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Alshahrani MY, Jasim SA, Altalbawy FMA, Bansal P, Kaur H, Al-Hamdani MM, Deorari M, Abosaoda MK, Hamzah HF, A Mohammed B. A comprehensive insight into the immunomodulatory role of MSCs-derived exosomes (MSC-Exos) through modulating pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs). Cell Biochem Funct 2024; 42:e4029. [PMID: 38773914 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.4029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes (MSC-Exos) are emerging as remarkable agents in the field of immunomodulation with vast potential for diagnosing and treating various diseases, including cancer and autoimmune disorders. These tiny vesicles are laden with a diverse cargo encompassing proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, and bioactive molecules, offering a wealth of biomarkers and therapeutic options. MSC-Exos exhibit their immunomodulatory prowess by skillfully regulating pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs). They conduct a symphony of immunological responses, modulating B-cell activities, polarizing macrophages toward anti-inflammatory phenotypes, and fine-tuning T-cell activity. These interactions have profound implications for precision medicine, cancer immunotherapy, autoimmune disease management, biomarker discovery, and regulatory approvals. MSC-Exos promises to usher in a new era of tailored therapies, personalized diagnostics, and more effective treatments for various medical conditions. As research advances, their transformative potential in healthcare becomes increasingly evident.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Y Alshahrani
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Farag M A Altalbawy
- Department of Chemistry, University College of Duba, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - Pooja Bansal
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetics, Jain (Deemed-to-be) University, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
- Department of Allied Healthcare and Sciences, Vivekananda Global University, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Harpreet Kaur
- School of Basic & Applied Sciences, Shobhit University, Gangoh, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Department of Health & Allied Sciences, Arka Jain University, Jamshedpur, Jharkhand, India
| | | | - Mahamedha Deorari
- Uttaranchal Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, India
| | - Munther Kadhim Abosaoda
- College of Pharmacy, The Islamic University, Najaf, Iraq
- College of Pharmacy, The Islamic University of Al Diwaniyah, Al Diwaniyah, Iraq
- College of Pharmacy, The Islamic University of Babylon, Al Diwaniyah, Iraq
| | - Hamza Fadhel Hamzah
- Department of Medical Laboratories Technology, AL-Nisour University College, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Bahira A Mohammed
- Department of Medical Laboratories Technology, AL-Nisour University College, Baghdad, Iraq
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Moghaddam MM, Behzadi E, Sedighian H, Goleij Z, Kachuei R, Heiat M, Fooladi AAI. Regulation of immune responses to infection through interaction between stem cell-derived exosomes and toll-like receptors mediated by microRNA cargoes. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1384420. [PMID: 38756232 PMCID: PMC11096519 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1384420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Infectious diseases are among the factors that account for a significant proportion of disease-related deaths worldwide. The primary treatment approach to combat microbial infections is the use of antibiotics. However, the widespread use of these drugs over the past two decades has led to the emergence of resistant microbial species, making the control of microbial infections a serious challenge. One of the most important solutions in the field of combating infectious diseases is the regulation of the host's defense system. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play a crucial role in the first primary defense against pathogens by identifying harmful endogenous molecules released from dying cells and damaged tissues as well as invading microbial agents. Therefore, they play an important role in communicating and regulating innate and adaptive immunity. Of course, excessive activation of TLRs can lead to disruption of immune homeostasis and increase the risk of inflammatory reactions. Targeting TLR signaling pathways has emerged as a new therapeutic approach for infectious diseases based on host-directed therapy (HDT). In recent years, stem cell-derived exosomes have received significant attention as factors regulating the immune system. The regulation effects of exosomes on the immune system are based on the HDT strategy, which is due to their cargoes. In general, the mechanism of action of stem cell-derived exosomes in HDT is by regulating and modulating immunity, promoting tissue regeneration, and reducing host toxicity. One of their most important cargoes is microRNAs, which have been shown to play a significant role in regulating immunity through TLRs. This review investigates the therapeutic properties of stem cell-derived exosomes in combating infections through the interaction between exosomal microRNAs and Toll-like receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrdad Moosazadeh Moghaddam
- Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elham Behzadi
- The Academy of Medical Sciences of I.R. Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Sedighian
- Applied Microbiology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zoleikha Goleij
- Applied Microbiology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Kachuei
- Molecular Biology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Heiat
- Baqiyatallah Research Center for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases (BRCGL), Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Ali Imani Fooladi
- Applied Microbiology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Del Amo C, Perez-Garrastachu M, Jauregui I, Llama-Pino X, Andia I. Assessing Bioprinted Functionalized Grafts for Biological Tendon Augmentation In Vitro. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4752. [PMID: 38731971 PMCID: PMC11084337 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Tendinopathy, characterized by inflammatory and degenerative changes, presents challenges in sports and medicine. In addressing the limitations of conservative management, this study focuses on developing tendon grafts using extrusion bioprinting with platelet-rich plasma (PRP)-infused hydrogels loaded with tendon cells. The objective is to understand paracrine interactions initiated by bioprinted tendon grafts in either inflamed or non-inflamed host tissues. PRP was utilized to functionalize methacrylate gelatin (GelMA), incorporating tendon cells for graft bioprinting. Bioinformatic analyses of overexpressed proteins, predictive of functional enrichment, revealed insights into PRP graft behavior in both non-inflamed and inflamed environments. PRP grafts activated inflammatory pathways, including Interleukin 17 (IL-17), neuroinflammation, Interleukin 33 (IL-33), and chemokine signaling. Interleukin 1 beta (IL-1b) in the graft environment triggered p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling, nuclear factor kappa light chain enhancer of activated B cells (NF-kB) canonical pathway, and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) signaling. Biological enrichment attributed to PRP grafts included cell chemotaxis, collagen turnover, cell migration, and angiogenesis. Acellular PRP grafts differed from nude grafts in promoting vessel length, vessel area, and junction density. Angiogenesis in cellular grafts was enhanced with newly synthesized Interleukin 8 (IL-8) in cooperation with IL-1b. In conclusion, paracrine signaling from PRP grafts, mediated by chemokine activities, influences cell migration, inflammation, and angiogenic status in host tissues. Under inflammatory conditions, newly synthesized IL-8 regulates vascularization in collaboration with PRP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Del Amo
- Regenerative Therapies, Biobizkaia Health Research Institute, 48903 Barakaldo, Bizkaia, Spain; (C.D.A.); (M.P.-G.); (X.L.-P.)
- 3D Printing and Bioprinting Lab, Biobizkaia Health Research Institute, 48903 Barakaldo, Bizkaia, Spain;
| | - Miguel Perez-Garrastachu
- Regenerative Therapies, Biobizkaia Health Research Institute, 48903 Barakaldo, Bizkaia, Spain; (C.D.A.); (M.P.-G.); (X.L.-P.)
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, UPV/EHU, 48940 Leioa, Biscay, Spain
| | - Ines Jauregui
- 3D Printing and Bioprinting Lab, Biobizkaia Health Research Institute, 48903 Barakaldo, Bizkaia, Spain;
| | - Xabier Llama-Pino
- Regenerative Therapies, Biobizkaia Health Research Institute, 48903 Barakaldo, Bizkaia, Spain; (C.D.A.); (M.P.-G.); (X.L.-P.)
| | - Isabel Andia
- Regenerative Therapies, Biobizkaia Health Research Institute, 48903 Barakaldo, Bizkaia, Spain; (C.D.A.); (M.P.-G.); (X.L.-P.)
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Immune Activated Cellular Therapy for Drug Resistant Infections: Rationale, Mechanisms, and Implications for Veterinary Medicine. Vet Sci 2022; 9:vetsci9110610. [PMID: 36356087 PMCID: PMC9695672 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9110610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Mesenchymal stromal/stem cells have intrinsic antimicrobial properties, thus making them attractive as an alternative treatment strategy in chronic, drug-resistant bacterial infections. Recent evidence has suggested that these antimicrobial effects can be significantly enhanced by immune activation just prior to injection. This review examines the potential role for cellular therapies in treatment of drug resistant infections in veterinary medicine, drawing on insights across species and discussing the therapeutic potential of this approach overall in today’s veterinary patients. Abstract Antimicrobial resistance and biofilm formation both present challenges to treatment of bacterial infections with conventional antibiotic therapy and serve as the impetus for development of improved therapeutic approaches. Mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) therapy exerts an antimicrobial effect as demonstrated in multiple acute bacterial infection models. This effect can be enhanced by pre-conditioning the MSC with Toll or Nod-like receptor stimulation, termed activated cellular therapy (ACT). The purpose of this review is to summarize the current literature on mechanisms of antimicrobial activity of MSC with emphasis on enhanced effects through receptor agonism, and data supporting use of ACT in treatment of bacterial infections in veterinary species including dogs, cats, and horses with implications for further treatment applications. This review will advance the field’s understanding of the use of activated antimicrobial cellular therapy to treat infection, including mechanisms of action and potential therapeutic applications.
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Leaning in the publishing of articles in scientific journals during the COVID-19 pandemic. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN APPLIED AND BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.52547/rabms.7.2.68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Karn V, Ahmed S, Tsai LW, Dubey R, Ojha S, Singh HN, Kumar M, Gupta PK, Sadhu S, Jha NK, Kumar A, Pandit S, Kumar S. Extracellular Vesicle-Based Therapy for COVID-19: Promises, Challenges and Future Prospects. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9101373. [PMID: 34680490 PMCID: PMC8533559 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9101373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has become a serious concern and has negatively impacted public health and the economy. It primarily targets the lungs, causing acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS); however, it may also lead to multiple organ failure (MOF) and enhanced mortality rates. Hence, there is an urgent need to develop potential effective therapeutic strategies for COVID-19 patients. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are released from various types of cells that participate in intercellular communication to maintain physiological and pathological processes. EVs derived from various cellular origins have revealed suppressive effects on the cytokine storm during systemic hyper-inflammatory states of severe COVID-19, leading to enhanced alveolar fluid clearance, promoted epithelial and endothelial recovery, and cell proliferation. Being the smallest subclass of EVs, exosomes offer striking characteristics such as cell targeting, being nano-carriers for drug delivery, high biocompatibility, safety, and low-immunogenicity, thus rendering them a potential cell-free therapeutic candidate against the pathogeneses of various diseases. Due to these properties, numerous studies and clinical trials have been performed to assess their safety and therapeutic efficacy against COVID-19. Hence, in this review, we have comprehensively described current updates on progress and challenges for EVs as a potential therapeutic agent for the management of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vamika Karn
- Department of Biotechnology, Amity University, Mumbai 410221, India;
| | - Shaista Ahmed
- Faculty of Medical and Paramedical Sciences, Aix-Marseille University, 13005 Marseille, France;
| | - Lung-Wen Tsai
- Department of Medicine Research, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (L.-W.T.); (R.D.)
- Department of Information Technology Office, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Rajni Dubey
- Department of Medicine Research, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (L.-W.T.); (R.D.)
| | - Shreesh Ojha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, UAE University, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 17666, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Himanshu Naryan Singh
- Department of System Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA;
| | - Mukesh Kumar
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India;
| | - Piyush Kumar Gupta
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Basic Sciences and Research, Sharda University, Greater Noida 201310, India; (P.K.G.); (S.S.); (S.P.)
| | - Soumi Sadhu
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Basic Sciences and Research, Sharda University, Greater Noida 201310, India; (P.K.G.); (S.S.); (S.P.)
| | - Niraj Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering & Technology (SET), Sharda University, Greater Noida 201310, India;
| | - Ashutosh Kumar
- Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna 801507, India;
| | - Soumya Pandit
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Basic Sciences and Research, Sharda University, Greater Noida 201310, India; (P.K.G.); (S.S.); (S.P.)
| | - Sanjay Kumar
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Basic Sciences and Research, Sharda University, Greater Noida 201310, India; (P.K.G.); (S.S.); (S.P.)
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +91-120-4570-000
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Rafiee Z, Nejaddehbashi F, Nasrolahi A, Khademi Moghadam F. Stem cell-based and mesenchymal stem cell derivatives for coronavirus treatment. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2021; 69:1942-1965. [PMID: 34555225 DOI: 10.1002/bab.2259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) as one of the types of pneumonia was first reported in Wuhan, China in December 2019. COVID-19 is considered the third most common coronavirus among individuals after acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV) and the Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS-CoV) in the 20th century. Many studies have shown that cell therapy and regenerative medicine approaches have an impressive effect on different dangerous diseases in a way that using a cell-based experiment could be effective for improving humans with severe acute respiratory infections caused by the 2019 novel coronavirus. Accordingly, due to the stunning effects of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and derivatives on the treatment of various diseases, this review focuses on the auxiliary role of MSCs and their derivatives in reducing the inflammatory processes of acute respiratory infections resulted from the 2019 novel coronavirus. The reported MSCs treatment outcomes are significant because these cells prevent the immune system from overactivating and improve, endogenous repair by improving the lung microenvironment after the SARS-CoV-2 infection. The MSCs can be an effective, autologous, and safe treatment, and therefore, share the results. To date, the results of several studies have shown that MSCs and their derivatives can inhibit inflammation. Exosomes act as intercellular communication devices between cells for the transfer of active molecules. In this review, recent MSCs and their derivatives-based clinical trials for the cure of COVID-19 are introduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab Rafiee
- cellular and molecular research center, Medical Basic Sciences Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.,Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Fereshteh Nejaddehbashi
- cellular and molecular research center, Medical Basic Sciences Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Ava Nasrolahi
- Infectious Ophthalmologic Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.,Pain Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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Chen X, Wang F, Huang Z, Wu Y, Geng J, Wang Y. Clinical applications of mesenchymal stromal cell-based therapies for pulmonary diseases: An Update and Concise Review. Int J Med Sci 2021; 18:2849-2870. [PMID: 34220313 PMCID: PMC8241779 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.59218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung disorders are a leading cause of morbidity and death worldwide. For many disease conditions, no effective and curative treatment options are available. Mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC)-based therapy is one of the cutting-edge topics in medical research today. It offers a novel and promising therapeutic option for various acute and chronic lung diseases due to its potent and broad-ranging immunomodulatory activities, bacterial clearance, tissue regeneration, and proangiogenic and antifibrotic properties, which rely on both cell-to-cell contact and paracrine mechanisms. This review covers the sources and therapeutic potential of MSCs. In particular, a total of 110 MSC-based clinical applications, either completed clinical trials with safety and early efficacy results reported or ongoing worldwide clinical trials of pulmonary diseases, are systematically summarized following preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, including acute/viral pulmonary disease, community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), interstitial lung diseases (ILD), chronic pulmonary fibrosis, bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS) and lung cancer. The results of recent clinical studies suggest that MSCs are a promising therapeutic approach for the treatment of lung diseases. Nevertheless, large-scale clinical trials and evaluation of long-term effects are necessary in further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobo Chen
- Unicell Life Science Development Co., Ltd, Tianjin, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhiwei Huang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, the Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Institute of Urology, Tianjin, China
| | - Yan Wu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Tianjin TEDA Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jie Geng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, the Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Institute of Urology, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuliang Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, the Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Institute of Urology, Tianjin, China
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