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Pagliarani S, Vannini A, Kuzminsky E, Morales-Rodríguez C. Novel soil-less potting mixes for the mycorrhization of Quercus pubescens Willd. seedlings with Tuber melanosporum Vittad. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:249. [PMID: 37170201 PMCID: PMC10176669 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04194-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Truffle cultivation has quickly grown in Europe and elsewhere as a consequence of the increase in the demand of the market. Thus the optimization of the protocols for the production of elite mycorrhized plants are also needed, keeping in consideration the economic and environmental sustainability. The suitability of two compost-based potting mixes to produce Quercus pubescens Willd. plants mycorrhized with the black Périgord truffle T. melanosporum Vittad. was tested as an alternative to the traditional potting mix used. The effects on mycorrhizal development and the morphometric assessment of the root and shoot system of the Q. pubescens seedlings were investigated eight months after the spore slurry inoculation in a glasshouse experiment. From the results obtained, the compost mix containing green organic residues from pruning and mowing (Mix 2) achieved better performance than the control and the potting mix based on composted municipal organic wastes, showing significantly higher mycorrhization percentage, root length, number of root tips, and root forks. In conclusion, a potting mix containing recycled green organic matter, which is readily available, cheap, and environmentally sustainable, can offer excellent mycorrhization performances and may be included in the mycorrhization process of downy oak seedlings with T. melanosporum under controlled conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Pagliarani
- Department of Innovation of Biological Systems, Food and Forestry DIBAF, Tuscia University, Viterbo, Italy.
| | - Andrea Vannini
- Department of Innovation of Biological Systems, Food and Forestry DIBAF, Tuscia University, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Elena Kuzminsky
- Department of Innovation of Biological Systems, Food and Forestry DIBAF, Tuscia University, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Carmen Morales-Rodríguez
- Department of Innovation of Biological Systems, Food and Forestry DIBAF, Tuscia University, Viterbo, Italy
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Kang Z, Li X, Li Y, Ye L, Zhang B, Zhang X, Penttinen P, Gu Y. Black Truffles Affect Quercus aliena Physiology and Root-Associated nirK- and nirS-Type Denitrifying Bacterial Communities in the Initial Stage of Inoculation. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:792568. [PMID: 35572648 PMCID: PMC9096950 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.792568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Truffles (Tuber spp.) are edible ectomycorrhizal fungi with high economic value. Bacteria in ectomycorrhizosphere soils are considered to be associated with the nutrient uptake of truffles and hosts. Whether Tuber spp. inoculation can affect the growth of Quercus aliena, the ectomycorrhizosphere soil, and the rhizosphere nirK and nirS-denitrifier communities at the ectomycorrhizae formation stage is still unclear. Therefore, we inoculated Q. aliena with the black truffles Tuber melanosporum and Tuber indicum, determined the physiological activity and morphological indices of Q. aliena seedlings, analyzed the physicochemical properties of ectomycorrhizosphere soils, and applied DNA sequencing to assess the nirK and nirS- denitrifier community structure in ectomycorrhizosphere soils. Peroxidase activity was higher in the seedlings inoculated with T. melanosporum than in the T. indicum inoculation and uninoculated control treatments. The available phosphorus contents were lower and nitrate contents were higher in those with truffle inoculation, and T. melanosporum treatment differed more from the control than the T. indicum treatment. The richness of the nirK-community was highest in the T. indicum treatment and lowest in the uninoculated treatment. The differences in nirK-community composition across treatments were not statistically significant, but the nirS communities were different. The nirS-type bacteria correlated with three environmental factors (pH, available phosphorus, and nitrate contents), whereas the nirK-type bacteria were only associated with the nitrate contents. Generally, this work revealed that inoculation with Tuber spp. would change a few nutrient contents and richness of nirK-type bacteria and had little effects on growth of Q. aliena seedlings in the initial stage of inoculation. The results of this study may provide in-depth insights into the relationships between Tuber spp. and hosts, which should be taken into account when developing truffle production methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongjing Kang
- Department of Microbiology, College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Soil and Fertilizer Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaolin Li
- Soil and Fertilizer Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Microbiology, College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lei Ye
- Soil and Fertilizer Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Soil and Fertilizer Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoping Zhang
- Department of Microbiology, College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Soil and Fertilizer Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Petri Penttinen
- Department of Microbiology, College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Yunfu Gu
- Department of Microbiology, College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
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Ma W, Yang Z, Liang L, Ma Q, Wang G, Zhao T. Characteristics of the Fungal Communities and Co-occurrence Networks in Hazelnut Tree Root Endospheres and Rhizosphere Soil. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:749871. [PMID: 34956257 PMCID: PMC8692873 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.749871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Hazelnut has gained economic value in China in recent years, but its large-scale planting and research started later than other countries. Conducting basic research on hazelnut trees requires studying their related microorganisms. Here, we used high-throughput DNA sequencing to quantify the fungal communities in the root endospheres and rhizosphere soil of four hazelnut species. Fungal diversity in the rhizosphere soil was significantly higher than that in the root endospheres. Rhizosphere soil had more Mortierellomycota, and the fungal community compositions differed among the four hazelnut species. The root endospheres, especially those of the Ping'ou (Corylus heterophylla × Corylus avellana) trees, contained more ectomycorrhizal fungi. The co-occurrence networks in the rhizosphere soil were more sophisticated and stable than those in the root endospheres, even when the root endospheres had higher modularity, because the structural differentiation of the root endospheres differed from that of the rhizosphere soil. Two-factor correlation network analysis and linear regression analysis showed that the total organic carbon was the main environmental factor affecting the fungal communities. Our study revealed the community compositions, functional predictions, and co-occurrence network structural characteristics of fungi in hazelnut root endospheres and rhizosphere soil. We also examined the potential keystone taxa, and analyzed the environmental factors of the dominant fungal community compositions. This study provides guidance for the growth of hazelnut and the management of hazelnut garden, and provides an insight for future development of fungal inoculants to be used in hazelnut root.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxu Ma
- Key Laboratory Tree Breeding and Cultivation of the National Forestry and Grassland Administration/Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Beijing, China
- National Hazelnut Industry Innovation Alliance of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing, China
- Hazelnut Engineering and Technical Research Center of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing, China
| | - Zhen Yang
- Key Laboratory Tree Breeding and Cultivation of the National Forestry and Grassland Administration/Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Beijing, China
- National Hazelnut Industry Innovation Alliance of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing, China
- Hazelnut Engineering and Technical Research Center of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing, China
| | - Lisong Liang
- Key Laboratory Tree Breeding and Cultivation of the National Forestry and Grassland Administration/Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Beijing, China
- National Hazelnut Industry Innovation Alliance of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing, China
- Hazelnut Engineering and Technical Research Center of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing, China
| | - Qinghua Ma
- Key Laboratory Tree Breeding and Cultivation of the National Forestry and Grassland Administration/Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Beijing, China
- National Hazelnut Industry Innovation Alliance of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing, China
- Hazelnut Engineering and Technical Research Center of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing, China
| | - Guixi Wang
- Key Laboratory Tree Breeding and Cultivation of the National Forestry and Grassland Administration/Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Beijing, China
- National Hazelnut Industry Innovation Alliance of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing, China
- Hazelnut Engineering and Technical Research Center of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing, China
| | - Tiantian Zhao
- Key Laboratory Tree Breeding and Cultivation of the National Forestry and Grassland Administration/Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Beijing, China
- National Hazelnut Industry Innovation Alliance of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing, China
- Hazelnut Engineering and Technical Research Center of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing, China
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Ma W, Yang Z, Liang L, Ma Q, Wang G, Zhao T. Seasonal Changes in Soil Microbial Community and Co-Occurrence Network of Species of the Genus Corylus. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9112228. [PMID: 34835354 PMCID: PMC8625130 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9112228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hazelnut is one of the four major nuts in the world and has high nutritional and economic value. This study employed Illumina sequencing of ITS rDNA and 16S rRNA genes to identify the seasonal changes in soil microbial community, the predominant environmental factors driving microbial community composition, and the differences in soil microbial composition among different species of the genus Corylus. We found that the soil microbial community composition of species of Corylus changed significantly with the change in seasons. Corylus heterophylla and Corylus kweichowensis had more ectomycorrhiza in their soil compared to Corylus avellane. The main factor influencing fungal community composition in soil was the available potassium, while that of bacteria was the total phosphorus content. Co-occurrence network analysis revealed that the ratio of positive interaction to negative interaction in soil of C. heterophylla and Ping’ou (C. heterophylla × C. avellane) was higher, while the negative interaction of soil community structure in C. avellane was greater. The bacterial community was more stable than the fungal community according to microbial diversity and co-occurrence network analyses. The findings of this research may facilitate improvements to the production and soil system management in hazel planting processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxu Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Beijing 100091, China; (W.M.); (Z.Y.); (L.L.); (Q.M.); (G.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of the National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
- Hazelnut Engineering and Technical Research Center of the State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing 100091, China
- National Forestry and Grassland Innovation Alliance on Hazelnut, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Zhen Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Beijing 100091, China; (W.M.); (Z.Y.); (L.L.); (Q.M.); (G.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of the National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
- Hazelnut Engineering and Technical Research Center of the State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing 100091, China
- National Forestry and Grassland Innovation Alliance on Hazelnut, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Lisong Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Beijing 100091, China; (W.M.); (Z.Y.); (L.L.); (Q.M.); (G.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of the National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
- Hazelnut Engineering and Technical Research Center of the State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing 100091, China
- National Forestry and Grassland Innovation Alliance on Hazelnut, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Qinghua Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Beijing 100091, China; (W.M.); (Z.Y.); (L.L.); (Q.M.); (G.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of the National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
- Hazelnut Engineering and Technical Research Center of the State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing 100091, China
- National Forestry and Grassland Innovation Alliance on Hazelnut, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Guixi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Beijing 100091, China; (W.M.); (Z.Y.); (L.L.); (Q.M.); (G.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of the National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
- Hazelnut Engineering and Technical Research Center of the State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing 100091, China
- National Forestry and Grassland Innovation Alliance on Hazelnut, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Tiantian Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Beijing 100091, China; (W.M.); (Z.Y.); (L.L.); (Q.M.); (G.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of the National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
- Hazelnut Engineering and Technical Research Center of the State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing 100091, China
- National Forestry and Grassland Innovation Alliance on Hazelnut, Beijing 100091, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-010-62888537
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Khalifa SA, Farag MA, Yosri N, Sabir JS, Saeed A, Al-Mousawi SM, Taha W, Musharraf SG, Patel S, El-Seedi HR. Truffles: From Islamic culture to chemistry, pharmacology, and food trends in recent times. Trends Food Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2019.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Yang M, Zou J, Liu C, Xiao Y, Zhang X, Yan L, Ye L, Tang P, Li X. Chinese white truffles shape the ectomycorrhizal microbial communities of Corylus avellana. ANN MICROBIOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s13213-019-1445-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Álvarez-Lafuente A, Benito-Matías LF, Peñuelas-Rubira JL, Suz LM. Multi-cropping edible truffles and sweet chestnuts: production of high-quality Castanea sativa seedlings inoculated with Tuber aestivum, its ecotype T. uncinatum, T. brumale, and T. macrosporum. MYCORRHIZA 2018; 28:29-38. [PMID: 29101543 DOI: 10.1007/s00572-017-0805-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The plantation and management of sweet chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) orchards is a common and traditional land use system in many areas of Europe that offers the advantage of simultaneous production of nuts and timber. During the last decades, sweet chestnut has declined dramatically in many regions because of the profound social changes in rural areas coupled with pathogen attacks. Truffles, the hypogeous ascocarps of the ectomycorrhizal genus Tuber, are currently cultivated using host trees inoculated with these fungi for improving production in truffle orchards. The production of good forestry quality chestnut seedlings inoculated with European truffles in nurseries is essential for multi-cropping plantation establishment, but so far, it has not been implemented in agroforestry practices. Moreover, it is necessary to assess the physiological condition of the seedlings due to the high calcium amendment needed for the growth of Tuber spp. mycelium that can become toxic for the host plants. In this study, seedlings of C. sativa were inoculated with Tuber aestivum and its ecotypes T. uncinatum, T. brumale, and T. macrosporum and were grown in a greenhouse using culture conditions favorable for the production of high-quality plants for forestry purposes. At the end of the assay, levels of root colonization and morphological and physiological parameters of the seedlings were measured. The colonization of C. sativa with T. aestivum, its ecotype T. uncinatum, and T. brumale was successful, and the seedlings showed normal growth. Inoculation protocols with T. macrosporum need to be improved. Tuber species formed well-developed ectomycorrhizae on C. sativa in nursery conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amaya Álvarez-Lafuente
- TRAGSA CNRGF "El Serranillo," Ministerio de Agricultura y Pesca, Alimentación y Medio Ambiente, 19080, Guadalajara, Spain.
| | | | - Juan L Peñuelas-Rubira
- TRAGSA CNRGF "El Serranillo," Ministerio de Agricultura y Pesca, Alimentación y Medio Ambiente, 19080, Guadalajara, Spain
| | - Laura M Suz
- Comparative Plant and Fungal Biology, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, TW9 3DS, England
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Bonito GM, Smith ME. General Systematic Position of the Truffles: Evolutionary Theories. SOIL BIOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-31436-5_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
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Taxonomy, Biology and Ecology of Tuber macrosporum Vittad. and Tuber mesentericum Vittad. SOIL BIOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-31436-5_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Benucci GMN, Raggi L, Albertini E, Csorbai AG, Donnini D. Assessment of ectomycorrhizal biodiversity in Tuber macrosporum productive sites. MYCORRHIZA 2014; 24:281-292. [PMID: 24232503 DOI: 10.1007/s00572-013-0538-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2013] [Accepted: 10/27/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Tuber macrosporum Vittad. is a truffle with superb organoleptic properties, whose cultivation is still in its infancy. For the first time we have aimed to provide information on ectomycorrhizal communities in natural and cultivated T. macrosporum sites. Ectomycorrhizal morphotypes were identified using ITS nrDNA sequencing and sorted into molecular operational taxonomic unit (MOTU). We detected 16 MOTUs in the T. macrosporum cultivated plantation. Ascomycota were the most abundant (86.4%) with Helvellaceae, Pyronemataceae and Pezizaceae the most common. Twenty-two MOTUs were collected in the natural T. macrosporum site. Basidiomycota morphotypes were plentiful (70.6%) and Thelephoraceae dominated. Each site had different taxa belowground with only T. macrosporum in common, being more abundant in the natural (18.2%) than in the cultivated (14.4%) site. Species richness, Simpson and Shannon diversity indices, taxonomic diversity, distinctness and variation of taxonomic distinctness were lower in the cultivated than in the natural site.
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Wang XH, Benucci GMN, Xie XD, Bonito G, Leisola M, Liu PG, Shamekh S. Morphological, mycorrhizal and molecular characterization of Finnish truffles belonging to the Tuber anniae species-complex. FUNGAL ECOL 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.funeco.2013.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Benucci GMN, Bonito G, Falini LB, Bencivenga M, Donnini D. Truffles, Timber, Food, and Fuel: Sustainable Approaches for Multi-cropping Truffles and Economically Important Plants. SOIL BIOLOGY 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-33823-6_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
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