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Jia W, Dou W, Zeng H, Wang Q, Shi P, Liu J, Liu Z, Zhang J, Zhang J. Diagnostic value of serum CRP, PCT and IL-6 in children with nephrotic syndrome complicated by infection: a single center retrospective study. Pediatr Res 2024; 95:722-728. [PMID: 37773440 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-023-02830-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose was to look into the diagnostic value of serum CRP, PCT and IL-6 in children with nephrotic syndrome co-infection. METHODS One hundred and forty-nine children with nephrotic syndrome who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were included in this study. The children were divided into three groups: bacterial infection group, non-bacterial infection group, and non-infection group. The diagnostic value was analyzed and compared using the ROC curve. RESULTS There was no statistically significant difference in the Leukocyte counts among three groups. The mean results of serum CRP, PCT and IL-6 were significantly higher in the bacterial infection group compared to those in the non-infection group (p < 0.05). AUC of CRP, PCT, IL-6 in bacterial infection were 0.791, 0.859, 0.783. The following combinations CRP + PCT + IL-6, IL-6 + PCT, CRP + PCT significantly increased the efficiency of bacterial infection diagnosis, the AUCs were 0.881, 0.884, and 0.884, respectively. AUC of PCT in non-bacterial infection was 0.663. The combinations of these three clinical indicators performed no better than PCT in ROC analysis. CONCLUSION Normal CRP or IL-6 levels do not rule out the diagnosis of bacterial infection in children on long-term glucocorticoid therapy. The appropriate combination of two or three indicators can improve the diagnostic value. IMPACT This study evaluated the diagnostic value of the serum concentrations of CRP, PCT and IL-6 and assessed whether the value of their combined application is better than when used alone for diagnosing primary nephrotic syndrome complicated by infection. The elevation in leukocyte count cannot be used to diagnose children with nephrotic syndromes on long-term glucocorticoid treatment who have bacterial infections. Normal CRP or IL-6 levels do not rule out the diagnosis of bacterial infection in children on long-term glucocorticoid therapy. The appropriate combination of two or three indicators can improve diagnostic value, sensitivity, and specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanyu Jia
- Department of Pediatrics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Clinical Center of Pediatric Nephrology of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Wenjie Dou
- Department of Pediatrics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Clinical Center of Pediatric Nephrology of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Huiqin Zeng
- Department of Pediatrics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Clinical Center of Pediatric Nephrology of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Qin Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Clinical Center of Pediatric Nephrology of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Peipei Shi
- Department of Pediatrics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Clinical Center of Pediatric Nephrology of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhen Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Clinical Center of Pediatric Nephrology of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Clinical Center of Pediatric Nephrology of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Jianjiang Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Clinical Center of Pediatric Nephrology of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
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Kasuga R, Chu PS, Taniki N, Yoshida A, Morikawa R, Tabuchi T, Noguchi F, Yamataka K, Nakadai Y, Kondo M, Ebinuma H, Kanai T, Nakamoto N. Granulocyte-monocyte/macrophage apheresis for steroid-nonresponsive or steroid-intolerant severe alcohol-associated hepatitis: A pilot study. Hepatol Commun 2024; 8:e0371. [PMID: 38285891 PMCID: PMC10830070 DOI: 10.1097/hc9.0000000000000371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with severe alcohol-associated hepatitis (SAH) have a high short-term mortality rate. Unmet needs exist in patients who are refractory to corticosteroids (CS) or are ineligible for early liver transplantation. METHODS This was a prospective, open-label, nonrandomized pilot study conducted at a liver transplant center in Tokyo, Japan, starting in October 2015. Lille model and Model for End-stage Liver Disease (MELD) score-defined CS nonresponsive or CS-intolerant patients with SAH who fulfilled the inclusion criteria (leukocytosis over 10,000/μL, etc.) were considered for enrollment. The median duration from admission to enrollment was 23 days (IQR, 14-31 days), after standard of care. Granulocyte-monocyte/macrophage apheresis (GMA) performed with Adacolumn twice per week, up to 10 times per treatment course, was evaluated. RESULTS 13 GMA treatments were conducted through December 2021. Maddrey Discriminant Function was 53.217.7 at admission. The overall survival rate was 90.9% at 90 and 180 days. MELD scores significantly improved, from median (IQRs) of 23 (20-25) to 15 (13-21) after GMA (p<0.0001). Estimated mortality risks using the Lille model and MELD scores significantly improved from 20.9%±16.5% to 7.4%±7.3% at 2 months and from 30.4%±21.3% to 11.6%±10.8% at 6 months, respectively (both p<0.01), and were internally validated. The cumulative rate of alcohol relapse was 35.9% per year. No severe adverse events were observed. In exploratory analysis, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor levels were significantly correlated with prognostic systems such as MELD-Sodium scores after GMA (correlation coefficient= -0.9943, p<0.0001) but not before GMA (p=0.62). CONCLUSIONS Compared to published studies, GMA is associated with a lower-than-expected 90- and 180-day mortality in patients with CS-nonresponsive or CS-intolerant SAH. GMA may meet the needs as a salvage anti-inflammatory therapy for SAH. (Trial registration: UMIN000019351 and jRCTs No.032180221) (274 words).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryosuke Kasuga
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Po-sung Chu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuhito Taniki
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Aya Yoshida
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Rei Morikawa
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takaya Tabuchi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fumie Noguchi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Karin Yamataka
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukie Nakadai
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mayuko Kondo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirotoshi Ebinuma
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Gastroenterology, International University of Health and Welfare, School of Medicine, 4Narita City, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takanori Kanai
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Nakamoto
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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Ait Ahmed Y, Lafdil F, Tacke F. Ambiguous Pathogenic Roles of Macrophages in Alcohol-Associated Liver Diseases. Hepat Med 2023; 15:113-127. [PMID: 37753346 PMCID: PMC10519224 DOI: 10.2147/hmer.s326468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) represents a major public health issue worldwide and is a leading etiology of liver cirrhosis. Alcohol-related liver injuries include a range of manifestations including alcoholic hepatitis (AH), simple steatosis, steatohepatitis, hepatic fibrosis, cirrhosis and liver cancer. Liver disease occurs from several pathological disturbances such as the metabolism of ethanol, which generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) in hepatocytes, alterations in the gut microbiota, and the immune response to these changes. A common hallmark of these liver affections is the establishment of an inflammatory environment, and some (broad) anti-inflammatory approaches are used to treat AH (eg, corticosteroids). Macrophages, which represent the main innate immune cells in the liver, respond to a wide variety of (pathogenic) stimuli and adopt a large spectrum of phenotypes. This translates to a diversity of functions including pathogen and debris clearance, recruitment of other immune cells, activation of fibroblasts, or tissue repair. Thus, macrophage populations play a crucial role in the course of ALD, but the underlying mechanisms driving macrophage polarization and their functionality in ALD are complex. In this review, we explore the various populations of hepatic macrophages in alcohol-associated liver disease and the underlying mechanisms driving their polarization. Additionally, we summarize the crosstalk between hepatic macrophages and other hepatic cell types in ALD, in order to support the exploration of targeted therapeutics by modulating macrophage polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeni Ait Ahmed
- Department of Hepatology & Gastroenterology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum (CVK) and Campus Charité Mitte (CCM), Berlin, Germany
| | - Fouad Lafdil
- Université Paris-Est, UMR-S955, UPEC, Créteil, France
- Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM), U955, Créteil, France
- Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Paris, France
| | - Frank Tacke
- Department of Hepatology & Gastroenterology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum (CVK) and Campus Charité Mitte (CCM), Berlin, Germany
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Lv XC, Wu Q, Yuan YJ, Li L, Guo WL, Lin XB, Huang ZR, Rao PF, Ai LZ, Ni L. Organic chromium derived from the chelation of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide and chromium (III) alleviates metabolic syndromes and intestinal microbiota dysbiosis induced by high-fat and high-fructose diet. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 219:964-979. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.07.211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Voss JK, Li Z, Weinman SA. Elevated blood monocyte counts in alcohol-associated hepatitis. JGH Open 2022; 6:148-151. [PMID: 35155825 PMCID: PMC8829102 DOI: 10.1002/jgh3.12707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
In this retrospective study of 164 patients with alcohol-associated hepatitis, we find that the mean absolute monocyte count is 0.95 thousand cells/L, which is significantly higher than the upper limit of normal (0.80 thousand cells/μL) (P < 0.0001). Monocyte count is correlated with disease severity as measured by MELD score (R = 0.400, P < 0.0001) and Maddrey discriminant function (R = 0.330, P < 0.0001).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan K. Voss
- School of Medicine, University of Kansas Medical CenterKansas CityKansasUSA
- Present address:
Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo ClinicRochesterMinnesotaUSA
| | - Zhuan Li
- Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of Kansas Medical CenterKansas CityKansasUSA
| | - Steven A. Weinman
- Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of Kansas Medical CenterKansas CityKansasUSA
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Guo WL, Cao YJ, You SZ, Wu Q, Zhang F, Han JZ, Lv XC, Rao PF, Ai LZ, Ni L. Ganoderic acids-rich ethanol extract from Ganoderma lucidum protects against alcoholic liver injury and modulates intestinal microbiota in mice with excessive alcohol intake. Curr Res Food Sci 2022; 5:515-530. [PMID: 35281335 PMCID: PMC8913248 DOI: 10.1016/j.crfs.2022.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcoholic liver injury is mainly caused by excessive alcohol consumption and has become a global public health problem threatening human health. It is well known that Ganoderma lucidum possesses various excellent beneficial effects on liver function and lipid metabolism. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the underlying protective effect and action mechanism of ganoderic acids-rich G. lucidum ethanol extract (GLE) on alcohol-induced liver injury in mice with excessive alcohol intake. Results showed that oral administration of GLE could obviously inhibit the abnormal increases of serum triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and also significantly protect the liver against alcohol-induced excessive hepatic lipid accumulation and pathological changes. In addition, alcohol-induced oxidative stress in liver was significantly ameliorated by the dietary intervention of GLE through reducing the hepatic levels of maleic dialdehyde (MDA) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and increasing the hepatic levels of glutathione (GSH), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH). Compared with the model group, GLE intervention significantly ameliorated the intestinal microbial disorder by elevating the relative abundance of Ruminiclostridium_9, Prevotellaceae_UCG-001, Oscillibacter, [Eubacterium]_xylanophilum_group, norank_f_Clostridiates_vadinBB60_group, GCA-900066225, Bilophila, Ruminococcaceae_UCG-009, norank_f_Desulfovibrionaceae and Hydrogenoanaerobacterium, but decreasing the proportion of Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1. Furthermore, liver metabolomic profiling suggested that GLE intervention had a significant regulatory effect on the composition of liver metabolites in mice with excessive alcohol intake, especially the levels of some biomarkers involved in primary bile acid biosynthesis, riboflavin metabolism, tryptophan metabolism, biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids, fructose and mannose metabolism, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis. Additionally, dietary supplementation with GLE significantly regulated the mRNA levels of key genes related to fatty acids metabolism, ethanol catabolism and inflammatory response in liver. Conclusively, these findings indicate that GLE has a potentially beneficial effect on alleviating alcohol-induced liver injury and may be developed as a promising functional food ingredient. Phytochemical analysis revealed that ethanol extract of Gaoderma lucidum (GLE) is rich in ganoderic acids. GLE ameliorated lipid metabolism, antioxidant function and inflammatory response in mice with excessive alcohol intake. Liver metabolomics based on UPLC-QTOF/MS was performed to reveal the underlying hepatoprotective effect of GLE. GLE intervention alleviated alcoholic liver injury partly through regulating the “gut-liver-metabolite”axis. Hepatic gene transcriptions related to lipid metabolism and inflammation were remarkablyinfluenced by GLE intervention.
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8
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Nakayama N, Uemura H, Uchida Y, Imai Y, Tomiya T, Terai S, Yoshiji H, Genda T, Ido A, Inoue K, Kato N, Sakaida I, Shimizu M, Takikawa Y, Abe M, Abe R, Chayama K, Hasegawa K, Inui A, Kasahara M, Ohira H, Tanaka A, Takikawa H, Mochida S. Nationwide survey for patients with acute-on-chronic liver failure occurring between 2017 and 2019 and diagnosed according to proposed Japanese criteria. J Gastroenterol 2021; 56:1092-1106. [PMID: 34739590 DOI: 10.1007/s00535-021-01834-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The significance of the 2018 Japanese diagnostic criteria for acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) has not yet been evaluated. METHODS A nationwide survey was performed for patients with ACLF occurring between 2017 and 2019. Cirrhotic patients with a Child-Pugh score of 5-9 were diagnosed as having ACLF when liver failure (serum bilirubin level of ≥ 5.0 mg/dL and a prothrombin time international normalization rate [INR] of ≥ 1.5) occurred within 28 days after an acute insult. Patients who fulfilled either criterion (total serum bilirubin or INR) and/or those with indeterminate Child-Pugh scores at baseline were also enrolled. RESULTS Among the 501 enrolled patients, 183 patients (37%) were diagnosed as having ACLF. The etiologies of the cirrhosis and acute insults were alcohol intake/abuse in 114 (62%) and 75 (41%) patients, respectively. Sixty-eight patients (37%) were also diagnosed as having severe alcoholic hepatitis. The survival rate without liver transplantation was 48% among the ACLF patients and 71% in the remaining patients (P < 0.01). A multivariate analysis revealed that the disease condition was significantly associated with mortality, with an odds ratio of 2.025 in ACLF patients relative to the remaining patients (P < 0.01), and patient age and the number of organs with functional failure were also associated with mortality among the ACLF patients. CONCLUSION The proposed diagnostic criteria for ACLF were useful for identifying cirrhotic patients with an unfavorable outcome following acute insults. A therapeutic strategy for patients with severe alcoholic hepatitis should be established, since such patients accounted for the majority of ACLF patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuaki Nakayama
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Faculty of Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Iruma-Gun, 38 Morohongo, Moroyama-Machi, Saitama, 350-0495, Japan
| | - Hayato Uemura
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Faculty of Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Iruma-Gun, 38 Morohongo, Moroyama-Machi, Saitama, 350-0495, Japan
| | - Yoshihito Uchida
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Faculty of Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Iruma-Gun, 38 Morohongo, Moroyama-Machi, Saitama, 350-0495, Japan
| | - Yukinori Imai
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Faculty of Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Iruma-Gun, 38 Morohongo, Moroyama-Machi, Saitama, 350-0495, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Tomiya
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Faculty of Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Iruma-Gun, 38 Morohongo, Moroyama-Machi, Saitama, 350-0495, Japan
| | - Shuji Terai
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Yoshiji
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nara Medical University, Nara, Japan
| | - Takuya Genda
- Department of Gastroenterology, Juntendo University Shizuoka Hospital, Izunokuni, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Akio Ido
- Department of Digestive and Life-Style Related Disease, Health Research Course, Human and Environmental Sciences, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Inoue
- Department of Gastroenterology, International University of Health and Welfare, Narita, Chiba, Japan
| | - Naoya Kato
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Isao Sakaida
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Masahito Shimizu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Takikawa
- Division of Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Iwate Medical University, Morioka, Japan
| | - Masanori Abe
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Matsuyama, Japan
| | - Ryuzo Abe
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Chayama
- Collaborative Research Laboratory of Medical Innovation, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Hasegawa
- Department of Surgery, Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery Division, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ayano Inui
- Department of Pediatric Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Saiseikai Yokohamashi Tobu Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Mureo Kasahara
- Transplantation Center, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiromasa Ohira
- Department of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Atsushi Tanaka
- Department of Medicine, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hajime Takikawa
- Department of Medicine, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Mochida
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Faculty of Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Iruma-Gun, 38 Morohongo, Moroyama-Machi, Saitama, 350-0495, Japan.
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Sun L, Wen S, Li Q, Lai X, Chen R, Zhang Z, Li D, Sun S. L-theanine relieves acute alcoholic liver injury by regulating the TNF-α/NF-κB signaling pathway in C57BL/6J mice. J Funct Foods 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2021.104699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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Suzuki Y, Kakisaka K, Suzuki A, Takahara T, Sasaki T, Sato T, Yonezawa T, Nitta H, Takikawa Y. A Lille model for predicting the response of severe alcoholic hepatitis to corticosteroid treatment in Japanese patients. Hepatol Res 2019; 49:758-764. [PMID: 30901152 DOI: 10.1111/hepr.13334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
AIM Corticosteroids are the most widely used agents for the treatment of severe alcoholic hepatitis (SAH). The therapeutic effectiveness of corticosteroids is assessed by the Lille model, which has been validated well in patient cohorts in North America and Europe; however, its usefulness has not yet been confirmed independently in Japanese patients. The present study aimed to determine whether the Lille model could predict the prognosis of SAH in Japanese patients. METHODS This was a retrospective cohort study including 32 SAH patients who were admitted to our institute from April 2011 to February 2018. According to the previously validated Lille model cut-off value, patients who received corticosteroids were classified as corticosteroid responders or non-responders (with responders obtaining a Lille score ≥ 0.45), followed by assessment for the 6-month prognosis. RESULTS Out of 32 patients, 26 were treated with corticosteroids. The 28-day and 6-month mortality rates in the corticosteroid-treated group were 23.1% and 46.2%, respectively. The median Lille score was significantly higher in patients who died or underwent liver transplantation (0.647) than in those who survived without undergoing transplantation (0.226; P < 0.0182). The 6-month transplant-free survival rate of non-responders (Lille score ≥ 0.45) was significantly lower (27.3%; 95% confidence interval, 9.0-58.6%) than that of responders (Lille score < 0.45, 73.3%; 95% confidence interval, 46.7-90.0%; P = 0.0149, log-rank test). CONCLUSIONS The Lille score could be useful for predicting the 6-month prognosis of Japanese SAH patients after corticosteroid therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Suzuki
- Division of Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Iwate Medical University School of Medicine, Morioka, Japan
| | - Keisuke Kakisaka
- Division of Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Iwate Medical University School of Medicine, Morioka, Japan
| | - Akiko Suzuki
- Division of Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Iwate Medical University School of Medicine, Morioka, Japan
| | - Takeshi Takahara
- Department of Surgery, Iwate Medical University School of Medicine, Morioka, Iwate, Japan
| | - Tokio Sasaki
- Division of Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Iwate Medical University School of Medicine, Morioka, Japan
| | - Takuro Sato
- Division of Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Iwate Medical University School of Medicine, Morioka, Japan
| | - Takehiro Yonezawa
- Division of Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Iwate Medical University School of Medicine, Morioka, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Nitta
- Department of Surgery, Iwate Medical University School of Medicine, Morioka, Iwate, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Takikawa
- Division of Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Iwate Medical University School of Medicine, Morioka, Japan
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Wang W, Xu Y, Jiang C, Gao Y. Advances in the treatment of severe alcoholic hepatitis. Curr Med Res Opin 2019; 35:261-273. [PMID: 29781336 DOI: 10.1080/03007995.2018.1479247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Severe alcoholic hepatitis (SAH) is a costly and worldwide public health issue with high morbidity and mortality. Specific effective treatments for SAH have yet to be established. The aim of the present article is to review the current knowledge of the pathogenesis, assessment and treatment options in patients with SAH. To date, alcohol abstinence and enteral nutrition are the recommended first-line treatments. Although corticosteroids remain the preferred therapy for certain patients with a modified Maddrey discriminant function level greater than 54, they only improve short-term survival rates. New research focuses on liver inflammation, liver regeneration, the gut-liver axis, human induced pluripotent stem cells and extracorporeal albumin dialysis. Liver transplantation is considered the last medical option for patients with SAH who are nonresponsive to other medical treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Wang
- a Department of Hepatology , First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University , Jilin , China
| | - Ying Xu
- a Department of Hepatology , First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University , Jilin , China
| | - Chang Jiang
- a Department of Hepatology , First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University , Jilin , China
| | - Yanhang Gao
- a Department of Hepatology , First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University , Jilin , China
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Mochida S, Nakayama N, Ido A, Inoue K, Genda T, Takikawa Y, Sakaida I, Terai S, Yokosuka O, Shimizu M, Takikawa H. Proposed diagnostic criteria for acute-on-chronic liver failure in Japan. Hepatol Res 2018; 48:219-224. [PMID: 29361652 DOI: 10.1111/hepr.13066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Revised: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
To establish diagnostic criteria for acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) in Japan, the Intractable Hepato-Biliary Disease Study Group of Japan undertook a multicenter pilot survey for patients fulfilling the Asian Pacific Association for the Study of the Liver (APASL), Association for the Study of the Liver-Chronic Liver Failure (EASL-Clif) Consortium, or Chinese Medical Association (CMA) diagnostic criteria for ACLF. The APASL criteria were suitable for screening Japanese patients with ACLF when patients whose conditions were triggered by gastrointestinal bleeding were included within the disease entity, and the EASL-Clif Consortium criteria were useful for classifying the severity of the patients' conditions. Based on these observations, the Study Group proposed the following diagnostic criteria for ACLF in Japan: patients with cirrhosis and a Child-Pugh score of 5-9 should be diagnosed as having ACLF when a deterioration of liver function (serum bilirubin level ≥5.0 mg/dL and prothrombin time value ≤40% of the standardized values and/or international normalization rate ≥1.5) caused by severe liver damage develops within 28 days after acute insults, such as alcohol abuse, bacterial infection, gastrointestinal bleeding, or the exacerbation of underlying liver diseases. The severities of the patients can be classified into four grades depending on the extent of the deterioration in organ functions, including kidney, cerebral, blood coagulation, circulatory and respiratory functions, as well as liver function. The usefulness of these novel criteria should be validated prospectively in a large-scale cohort in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Mochida
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Saitama Medical University, Moroyama, Japan
| | - Nobuaki Nakayama
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Saitama Medical University, Moroyama, Japan
| | - Akio Ido
- Department of Digestive and Life-Style Related Disease, Health Research Course, Human and Environmental Sciences, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Inoue
- Department of Gastroenterology, Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Takuya Genda
- Department of Gastroenterology, Juntendo University Shizuoka Hospital, Izunokuni, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Takikawa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, School of Medicine, Iwate Medical University, Morioka, Japan
| | - Isao Sakaida
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Shuji Terai
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | | | - Masahito Shimizu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Hajime Takikawa
- Department of Medicine, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Nakayama N, Uemura H, Uchida Y, Tomiya T, Ido A, Inoue K, Genda T, Takikawa Y, Sakaida I, Terai S, Yokosuka O, Shimizu M, Takikawa H, Mochida S. A multicenter pilot survey to clarify the clinical features of patients with acute-on-chronic liver failure in Japan. Hepatol Res 2018; 48:303-312. [PMID: 29341357 DOI: 10.1111/hepr.13064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Revised: 01/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
AIM To establish diagnostic criteria for acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) in Japan, a multicenter pilot survey was carried out to examine the usefulness of overseas criteria in patients with chronic liver diseases manifesting acute decompensation. METHODS Patients fulfilling the Asian-Pacific Association for the Study of the Liver (APASL), European Association for the Study of the Liver (EASL), or Chinese Medical Association (CMA) criteria for decompensation were enrolled from eight institutions in Japan, and the clinical features were evaluated. RESULTS Among 112 patients, 109 patients (97.3%) fulfilled the APASL criteria for decompensation; 7 patients were excluded because the decompensation had been provoked by gastrointestinal bleeding. Consequently, 102 patients (91.1%) were diagnosed as having ACLF according to the APASL definition. Among the patients who fulfilled the APASL criteria for decompensation, the etiologies of the underlying liver diseases were alcohol abuse in 59 cases (54.1%) and hepatitis B or hepatitis C virus infection in 24 (22.0%). The acute insults were alcohol abuse in 50 (45.9%), bacterial infection in 26 (23.9%), and exacerbation of underlying liver disease in 14 (12.8%). Fifty-four patients (49.5%) satisfied the CMA criteria, but the survival rates were similar between patients who did and those who did not meet the criteria. When 84 patients with underlying cirrhosis were classified according to the EASL-Chronic Liver Failure (Clif) Consortium criteria, the survival rates differed according to grade: 67.6% (23/34) for patients without ACLF, and 41.2% (14/34) and 18.8% (3/16) for those with grade 1/2 and grade 3 ACLF, respectively. CONCLUSION The APASL definition was suitable for screening Japanese patients with ACLF, including those whose conditions were triggered by gastrointestinal bleeding, and the EASL-Clif Consortium criteria were useful for predicting outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuaki Nakayama
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Hayato Uemura
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yoshihito Uchida
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Tomiya
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Akio Ido
- Department of Digestive and Life-Style Related Disease, Health Research Course, Human and Environmental Sciences, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Inoue
- Department of Gastroenterology, Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Takuya Genda
- Department of Gastroenterology, Juntendo University Shizuoka Hospital, Izunokuni, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Takikawa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, School of Medicine, Iwate Medical University, Morioka, Japan
| | - Isao Sakaida
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Shuji Terai
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | | | - Masahito Shimizu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Hajime Takikawa
- Department of Medicine, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Mochida
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
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