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Pagliarani S, Vannini A, Kuzminsky E, Morales-Rodríguez C. Novel soil-less potting mixes for the mycorrhization of Quercus pubescens Willd. seedlings with Tuber melanosporum Vittad. BMC Plant Biol 2023; 23:249. [PMID: 37170201 PMCID: PMC10176669 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04194-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Truffle cultivation has quickly grown in Europe and elsewhere as a consequence of the increase in the demand of the market. Thus the optimization of the protocols for the production of elite mycorrhized plants are also needed, keeping in consideration the economic and environmental sustainability. The suitability of two compost-based potting mixes to produce Quercus pubescens Willd. plants mycorrhized with the black Périgord truffle T. melanosporum Vittad. was tested as an alternative to the traditional potting mix used. The effects on mycorrhizal development and the morphometric assessment of the root and shoot system of the Q. pubescens seedlings were investigated eight months after the spore slurry inoculation in a glasshouse experiment. From the results obtained, the compost mix containing green organic residues from pruning and mowing (Mix 2) achieved better performance than the control and the potting mix based on composted municipal organic wastes, showing significantly higher mycorrhization percentage, root length, number of root tips, and root forks. In conclusion, a potting mix containing recycled green organic matter, which is readily available, cheap, and environmentally sustainable, can offer excellent mycorrhization performances and may be included in the mycorrhization process of downy oak seedlings with T. melanosporum under controlled conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Pagliarani
- Department of Innovation of Biological Systems, Food and Forestry DIBAF, Tuscia University, Viterbo, Italy.
| | - Andrea Vannini
- Department of Innovation of Biological Systems, Food and Forestry DIBAF, Tuscia University, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Elena Kuzminsky
- Department of Innovation of Biological Systems, Food and Forestry DIBAF, Tuscia University, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Carmen Morales-Rodríguez
- Department of Innovation of Biological Systems, Food and Forestry DIBAF, Tuscia University, Viterbo, Italy
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Alicandri E, Vettraino AM, Agrimi M, Ciaffi M, Kuzminsky E. Molecular markers dataset to assess the genetic diversity of oriental plane trees from historical sites in Lazio (central Italy). Data Brief 2022; 42:108100. [PMID: 35402666 PMCID: PMC8987362 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2022.108100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The dataset presented in this article is related to the research paper titled “Dimensional and genetic characterization of the last oriental plane trees (Platanus orientalis L.) of historical sites in Lazio (central Italy)” (Ciaffi et al., 2022). Indeed, the molecular analyses reported in that article consisted in a comparison of Italian veteran plane trees with 12 certified accessions of P. orientalis, P. occidentalis and their hybrids P. acerifolia (4 individuals per species). First, LEAFY gene analyses allowed identifying 32 P. orientalis and two P. acerifolia in four sites of the province of Rome, confirming also that the two representative trees from the two gardens of the province of Viterbo belong to P. orientalis. Second, the use of Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR) and Inter Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR) molecular markers provided useful information regarding the genetic relationships within and among all the historical sites. Owing to the use of SSR and ISSR molecular markers, a dataset of parameters related to the genetic diversity of the same plant material was obtained and presented in this article. For SSR markers, seven loci previously developed for P. occidentalis (Lang, 2010) and two specifically developed for P. orientalis (Rinaldi et al., 2019) were employed. For ISSR markers, DNA samples were amplified with eight primers before used for the determination of genetic stability of micro-propagated plantlets of P. acerifolia (Huang et al., 2009) and for the genetic characterization of plane trees within the formal gardens of Villa Lante of Bagnaia and Palazzo Farnese (Viterbo, Italy) (Ciaffi et al., 2018). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the genetic diversity data for veteran oriental plane trees within heritage sites, which will offer helpful information for their management and conservation.
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Dell'Orso A, Kuzminsky E, Bermejo-Bermejo V, Ruiz-Checa R, Amo RAD, Meschini R. DNA integrity and ecophysiological responses of Spanish populations of Ulmus glabra to increasing ozone levels. Ecotoxicology 2021; 30:1098-1107. [PMID: 34110543 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-021-02436-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Ulmus glabra is a deciduous tree with a wide distribution in the Eurosiberian region. The southernmost populations, in the Mediterranean area, are fragmented in mountain areas which act as a refugium. These small relict populations can act as sentinel of global change, including climate change and impacts of human activities such as air pollution. Besides, tropospheric ozone (O3) is an additional stress factor in the Mediterranean region affecting plant physiology and health. Moreover, oxidative stress caused by O3 could increase DNA damage in plants cells. U. glabra 4-year-old seedlings originated from a natural population growing in the Guadarrama mountain range (central Spain), were exposed in Open Top Chambers to four O3 treatments: charcoal filtered air, non-filtered air reproducing ambient levels, non-filtered air supplemented with 15 nl l-1 O3 and non- filtered air supplemented with 30 nl l-1 O3. Ozone effects on the DNA integrity through Comet assay were evaluated and eco-physiological responses were explored as well as. Comet assay showed a significant increase of DNA damage with increasing levels of O3 after only one-month exposure, when no eco-physiological symptoms of damage could be detected. Comet assay could thus be suggested as a predictive test to detect DNA damage induced in plants by other abiotic stresses as well as to identify tolerant and sensitive species or in preservation strategies of small relict populations. The discovery of a test for an early identification of stressed plants could be important to speed the selection of tolerant individuals for breeding programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Raquel Ruiz-Checa
- Área de Biodiversidad y Conservación, Dpto. de Biología, Geología, Física y Química Inorgánica, ESCET, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Móstoles, Spain
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Marini F, Manetti MC, Corona P, Portoghesi L, Vinciguerra V, Tamantini S, Kuzminsky E, Zikeli F, Romagnoli M. Influence of forest stand characteristics on physical, mechanical properties and chemistry of chestnut wood. Sci Rep 2021; 11:1549. [PMID: 33452300 PMCID: PMC7810745 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-80558-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Site conditions and forest management affect dendrometric parameters of chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) coppices, but there is modest knowledge on the effect of stand dendrometric characters on physical and mechanical wood characteristics. The aim of this study was to verify these relationships in chestnut coppices that were 12–14 years old. Wood density, compression and bending strength, shrinkages were measured on shoots of five different stand in a vulcanic site in Monte Amiata (Central – Italy). Investigated stands differ in number of stools/ha and dominant height, diameter/basal area of the shoots. The main difference in the physical characters among the stands is density. The initial results of the study showed that physical, mechanical wood characters are more dependent by the shoot than by the site. There is a positive relationships between the number of stools/ha and density and a negative one among shoot dominant height and basal area with wood density. Spectroscopic profile by FTIR has not showed relevant differences among the stands. Wood anatomy has showed the breakpoint at cellular level.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Chiara Manetti
- CREA (Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l'analisi dell'economia agraria), Research Centre for Forestry and Wood, Arezzo, Italy.
| | - Piermaria Corona
- Università degli Studi della Tuscia (DIBAF), Viterbo, Italy.,CREA (Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l'analisi dell'economia agraria), Research Centre for Forestry and Wood, Arezzo, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | - Florian Zikeli
- Università degli Studi della Tuscia (DIBAF), Viterbo, Italy.,Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, Technische Universität Wien (AT), Vienna, Austria
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Kuzminsky E, Meschini R, Terzoli S, Pavani L, Silvestri C, Choury Z, Scarascia-Mugnozza G. Isolation of Mesophyll Protoplasts from Mediterranean Woody Plants for the Study of DNA Integrity under Abiotic Stress. Front Plant Sci 2016; 7:1168. [PMID: 27574524 PMCID: PMC4983556 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Abiotic stresses have considerable negative impact on Mediterranean plant ecosystems and better comprehension of the genetic control of response and adaptation of trees to global changes is urgently needed. The single cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE) assay could be considered a good estimator of DNA damage in an individual eukaryotic cell. This method has been mainly employed in animal tissues, because the plant cell wall represents an obstacle for the extraction of nuclei; moreover, in Mediterranean woody species, especially in the sclerophyll plants, this procedure can be quite difficult because of the presence of sclerenchyma and hardened cells. On the other hand, these plants represent an interesting material to be studied because of the ability of these plants to tolerate abiotic stress. For instance, holm oak (Quercus ilex L.) has been selected as the model plant to identify critical levels of O3 for Southern European forests. Consequently, a quantitative method for the evaluation of cell injury of leaf tissues of this species is required. Optimal conditions for high-yield nuclei isolation were obtained by using protoplast technology and a detailed description of the method is provided and discussed. White poplar (Populus alba L.) was used as an internal control for protoplast isolation. Such a method has not been previously reported in newly fully developed leaves of holm oak. This method combined with SCGE assay represents a new tool for testing the DNA integrity of leaf tissues in higher plants under stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Kuzminsky
- Laboratory of Forest Biotechnology, Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-food and Forest systems, University of TusciaViterbo, Italy
| | - Roberta Meschini
- Laboratory of Molecular Cytogenetic and Mutagenesis, Department of Ecological and Biological Science, University of TusciaViterbo, Italy
| | - Serena Terzoli
- Laboratory of Forest Biotechnology, Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-food and Forest systems, University of TusciaViterbo, Italy
| | - Liliana Pavani
- Laboratory of Forest Biotechnology, Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-food and Forest systems, University of TusciaViterbo, Italy
| | - Cristian Silvestri
- Laboratory of Tissue Culture and Biotechnology of Woody Plants, Department of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, University of TusciaViterbo, Italy
| | - Zineb Choury
- Laboratory of Forest Biotechnology, Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-food and Forest systems, University of TusciaViterbo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Scarascia-Mugnozza
- Laboratory of Forest Biotechnology, Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-food and Forest systems, University of TusciaViterbo, Italy
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Fusaro L, Gerosa G, Salvatori E, Marzuoli R, Monga R, Kuzminsky E, Angelaccio C, Quarato D, Fares S. Early and late adjustments of the photosynthetic traits and stomatal density in Quercus ilex L. grown in an ozone-enriched environment. Plant Biol (Stuttg) 2016; 18 Suppl 1:13-21. [PMID: 26307426 DOI: 10.1111/plb.12383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Quercus ilex L. seedlings were exposed in open-top chambers for one growing season to three levels of ozone (O3 ): charcoal filtered air, non-filtered air supplemented with +30% or +74% ambient air O3 . Key functional parameters related to photosynthetic performance and stomatal density were measured to evaluate the response mechanisms of Q. ilex to chronic O3 exposure, clarifying how ecophysiological traits are modulated during the season in an ozone-enriched environment. Dark respiration showed an early response to O3 exposure, increasing approximately 45% relative to charcoal-filtered air in both O3 enriched treatments. However, at the end of the growing season, maximum rate of assimilation (Amax ) and stomatal conductance (gs ) showed a decline (-13% and -36%, for Amax and gs , respectively) only in plants under higher O3 levels. Photosystem I functionality supported the capacity of Q. ilex to cope with oxidative stress by adjusting the energy flow partitioning inside the photosystems. The response to O3 was also characterised by increased stomatal density in both O3 enriched treatments relative to controls. Our results suggest that in order to improve the reliability of metrics for O3 risk assessment, the seasonal changes in the response of gs and photosynthetic machinery to O3 stress should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Fusaro
- Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - G Gerosa
- Department of Mathematics and Physics, Catholic University, Brescia, Italy
| | - E Salvatori
- Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - R Marzuoli
- Department of Mathematics and Physics, Catholic University, Brescia, Italy
| | - R Monga
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - E Kuzminsky
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-Food and Forest Systems (DIBAF), University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
| | - C Angelaccio
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-Food and Forest Systems (DIBAF), University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
| | - D Quarato
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-Food and Forest Systems (DIBAF), University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
| | - S Fares
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for the Soil-Plant System, Rome, Italy
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Beritognolo I, Harfouche A, Brilli F, Prosperini G, Gaudet M, Brosché M, Salani F, Kuzminsky E, Auvinen P, Paulin L, Kangasjärvi J, Loreto F, Valentini R, Mugnozza GS, Sabatti M. Comparative study of transcriptional and physiological responses to salinity stress in two contrasting Populus alba L. genotypes. Tree Physiol 2011; 31:1335-1355. [PMID: 21911439 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpr083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Soil salinity is an important limiting factor to tree growth and productivity. Populus alba L. is a moderately salt-tolerant species and its natural populations are adapted to contrasting environments, thus providing genetic resources to identify key genes for tolerance to abiotic stress, such as salinity. To elucidate the molecular and genetic basis of variation for salinity tolerance in P. alba, we analyzed the short-term ecophysiological and transcriptome response to salinity. Two contrasting genotypes, 6K3, salt sensitive, and 14P11, salt tolerant, originating from North and South Italy, respectively, were challenged with salt stress (200 mM NaCl). Sodium accumulated in the leaves of salt-treated plants and its concentration increased with time. The net photosynthesis was strongly reduced by salinity in both genotypes, with 6K3 being significantly more affected than 14P11. The transcriptional changes in leaves were analyzed using cDNA microarrays containing about 7000 stress-related poplar expressed sequence tags (EST). A microarray experiment based on RNA pooling showed a number of salinity--regulated transcripts that markedly increased from 3 h to 3 days of salinity treatment. Thus, a detailed analysis was performed on replicated plants collected at 3 days, when ~20% of transcripts showed significant change induced by salinity. In 6K3, there were more genes with decreased expression than genes with increased expression, whereas such a difference was not found in 14P11. Most transcripts with decreased expression were shared between the two genotypes, whereas transcripts with increased expression were mostly regulated in a genotype-specific manner. The commonly decreased transcripts (71 genes) were functionally related to carbohydrate metabolism, energy metabolism and photosynthesis. These biological processes were consistent with the strong inhibition of photosynthesis, caused by salinity. The commonly increased transcripts (13 genes) were functionally related to primary metabolism and biosynthesis of proteins and macromolecules. The salinity-increased transcripts discriminated the molecular response of the two genotypes. In 14P11, the 21 genes specifically salinity-induced were related to stress response, cell development, cell death and catabolism. In 6K3, the 15 genes with salinity-increased expression were involved in protein biosynthesis, metabolism of macromolecules and cell organization and biogenesis. The difference in transcriptome response between the two genotypes could address the molecular basis of intra-specific variation of salinity tolerance in P. alba.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isacco Beritognolo
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-Food and Forest Systems, University of Tuscia, Via S. Camillo de Lellis, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
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Terzoli S, Beritognolo I, Sabatti M, Kuzminsky E. Development of a novel set of EST-SSR markers and cross-species amplification in Tamarix africana (Tamaricaceae). Am J Bot 2010; 97:e45-e47. [PMID: 21622457 DOI: 10.3732/ajb.1000112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE OF THE STUDY Tamarix plants are resistant to abiotic stresses and have become invasive in North America. Their taxonomy is troublesome, and few molecular makers are available to enable species identification or to track the spread of specific invasive genotypes. Transcriptome sequencing projects offer a potential source for the development of new markers. • METHODS AND RESULTS Thirteen polymorphic simple sequence repeats (SSRs) markers derived from Expressed Sequence Tags (ESTs) from Tamarix hispida, T. androssowii, T. ramosissima, and T. albiflonum were identified and screened on 24 samples of T. africana to detect polymorphism. The number of alleles per locus ranged from two to eight, with an average of 4.3 alleles per locus, and the mean expected heterozygosity was 0.453. • CONCLUSIONS Amplification products of these 13 loci were also generated for T. gallica. These new EST-SSR markers will be useful in genetic characterization of Tamarix, as additional tools for taxonomic clarification, and for studying invasive populations where they are a threat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Terzoli
- Department of Forest Environment and Resources, University of Tuscia, via S. Camillo de Lellis snc. I-01100 Viterbo, Italy
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Taylor G, Tricker PJ, Zhang FZ, Alston VJ, Miglietta F, Kuzminsky E. Spatial and temporal effects of free-air CO2 enrichment (POPFACE) on leaf growth, cell expansion, and cell production in a closed canopy of poplar. Plant Physiol 2003; 131:177-85. [PMID: 12529526 PMCID: PMC166798 DOI: 10.1104/pp.011296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2002] [Revised: 08/18/2002] [Accepted: 09/30/2002] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Leaf expansion in the fast-growing tree, Populus x euramericana was stimulated by elevated [CO(2)] in a closed-canopy forest plantation, exposed using a free air CO(2) enrichment technique enabling long-term experimentation in field conditions. The effects of elevated [CO(2)] over time were characterized and related to the leaf plastochron index (LPI), and showed that leaf expansion was stimulated at very early (LPI, 0-3) and late (LPI, 6-8) stages in development. Early and late effects of elevated [CO(2)] were largely the result of increased cell expansion and increased cell production, respectively. Spatial effects of elevated [CO(2)] were also marked and increased final leaf size resulted from an effect on leaf area, but not leaf length, demonstrating changed leaf shape in response to [CO(2)]. Leaves exhibited a basipetal gradient of leaf development, investigated by defining seven interveinal areas, with growth ceasing first at the leaf tip. Interestingly, and in contrast to other reports, no spatial differences in epidermal cell size were apparent across the lamina, whereas a clear basipetal gradient in cell production rate was found. These data suggest that the rate and timing of cell production was more important in determining leaf shape, given the constant cell size across the leaf lamina. The effect of elevated [CO(2)] imposed on this developmental gradient suggested that leaf cell production continued longer in elevated [CO(2)] and that basal increases in cell production rate were also more important than altered cell expansion for increased final leaf size and altered leaf shape in elevated [CO(2)].
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Affiliation(s)
- Gail Taylor
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Bassett Crescent East, Southampton S016 7PX, United Kingdom.
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Valentini R, Mugnozza GS, Giordano E, Kuzminsky E. Influence of cold hardening on water relations of three Eucalyptus species. Tree Physiol 1990; 6:1-10. [PMID: 14972956 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/6.1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Water relations of three Eucalyptus species (E. x trabutii Wilm., E. viminalis Labill., E. dalrympleana Maid.), widely planted in the Mediterranean basin, were analyzed throughout an entire year in relation to natural cold hardening. Osmotic potential, both at saturation and at the turgor loss point, showed a greater reduction during hardening in the more frost-resistant E. viminalis and E. dalrympleana than in the more frost-sensitive E. x trabutii. The hardening capabilities of all species were analyzed in relation to the freezing dehydration index, FDI, a parameter derived from pressure-volume analysis which represents the water lost when cells, initially at the turgor loss point, attain thermodynamic equilibrium with extraplasmatic ice. The FDI at the killing temperature showed little variation either between frost-sensitive and frost-resistant species, or between hardened and non-hardened plants. The index may, therefore, be useful for evaluating a plant's potential for injury by freeze-induced desiccation.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Valentini
- Istituto Biologico Selvicolturale, Università della Tuscia, Via De Lellis 4-01100, Viterbo, Italy
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