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Paudel S, Apostolakos I, Vougat Ngom R, Tilli G, de Carvalho Ferreira HC, Piccirillo A. A systematic review and meta-analysis on the efficacy of vaccination against colibacillosis in broiler production. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0301029. [PMID: 38517875 PMCID: PMC10959377 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0301029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Colibacillosis, a disease caused by Escherichia coli in broiler chickens has serious implications on food safety, security, and economic sustainability. Antibiotics are required for treating the disease, while vaccination and biosecurity are used for its prevention. This systematic review and meta-analysis, conducted under the COST Action CA18217-European Network for Optimization of Veterinary Antimicrobial Treatment (ENOVAT), aimed to assess the efficacy of E. coli vaccination in broiler production and provide evidence-based recommendations. A comprehensive search of bibliographic databases, including, PubMed, CAB Abstracts, Web of Science and Agricola, yielded 2,722 articles. Following a defined protocol, 39 studies were selected for data extraction. Most of the studies were experimental infection trials, with only three field studies identified, underscoring the need for more field-based research. The selected studies reported various types of vaccines, including killed (n = 5), subunit (n = 8), outer membrane vesicles/protein-based (n = 4), live/live-attenuated (n = 16), and CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN) (n = 6) vaccines. The risk of bias assessment revealed that a significant proportion of studies reporting mortality (92.3%) or feed conversion ratio (94.8%) as outcomes, had "unclear" regarding bias. The meta-analysis, focused on live-attenuated and CpG ODN vaccines, demonstrated a significant trend favoring both vaccination types in reducing mortality. However, the review also highlighted the challenges in reproducing colibacillosis in experimental setups, due to considerable variation in challenge models involving different routes of infection, predisposing factors, and challenge doses. This highlights the need for standardizing the challenge model to facilitate comparisons between studies and ensure consistent evaluation of vaccine candidates. While progress has been made in the development of E. coli vaccines for broilers, further research is needed to address concerns such as limited heterologous protection, practicability for application, evaluation of efficacy in field conditions and adoption of novel approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surya Paudel
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR
- Clinic for Poultry and Fish Medicine, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ilias Apostolakos
- Veterinary Research Institute, Hellenic Agricultural Organization “DIMITRA”, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Ronald Vougat Ngom
- Department of Animal Production, School of Veterinary Medicine and Sciences, University of Ngaoundere, Ngaoundéré, Cameroon
- Veterinary Public Health Institute, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Giuditta Tilli
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Legnaro, Italy
| | | | - Alessandra Piccirillo
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Legnaro, Italy
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Furusawa M, Widgren S, Evers EG, Fischer EAJ. Quantifying health risks from ESBL-producing Escherichia coli in Dutch broiler production chains and potential interventions using compartmental models. Prev Vet Med 2024; 224:106121. [PMID: 38271921 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli (E. coli) in animals are considered a human health threat, because this type of bacteria can serve as a reservoir of antibiotic resistant genes and act as a continuous threat of the emergence of new resistant bacteria, in addition to the direct effect of making infection untreatable. Although the prevalence of ESBL producing bacteria in broilers was drastically reduced in the Netherlands, chicken meat still has the highest prevalence among meat products. Therefore, further control of the ESBL-producing E. coli in the broiler production chain is important to reduce public health risks. The main objectives of this study were to evaluate the effectiveness of intervention scenarios to reduce the transmission of ESBL-producing E. coli in the broiler production chain and to quantitatively estimate the risk to public health. In this study, we developed two different types of transmission models that described the observed time-related decline in prevalence during a production round: one with time-dependent decline in susceptibility and one with partial immunity to phylogenetic groups. Both models incorporated the environmental contamination effect between production rounds and within flocks. The parameter values, including transmission rate and recovery rate, were estimated by Approximate Bayesian computation (ABC) method using data from a longitudinal study in a Dutch organic broiler farm. We applied the models to the three production stages in the broiler production chain, beginning from the Parent Stock (PS) farms, the hatcheries, and to the broiler farms. In our models, eggs were collected from different parent stock farms and transported to the hatchery and from there to a broiler farm.The size of a flock and the number of farms were adjusted to the Dutch situation. Both models were able to describe the observed dynamics within and between the production stages equally well, with estimated ESBL-producing E. coli prevalence of 8.98% and 11.47% in broilers at slaughter and 0.12% and 0.15% in humans due to chicken consumption. Both models indicated that improving farm management to eliminate the bacteria from the environment was the most effective intervention, making this outcome robust. Although chicken meat consumption is not a major risk factor for human carriage of the bacteria according to our models, reducing the bacteria in the PS and broiler farm environment to at least one percent can further decrease the prevalence in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minori Furusawa
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, the Netherlands; Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Japan
| | - Stefan Widgren
- Department of Disease Control and Epidemiology, National Veterinary Institute, Sweden
| | - Eric G Evers
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control (CIb), National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), the Netherlands
| | - Egil A J Fischer
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, the Netherlands.
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Islam MS, Rahman MT. A Comprehensive Review on Bacterial Vaccines Combating Antimicrobial Resistance in Poultry. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11030616. [PMID: 36992200 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11030616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial vaccines have become a crucial tool in combating antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in poultry. The overuse and misuse of antibiotics in poultry farming have led to the development of AMR, which is a growing public health concern. Bacterial vaccines are alternative methods for controlling bacterial diseases in poultry, reducing the need for antibiotics and improving animal welfare. These vaccines come in different forms including live attenuated, killed, and recombinant vaccines, and they work by stimulating the immune system to produce a specific response to the target bacteria. There are many advantages to using bacterial vaccines in poultry, including reduced use of antibiotics, improved animal welfare, and increased profitability. However, there are also limitations such as vaccine efficacy and availability. The use of bacterial vaccines in poultry is regulated by various governmental bodies and there are economic considerations to be taken into account, including costs and return on investment. The future prospects for bacterial vaccines in poultry are promising, with advancements in genetic engineering and vaccine formulation, and they have the potential to improve the sustainability of the poultry industry. In conclusion, bacterial vaccines are essential in combating AMR in poultry and represent a crucial step towards a more sustainable and responsible approach to poultry farming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Saiful Islam
- Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Md Tanvir Rahman
- Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
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Pokharel P, Dhakal S, Dozois CM. The Diversity of Escherichia coli Pathotypes and Vaccination Strategies against This Versatile Bacterial Pathogen. Microorganisms 2023; 11:344. [PMID: 36838308 PMCID: PMC9965155 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11020344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Escherichia coli (E. coli) is a gram-negative bacillus and resident of the normal intestinal microbiota. However, some E. coli strains can cause diseases in humans, other mammals and birds ranging from intestinal infections, for example, diarrhea and dysentery, to extraintestinal infections, such as urinary tract infections, respiratory tract infections, meningitis, and sepsis. In terms of morbidity and mortality, pathogenic E. coli has a great impact on public health, with an economic cost of several billion dollars annually worldwide. Antibiotics are not usually used as first-line treatment for diarrheal illness caused by E. coli and in the case of bloody diarrhea, antibiotics are avoided due to the increased risk of hemolytic uremic syndrome. On the other hand, extraintestinal infections are treated with various antibiotics depending on the site of infection and susceptibility testing. Several alarming papers concerning the rising antibiotic resistance rates in E. coli strains have been published. The silent pandemic of multidrug-resistant bacteria including pathogenic E. coli that have become more difficult to treat favored prophylactic approaches such as E. coli vaccines. This review provides an overview of the pathogenesis of different pathotypes of E. coli, the virulence factors involved and updates on the major aspects of vaccine development against different E. coli pathotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pravil Pokharel
- Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS), 531 Boul des Prairies, Laval, QC H7V 1B7, Canada
- Centre de Recherche en Infectiologie Porcine et Avicole (CRIPA), Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal Saint-Hyacinthe, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada
| | - Sabin Dhakal
- Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS), 531 Boul des Prairies, Laval, QC H7V 1B7, Canada
- Centre de Recherche en Infectiologie Porcine et Avicole (CRIPA), Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal Saint-Hyacinthe, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada
| | - Charles M. Dozois
- Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS), 531 Boul des Prairies, Laval, QC H7V 1B7, Canada
- Centre de Recherche en Infectiologie Porcine et Avicole (CRIPA), Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal Saint-Hyacinthe, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada
- Pasteur Network, Laval, QC H7V 1B7, Canada
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Hassan IZ, Wandrag B, Gouws JJ, Qekwana DN, Naidoo V. Antimicrobial resistance and mcr-1 gene in Escherichia coli isolated from poultry samples submitted to a bacteriology laboratory in South Africa. Vet World 2021; 14:2662-2669. [PMID: 34903923 PMCID: PMC8654743 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2021.2662-2669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and recently mobilized colistin resistance (mcr-1) associated colistin resistance among Escherichia coli isolates have been attributed to the overuse of antimicrobials in livestock production. E. coli remains an important pathogen, often associated with mortality and low carcass weight in poultry medicine; therefore, the need to use antimicrobials is common. The study aimed to determine the AMR profile and presence of mcr-1 and mcr-2 genes in avian pathogenic E. coli from poultry samples tested at a bacteriology laboratory for routine diagnosis. This is a first step in understanding the effectiveness of mitigation strategies. Materials and Methods Fifty E. coli strains were assessed for resistance against ten antimicrobial drugs using broth microdilution. All isolates with a colistin minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 2 μg/mL were analyzed for the presence of mcr-1 and mcr-2 genes by employing the polymerase chain reaction. For each isolate, the following farm information was obtained: farm location, type of farm, and on-farm use of colistin. Results Sixty-eight percent of the strains were resistant to at least one antimicrobial; 44% were multiple drug-resistant (MDR). Most E. coli isolates were resistant to doxycycline (44%), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (38%), ampicillin (32%), and enrofloxacin (32%). None of the E. coli strains was resistant to colistin sulfate (MIC90 of 2 μg/mL). Only one E. coli isolate held the mcr-1 gene; none carried the mcr-2 gene. Conclusion Resistance among E. coli isolates in this study was fairly high. Resistance to commonly used antimicrobials was observed, such as doxycycline, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and enrofloxacin. Only a single E. coli strain carried the mcr-1 gene, suggesting that mcr-1 and mcr-2 genes are common among isolates in this study. The prevalence of AMR, however, suggests that farmers must implement standard biosecurity measures to reduce E. coli burden, and antimicrobial use to prolong the efficacy life span of some of these drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Z Hassan
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Veterinary Pharmacology/Toxicology Section, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Buks Wandrag
- Department of Production Animal Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Johan J Gouws
- Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Daniel N Qekwana
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Veterinary Public Health Section, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Vinny Naidoo
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Veterinary Pharmacology/Toxicology Section, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
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Swelum AA, Elbestawy AR, El-Saadony MT, Hussein EOS, Alhotan R, Suliman GM, Taha AE, Ba-Awadh H, El-Tarabily KA, Abd El-Hack ME. Ways to minimize bacterial infections, with special reference to Escherichia coli, to cope with the first-week mortality in chicks: an updated overview. Poult Sci 2021; 100:101039. [PMID: 33752065 PMCID: PMC8010699 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
On the commercial level, the poultry industry strives to find new techniques to combat bird's infection. During the first week, mortality rate increases in birds because of several bacterial infections of about ten bacterial species, especially colisepticemia. This affects the flock production, uniformity, and suitability for slaughter because of chronic infections. Escherichia coli (E. coli) causes various disease syndromes in poultry, including yolk sac infection (omphalitis), respiratory tract infection, and septicemia. The E. coli infections in the neonatal poultry are being characterized by septicemia. The acute septicemia may cause death, while the subacute form could be characterized through pericarditis, airsacculitis, and perihepatitis. Many E. coli isolates are commonly isolated from commercial broiler chickens as serogroups O1, O2, and O78. Although prophylactic antibiotics were used to control mortality associated with bacterial infections of neonatal poultry in the past, the commercial poultry industry is searching for alternatives. This is because of the consumer's demand for reduced antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Despite the vast and rapid development in vaccine technologies against common chicken infectious diseases, no antibiotic alternatives are commercially available to prevent bacterial infections of neonatal chicks. Recent research confirmed the utility of probiotics to improve the health of neonatal poultry. However, probiotics were not efficacious to minimize death and clinical signs associated with neonatal chicks' bacterial infections. This review focuses on the causes of the increased mortality in broiler chicks during the first week of age and the methods used to minimize death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayman A Swelum
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed R Elbestawy
- Poultry and Fish Diseases Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, El Beheira 22511, Egypt
| | - Mohamed T El-Saadony
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Elsayed O S Hussein
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rashed Alhotan
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gamaleldin M Suliman
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ayman E Taha
- Department of Animal Husbandry and Animal Wealth Development, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Edfina 22578, Egypt
| | - Hani Ba-Awadh
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khaled A El-Tarabily
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates; Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, 6150, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Mohamed E Abd El-Hack
- Department of Poultry, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
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