HEIDELBERG, GERMANY) 2023:10.1007/s00108-023-01528-8. [PMID: 37221380 DOI: 10.1007/s00108-023-01528-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Nutrition is associated with pleasure and quality of life. The majority of oncological patients experience tumor-associated and treatment-associated nutrition-related symptoms and malnutrition. Consequently, the perception of nutrition during the course of the disease is increasingly more characterized by negative associations, which may persist for years after the end of treatment. This leads to a decreased quality of life, social isolation and a burden for relatives. In contrast, weight loss is initially positively perceived, especially by patients who previously perceived themselves as being overweight, until malnutrition becomes evident and leads to a decreased quality of life. Nutritional counseling can prevent weight loss, relieve adverse side effects, improve the quality of life and reduce mortality. Patients are not aware of this and the German healthcare system lacks structured and firmly established access pathways to nutritional counseling. Therefore, oncological patients need to be informed about the consequences of weight loss at an early stage and low-threshold access to nutritional counseling needs to be comprehensively implemented. Thus, malnutrition can be recognized and treated at an early stage and nutrition can contribute to a higher quality of life as a positively perceived daily activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Fuhse
- Klinikum Bremen Mitte, Medizinische Klinik II, St.-Jürgen-Str. 1, 28205, Bremen, Deutschland.
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van Hof KS, Hoesseini A, Dorr MC, Verdonck-de Leeuw IM, Jansen F, Leemans CR, Takes RP, Terhaard CHJ, de Jong RJB, Sewnaik A, Offerman MPJ. Unmet supportive care needs among informal caregivers of patients with head and neck cancer in the first 2 years after diagnosis and treatment: a prospective cohort study. Support Care Cancer 2023; 31:262. [PMID: 37052712 PMCID: PMC10101897 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-023-07670-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Informal caregivers of head and neck cancer (HNC) patients have a high caregiver burden and often face complex practical caregiving tasks. This may result in unmet supportive care needs, which can impact their quality of life (QoL) and cause psychological distress. In this study, we identify caregivers' unmet needs during long-term follow-up and identify caregivers prone to unmet supportive care needs. METHODS Data were used from the multicenter prospective cohort study NETherlands QUality of life and Biomedical cohort studies In Cancer (NET-QUBIC). The unmet supportive care needs, psychological distress, caregiver burden, and QoL were measured for 234 informal caregivers and their related patients at baseline, 3, 6, 12, and 24 months after. Mixed effect models for repeated measurements were used. RESULTS At baseline, most caregivers (70.3%) reported at least one unmet supportive care need, with most of the identified needs in the "healthcare & illness" domain. During the follow-up period, caregivers' unmet needs decreased significantly in all domains. Nevertheless, 2 years after treatment, 28.3% were still reporting at least one unmet need. Financial problems were increasingly associated with unmet needs over time. Furthermore, caring for a patient who themselves had many unmet needs, an advanced tumor stage, or severe comorbidity was associated with significantly more unmet needs in caregivers. CONCLUSIONS The current study shows the strong likelihood of caregivers of HNC patients facing unmet supportive care needs and the interaction between the needs of patients and caregivers. It is important to optimally support informal caregivers by involving them from the start when counseling patients, by providing them with relevant and understandable information, and by referring vulnerable caregivers for (psychosocial) support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kira S van Hof
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Dr. Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Arta Hoesseini
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Dr. Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten C Dorr
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Dr. Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Irma M Verdonck-de Leeuw
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Amsterdam UMC, Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Treatment and Quality of Life, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department Clinical, Neuro and Developmental Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Van Der Boechorststraat 7-9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health, Mental Health, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Femke Jansen
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Amsterdam UMC, Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department Clinical, Neuro and Developmental Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Van Der Boechorststraat 7-9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - C Réne Leemans
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Amsterdam UMC, Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Robert P Takes
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Chris H J Terhaard
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Robert J Baatenburg de Jong
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Dr. Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Aniel Sewnaik
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Dr. Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marinella P J Offerman
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Dr. Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Bernstein RT, Garner-Purkis A, Gallagher JE, Newland-Pedley, Scambler S. A systematic review of social impacts of treatment and rehabilitation of head and neck cancer patients. ADVANCES IN ORAL AND MAXILLOFACIAL SURGERY 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.adoms.2023.100409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
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Milliron BJ, Klobodu C, Deutsch J, Martyn K, Dychtwald D, Riahi E, Carro S, Hisek T, Darcy N, Klassen AC. "Keep Your Chin Up, and Keep Eating": Perceptions of Barriers and Facilitators to Healthful Dietary Behaviors Among Individuals With Gastrointestinal Cancer and Caregivers. Cancer Control 2023; 30:10732748231208316. [PMID: 37914716 PMCID: PMC10623986 DOI: 10.1177/10732748231208316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study explored perceptions of barriers and facilitators to healthful dietary behaviors among patients with gastrointestinal (GI) cancer and their caregivers, including caregiver preparedness, patient and caregiver self-efficacy for symptom management, and other environmental, social, and familial factors that may serve as barriers and facilitators to healthful eating. METHODS Using a concurrent mixed methods cross-sectional study design, individuals with GI cancer receiving outpatient chemotherapy and their caregivers completed surveys, dietary assessments, and interviews. Caregiving preparedness, self-efficacy for symptom management, and dietary intake were assessed using validated instruments. Dietary quality was measured using the Healthy Eating Index (HEI)-2020. In-depth interviews explored barriers and facilitators to healthful eating, symptom management, and caregiver preparedness. RESULTS Twenty-seven patient-caregiver dyads completed study activities (N = 54). Dietary quality scores ranged from 26 to 81, with a median score of 43 for patients and 42 for caregivers. Thematic analysis identified three barriers to healthful eating: caregiver self-efficacy and preparedness, caregiver needs are neglected, and nutrition as a source of conflict. Overall self-efficacy scores (Mdn, [IQR]) were 69.1 (45.0) for caregivers and 75.6 (34.1) for patients. Caregiver preparedness score was 2.99 ± .87; problem areas were identified, including addressing emotional needs, fluctuating eating habits, advanced disease progression and making care activities pleasant. Despite the challenges, three main facilitators were identified: increased awareness and value of nutrition, influential others, and positive coping. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest the importance of developing interventions that increase nutrition-related preparedness among caregivers and self-efficacy for managing treatment side effects. Future research should continue to explore the relationship between positive coping and dietary behaviors. While engaging patients and caregivers together during dietary interventions is a promising modality, strategies for maintaining personal nutrition-related goals when facing contrasting priorities between patients and caregivers should be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandy-Joe Milliron
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, College of Nursing and Health Professions, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Cynthia Klobodu
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, College of Nursing and Health Professions, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jonathan Deutsch
- Department of Food and Hospitality Management, College of Nursing and Health Professions, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Karon Martyn
- Asplundh Cancer Pavilion, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Jefferson Health, Willow Grove, PA, USA
| | - Dan Dychtwald
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, College of Nursing and Health Professions, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Emily Riahi
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, College of Nursing and Health Professions, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Shawn Carro
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, College of Nursing and Health Professions, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Taylor Hisek
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, College of Nursing and Health Professions, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Natalie Darcy
- Asplundh Cancer Pavilion, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Jefferson Health, Willow Grove, PA, USA
| | - Ann C Klassen
- Department of Community Health and Prevention, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Edwards A, Brown T, Hughes BGM, Bauer J. The changing face of head and neck cancer: are patients with human papillomavirus-positive disease at greater nutritional risk? A systematic review. Support Care Cancer 2022; 30:7191-7204. [PMID: 35477809 PMCID: PMC9385807 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-022-07056-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Human papillomavirus (HPV) is now the primary cause of oropharyngeal head and neck cancer (OPC) worldwide; yet limited research has examined the effect of HPV-positive status (OPC+) on nutrition outcomes. This study aims to determine the impact of HPV status on nutritional outcomes for adult patients with OPC undergoing any treatment modality. METHODS A systematic literature review was conducted up to and including July 2021 of PubMed, Embase, CENTRAL, CINAHL, and Web of Science to identify studies conducted in adults (>18 years) with known OPC reporting on any outcome(s) related to nutrition, according to HPV status (OPC+ versus OPC-). Bias was assessed using QUIPS tool, with certainty of evidence assessed using GRADE system. RESULTS Six studies (total n = 635) all at moderate-high risk of bias were included. Three studies reported on weight change (n = 255), three feeding tube dependency (n = 380), three feeding tube timing of placement (prophylactic or reactive) and/or utilisation (n = 255), two nutritional (energy and/or protein) intake (n = 230), and one nutritional status (n = 83). Patients with OPC+ may experience greater weight loss, may have higher utilisation of reactive feeding tubes (both GRADE low certainty, downgraded due to serious bias and imprecision), and may have lower feeding tube dependency rates (GRADE low certainty, downgraded due to serious bias and inconsistency) versus OPC- . It is uncertain whether nutritional intake and nutritional status differed between populations (GRADE very low certainty, downgraded due to serious bias and very serious imprecision). CONCLUSION Further, high-quality research is needed to understand optimal nutritional care practices for patients with OPC + to achieve positive health outcomes into survivorship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Edwards
- School of Human Movements and Nutrition Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
- Nutrition & Dietetics, Toowoomba Hospital, Darling Downs Health, Toowoomba, QLD, Australia.
- Nutrition & Dietetics, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Metro North Hospital and Health Service, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
| | - Teresa Brown
- School of Human Movements and Nutrition Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Nutrition & Dietetics, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Metro North Hospital and Health Service, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Brett G M Hughes
- Cancer Care Services, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Metro North Hospital and Health Service, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Judy Bauer
- School of Human Movements and Nutrition Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Nutrition, Dietetics & Food, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash Health, Monash University, Victoria, Australia
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10
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Sheldrick H, Houghton L, Fleming C, Crane J. An integrated care systems model approach for speech and language therapy head and neck cancer services in England: service development and re-design in Cheshire and Merseyside. Curr Opin Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2022; 30:177-181. [PMID: 35635112 DOI: 10.1097/moo.0000000000000800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The incidence of head and neck cancer (HNC) is increasing globally and changes in treatment mean that patients are living longer with the condition. It is recognised that while there have been improvements at the diagnostic phase of the pathway, follow-up and on-going care can be fragmented and inequitable. Integrated care models (ICMs) are acknowledged as beneficial. The National Health Service in England is moving to a model whereby services are being re-organised to integrated care systems. This paper reviews the literature and discusses potential models of care to enhance speech and language therapy (SLT) provision for patients with HNC in line with the emerging ICS. RECENT FINDINGS The COVID-19 pandemic has provided an opportunity to review service provision and SLT teams quickly adapted to offering remote support. Discussions are currently on-going to explore the potential for patient initiated follow-up via the PETNECK 2 trial and the Buurtzorg 'neighbourhood model' holds promise. SUMMARY ICMs put the patient at the centre of care and have reported benefits for experience of care and clinical outcomes. Navigating organisational structures is complex. The Buurtzorg model provides a practical and theoretical framework to support organisational change.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Julie Crane
- Sohool of Health Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
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Weaver R, O'Connor M, Golding RM, Gibson C, White R, Jackson M, Langbecker D, Bosco AM, Tan M, Halkett GKB. "My life's not my own": A qualitative study into the expectations of head and neck cancer carers. Support Care Cancer 2022; 30:4073-4080. [PMID: 35066666 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-021-06761-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cancers that originate from the upper aerodigestive tract are collectively known as head and neck cancer. The most common are squamous cell carcinomas of the oropharynx, larynx, and oral cavity. Head and neck cancer patients experience significant physical and psychological changes because of the disease and treatment. There is a substantial strain on family carers who have extensive responsibilities over most aspects of the patient's life. The aim of the study was to understand the perspectives of being an HNC carer and their perceived expectations of the role. METHODS The study adopted a qualitative research design with a social constructionist epistemology. Interviews were conducted with 20 carers who were currently caring for someone diagnosed with head and neck cancer. RESULTS Three overarching themes were identified: taking responsibility for the patient's nutrition, navigating a new and different relationship, and "my life's not my own." Participants felt responsible for ensuring the patient was eating and became increasingly frustrated when the patient was unable to intake food. Carers prioritised the patients' needs at the expense of their own, and several came to resent the role. CONCLUSION Carers' expectations of their role informed how they approached giving care. Carers need to be supported from diagnosis and encouraged to prioritise their own wellbeing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhys Weaver
- Curtin School of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, WA, 6845, Australia
| | - Moira O'Connor
- WA Cancer Prevention Research Unit, School of Population Health, Discipline of Psychology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA, 6845, Australia
| | - Raelee M Golding
- Curtin School of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, WA, 6845, Australia
| | - Chandrika Gibson
- Curtin School of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, WA, 6845, Australia
| | - Rohen White
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Melanie Jackson
- GenesisCare Perth Radiation Oncology, Wembley, WA, Australia
| | - Danette Langbecker
- Centre for Online Health, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia
| | - Anna Maria Bosco
- Curtin School of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, WA, 6845, Australia
| | - Maureen Tan
- WA Cancer Prevention Research Unit, School of Population Health, Discipline of Psychology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA, 6845, Australia
| | - Georgia K B Halkett
- Curtin School of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, WA, 6845, Australia.
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Milliron BJ, Packel L, Dychtwald D, Klobodu C, Pontiggia L, Ogbogu O, Barksdale B, Deutsch J. When Eating Becomes Torturous: Understanding Nutrition-Related Cancer Treatment Side Effects among Individuals with Cancer and Their Caregivers. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14020356. [PMID: 35057538 PMCID: PMC8781744 DOI: 10.3390/nu14020356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Individuals living with cancer often experience multiple nutrition-related side effects from cancer treatment, including changes in taste and smell, nausea, diarrhea, loss of appetite, and pain during eating. These side effects can profoundly impact nutritional status and quality of life. The purpose of this study was to explore experiences with nutrition-related cancer treatment side effects among cancer patients and their family caregivers, the way they manage such side effects, and the resulting changes in food preferences and behaviors. Structured surveys and in-depth interviews were conducted. Interviews focused on the presence and management of treatment side effects, how those changes influenced food preferences, and the extent to which they interfered with quality of life. Most patients (72%) reported treatment side effects; 61% reported that these side effects impacted their eating and drinking. Common side effects included fatigue (58%), dry mouth (30%), nausea (24%), constipation (20%) and diarrhea (20%). Six overarching qualitative themes were identified: Spiral of side effects; Pain of eating; Burden of eating; Loss of taste/change in taste; Symptom management; and Solutions. The authors conclude with implications for food and nutrition practice—moving beyond traditional recommendations of what to eat or avoid—to consider the overall patient and caregiver experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandy-Joe Milliron
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, College of Nursing and Health Professions, Drexel University, 1601 Cherry Street, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA; (D.D.); (C.K.)
- Department of Food and Hospitality Management, College of Nursing and Health Professions, Drexel University, 3141 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA;
- Correspondence:
| | - Lora Packel
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of the Sciences, 600 S. 43rd Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA;
| | - Dan Dychtwald
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, College of Nursing and Health Professions, Drexel University, 1601 Cherry Street, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA; (D.D.); (C.K.)
| | - Cynthia Klobodu
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, College of Nursing and Health Professions, Drexel University, 1601 Cherry Street, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA; (D.D.); (C.K.)
| | - Laura Pontiggia
- Institute of Emerging Health Professions, Thomas Jefferson University, 901 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA;
| | - Ochi Ogbogu
- AstraZeneca Hope Lodge of the American Cancer Society, 110 W Laurel Ave., Cheltenham, PA 19012, USA; (O.O.); (B.B.)
| | - Byron Barksdale
- AstraZeneca Hope Lodge of the American Cancer Society, 110 W Laurel Ave., Cheltenham, PA 19012, USA; (O.O.); (B.B.)
| | - Jonathan Deutsch
- Department of Food and Hospitality Management, College of Nursing and Health Professions, Drexel University, 3141 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA;
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13
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Hiatt JS, Young A, Brown TE, Banks M, Bauer J. Patient and carer experience of nutrition care throughout and beyond treatment for head and neck cancer: a qualitative longitudinal study. Support Care Cancer 2021; 30:813-824. [PMID: 34390400 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-021-06484-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Nutrition care plays a critical role in optimising outcomes for patients receiving treatment for head and neck cancer (HNC), with carers playing an important role in supporting patients to maintain nutrition intake. This study explores patient and carer experience of nutrition care from diagnosis of HNC to 1 year post treatment completion to identify areas for improvement of service delivery. A longitudinal qualitative study design was used with a heterogeneous sample of 20 patients and 15 carers of patients undergoing curative intent treatment for HNC. Interviews conducted at four time points provided a total of 117 interview datasets that were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis based on Gadamerian hermeneutic inquiry. Patient and carer experiences were reflected in two primary themes: (1) the battle to maintain control and (2) navigating the road ahead. This research identifies the need to co-design strategies to improve nutrition care that is inclusive of patients and carers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne S Hiatt
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia. .,Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Level 2, Dr James Mayne Building, Butterfield Street, Herston, QLD, 4029, Australia.
| | - Adrienne Young
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia.,Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Level 2, Dr James Mayne Building, Butterfield Street, Herston, QLD, 4029, Australia
| | - Teresa E Brown
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia.,Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Level 2, Dr James Mayne Building, Butterfield Street, Herston, QLD, 4029, Australia
| | - Merrilyn Banks
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia.,Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Level 2, Dr James Mayne Building, Butterfield Street, Herston, QLD, 4029, Australia
| | - Judith Bauer
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia
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14
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Findlay M, Bauer J, Shaw T, White K, Lai M, Rankin NM. "There's a lot of talent in the room but it's only really the medical talent that gets heard": a qualitative exploration of multidisciplinary clinicians' perspectives of optimal nutrition care of patients with head and neck cancer. Support Care Cancer 2021; 29:6399-6409. [PMID: 33890164 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-021-06162-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The high prevalence of malnutrition in patients with head and neck cancer (HNC) negatively impacts outcomes. The best-available evidence has been published in clinical nutrition guidelines; however, translation into practice has lagged. AIM This project aimed to explore multidisciplinary team (MDT) clinicians' perspectives regarding barriers and enablers to best-practice nutrition care in order to inform the design of a new model of care. METHOD Qualitative interviews were conducted with clinicians who were purposively sampled from a major HNC tertiary referral centre in Sydney, Australia. To elicit information regarding barriers and facilitators to change, a semi-structured interview schedule was developed, interviews were transcribed verbatim and analyzed employing an inductive thematic approach. The Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) was used to guide data analysis and interpretation of key themes identified. RESULTS Nineteen participants (11 supportive care and eight medical clinicians) representing allied health, medical, and nursing disciplines participated. Five key themes were identified: (1) acknowledgement of dietetics expertise and access to resources to deliver nutrition care; (2) proactive versus reactive nutrition care; (3) integrated and coordinated care-"The One Stop Shop"; (4) MDT favours the medical model; and (5) leadership-within disciplines, within the MDT. CONCLUSIONS MDT clinicians expressed similar views regarding delivering optimal nutrition care to this high nutritional risk patient group. However, perspectives differed at times between medical and supportive care clinicians, attributable to perceptions that current service structure favours the medical model. In order to design and deliver an evidence-based model of care, specific strategies will be required to ensure: early and ongoing access to expert nutrition care; nutrition care processes are proactive; integrated and coordinated care; and leadership, both intra- and inter-disciplinary. This novel exploration of MDT clinicians' views provides supporting evidence that multi-component implementation strategies comprising individual, team and system-level approaches will be essential to leverage sustainable change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merran Findlay
- Cancer Services, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, New South Wales, Australia. .,Chris O´Brien Lifehouse, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia. .,Sydney Catalyst Translational Cancer Research Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
| | - Judith Bauer
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Tim Shaw
- Sydney Catalyst Translational Cancer Research Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Research in Implementation Science and eHealth, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Kathryn White
- Cancer Services, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, New South Wales, Australia.,Sydney Catalyst Translational Cancer Research Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Cancer Nursing Research Unit, Susan Wakil School of Nursing and Midwifery, Sydney Nursing School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Michelle Lai
- Cancer Nursing Research Unit, Susan Wakil School of Nursing and Midwifery, Sydney Nursing School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Nicole M Rankin
- Sydney Catalyst Translational Cancer Research Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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15
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Patient and carer experiences of nutrition in cancer care: a mixed-methods study. Support Care Cancer 2021; 29:5475-5485. [PMID: 33710413 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-021-06111-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Evidence-based guidelines exist to guide health professionals and services about cancer nutrition care; however, the views of cancer patients and carers are not well understood. This study aimed to understand the experience and needs of cancer patients and carers regarding nutrition care across the care continuum. METHODS Using a mixed-methods approach, cancer patients and carers completed a cross-sectional online survey and focus groups. Participants were recruited through health services and cancer organisation consumer networks via email distribution lists, e-newsletters, and social media. Focus groups were audio-recorded, transcribed, and analysed using content analysis. RESULTS Of 165 survey respondents, only 51% (n=84) reported they talked to a health professional about their nutrition care at any time-point, and only 32% with a dietitian. The majority (84%) of patients and carers felt nutrition was important at one or more time-points in their cancer path, indicating during and after cancer treatment the most important. However, perceived support from health professionals for nutrition care was deemed low at all time-points. Five focus groups were held (n=20; 16 patients, 2 carers, 2 both patients/carers) and five themes emerged: nutrition information, experiences and need; control over diet and nutrition; importance and value of nutrition; access to support; what optimal nutrition care looks like. CONCLUSION Patients and carers felt nutrition was important during their cancer path, but perceived support from health professionals for nutrition care was low. This study has highlighted patient and carer nutrition experiences that will inform development of a co-designed optimal cancer nutrition care pathway.
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16
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Huang BS, Chung CF, Chang YL, Lee LY, Peng HL, Chen SC. Body mass index and self-care behaviors related to oral health-related quality of life in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma within three months posttreatment. Support Care Cancer 2020; 29:2239-2248. [PMID: 32910290 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-020-05737-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Oral dysfunction is a common adverse event of treatment and may affect oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL). This study aimed to identify factors associated with OHRQoL in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) within the first three months posttreatment. METHODS This cross-sectional study examined OSCC patients who received treatment from the outpatient radiation department of a single cancer center in northern Taiwan. Demographic and clinical characteristics were recorded, and patients were assessed using the Self-Care Behaviors Scale (SCB), Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP), and Karnofsky Performance Status (KPS) questionnaires. RESULTS Among 148 OSCC patients, 11.5% reported being underweight and 70.3% reported normal weight. The most common self-care factors associated with adverse effects were decreased appetite and fatigue. Psychological disability, functional limitation, and physical pain were the most negative OHRQoL factors. Poor OHRQoL was associated with more severe adverse effects after self-care behaviors, using feeding tubes during treatment, and having BMI less than 25, which together explained 33.5% of the variance in OHRQoL. CONCLUSIONS The severity of adverse effects after self-care behaviors and using feeding tubes during treatment strongly influenced overall OHRQoL and seven specific dimensions of OHRQoL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing-Shen Huang
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Proton and Radiation Therapy Center, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Fang Chung
- Department of Nursing, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Lan Chang
- Department of Nursing, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Li-Yun Lee
- Department of Nursing, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Da-Yeh University, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Hsi-Ling Peng
- Department of Nursing, Oriental Institute of Technology, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Ching Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Proton and Radiation Therapy Center, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan. .,School of Nursing and Geriatric and Long-Term Care Research Center, College of Nursing, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, 261, Wen-Hua 1st Road, Kweishan, Taoyuan, 333, Taiwan. .,School of Nursing, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
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17
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Findlay M, Rankin NM, Shaw T, White K, Boyer M, Milross C, De Abreu Lourenço R, Brown C, Collett G, Beale P, Bauer JD. Best Evidence to Best Practice: Implementing an Innovative Model of Nutrition Care for Patients with Head and Neck Cancer Improves Outcomes. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12051465. [PMID: 32438607 PMCID: PMC7284331 DOI: 10.3390/nu12051465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Malnutrition is prevalent in patients with head and neck cancer (HNC), impacting outcomes. Despite publication of nutrition care evidence-based guidelines (EBGs), evidence–practice gaps exist. This study aimed to implement and evaluate the integration of a patient-centred, best-practice dietetic model of care into an HNC multidisciplinary team (MDT) to minimise the detrimental sequelae of malnutrition. A mixed-methods, pre–post study design was used to deliver key interventions underpinned by evidence-based implementation strategies to address identified barriers and facilitators to change at individual, team and system levels. A data audit of medical records established baseline adherence to EBGs and clinical parameters prior to implementation in a prospective cohort. Key interventions included a weekly Supportive Care-Led Pre-Treatment Clinic and a Nutrition Care Dashboard highlighting nutrition outcome data integrated into MDT meetings. Focus groups provided team-level evaluation of the new model of care. Economic analysis determined system-level impact. The baseline clinical audit (n = 98) revealed barriers including reactive nutrition care, lack of familiarity with EBGs or awareness of intensive nutrition care needs as well as infrastructure and dietetic resource limitations. Post-implementation data (n = 34) demonstrated improved process and clinical outcomes: pre-treatment dietitian assessment; use of a validated nutrition assessment tool before, during and after treatment. Patients receiving the new model of care were significantly more likely to complete prescribed radiotherapy and systemic therapy. Differences in mean percentage weight change were clinically relevant. At the system level, the new model of care avoided 3.92 unplanned admissions and related costs of $AUD121K per annum. Focus groups confirmed clear support at the multidisciplinary team level for continuing the new model of care. Implementing an evidence-based nutrition model of care in patients with HNC is feasible and can improve outcomes. Benefits of this model of care may be transferrable to other patient groups within cancer settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merran Findlay
- Cancer Services, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia;
- Chris O’Brien Lifehouse, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia; (M.B.); (C.M.)
- Sydney Catalyst Translational Cancer Research Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia; (N.M.R.); (T.S.); (K.W.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-(0)411-779-420
| | - Nicole M. Rankin
- Sydney Catalyst Translational Cancer Research Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia; (N.M.R.); (T.S.); (K.W.)
- Research in Implementation Science and eHealth, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Tim Shaw
- Sydney Catalyst Translational Cancer Research Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia; (N.M.R.); (T.S.); (K.W.)
- Research in Implementation Science and eHealth, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Kathryn White
- Sydney Catalyst Translational Cancer Research Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia; (N.M.R.); (T.S.); (K.W.)
- Cancer Nursing Research Unit, Susan Wakil School of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia;
| | - Michael Boyer
- Chris O’Brien Lifehouse, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia; (M.B.); (C.M.)
- Sydney Catalyst Translational Cancer Research Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia; (N.M.R.); (T.S.); (K.W.)
| | - Christopher Milross
- Chris O’Brien Lifehouse, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia; (M.B.); (C.M.)
- Sydney Catalyst Translational Cancer Research Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia; (N.M.R.); (T.S.); (K.W.)
| | - Richard De Abreu Lourenço
- Centre for Health Economics Research and Evaluation, University of Technology Sydney, Haymarket, NSW 2000, Australia;
| | - Chris Brown
- National Health and Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia;
| | - Gemma Collett
- Cancer Nursing Research Unit, Susan Wakil School of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia;
| | - Philip Beale
- Cancer Services, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia;
- Sydney Catalyst Translational Cancer Research Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia; (N.M.R.); (T.S.); (K.W.)
| | - Judith D. Bauer
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia;
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