1
|
Zhang H, Han J, Zhang J, Miao J, Li F, Tang K, Zhou K, Duan B, Li W, Cheng J, Sun Y, Hou N, Huang C. Venlafaxine antagonizes the noradrenaline-promoted colon cancer progression by inhibiting the norepinephrine transporter. Cell Death Discov 2023; 9:152. [PMID: 37156838 PMCID: PMC10167232 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-023-01447-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have demonstrated that the use of antidepressants is associated with a decreased risk of colorectal cancer (CRC); however, the mechanisms behind this association are yet unknown. Adrenergic system contributes to the stress-related tumor progression, with norepinephrine (NE) mainly secreted from adrenergic nerve fibers. Norepinephrine serotonin reuptake inhibitors are successfully used antidepressants. This study demonstrates that a widely used antidepressant venlafaxine (VEN) antagonizes NE-promoted colon cancer in vivo and in vitro. Bioinformatic analysis suggested that NE transporter (NET, SLC6A2), a target of VEN, was closely associated with the prognosis of clinical patients with CRC. In addition, the knockdown of NET antagonized the effect of NE. The NET-protein phosphatase 2 scaffold subunit alpha/phosphorylated Akt/vascular endothelial growth factor pathway partially mediates the antagonizing effect of VEN on NE's actions in colon cancer cells. These were also confirmed by in vivo experiments. Our findings revealed for the first time that, in addition to its primary function as a transporter, NET also promotes NE-enhanced colon cancer cell proliferation, tumor angiogenesis, and tumor growth. This provides direct experimental and mechanistic evidence for the use of antidepressant VEN in the treatment of CRC and a therapeutic potential for repurposing existing drugs as an anti-cancer approach to improve the prognosis of patients with CRC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huahua Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, 710061, China
- Medical Research and Experimental Center, Medical College, Yan'an University, Yan'an, 716000, China
| | - Jiming Han
- Medical Research and Experimental Center, Medical College, Yan'an University, Yan'an, 716000, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Medical Research and Experimental Center, Medical College, Yan'an University, Yan'an, 716000, China
| | - Jiyu Miao
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, 710061, China
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xian Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, China
| | - Fang Li
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Kaijie Tang
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Kai Zhou
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Baojun Duan
- Department of Medical Oncology of Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, 710068, China
| | - Wen Li
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Jing Cheng
- 3201 Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Hanzhong, 723000, China
| | - Ying Sun
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Ni Hou
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, 710061, China.
- Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China.
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education of China, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China.
| | - Chen Huang
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, 710061, China.
- Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China.
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education of China, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Impact of the Tumor Microenvironment for Esophageal Tumor Development—An Opportunity for Prevention? Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14092246. [PMID: 35565378 PMCID: PMC9100503 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14092246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Researchers increasingly appreciate the tumor microenvironment (TME) for its role in the development and therapy resistance of cancers like esophageal adenocarcinoma. A better understanding of the TME fueling carcinogenesis is necessary for tailored prevention and therapies. Here, we highlight recent insights into tumor initiation, interactions with the immune system and possible novel preventative measures. Abstract Despite therapeutical advancements, and in contrast to other malignancies, esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) prognosis remains dismal while the incidence has markedly increased worldwide over the past decades. EAC is a malignancy of the distal esophageal squamous epithelium at the squamocolumnar junction with gastric cells expanding into the esophagus. Most EAC patients have a history of Barret’s esophagus (BE), a metaplastic adaption to chronic reflux, initially causing an inflammatory microenvironment. Thus, the immune system is highly involved early on in disease development and progression. Normally, anti-tumor immunity could prevent carcinogenesis but in rare cases BE still progresses over a dysplastic intermediate state to EAC. The inflammatory milieu during the initial esophagitis phase changes to a tolerogenic immune environment in BE, and back to pro-inflammatory conditions in dysplasia and finally to an immune-suppressive tumor microenvironment in EAC. Consequently, there is a huge interest in understanding the underpinnings that lead to the inflammation driven stepwise progression of the disease. Since knowledge about the constellations of the various involved cells and signaling molecules is currently fragmentary, a comprehensive description of these changes is needed, allowing better preventative measures, diagnosis, and novel therapeutic targets.
Collapse
|
3
|
Tauriello DVF, Calon A, Lonardo E, Batlle E. Determinants of metastatic competency in colorectal cancer. Mol Oncol 2017; 11:97-119. [PMID: 28085225 PMCID: PMC5423222 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Revised: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancer types and represents a major therapeutic challenge. Although initial events in colorectal carcinogenesis are relatively well characterized and treatment for early‐stage disease has significantly improved over the last decades, the mechanisms underlying metastasis – the main cause of death – remain poorly understood. Correspondingly, no effective therapy is currently available for advanced or metastatic disease. There is increasing evidence that colorectal cancer is hierarchically organized and sustained by cancer stem cells, in concert with various stromal cell types. Here, we review the interplay between cancer stem cells and their microenvironment in promoting metastasis and discuss recent insights relating to both patient prognosis and novel targeted treatment strategies. A better understanding of these topics may aid the prevention or reduction of metastatic burden.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniele V F Tauriello
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Spain
| | - Alexandre Calon
- Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Enza Lonardo
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Spain
| | - Eduard Batlle
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Spain.,Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Bone marrow-derived cells are recruited by the melanoma tumor with endothelial cells contributing to tumor vasculature. Clin Transl Oncol 2016; 19:125-133. [PMID: 27188167 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-016-1515-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Tumor expansion is dependent on neovascularization, a process that requires sustained new vessel formation. Although the critical role of angiogenesis by endothelial sprouting in this process, controversy still prevails on whether angiogenesis involving bone marrow-derived endothelial cells, does contribute to this process. This study aims to evaluate the recruitment of bone marrow-derived cells by the melanoma tumor, including endothelial cells, and if they contribute to angiogenesis. METHODS A chimeric mouse model of GFP bone marrow was used to induce melanoma tumors derived from murine B16-F10 cell line. These tumors were evaluated for the presence of myeloid cells (CD11b), T lymphocytes (CD3, CD4 and CD8) and endothelial cells (VEGFR2 and CD31) derived from bone marrow. RESULTS Mice transplanted with GFP+ cells showed significant bone marrow chimerism (90.9 ± 0.87 %) when compared to the GFP transgenic mice (90.66 ± 2.1 %, p = 0.83) demonstrating successful engraftment of donor bone marrow stem/progenitor cells. Analysis of the murine melanoma tumor showed the presence of donor cells in the tumors (3.5 ± 1.7 %) and interestingly, these cells represent endothelial cells (CD31+ cells; 11.5 ± 6.85 %) and myeloid cells (CD11b+ cells; 80 ± 21 %), but also tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (CD8+ T cells, 13.31 ± 0.2 %; CD4+ T-cells, 2.1 ± 1.2 %). Examination of the tumor endothelium by confocal microscopy suggests the presence of donor CD31+/GFP+ cells in the wall of some blood vessels. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates that bone marrow-derived cells are recruited by the murine melanoma tumor, with myeloid cells and CD4 and CD8 T lymphocytes migrating as antitumor immune response, and endothelial cells participating of the tumor blood vessels formation.
Collapse
|
5
|
Ko SY, Blatch GL, Dass CR. Netrin-1 as a potential target for metastatic cancer: focus on colorectal cancer. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2015; 33:101-13. [PMID: 24338005 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-013-9459-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Despite advanced screening technology and cancer treatments available today, metastasis remains an ongoing major cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Typically, colorectal cancer is one of the cancers treatable by surgery in conjunction with chemotherapy when it is detected at an early stage. However, it still ranks as the second highest modality and mortality of cancer types in western countries, and this is mostly due to a recurrence of metastatic colorectal cancer post-resection of the primary malignancy. Colorectal cancer metastases predominantly occur in the liver and lung, and yet the molecular mechanisms that regulate these organ-specific colorectal cancer metastases are largely unknown. Therefore, the identification of any critical molecule, which triggers malignancy in colorectal cancer, would be an excellent target for treatment. Netrin-1 was initially discovered as a chemotropic neuronal guidance molecule, and has been marked as a regulator for many cancers including colorectal cancer. Here, we summarise key findings of the role of netrin-1 intrinsic to colorectal cancer cells, extrinsic to the tumour microenvironment and angiogenesis, and consequently, we evaluate netrin-1 as a potential target molecule for metastasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suh Youn Ko
- College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, St Albans, 3021, Australia
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Lee K, Hwang H, Nam KT. Immune response and the tumor microenvironment: how they communicate to regulate gastric cancer. Gut Liver 2014; 8:131-9. [PMID: 24672653 PMCID: PMC3964262 DOI: 10.5009/gnl.2014.8.2.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2014] [Accepted: 02/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is the second most common cause of cancer-related death in the world. A growing body of evidence indicates that inflammation is closely associated with the initiation, progression, and metastasis of many tumors, including those of gastric cancer. In addition, approximately 60% of the world's population is colonized by Helicobacter pylori, which accounts for more than 50% of gastric cancers. While the role of inflammation in intestinal and colonic cancers is relatively well defined, its role in stomach neoplasia is still unclear because of the limited access of pathogens to the acidic environment and the technical difficulties isolating and characterizing immune cells in the stomach, especially in animal models. In this review, we will provide recent updates addressing how inflammation is involved in gastric malignancies, and what immune characteristics regulate the pathogenesis of stomach cancer. Also, we will discuss potential therapeutics that target the immune system for the efficient treatment of gastric cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keunwook Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Hyekyung Hwang
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea. ; Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ki Taek Nam
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea. ; Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Nagasaki T, Hara M, Nakanishi H, Takahashi H, Sato M, Takeyama H. Interleukin-6 released by colon cancer-associated fibroblasts is critical for tumour angiogenesis: anti-interleukin-6 receptor antibody suppressed angiogenesis and inhibited tumour-stroma interaction. Br J Cancer 2013; 110:469-78. [PMID: 24346288 PMCID: PMC3899773 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2013.748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 288] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2013] [Revised: 09/12/2013] [Accepted: 10/31/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Interleukin-6 (IL-6) has an important role in cancer progression, and high levels of plasma IL-6 are correlated with a poor prognosis in a variety of cancers. It has also been reported that tumour stromal fibroblasts are necessary for steps in cancer progression, such as angiogenesis. There have been few reports of a correlation between fibroblast actions and IL-6 levels. In this study, we examined the correlation between cancer stromal fibroblasts and IL-6 and the utility of IL-6 as a therapeutic target in human colon cancer. Methods: The expression levels of IL-6 and VEGF of fibroblasts and cancer cell lines were evaluated using real-time PCR and ELISA. The anti-angiogenic effect of inhibiting IL-6 signalling was measured in an angiogenesis model and animal experiment. Results: We demonstrate that stromal fibroblasts isolated from colon cancer produced significant amounts of IL-6 and that colon cancer cells enhanced IL-6 production by stromal fibroblasts. Moreover, IL-6 enhanced VEGF production by fibroblasts, thereby inducing angiogenesis. In vivo, anti-IL6 receptor antibody targeting stromal tissue showed greater anti-tumour activity than did anti-IL6 receptor antibody targeting xenografted cancer cells. Conclusion: Cancer stromal fibroblasts were an important source of IL-6 in colon cancer. IL-6 produced by activated fibroblasts induced tumour angiogenesis by stimulating adjacent stromal fibroblasts. The relationship between IL-6 and stromal fibroblasts offers new approaches to cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Nagasaki
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Nagoya City University, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan
| | - M Hara
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Nagoya City University, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan
| | - H Nakanishi
- Division of Oncological Pathology, Aichi Cancer Center Institute, 1-1 Kanokoden, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8681, Japan
| | - H Takahashi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Nagoya City University, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan
| | - M Sato
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Nagoya City University, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan
| | - H Takeyama
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Nagoya City University, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Quante M, Varga J, Wang TC, Greten FR. The gastrointestinal tumor microenvironment. Gastroenterology 2013; 145:63-78. [PMID: 23583733 PMCID: PMC4012393 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2013.03.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2013] [Revised: 03/27/2013] [Accepted: 03/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Over the past decade, the microenvironment of gastrointestinal tumors has gained increasing attention because it is required for tumor initiation, progression, and metastasis. The tumor microenvironment has many components and has been recognized as one of the major hallmarks of epithelial cancers. Although therapeutic strategies for gastrointestinal cancer have previously focused on the epithelial cell compartment, there is increasing interest in reagents that alter the microenvironment, based on reported interactions among gastrointestinal epithelial, stromal, and immune cells during gastrointestinal carcinogenesis. We review the different cellular components of the gastrointestinal tumor microenvironment and their functions in carcinogenesis and discuss how improving our understanding of the complex stromal network could lead to new therapeutic strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Quante
- II. Medizinische Klinik, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, München, Germany.
| | - Julia Varga
- Institut für Molekulare Immunologie, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Timothy C Wang
- Department of Medicine and Irving Cancer Research Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Florian R Greten
- Institut für Molekulare Immunologie, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, München, Germany; German Cancer Consortium and German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Kannen V, Hintzsche H, Zanette DL, Silva WA, Garcia SB, Waaga-Gasser AM, Stopper H. Antiproliferative effects of fluoxetine on colon cancer cells and in a colonic carcinogen mouse model. PLoS One 2012; 7:e50043. [PMID: 23209640 PMCID: PMC3507893 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0050043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2012] [Accepted: 10/15/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The antidepressant fluoxetine has been under discussion because of its potential influence on cancer risk. It was found to inhibit the development of carcinogen-induced preneoplastic lesions in colon tissue, but the mechanisms of action are not well understood. Therefore, we investigated anti-proliferative effects, and used HT29 colon tumor cells in vitro, as well as C57BL/6 mice exposed to intra-rectal treatment with the carcinogen N-methyl-N’-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) as models. Fluoxetine increased the percentage of HT29 cells in the G0/G1 phase of cell-cycle, and the expression of p27 protein. This was not related to an induction of apoptosis, reactive oxygen species or DNA damage. In vivo, fluoxetine reduced the development of MNNG-induced dysplasia and vascularization-related dysplasia in colon tissue, which was analyzed by histopathological techniques. An anti-proliferative potential of fluoxetine was observed in epithelial and stromal areas. It was accompanied by a reduction of VEGF expression and of the number of cells with angiogenic potential, such as CD133, CD34, and CD31-positive cell clusters. Taken together, our findings suggest that fluoxetine treatment targets steps of early colon carcinogenesis. This confirms its protective potential, explaining at least partially the lower colon cancer risk under antidepressant therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vinicius Kannen
- Department of Pathology, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
- Department of Toxicology, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Henning Hintzsche
- Department of Toxicology, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Dalila L. Zanette
- National Institute of Science and Technology in Stem Cell and Cell Therapy, CNPq/FAPESP, Department of Genetics, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Wilson A. Silva
- National Institute of Science and Technology in Stem Cell and Cell Therapy, CNPq/FAPESP, Department of Genetics, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Sérgio B. Garcia
- Department of Pathology, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Ana Maria Waaga-Gasser
- Department of Surgery I, Molecular Oncology and Immunology, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Helga Stopper
- Department of Toxicology, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
The melatonin action on stromal stem cells within pericryptal area in colon cancer model under constant light. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2011; 405:593-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2011.01.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2011] [Accepted: 01/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
11
|
Hutchinson L, Stenstrom B, Chen D, Piperdi B, Levey S, Lyle S, Wang TC, Houghton J. Human Barrett's adenocarcinoma of the esophagus, associated myofibroblasts, and endothelium can arise from bone marrow-derived cells after allogeneic stem cell transplant. Stem Cells Dev 2010; 20:11-7. [PMID: 20677919 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2010.0139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
This study characterizes the contribution of bone marrow-derived cells (BMDCs) to Barrett's adenocarcinoma of the esophagus using a mouse surgical model of disease and human specimens. Transplantation of bone marrow expressing beta galactosidase into a wild-type mouse, followed by surgical esophagojejunostomy, allowed tracking of BMDCs into the surgical anastomosis and resulting Barrett's metaplasia. Human tissue from a male patient who had been transplanted with female bone marrow and later developed esophageal adenocarcinoma allowed us to tract donor-derived cells into the tumor. Using a combination of antibodies directed against beta-galactosidase (animal studies) and X/Y fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) (human studies), combined with specific lineage staining directed against epithelial, fibroblast, endothelial, and leukocyte markers, we show that bone marrow cells contribute to both the epithelial and stromal component of esophageal adenocarcinoma. These findings demonstrate that BMDCs can generate cancer-associated fibroblasts as well as contribute directly to epithelial cells in cancer of the esophagus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lloyd Hutchinson
- Department of Pathology, UMass Memorial Health Care, Worcester, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|