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Hou Y, Tang Y, Cai S. Advances in the study of microparticles in diabetic retinopathy. Postgrad Med J 2024; 100:626-634. [PMID: 38572927 DOI: 10.1093/postmj/qgae046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the common diabetic microangiopathies, which severely impairs vision in diabetic population. The underlying mechanisms regarding the development of DR are not fully understood, and there is a lack of biomarkers to guide clinical, assessment of disease progression. Recently researchers have found that microparticles (MP) and its bioactive molecules are involved in the development of DR. MP is widely distributed in the circulation and can exert autocrine and paracrine benefits in intercellular signalling, provide a catalytic platform for the thrombospondin complex to promote coagulation, and promote the accumulation of reactive oxygen species to cause endothelial damage. MP interacts with advanced glycosylation end products (AGE) and AGE receptor (RAGE) to activate inflammatory pathways. MP carries a variety of miRNAs that regulate the vascular endothelial growth factor generation pathway. MP has also been applied to the exploration of mesenchymal stromal cell replacement therapy to treat DR. In a word, MP provides new ideas for the study of DR. MP has emerged as a marker to assess the progression of DR. As a potential therapeutic target, MP also has considerable research value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifeng Hou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563003, Guizhou Province, China
- Guizhou Eye Hospital, Zunyi 563003, Guizhou Province, China
- Special Key Laboratory of Ocular Diseases of Guizhou Province, Zunyi 563003, Guizhou Province, China
- Special Key Laboratory of Ocular Diseases of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Yun Tang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563003, Guizhou Province, China
- Guizhou Eye Hospital, Zunyi 563003, Guizhou Province, China
- Special Key Laboratory of Ocular Diseases of Guizhou Province, Zunyi 563003, Guizhou Province, China
- Special Key Laboratory of Ocular Diseases of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Shanjun Cai
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563003, Guizhou Province, China
- Guizhou Eye Hospital, Zunyi 563003, Guizhou Province, China
- Special Key Laboratory of Ocular Diseases of Guizhou Province, Zunyi 563003, Guizhou Province, China
- Special Key Laboratory of Ocular Diseases of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, Guizhou Province, China
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Liao L, Tang Y, Zhou Y, Meng X, Li B, Zhang X. MicroRNA-126 (MiR-126): key roles in related diseases. J Physiol Biochem 2024; 80:277-286. [PMID: 38517589 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-024-01017-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
In eukaryotes such as humans, some non-coding single-stranded RNAs (ncRNAs) help to regulate the pre- and post-transcriptional expression of certain genes, which in turn control many important physiological processes, such as cell proliferation, distinctions, invasion, angiogenesis, and embryonic development. microRNA-126 is an important member of these miRNAs that can be directly or indirectly involved in the control of angiogenesis. Recently, numerous studies have expounded that microRNA-126 can inhibit or promote angiogenesis as well as attenuate inflammatory responses through complex molecular mechanisms. As such, it serves as a biomarker or potential therapeutic target for the prediction, diagnosis, and treatment of relevant diseases. In this review, we present the advancements in research regarding microRNA-126's role in the diagnosis and treatment of related diseases, aiming to provide innovative therapeutic options for the diagnosis and treatment of clinically relevant diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Liao
- The Second People's Hospital of Yibin-Yibin Hospital of West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Yibin, 644000, China.
| | - Yan Tang
- The Second People's Hospital of Yibin-Yibin Hospital of West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Yibin, 644000, China
| | - Yanping Zhou
- The Second People's Hospital of Yibin-Yibin Hospital of West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Yibin, 644000, China
| | - Xianglin Meng
- The Second People's Hospital of Yibin-Yibin Hospital of West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Yibin, 644000, China
| | - Bo Li
- Third Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College-Chengdu Pidu District People's Hospital, Chengdu, 611700, China
| | - Xiaochun Zhang
- The Second People's Hospital of Yibin-Yibin Hospital of West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Yibin, 644000, China.
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Manai F, Smedowski A, Kaarniranta K, Comincini S, Amadio M. Extracellular vesicles in degenerative retinal diseases: A new therapeutic paradigm. J Control Release 2024; 365:448-468. [PMID: 38013069 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.11.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Nanoscale extracellular vesicles (EVs), consisting of exomers, exosomes and microvesicles/ectosomes, have been extensively investigated in the last 20 years, although their biological role is still something of a mystery. EVs are involved in the transfer of lipids, nucleic acids and proteins from donor to recipient cells or distant organs as well as regulating cell-cell communication and signaling. Thus, EVs are important in intercellular communication and this is not limited to sister cells, but may also mediate the crosstalk between different cell types even over long distances. EVs play crucial functions in both cellular homeostasis and the pathogenesis of diseases, and since their contents reflect the status of the donor cell, they represent an additional valuable source of information for characterizing complex biological processes. Recent advances in isolation and analytical methods have led to substantial improvements in both characterizing and engineering EVs, leading to their use either as novel biomarkers for disease diagnosis/prognosis or even as novel therapies. Due to their capacity to carry biomolecules, various EV-based therapeutic applications have been devised for several pathological conditions, including eye diseases. In the eye, EVs have been detected in the retina, aqueous humor, vitreous body and also in tears. Experiences with other forms of intraocular drug applications have opened new ways to use EVs in the treatment of retinal diseases. We here provide a comprehensive summary of the main in vitro, in vivo, and ex vivo literature-based studies on EVs' role in ocular physiological and pathological conditions. We have focused on age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, glaucoma, which are common eye diseases leading to permanent blindness, if not treated properly. In addition, the putative use of EVs in retinitis pigmentosa and other retinopathies is discussed. Finally, we have reviewed the potential of EVs as therapeutic tools and/or biomarkers in the above-mentioned retinal disorders. Evidence emerging from experimental disease models and human material strongly suggests future diagnostic and/or therapeutic exploitation of these biological agents in various ocular disorders with a good possibility to improve the patient's quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Manai
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "L. Spallanzani", University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Adrian Smedowski
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland; GlaucoTech Co., Katowice, Poland
| | - Kai Kaarniranta
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Department of Ophthalmology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Sergio Comincini
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "L. Spallanzani", University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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Chen T, Wang F, Wei J, Feng L. Extracellular vesicles derived from different sources play various roles in diabetic retinopathy. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 13:1064415. [PMID: 36686474 PMCID: PMC9845915 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1064415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are present in almost all biological fluids and secreted by almost all cell types. A growing number of studies have revealed the potential roles of EVs in the diagnosis and treatment of the diabetic retinopathy (DR). Changes in the quantity and content of EVs may serve as biomarkers of cause or consequence of pathological status of DR, such as inflammation, neovascularization and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. In addition, as natural, safe and efficient drug carrier, EVs have been reported to play important roles in intercellular communication by acting for essential cell-specific information to target cells. In this review, we summarize the roles of EVs, secreted by various types of cells and participated in various biological processes, in the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of DR.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Le Feng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Exosomal miRNA Profiling in Vitreous Humor in Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy. Cells 2022; 12:cells12010123. [PMID: 36611916 PMCID: PMC9818905 DOI: 10.3390/cells12010123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs which mediate some of the pathological mechanisms of diabetic retinopathy. The aim of this study was to identify differentially expressed miRNAs in the vitreal exosomes of proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) patients and non-diabetic controls. Exosomes were extracted from the vitreous samples of 10 PDR patients and 10 controls. The expression of 372 miRNAs was determined using a quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) panel. We have demonstrated a significant dysregulation in 26 miRNAs. The most remarkable findings include a profound attenuation of the miR-125 family, as well as enhanced miR-21-5p expression in the diabetic samples. We also showed the downregulation of miR-204-5p and the upregulation of let-7g in PDR compared to the controls. This study identified miR-125 and miR-21 as potential targets for further functional analysis regarding their putative role in the pathogenesis of PDR.
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Yang M, Houck KL, Dong X, Hernandez M, Wang Y, Nathan SS, Wu X, Afshar-Kharghan V, Fu X, Cruz MA, Zhang J, Nascimbene A, Dong JF. Hyperadhesive von Willebrand Factor Promotes Extracellular Vesicle-Induced Angiogenesis: Implication for LVAD-Induced Bleeding. JACC Basic Transl Sci 2022; 7:247-261. [PMID: 35411318 PMCID: PMC8993768 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacbts.2021.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
VWF in patients on LVAD supports was hyperadhesive, activated platelets, and generated platelet-derived extracellular vesicles. Extracellular vesicles from LVAD patients and those from shear-activated platelets promoted aberrant angiogenesis in a VWF-dependent manner. The activated VWF exposed the A1 domain through the synergistic actions of oxidative stress and HSS generated in LVAD-driven circulation.
Bleeding associated with left ventricular assist device (LVAD) implantation has been attributed to the loss of large von Willebrand factor (VWF) multimers to excessive cleavage by ADAMTS-13, but this mechanism is not fully supported by the current evidence. We analyzed VWF reactivity in longitudinal samples from LVAD patients and studied normal VWF and platelets exposed to high shear stress to show that VWF became hyperadhesive in LVAD patients to induce platelet microvesiculation. Platelet microvesicles activated endothelial cells, induced vascular permeability, and promoted angiogenesis in a VWF-dependent manner. Our findings suggest that LVAD-driven high shear stress primarily activates VWF, rather than inducing cleavage in the majority of patients.
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Key Words
- ADAMTS-13:Ag, ADAMTS-13 antigen
- AVS, aortic vascular segment
- EC, endothelial cell
- EV, extracellular vesicle
- EVFP, extracellular vesicle–free plasma
- GI, gastrointestinal
- GOF, gain of function
- GP, glycoprotein
- GPM, growth factor-poor medium
- GRM, growth factor-rich medium
- HSS, high shear stress
- LVAD, left ventricular assist device
- PS, phosphatidylserine
- SIPA, shear-induced platelet aggregation
- ULVWF, ultra-large von Willebrand factor
- VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor
- VWF, von Willebrand factor
- VWF:Ag, von Willebrand factor antigen
- VWF:CB, von Willebrand factor binding to collagen
- VWF:pp, von Willebrand factor propeptide
- aVWS, acquired von Willebrand syndrome
- angiogenesis
- extracellular vesicles
- left ventricular assist devices
- pEV, extracellular vesicle from von Willebrand factor-activated platelets
- platelets
- shear stress
- von Willebrand factor
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengchen Yang
- Bloodworks Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Department of Urology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Katie L Houck
- Bloodworks Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Xinlong Dong
- Bloodworks Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Maria Hernandez
- Center for Advanced Heart Failure, University of Texas at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Yi Wang
- Bloodworks Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Sriram S Nathan
- Center for Advanced Heart Failure, University of Texas at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Xiaoping Wu
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Vahid Afshar-Kharghan
- Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Pulmonary Medicine, MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Xiaoyun Fu
- Bloodworks Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Miguel A Cruz
- Cardiovascular Research Section, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine.,Center for Translational Research on Inflammatory Diseases, Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jianning Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Angelo Nascimbene
- Center for Advanced Heart Failure, University of Texas at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jing-Fei Dong
- Bloodworks Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
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Massignam ET, Dieter C, Pellenz FM, Assmann TS, Crispim D. Involvement of miR-126 rs4636297 and miR-146a rs2910164 polymorphisms in the susceptibility for diabetic retinopathy: a case-control study in a type 1 diabetes population. Acta Ophthalmol 2021; 99:e461-e469. [PMID: 33124182 DOI: 10.1111/aos.14638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression. MiRNA-126 and miRNA-146a have been described as having abnormal expressions in diabetic retinopathy (DR) patients. Polymorphisms in genes codifying miRNAs (miRSNPs) may alter the expression of the corresponding miRNA and, thus, interfere with susceptibility to DR. Therefore, miRSNPs in miR-126 and miR-146a genes could be associated with DR susceptibility. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between miR-126 rs4636297 (G/A) and miR-146a rs2910164 (G/C) miRSNPs and DR. METHODS This case-control study included 195 type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) patients with DR (cases) and 215 patients without DR and with ≥10 years of T1DM (controls). MiRSNPs were genotyped by real-time PCR. RESULTS Genotype distributions of two analysed miRSNPs were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in controls (p > 0.050). Frequencies of the miR-126 rs4636297 miRSNP were not significantly different between case and control groups (p = 0.169). However, after adjustment for age, glycated haemoglobin, triglycerides, estimated glomerular filtration rate and ethnicity, the A allele of this miRSNP was associated with protection for DR under additive [OR: 0.444 (95% CI: 0.211-0.936), p = 0.033] and dominant [OR: 0.512 (95% CI: 0.303-0.865), p = 0.012] inheritance models. Genotype and allele frequencies of miR-146a rs2910164 miRSNP did not differ between groups (p = 0.368 and p = 0.957), and this polymorphism was not associated with DR when assuming different inheritance models. CONCLUSION Our results suggest an association between the A allele of miR-126 rs4636297 miRSNP and protection for DR in a Southern Brazilian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eloísa Toscan Massignam
- Endocrine Division Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre Porto Alegre Brazil
- Graduate Program in Medical Sciences: Endocrinology Faculty of Medicine Department of Internal Medicine Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre Brazil
| | - Cristine Dieter
- Endocrine Division Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre Porto Alegre Brazil
- Graduate Program in Medical Sciences: Endocrinology Faculty of Medicine Department of Internal Medicine Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre Brazil
| | - Felipe Mateus Pellenz
- Endocrine Division Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre Porto Alegre Brazil
- Graduate Program in Medical Sciences: Endocrinology Faculty of Medicine Department of Internal Medicine Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre Brazil
| | - Taís Silveira Assmann
- Endocrine Division Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre Porto Alegre Brazil
- Graduate Program in Medical Sciences: Endocrinology Faculty of Medicine Department of Internal Medicine Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre Brazil
| | - Daisy Crispim
- Endocrine Division Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre Porto Alegre Brazil
- Graduate Program in Medical Sciences: Endocrinology Faculty of Medicine Department of Internal Medicine Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre Brazil
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Gui F, You Z, Fu S, Wu H, Zhang Y. Endothelial Dysfunction in Diabetic Retinopathy. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:591. [PMID: 33013692 PMCID: PMC7499433 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a diabetic complication which affects retinal function and results in severe loss of vision and relevant retinal diseases. Retinal vascular dysfunction caused by multifactors, such as advanced glycosylation end products and receptors, pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, proliferator-activated receptor-γ disruption, growth factors, oxidative stress, and microRNA. These factors promote retinal endothelial dysfunction, which results in the development of DR. In this review, we summarize the contributors in the pathophysiology of DR for a better understanding of the molecular and cellular mechanism in the development of DR with a special emphasis on retinal endothelial dysfunction.
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Zeng J, Zhao H, Chen B. DJ-1/PARK7 inhibits high glucose-induced oxidative stress to prevent retinal pericyte apoptosis via the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. Exp Eye Res 2019; 189:107830. [PMID: 31593688 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2019.107830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) act through multiple pathways to induce apoptosis of retinal capillary pericytes, which is an early marker and the primary cause of the progression of diabetic retinopathy. However, the specific molecular mechanisms behind ROS-induced retinal capillary pericyte loss in diabetic retinopathy remains elusive. In this study, we investigated the molecular regulation and effects of DJ-1/PARK7 on oxidative stress and injury of rat retinal pericytes (RRPs). To perform the research, RRPs were isolated from rat retina and cultured in medium with for 2 days: control group (5.6 mM glucose), high glucose group (30 mM glucose), hypertonic group (5.6 mM glucose + 24.4 mM mannitol). We found decreased expression of DJ-1 and increased apoptosis of RRPs in high glucose group. To further study the role of DJ-1, four groups were divided as follows: normal control group (5.6 mM glucose), high glucose (30 mM glucose), empty vector control group (pcDNA3.1,30 mM glucose), DJ-1 overexpression group (pcDNA3.1-myc-DJ-1,30 mM glucose). DJ-1, P53, p-P53, cleaved caspase-3, manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), catalase (CAT) and PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway in each group was detected by Western Blot. RRPs apoptosis was detected by Terminal-deoxynucleoitidyl Transferase mediated Nick End Labeling (TUNEL) and 4'6- diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI). Mitochondrial function was detected by jc-1 and fluorescent probes DCFH-DA was used to determine reactive oxygen species (ROS). We found that high glucose (30 mM) lasting two days can induce significant apoptosis of RRPs, increase ROS production and expressions of p-p53 and active caspase-3, impair mitochondrial function, decrease the activities of MnSOD and CAT, and decrease expression of DJ-1, p-AKT and p-mTOR. In contrast, DJ-1/PARK7 overexpression significantly increases expression of DJ-1, p-AKT and p-mTOR, increases expression and activities of MnSOD and CAT, improves mitochondrial function, decreases expression of apoptotic gene protein p-p53 and active caspase-3, reduces ROS production and reduces the apoptotic rate of RRPs induced by high glucose. These results suggest that DJ-1 may play a role in protecting RRPs from high glucose induced-oxidative injury. DJ-1 might improve mitochondrial function, inhibit ROS production and enhance antioxidant capacity to reduce apoptosis of retinal pericytes through the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway which may be related to early pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zeng
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China; Hunan Clinical Research Center of Ophthalmic Disease, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China; The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, Guangdong, 528000, China
| | - Han Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China; Hunan Clinical Research Center of Ophthalmic Disease, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Baihua Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China; Hunan Clinical Research Center of Ophthalmic Disease, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China.
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Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Homeostasis and Systemic Diseases: Hypothesis, Evidences, and Therapeutic Opportunities. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20153738. [PMID: 31370159 PMCID: PMC6696100 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20153738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are present in all organs and tissues, playing a well-known function in tissue regeneration. However, there is also evidence indicating a broader role of MSCs in tissue homeostasis. In vivo studies have shown MSC paracrine mechanisms displaying proliferative, immunoregulatory, anti-oxidative, or angiogenic activity. In addition, recent studies also demonstrate that depletion and/or dysfunction of MSCs are associated with several systemic diseases, such as lupus, diabetes, psoriasis, and rheumatoid arthritis, as well as with aging and frailty syndrome. In this review, we hypothesize about the role of MSCs as keepers of tissue homeostasis as well as modulators in a variety of inflammatory and degenerative systemic diseases. This scenario opens the possibility for the use of secretome-derived products from MSCs as new therapeutic agents in order to restore tissue homeostasis, instead of the classical paradigm "one disease, one drug".
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Mazzeo A, Lopatina T, Gai C, Trento M, Porta M, Beltramo E. Functional analysis of miR-21-3p, miR-30b-5p and miR-150-5p shuttled by extracellular vesicles from diabetic subjects reveals their association with diabetic retinopathy. Exp Eye Res 2019; 184:56-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2019.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Satari M, Aghadavod E, Mirhosseini N, Asemi Z. The effects of microRNAs in activating neovascularization pathways in diabetic retinopathy. J Cell Biochem 2018; 120:9514-9521. [PMID: 30556195 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.28227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the major complications of diabetes mellitus that causes diabetic macular edema and visual loss. DR is categorized, based on the presence of vascular lesions and neovascularization, into non-proliferative and proliferative DR. Vascular changes in DR correlate with the cellular damage and pathological changes in the capillaries of blood-retinal barrier. Several cytokines have been involved in inducing neovascularization. These cytokines activate different signaling pathways which are mainly responsible for the complications of DR. Recently; microRNAs (miRNAs) have been introduced as the key factors in the regulation of the cytokine expression which plays a critical role in neovascularization of retinal cells. Some studies have demonstrated that changing levels of miRNAs have essential role in the pathophysiology of vascular changes in patients with DR. The aim of this study is to identify the effects of miRNAs in the pathogenesis of DR via activating neovascularization pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahbobeh Satari
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Esmat Aghadavod
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | | | - Zatollah Asemi
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
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Fijany A, Sayadi LR, Khoshab N, Banyard DA, Shaterian A, Alexander M, Lakey JRT, Paydar KZ, Evans GRD, Widgerow AD. Mesenchymal stem cell dysfunction in diabetes. Mol Biol Rep 2018; 46:1459-1475. [PMID: 30484107 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-018-4516-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic disease that results in a variety of systemic complications. Recently, stem cell-based therapies have been proposed as potential modalities to manage DM related complications. Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) based therapies are often considered as an ideal stem cell-based treatment for DM management due to their immunosuppressive characteristics, anti-inflammatory properties and differentiation potential. While MSCs show tremendous promise, the underlying functional deficits of MSCs in DM patients is not well understood. Using the MEDLINE database to define these functional deficits, our search yielded 1826 articles of which 33 met our inclusion criteria. This allowed us to review the topic and illuminate four major molecular categories by which MSCs are compromised in both Type 1 DM and Type II DM models which include: (1) changes in angiogenesis/vasculogenesis, (2) altered pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion, (3) increased oxidative stress markers and (4) impaired cellular differentiation and decreased proliferation. Knowledge of the deficits in MSC function will allow us to more clearly assess the efficacy of potential biologic therapies for reversing these dysfunctions when treating the complications of diabetic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arman Fijany
- UC Irvine Department of Plastic Surgery, Center for Tissue Engineering, Orange, CA, USA
| | - Lohrasb R Sayadi
- UC Irvine Department of Plastic Surgery, Center for Tissue Engineering, Orange, CA, USA
| | - Nima Khoshab
- UC Irvine Department of Plastic Surgery, Center for Tissue Engineering, Orange, CA, USA
| | - Derek A Banyard
- UC Irvine Department of Plastic Surgery, Center for Tissue Engineering, Orange, CA, USA
| | - Ashkaun Shaterian
- UC Irvine Department of Plastic Surgery, Center for Tissue Engineering, Orange, CA, USA
| | - Michael Alexander
- UC Irvine Department of Surgery & Biomedical Engineering, Orange, CA, USA
| | | | - Keyianoosh Z Paydar
- UC Irvine Department of Plastic Surgery, Center for Tissue Engineering, Orange, CA, USA
| | - Gregory R D Evans
- UC Irvine Department of Plastic Surgery, Center for Tissue Engineering, Orange, CA, USA.,UC Irvine Department of Surgery & Biomedical Engineering, Orange, CA, USA
| | - Alan D Widgerow
- UC Irvine Department of Plastic Surgery, Center for Tissue Engineering, Orange, CA, USA. .,UC Irvine Department of Surgery & Biomedical Engineering, Orange, CA, USA. .,University of California, Irvine Suite 108a Building 55, 101 S. City Dr., Orange, CA, 92868, USA.
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Mazzeo A, Beltramo E, Lopatina T, Gai C, Trento M, Porta M. Molecular and functional characterization of circulating extracellular vesicles from diabetic patients with and without retinopathy and healthy subjects. Exp Eye Res 2018; 176:69-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2018.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Revised: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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15
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Ramirez SH, Andrews AM, Paul D, Pachter JS. Extracellular vesicles: mediators and biomarkers of pathology along CNS barriers. Fluids Barriers CNS 2018; 15:19. [PMID: 29960602 PMCID: PMC6026502 DOI: 10.1186/s12987-018-0104-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are heterogeneous, nano-sized vesicles that are shed into the blood and other body fluids, which disperse a variety of bioactive molecules (e.g., protein, mRNA, miRNA, DNA and lipids) to cellular targets over long and short distances. EVs are thought to be produced by nearly every cell type, however this review will focus specifically on EVs that originate from cells at the interface of CNS barriers. Highlighted topics include, EV biogenesis, the production of EVs in response to neuroinflammation, role in intercellular communication and their utility as a therapeutic platform. In this review, novel concepts regarding the use of EVs as biomarkers for BBB status and as facilitators for immune neuroinvasion are also discussed. Future directions and prospective are covered along with important unanswered questions in the field of CNS endothelial EV biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Servio H Ramirez
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, 3500 N Broad St, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA. .,Shriners Hospital Pediatric Research Center, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA. .,Center for Substance Abuse Research, The Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA.
| | - Allison M Andrews
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, 3500 N Broad St, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA.,Center for Substance Abuse Research, The Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Debayon Paul
- Department of Immunology, Blood-Brain Barrier Laboratory & Laser Capture Microdissection Core, UConn Health, 263 Farmington Ave., Farmington, CT, 06070, USA
| | - Joel S Pachter
- Department of Immunology, Blood-Brain Barrier Laboratory & Laser Capture Microdissection Core, UConn Health, 263 Farmington Ave., Farmington, CT, 06070, USA.
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16
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Iglicki M, Zur D, Busch C, Okada M, Loewenstein A. Progression of diabetic retinopathy severity after treatment with dexamethasone implant: a 24-month cohort study the 'DR-Pro-DEX Study'. Acta Diabetol 2018; 55:541-547. [PMID: 29497837 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-018-1117-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor agents have been shown to reduce diabetic retinopathy (DR) progression; data on the effects of intravitreal corticosteroids on modifying disease severity are limited. This study evaluates the long-term effect of intravitreal dexamethasone implant (DEX) on the severity and progression of non-proliferative DR (NPDR). METHODS This was a retrospective cohort study. Sixty eyes from 60 consecutive patients with NPDR and diabetic macular edema (DME) treated with dexamethasone implant (DEX group) and 49 eyes from consecutive 49 patients without DME requiring observation only. Fundus angiography images from baseline and after 24 months were graded by two masked assessors into mild, moderate and severe NPDR and PDR, according to the ETDRS classification. Patients were followed up 1-3 and 4-6 months after each DEX implant. Re-treatment with DEX implant was on a pro re nata basis. Records were reviewed for performance of panretinal photocoagulation. Main outcome was as follows: change of DR ≥ 1 grade and progression to proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). RESULTS Three eyes (5%) in the DEX group and 43 (87.8%) eyes in the control group progressed to PDR (P < 0.0001). Twenty-five eyes (41.7%) in the DEX group but none in the control group demonstrated an improvement in DR severity (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSION This study provides the first long-term evidence that DEX implant has the potential to not only delay progression of DR and PDR development, but may also improve DR severity over 24 months. Better understanding of the effects of corticosteroids will help guide its use in the treatment pathway of DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matias Iglicki
- Retina Private Office, University of Buenos Aires, 525 Aguirre St., 3rd floor, Apt. A, Zip code 1414, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Dinah Zur
- Division of Ophthalmology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Catharina Busch
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Mali Okada
- Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Anat Loewenstein
- Division of Ophthalmology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Incumbent, Sydney A. Fox Chair in Ophthalmology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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17
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Beltramo E, Arroba AI, Mazzeo A, Valverde AM, Porta M. Imbalance between pro-apoptotic and pro-survival factors in human retinal pericytes in diabetic-like conditions. Acta Ophthalmol 2018; 96:e19-e26. [PMID: 28127871 DOI: 10.1111/aos.13377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 12/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Loss of pericytes is one the key events in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy. We have previously demonstrated that human retinal pericytes (HRP) are more vulnerable to intermittent than stable high glucose concentrations, with an increase in apoptosis. Our aim was to explore the expression of molecules involved in pro-apoptotic and survival pathways in pericytes cultured in stable/intermittent high glucose and/or hypoxia, to clarify the mechanisms of action of these diabetic-like stressing stimuli. METHODS Human retinal pericytes (HRP) were exposed intermittently at 48-hr intervals to high/physiological glucose for 8 days (intHG) and/or hypoxia over the last 48 hr. Control cells were kept in stable physiological and high glucose. Cell proliferation and apoptosis were assessed. The expression of pro-apoptotic and pro-survival molecules was evaluated by Western blotting. Caspase-8 translocation from the cytoplasm into the nucleus was checked by Western blotting of nuclear versus cytoplasmic fractions and immunofluorescence. RESULTS Hypoxia, alone and combined with intHG, increased HRP apoptosis and decreased proliferation. Pro-apoptotic molecules increased in HRP cultured in these conditions, while some survival markers decreased. Conversely, in stable HG, pro-apoptotic molecules were stable or even decreased, and survival factors increased. Translocation of caspase-8 from cytoplasm into nucleus indicates a primary role for this molecule in inducing apoptosis. CONCLUSION Diabetic-like conditions are able to stimulate pericyte apoptosis through activation of pro-apoptotic molecules, leading to an imbalance between pro-apoptotic and survival signalling pathways, with caspase-8 playing a pivotal role. Our identification of such intermediates could help finding new therapeutic approaches for the prevention of diabetic retinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Beltramo
- Department of Medical Sciences; University of Turin; Torino Italy
| | - Ana I. Arroba
- Institut of Biomedical Research Alberto Sols; Madrid Spain
- Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERdem); Madrid Spain
| | - Aurora Mazzeo
- Department of Medical Sciences; University of Turin; Torino Italy
| | - Angela M. Valverde
- Institut of Biomedical Research Alberto Sols; Madrid Spain
- Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERdem); Madrid Spain
| | - Massimo Porta
- Department of Medical Sciences; University of Turin; Torino Italy
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18
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Roles of miRNAs and long noncoding RNAs in the progression of diabetic retinopathy. Biosci Rep 2017; 37:BSR20171157. [PMID: 29074557 PMCID: PMC5705777 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20171157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Revised: 10/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the leading cause of blindness in working-age adults across the world. The pathogenesis of DR is multifactorial and the molecular mechanisms are still not fully understood. Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) may be aberrantly expressed and may play vital roles in the development of DR. Amongst ncRNAs, miRNAs and long ncRNAs (lncRNAs) are known for their regulatory functions. Here, we summarize the functions and mechanisms of known aberrantly expressed miRNAs and lncRNAs in DR. Additionally, a novel lncRNA–mRNA–miRNA network is included in this review. We highlight original studies that provide detailed data about the mechanisms of miRNAs and lncRNAs, their applications as diagnostic or prognostic biomarkers, and their potential therapeutic targets. In conclusion, this review will help us gain a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms by which miRNAs and lncRNAs perform their functions in DR, and provide general strategies and directions for future research.
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Carnevali A, Sacconi R, Corbelli E, Tomasso L, Querques L, Zerbini G, Scorcia V, Bandello F, Querques G. Optical coherence tomography angiography analysis of retinal vascular plexuses and choriocapillaris in patients with type 1 diabetes without diabetic retinopathy. Acta Diabetol 2017; 54:695-702. [PMID: 28474119 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-017-0996-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To analyze retinal vascular plexuses and choriocapillaris by optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A) and retinal nerve fiber layer and ganglion cell layer (GCL) by structural optical coherence tomography (OCT) in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) without diabetic retinopathy (DR). METHODS A total of 25 eyes of 25 consecutive T1DM patients without signs of DR were prospectively recruited and compared to 25 healthy subjects (control eyes). All patients underwent OCT-A (CIRRUS HD-OCT model 5000, Carl Zeiss Meditec, Dublin, CA) and structural OCT. Qualitative and quantitative analyses with vessel density were performed on OCT-A images in the superficial capillary plexus (SCP), deep capillary plexus (DCP) and choriocapillaris for all patients. RESULTS By means of OCT-A, a rarefaction of the perifoveal capillary network in SCP was detected in 7 out of 25 eyes. No significant difference was found in FAZ area of both SCP and DCP comparing diabetic and control groups. By analyzing the DCP, diabetic eyes revealed a significant decreased vessel density compared to control eyes [0.464 ± 0.016 and 0.477 ± 0.014, respectively (p = 0.005)]. Instead, no significant difference was found in the vessel density of all-retina plexus, SCP and choriocapillaris. By RFNL and GCL thickness analysis, no significant differences were disclosed between diabetics and healthy subjects. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated the ability of OCT-A to disclose early vascular alterations in patients with T1DM diagnosed as without any signs of DR on the basis of fundus biomicroscopy. Our results also suggest that microvascular changes could precede detectable damage of diabetic neuroretinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriano Carnevali
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Vita-Salute, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of "Magna Graecia", Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Riccardo Sacconi
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Vita-Salute, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Verona, University Hospital of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Eleonora Corbelli
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Vita-Salute, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Livia Tomasso
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Vita-Salute, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Lea Querques
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Vita-Salute, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Gianpaolo Zerbini
- Complications of Diabetes Unit, Division of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Sciences, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Scorcia
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of "Magna Graecia", Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Francesco Bandello
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Vita-Salute, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Querques
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Vita-Salute, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy.
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Beltramo E, Lopatina T, Mazzeo A, Arroba AI, Valverde AM, Hernández C, Simó R, Porta M. Effects of the neuroprotective drugs somatostatin and brimonidine on retinal cell models of diabetic retinopathy. Acta Diabetol 2016; 53:957-964. [PMID: 27552833 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-016-0895-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Diabetic retinopathy is considered a microvascular disease, but recent evidence has underlined early involvement of the neuroretina with interactions between microvascular and neural alterations. Topical administration of somatostatin (SST), a neuroprotective molecule with antiangiogenic properties, prevents diabetes-induced retinal neurodegeneration in animals. The α2-adrenergic receptor agonist brimonidine (BRM) decreases vitreoretinal vascular endothelial growth factor and inhibits blood-retinal barrier breakdown in diabetic rats. However, SST and BRM effects on microvascular cells have not yet been studied. We investigated the behaviour of these drugs on the crosstalk between microvasculature and neuroretina. METHODS Expression of SST receptors 1-5 in human retinal pericytes (HRP) was checked. We subsequently evaluated the effects of diabetic-like conditions (high glucose and/or hypoxia) with/without SST/BRM on HRP survival. Endothelial cells (EC) and photoreceptors were maintained in the above conditions and their conditioned media (CM) used to culture HRP. Vice versa, HRP-CM was used on EC and photoreceptors. Survival parameters were assessed. RESULTS HRP express the SST receptor 1 (SSTR1). Glucose fluctuations mimicking those occurring in diabetic subjects are more damaging for pericytes and photoreceptors than stable high glucose and hypoxic conditions. SST/BRM added to HRP in diabetic-like conditions decrease EC apoptosis. However, neither SST nor BRM changed the response of pericytes and neuroretina-vascular crosstalk under diabetic-like conditions. CONCLUSIONS Retinal pericytes express SSTR1, indicating that they can be a target for SST. Exposure to SST/BRM had no adverse effects, direct or mediated by the neuroretina, suggesting that these molecules could be safely evaluated for the treatment of ocular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Beltramo
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Corso AM Dogliotti 14, 10126, Turin, Italy.
| | - Tatiana Lopatina
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Corso AM Dogliotti 14, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Aurora Mazzeo
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Corso AM Dogliotti 14, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Ana I Arroba
- Alberto Sols Biomedical Research Institute (IIBm) (CSIC/UAM), C/Arturo Duperier 4, 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERdem), ISCIII, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, C/Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Angela M Valverde
- Alberto Sols Biomedical Research Institute (IIBm) (CSIC/UAM), C/Arturo Duperier 4, 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERdem), ISCIII, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, C/Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Hernández
- Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERdem), ISCIII, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, C/Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Diabetes and Metabolism Research Unit, Institut de Recerca Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron (VHIR), Pg. Vall d'Hebron 119-129, 08035, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rafael Simó
- Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERdem), ISCIII, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, C/Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Diabetes and Metabolism Research Unit, Institut de Recerca Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron (VHIR), Pg. Vall d'Hebron 119-129, 08035, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Massimo Porta
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Corso AM Dogliotti 14, 10126, Turin, Italy
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Caporali A, Martello A, Miscianinov V, Maselli D, Vono R, Spinetti G. Contribution of pericyte paracrine regulation of the endothelium to angiogenesis. Pharmacol Ther 2016; 171:56-64. [PMID: 27742570 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2016.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
During physiological development and after a stressor event, vascular cells communicate with each other to evoke new vessel formation-a process known as angiogenesis. This communication occurs via direct contact and via paracrine release of proteins and nucleic acids, both in a free form or encapsulated into micro-vesicles. In diseases with an altered angiogenic response, such as cancer and diabetic vascular complications, it becomes of paramount importance to tune the cell communication process. Endothelial cell growth and migration are essential processes for new vessel formation, and pericytes, together with some classes of circulating monocytes, are important endothelial regulators. The interaction between pericytes and the endothelium is facilitated by their anatomical apposition, which involves endothelial cells and pericytes sharing the same basement membrane. However, the role of pericytes is not fully understood. The characteristics and the function of tissue-specific pericytesis are the focus of this review. Factors involved in the cross-talk between these cell types and the opportunities afforded by micro-RNA and micro-vesicle techniques are discussed. Targeting these mechanisms in pathological conditions, in which the vessel response is altered, is considered in relation to identification of new therapies for restoring the blood flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Caporali
- University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - A Martello
- University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - V Miscianinov
- University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - D Maselli
- IRCCS MultiMedica, Milan, Italy; Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Università di Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - R Vono
- IRCCS MultiMedica, Milan, Italy
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Sun NN, Li C, Zhou L, Peng Y, Zhang B, Qiu XM, Jiang ZM, Xu J. Lentivirus-mediated angiopoietin-2 gene silencing decreases TNF-α induced apoptosis of alveolar epithelium cells. Biochem Cell Biol 2016; 94:491-497. [PMID: 27701905 DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2016-0045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the role of angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2) in tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) induced apoptosis of alveolar epithelium cells (AECs). METHODS TNF-α was used to induce human alveolar epithelial HPAEpiC cells, and Ang-2 siRNA vector was transfected to the HPAEpiC cells. RT-PCR and Western blot were used. TUNEL staining was applied to observe apoptosis, and annexin V-FITC-PI staining was used to calculate apoptosis rate. RESULTS mRNA and protein expressions of Ang-2, activated Bax, and cleaved caspase-3 in HPAEpiC cells were up-regulated, but the expression level of Bcl-2 decreased (P < 0.05). After transfection of Ang-2 siRNA, mRNA and protein expressions of Ang-2, activated Bax, and cleaved caspase-3 in HPAEpiC cells were down-regulated, but the expression level of Bcl-2 increased (P < 0.05). The number of apoptotic cells increased after TNF-α treatment; however, the number decreased after Ang-2 siRNA transfection. Annexin V-FITC-PI staining verified that the total number of apoptotic cells was elevated with TNF-α treatment, but declined after transfection of Ang-2 siRNA. CONCLUSIONS The expression level of Ang-2 increased during TNF-α-induced apoptosis. Inhibiting Ang-2 expression may suppress the early stages of cell apoptosis and the degree of TNF-α-induced apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan-Nan Sun
- Department of Critical-Care Medicine, Qianfoshan Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan 250014, P.R. China
| | - Chong Li
- Department of Critical-Care Medicine, Qianfoshan Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan 250014, P.R. China
| | - Lei Zhou
- Department of Critical-Care Medicine, Qianfoshan Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan 250014, P.R. China
| | - Yan Peng
- Department of Critical-Care Medicine, Qianfoshan Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan 250014, P.R. China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Critical-Care Medicine, Qianfoshan Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan 250014, P.R. China
| | - Xian-Ming Qiu
- Department of Critical-Care Medicine, Qianfoshan Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan 250014, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Ming Jiang
- Department of Critical-Care Medicine, Qianfoshan Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan 250014, P.R. China
| | - Jiang Xu
- Department of Critical-Care Medicine, Qianfoshan Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan 250014, P.R. China
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