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Martin FM, van der Heijden MGA. The mycorrhizal symbiosis: research frontiers in genomics, ecology, and agricultural application. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 242:1486-1506. [PMID: 38297461 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Mycorrhizal symbioses between plants and fungi are vital for the soil structure, nutrient cycling, plant diversity, and ecosystem sustainability. More than 250 000 plant species are associated with mycorrhizal fungi. Recent advances in genomics and related approaches have revolutionized our understanding of the biology and ecology of mycorrhizal associations. The genomes of 250+ mycorrhizal fungi have been released and hundreds of genes that play pivotal roles in regulating symbiosis development and metabolism have been characterized. rDNA metabarcoding and metatranscriptomics provide novel insights into the ecological cues driving mycorrhizal communities and functions expressed by these associations, linking genes to ecological traits such as nutrient acquisition and soil organic matter decomposition. Here, we review genomic studies that have revealed genes involved in nutrient uptake and symbiosis development, and discuss adaptations that are fundamental to the evolution of mycorrhizal lifestyles. We also evaluated the ecosystem services provided by mycorrhizal networks and discuss how mycorrhizal symbioses hold promise for sustainable agriculture and forestry by enhancing nutrient acquisition and stress tolerance. Overall, unraveling the intricate dynamics of mycorrhizal symbioses is paramount for promoting ecological sustainability and addressing current pressing environmental concerns. This review ends with major frontiers for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis M Martin
- Université de Lorraine, INRAE, UMR IAM, Champenoux, 54280, France
- Institute of Applied Mycology, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Marcel G A van der Heijden
- Department of Agroecology & Environment, Plant-Soil Interactions, Agroscope, Zürich, 8046, Switzerland
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zürich, Zürich, 8057, Switzerland
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Pajić T, Stevanović K, Todorović NV, Krmpot AJ, Živić M, Savić-Šević S, Lević SM, Stanić M, Pantelić D, Jelenković B, Rabasović MD. In vivo femtosecond laser nanosurgery of the cell wall enabling patch-clamp measurements on filamentous fungi. MICROSYSTEMS & NANOENGINEERING 2024; 10:47. [PMID: 38590818 PMCID: PMC10999429 DOI: 10.1038/s41378-024-00664-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Studying the membrane physiology of filamentous fungi is key to understanding their interactions with the environment and crucial for developing new therapeutic strategies for disease-causing pathogens. However, their plasma membrane has been inaccessible for a micron-sized patch-clamp pipette for pA current recordings due to the rigid chitinous cell wall. Here, we report the first femtosecond IR laser nanosurgery of the cell wall of the filamentous fungi, which enabled patch-clamp measurements on protoplasts released from hyphae. A reproducible and highly precise (diffraction-limited, submicron resolution) method for obtaining viable released protoplasts was developed. Protoplast release from the nanosurgery-generated incisions in the cell wall was achieved from different regions of the hyphae. The plasma membrane of the obtained protoplasts formed tight and high-resistance (GΩ) contacts with the recording pipette. The entire nanosurgical procedure followed by the patch-clamp technique could be completed in less than 1 hour. Compared to previous studies using heterologously expressed channels, this technique provides the opportunity to identify new ionic currents and to study the properties of the ion channels in the protoplasts of filamentous fungi in their native environment.
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Grants
- Ministarstvo Prosvete, Nauke i Tehnološkog Razvoja (Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development of the Republic of Serbia)
- This work was supported by the Ministry of Science, Technological Development and Innovations, Republic of Serbia [contract number: 451-03-47/2023-01/200178]; The Project Advanced Biophysical Methods for Soil Targeted Fungi-Based Biocontrol Agents - BioPhysFUN [Grant number 4545] from Program DEVELOPMENT – Green program of cooperation between science and industry, Science Fund of the Republic of Serbia
- This work was supported by the Ministry of Science, Technological Development and Innovations, Republic of Serbia [contract number: 451-03-47/2023-01/200007]; The Project Advanced Biophysical Methods for Soil Targeted Fungi-Based Biocontrol Agents - BioPhysFUN [Grant number 4545] from Program DEVELOPMENT – Green program of cooperation between science and industry, Science Fund of the Republic of Serbia
- The Project Advanced Biophysical Methods for Soil Targeted Fungi-Based Biocontrol Agents - BioPhysFUN [Grant number 4545] from Program DEVELOPMENT – Green program of cooperation between science and industry, Science Fund of the Republic of Serbia; the Project HEMMAGINERO [Grant number 6066079] from Program PROMIS, Science Fund of the Republic of Serbia; and the Institute of Physics Belgrade, through the grant by the Ministry of Science, Technological Development and Innovations of the Republic of Serbia.
- The Institute of Physics Belgrade, through the grant by the Ministry of Science, Technological Development and Innovations of the Republic of Serbia
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Pajić
- Institute of Physiology and Biochemistry “Ivan Djaja”, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 16, 11158 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Katarina Stevanović
- Institute of Physiology and Biochemistry “Ivan Djaja”, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 16, 11158 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nataša V. Todorović
- Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”, University of Belgrade, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandar J. Krmpot
- Institute of Physics Belgrade, University of Belgrade, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, Pregrevica 118, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Miroslav Živić
- Institute of Physiology and Biochemistry “Ivan Djaja”, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 16, 11158 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Svetlana Savić-Šević
- Institute of Physics Belgrade, University of Belgrade, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, Pregrevica 118, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Steva M. Lević
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Agriculture, Nemanjina Street 6, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marina Stanić
- Institute for Multidisciplinary Research, University of Belgrade, Kneza Višeslava 1, 11030 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dejan Pantelić
- Institute of Physics Belgrade, University of Belgrade, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, Pregrevica 118, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Brana Jelenković
- Institute of Physics Belgrade, University of Belgrade, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, Pregrevica 118, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Mihailo D. Rabasović
- Institute of Physics Belgrade, University of Belgrade, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, Pregrevica 118, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia
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