Serum ferritin as a biomarker for diabetes and insulin resistance: a further study

Evaluating the serum ferritin levels of COVID-19 patients from Basra

Coronavirus disease 19, "COVID-19, "is occurred by a coronavirus called (SARS CoV-2), which causes severe infection in many infected persons. Early Identifying risk factors for this disease can significantly help manage critical cases and save patients' lives. This study aimed to assess the predictive value of the ferritin, the erythrocyte sedimentation rate ″ESR″, the C-reactive protein ″CRP ″, and white blood cell ″WBC″. Positive cases of COVID-19 were confirmed by "real-time polymerase chain reaction." From the patient's records were obtained demographic data and laboratory investigations were. According to clinical syndromes, patients were categorized into two groups, including COVID -19 patients with severe and non-severe diseases. Of 305 COVID-19 patients, they have a mean age of 42.73 ± 16.37 years, 59.01% of patients are female, and 40.99% are male. The levels of ferritin were variable in COVID-19 patients, our results revealed that18.68% had increased serum ferritin in patients, and the ESR, as well as CRP, were high in most patients; it's above the normal range. 4.91% of patients had decreased WBC, and the result showed lymphopenia in 1.96%. Neutrophils were above the normal range in 14.75% of patients, and 2.95% of patients had decreased serum platelets, a significant difference in WBC, Lymphocytes, Neutrophils and Basophils between severe and non-severe COVID-19 patients (p<0.05). A positive correlation was observed between the levels of ferritin and the severity of the disease Keywords: COVID-19, Ferritin, ESR, CRP, WBC

Gender difference in the relationship between the ferritin and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance in non-diabetic Korean adults

Background

The present study was conducted to assess gender difference in the relationship between the ferritin and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and beta cell function (HOMA-B) in non-diabetic Korean adults.

Materials and methods

A sample including 5,414 adults (2,279 men, 1,529 postmenopausal women, and 1,606 premenopausal women) aged ≥ 20 years from the fifth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES V-1, 2010) was analyzed.

Results

There were several key findings in the present study. First, in men, HOMA-IR (β = 0.119, 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.304 to 8.003) constituted the independent factor determining ferritin, but this was not the case for HOMA-B (β = -0.042, 95% CI, -0.100 to 0.011). Second, in postmenopausal women, HOMA-IR (β = 0.087, 95% CI, 0.899 to 5.238) was the independent factor determining ferritin, but this was not the case for HOMA-B (β = -0.043, 95% CI, -0.065 to 0.010). Third, in premenopausal women, neither HOMA-IR (β = -0.050, 95% CI, -3.056 to 0.364) nor HOMA-B (β = -0.009, 95% CI, -0.028 to 0.020) constituted the independent factors determining ferritin.

Conclusions

Ferritin was positively associated with insulin resistance in non-diabetic Korean men and postmenopausal women, but not in non-diabetic Korean premenopausal women.

Gender difference in relationship between serum ferritin and 25-hydroxyvitamin D in Korean adults

BACKGROUND

The present study was conducted to assess the gender difference in the relationship between serum ferritin and 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] in Korean adults.

METHODS

A total of 5,147 adults (2,162 men, 1,563 premenopausal women, and 1,422 postmenopausal women) aged ≥ 20 years from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) data (2012) were analyzed. A covariance test adjusted for covariates was performed for serum ferritin levels in relation to vitamin D status (vitamin D deficiency, 25(OH)D < 10.0 ng/mL; vitamin D insufficiency, 25(OH)D ≥ 10.0, < 20.0 ng/mL; vitamin D sufficiency, 25(OH)D ≥ 20.0 ng/mL).

RESULTS

The key study results were as follows: First, in men, in terms of serum ferritin levels by serum 25(OH)D level after adjusting for age, smoking, alcohol drinking, regular exercise, SBP, DBP, WM. TC, TGs, HDL-C, FPG, Hb, Hct, MCV, and Fe, serum ferritin levels were inversely increased with the increasing of serum 25(OH)D level (P = 0.012). Second, in premenopausal women, after adjusting for related variables, serum ferritin levels were increased with the increasing of serum 25(OH)D level (P = 0.003). Third, in postmenopausal women, after adjusting for related variables, serum ferritin levels were not significantly increased with the increasing of serum 25(OH)D level (P = 0.456).

CONCLUSION

Serum 25(OH)D level was inversely associated with the serum ferritin levels in men, but was positively associated with the serum ferritin levels in premenopausal women, and was not associated with the serum ferritin levels in postmenopausal women.