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Najafi Z, Moosavi Z, Baradaran Rahimi V, Hashemitabar G, Askari VR. Evaluation of Anti-Nociceptive, Anti-Inflammatory, and Anti-Fibrotic effects of noscapine against a rat model of Achilles tendinopathy. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 130:111704. [PMID: 38382264 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.111704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
During tendinopathy, prolonged inflammation results in fibrosis and the adherence of tendons to the adjacent tissues, causing discomfort and movement disorders. As a natural compound, noscapine has several anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic properties. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the effects of noscapine against a rat model of tendinopathy. We created a surgical rat model of Achilles tendon damage to emulate tendinopathy. Briefly, an incision was made on the Achilles tendon, and it was then sutured using an absorbable surgical thread. Immediately, the injured area was topically treated with the vehicle, noscapine (0.2, 0.6, and 1.8 mg/kg), or dexamethasone (0.1 mg/kg) as a positive control. During the 19-day follow-up period, animals were assessed for weight, behavior, pain, and motor coordination testing. On day 20th, the rats were sacrificed, and the tendon tissue was isolated for macroscopic scoring, microscopic (H&E, Masson's trichrome, Ki67, p53) analyses, and cytokine secretion levels. The levels of macroscopic parameters, including thermal hyperalgesia, mechanical and cold allodynia, deterioration of motor coordination, tendon adhesion score, and microscopic indices, namely histological adhesion, vascular prominence and angiogenesis, and Ki67 and p53 levels, as well as fibrotic and inflammatory biomarkers (IL-6, TNF-α, TGF-β, VEGF) were significantly increased in the vehicle group compared to the sham group (P < 0.05-0.001 for all cases). In contrast, the administration of noscapine (0.2, 0.6, and 1.8 mg/kg) attenuated the pain, fibrosis, and inflammatory indices in a dose-dependent manner compared to the vehicle group (P < 0.05-0.001). Histological research indicated that noscapine 0.6 and 1.8 mg/kg had the most remarkable healing effects. Interestingly, two higher doses of noscapine had impacts similar to those of the positive control group in both clinical and paraclinical assessments. Taken together, our findings suggested that noscapine could be a promising medicine for treating tendinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohreh Najafi
- Division of Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran; Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Zahra Moosavi
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Vafa Baradaran Rahimi
- Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Gholamreza Hashemitabar
- Division of Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Vahid Reza Askari
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Mikkelsen P, Andersen A, Shih HJS, Rowley KM, Kulig K. Flexor hallucis longus tendon morphology in dancers clinically diagnosed with tendinopathy. J Ultrasound 2024; 27:41-49. [PMID: 37356071 PMCID: PMC10908900 DOI: 10.1007/s40477-023-00793-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The unique demands of dance technique make dancers more prone to certain pathologies especially of the foot and ankle. Flexor hallucis longus (FHL) tendinopathy, colloquially known as "dancer's tendinopathy," is common in dancers and not well studied. The purpose of this study was to assess if morphological alterations in tendon structure occur as an adaptive response to dance activity by comparing the FHL tendon in dancers to non-dancers, and if pathology further alters tendon morphology in dancers clinically diagnosed with tendinopathy. METHODS Three groups of ten participants were recruited (healthy non-dancers, healthy dancers, and dancers with FHL tendinopathy). Ultrasound images of the FHL tendons were analyzed for macromorphology by measuring the tendon thickness. The micromorphology was analyzed by determining the peak spatial frequency radius of the tendon. Our study did find increased tendon proper and composite tendon thickness in dancers with tendinopathy but no difference between asymptomatic dancers and non-dancers. RESULTS There was no significant difference in micromorphology found between any of the groups. As expected, dancers with tendinopathy demonstrated increased composite tendon and tendon proper thickness however, there was no evidence of adaptive thickening of the FHL tendon as might be expected for the dance population. There was also no evidence of micromorphological changes in the presence of clinically diagnosed FHL tendinopathy. CONCLUSION Because of the limited normative data for this pathology, these results can help improve diagnosis and therefore treatment for dancers to decrease the impact of this injury on their careers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Mikkelsen
- Division of Biokinesiology and Physical Therapy, University of Southern California, 1540 Alcazar St #155, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA.
| | - Alyssa Andersen
- Division of Biokinesiology and Physical Therapy, University of Southern California, 1540 Alcazar St #155, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Hai-Jung Steffi Shih
- Division of Biokinesiology and Physical Therapy, University of Southern California, 1540 Alcazar St #155, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
- Department of Biobehavioral Sciences, Teachers College, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - K Michael Rowley
- Division of Biokinesiology and Physical Therapy, University of Southern California, 1540 Alcazar St #155, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
- Kinesiology Department, California State University East Bay, Hayward, CA, USA
| | - Kornelia Kulig
- Division of Biokinesiology and Physical Therapy, University of Southern California, 1540 Alcazar St #155, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
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Liao WJ, Tang SC, Shih HT, Su KC, Tu KC, Wang SP. The compensatory hypertrophy of transferred flexor hallucis longus tendon for insertional Achilles tendinopathy: a retrospective MRI study. Sci Rep 2023; 13:20475. [PMID: 37993498 PMCID: PMC10665433 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-47725-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Flexor hallucis longus (FHL) transfer is an effective surgery in treating insertional Achilles tendinopathy (IAT). However, limited data exist regarding the post-surgery changes in the transferred FHL. The study aimed to compare the sequential changes and hypertrophy of FHL after isolated FHL transfer (FHLT). We retrospectively enrolled patients who underwent isolated FHLT for insertional Achilles pathology from 2015 to 2020 and divided them into two groups based on whether reattachment of the residue Achilles stump to the FHL was performed or not. We recorded demographic characteristics, MRI parameters, and functional outcome. We also analyzed the correlation between the collected data and FHL hypertrophy. Results revealed no significant differences in most MRI parameters of FHL and functional outcomes between the groups. However, the fat distribution within the FHL showed significant reduction and notable 20.2% hypertrophy after FHLT. Interestingly, the hypertrophy of the FHL was significantly more pronounced in the non-reattached group. Furthermore, we observed a positive correlation between the follow-up period and FHL hypertrophy. In conclusion, the FHL demonstrated significant enlargement over time following FHLT. The compensatory hypertrophy of the transferred FHL was particularly evident and the cumulative incidences of FHL enlargement over time were higher in the non-reattached groupcompared to reattached group. However, both reattachment and non-reattachment of Achilles stump on FHL transfer for insertional Achilles tendinopathy carried similar postoperative functional outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Jen Liao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, 407, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Chieh Tang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, 407, Taiwan
| | - Han-Ting Shih
- Department of Orthopaedics, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, 407, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Chih Su
- Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hung Kuang University, Taichung, 433, Taiwan
| | - Kao-Chang Tu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, 407, Taiwan
| | - Shun-Ping Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, 407, Taiwan.
- Department of Post-Baccalaureate Medicine, College of Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan.
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Moriarty MA, Morrison WB. Presurgical Perspectives and Post-treatment Evaluation of Achilles Tendon Injuries. Semin Musculoskelet Radiol 2023; 27:308-313. [PMID: 37230130 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1764389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The Achilles is a commonly injured tendon, prone to degeneration and tear. Achilles tendon treatment ranges from conservative management to injections, tenotomy, open versus percutaneous tendon repair, graft reconstruction, and flexor hallucis longus transfer. Interpreting postoperative imaging of the Achilles tendon is a difficult task for many providers. This article clarifies these issues by presenting the imaging findings following standard treatments and depicts expected appearance versus recurrent tear and other complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghan A Moriarty
- Musculoskeletal Radiology, Department of Radiology, Northwell Health Huntington Hospital, Huntington, New York
| | - William B Morrison
- General and Musculoskeletal Radiology, Department of Radiology, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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Martinelli A, Andreo L, Dos Santos Malavazzi TC, Terena SML, da Cruz Tobelem D, Bussadori SK, Fernandes KPS, Mesquita-Ferrari RA. Vascular photobiomodulation increases muscle fiber diameter and improves the gait during compensatory hypertrophy of plantar muscle in rats. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2022; 15:e202200192. [PMID: 36054438 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202200192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The local photobiomodulation (LPBM) has demonstrated positive effects during compensatory hypertrophy (CH) in skeletal muscle as a response to an overload. The aim was to compare the effects of the transcutaneous vascular photobiomodulation (VPBM) and the LPBM on muscle fiber size, gait functionality, and on mechanical sensitivity during the CH model in rats. VPBM was administered over the rat's main tail vein and LPBM was applied over the plantar muscle region. VPBM induced an increase in muscle fiber diameter and cross-sectional area (CSA) after 7 days. At 14 days, an increase in the fiber diameter was found in both irradiated groups. The VPBM and LPBM promoted the reestablishment of normal gait evaluated by the sciatic functional index after 14 days. No changes were found in the mechanical (nociceptive) sensitivity in VPBM and LPBM groups in comparison to the CH group but there was an increase in the nociceptive sensitivity in the CH groups in comparison to the control after 7 and 14 days. In conclusion, both PBM, vascular and local, were able to improve the muscle size and gait during the CH process with more pronounced effects when irradiation was performed systemically (VPBM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Andréia Martinelli
- Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidade Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lucas Andreo
- Postgraduate Program in Biophotonics Applied to the Health Sciences, Universidade Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Stella Maris Lins Terena
- Postgraduate Program in Biophotonics Applied to the Health Sciences, Universidade Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Daysi da Cruz Tobelem
- Postgraduate Program in Biophotonics Applied to the Health Sciences, Universidade Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sandra Kalil Bussadori
- Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidade Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), São Paulo, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Biophotonics Applied to the Health Sciences, Universidade Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Raquel Agnelli Mesquita-Ferrari
- Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidade Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), São Paulo, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Biophotonics Applied to the Health Sciences, Universidade Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), São Paulo, Brazil
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Gong F, Li X, Zhang H, Wu J, Ma G, Zhang B, Gao J, Ding Y, Huang Y, Cheng S, Zhou X, Zhao F. Comparison of the Effects of Open Surgery and Minimally Invasive Surgery on the Achilles Tendon Rupture Healing Based on Angiogenesis. COMPUTATIONAL INTELLIGENCE AND NEUROSCIENCE 2022; 2022:1447129. [PMID: 36093506 PMCID: PMC9458374 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1447129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Objective To compare the effect of three different surgical methods on rabbit Achilles tendon rupture. Methods The Achilles tendon transection model was constructed by cutting off the inner half of the Achilles tendon. Rabbits were divided into 4 groups: model group, open surgery (OS) group, minimally invasive surgery (MS) group, and conservative treatment (CT) group. Biomechanical evaluation, H&E, and Picrosirius Red staining were applied to evaluate the histological changes and healing. RT-qPCR, Western blot, ELISA, and IHC staining were used to detect the expression of COLIII, IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, CD31, VEGF, bFGF, and TGF-β1. Results Different surgery treatments significantly alleviated the histological changes in rabbits. The tension and elasticity of the Achilles tendon were significantly increased after surgery. In addition, surgery treatments notably alleviated the inflammatory responses in vivo via downregulation of IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6 and promoted the tube formation in tissues through upregulating VEGF, bFGF, TGF-β1, and CD31. Furthermore, MS exhibited best therapeutic efficiency on Achilles tendon rupture healing, compared with OS or CT. Conclusions Our research revealed the superiority of MS in Achilles tendon rupture treatment at the molecular level compared with OS or CT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Gong
- Hand & Foot & Reconstruction Microsurgery, People's Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region (The First Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University for Nationalities), Yinchuan 750002, Ningxia, China
| | - Xiaoliang Li
- Hand & Foot & Reconstruction Microsurgery, People's Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region (The First Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University for Nationalities), Yinchuan 750002, Ningxia, China
| | - Hanling Zhang
- Hand & Foot & Reconstruction Microsurgery, People's Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region (The First Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University for Nationalities), Yinchuan 750002, Ningxia, China
| | - Jianke Wu
- Hand & Foot & Reconstruction Microsurgery, People's Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region (The First Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University for Nationalities), Yinchuan 750002, Ningxia, China
| | - Guoxu Ma
- Hand & Foot & Reconstruction Microsurgery, People's Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region (The First Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University for Nationalities), Yinchuan 750002, Ningxia, China
| | - Bowen Zhang
- Hand & Foot & Reconstruction Microsurgery, People's Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region (The First Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University for Nationalities), Yinchuan 750002, Ningxia, China
| | - Jian Gao
- Hand & Foot & Reconstruction Microsurgery, People's Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region (The First Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University for Nationalities), Yinchuan 750002, Ningxia, China
| | - Yi Ding
- Hand & Foot & Reconstruction Microsurgery, People's Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region (The First Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University for Nationalities), Yinchuan 750002, Ningxia, China
| | - Yonglu Huang
- Hand & Foot & Reconstruction Microsurgery, People's Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region (The First Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University for Nationalities), Yinchuan 750002, Ningxia, China
| | - Suoli Cheng
- Hand & Foot & Reconstruction Microsurgery, People's Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region (The First Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University for Nationalities), Yinchuan 750002, Ningxia, China
| | - Xuebing Zhou
- Hand & Foot & Reconstruction Microsurgery, People's Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region (The First Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University for Nationalities), Yinchuan 750002, Ningxia, China
| | - Fei Zhao
- Hand & Foot & Reconstruction Microsurgery, People's Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region (The First Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University for Nationalities), Yinchuan 750002, Ningxia, China
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