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Yang L, Zheng Z, Zeng Y, Zhang S, Jin P, Li Y, Li J, Tang R. A case of unexpected death due to primary angiitis of the central nervous system. Forensic Sci Med Pathol 2023:10.1007/s12024-023-00631-4. [PMID: 37126199 DOI: 10.1007/s12024-023-00631-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Primary angiitis of the central nervous system (PACNS) is a rare and fatal cerebral vasculitis mainly involving the arteriole of the pia mater, cerebral cortex, and spinal cord. It has an insidious onset atypical symptoms. In this paper, we reported an unexpected death due to cerebral hemorrhage caused by PACNS. According to the typical clinical manifestations (headache, dizziness, weakness of the limbs, temporary blurred vision, etc.) and pathological examination (wide degeneration and fibrinoid necrosis of blood vessel walls with inflammatory cell infiltration), as well as hematoxylin-eosin staining, immunohistochemistry for CD15 + and gram staining, we finally determined that the patient died due to cerebral vascular rupture and hemorrhage caused by PACNS. This case illustrates the value and key points of autopsy in evaluating sudden deaths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Yang
- Department of Forensic Medicine, College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong District, 1 Medical College Road, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Zhe Zheng
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, Henan, China
| | - Yujie Zeng
- Department of Forensic Medicine, College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong District, 1 Medical College Road, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Shangyu Zhang
- Department of Forensic Medicine, College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong District, 1 Medical College Road, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Pengyue Jin
- Department of Forensic Medicine, College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong District, 1 Medical College Road, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Yongguo Li
- Department of Forensic Medicine, College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong District, 1 Medical College Road, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Jianbo Li
- Department of Forensic Medicine, College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong District, 1 Medical College Road, Chongqing, 400010, China.
| | - Renkuan Tang
- Department of Forensic Medicine, College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong District, 1 Medical College Road, Chongqing, 400010, China.
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Sugaya K, Ino M, Matsuo N, Onose JI, Abe N. Variegatic acid from the edible mushroom Tylopilus ballouii inhibits TNF-α production and PKCβ1 activity in leukemia cells. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2019; 30:126886. [PMID: 31879206 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2019.126886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Variegatic acid, isolated from Tylopilus ballouii dry fruiting bodies, is an inhibitor of β-hexosaminidase release and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α secretion from rat basophilic leukemia (RBL-2H3) cells, with IC50 values of 10.4 μM and 16.8 μM, respectively. On the other hand, it inhibits PKCβ1 activity with an IC50 value of 36.2 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kouichi Sugaya
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Safety, Faculty of Applied Bio-Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1-1-1 Sakuragaoka, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8502, Japan
| | - Mutsumi Ino
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Safety, Faculty of Applied Bio-Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1-1-1 Sakuragaoka, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8502, Japan
| | - Naoki Matsuo
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Safety, Faculty of Applied Bio-Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1-1-1 Sakuragaoka, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8502, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichi Onose
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Safety, Faculty of Applied Bio-Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1-1-1 Sakuragaoka, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8502, Japan.
| | - Naoki Abe
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Safety, Faculty of Applied Bio-Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1-1-1 Sakuragaoka, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8502, Japan.
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Zhang TZ, Fu Q, Chen T, Ma SP. Anti-asthmatic effects of oxymatrine in a mouse model of allergic asthma through regulating CD40 signaling. Chin J Nat Med 2016; 13:368-74. [PMID: 25986286 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(15)30028-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to investigate the anti-asthmatic effects of oxymatrine (OXY) and the possible underlying mechanisms. The mouse asthma model was established by ovalbumin (OVA) intraperitoneal injection. A total of fifty mice were randomly assigned to five groups: control, OVA, OVA + dexamethasone (Dex, 2 mg · kg(-1)), and OVA + OXY (40 mg · kg(-1)), and OVA + OXY (80 mg · kg(-1)), respectively. Histological studies were conducted by the hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining, the levels of interleukin-4 (IL-4), interleukin-5 (IL-5), interleukin-13, and IgE were evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and the protein level of CD40 was analyzed by Western blotting. OXY inhibited OVA-induced increases in eosinophil count; the levels of IL-4, IL-5, IgE, and IL-13 were recovered. It also substantially inhibited OVA-induced eosinophilia in lung tissues and the expression of CD40 protein. These findings suggest that OXY may effectively ameliorate the progression of asthma and could be explored as a possible therapy for patients with allergic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Zhu Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China
| | - Qiang Fu
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Tong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Shi-Ping Ma
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
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Melo FR, Lundequist A, Calounova G, Wernersson S, Pejler G. Lysosomal Membrane Permeabilization Induces Cell Death in Human Mast Cells. Scand J Immunol 2011; 74:354-62. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3083.2011.02589.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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5
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Buceta M, Domínguez E, Castro M, Brea J, Alvarez D, Barcala J, Valdés L, Alvarez-Calderón P, Domínguez F, Vidal B, Díaz JL, Miralpeix M, Beleta J, Cadavid MI, Loza MI. A new chemical tool (C0036E08) supports the role of adenosine A(2B) receptors in mediating human mast cell activation. Biochem Pharmacol 2008; 76:912-21. [PMID: 18687311 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2008.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2008] [Revised: 07/09/2008] [Accepted: 07/09/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways that involves many cell types, amongst which mast cells are known to be important. Adenosine, a potent bronchoconstricting agent, exerts its ability to modulate adenosine receptors of mast cells thereby potentiating derived mediator release, histamine being one of the first mediators to be released. The heterogeneity of sources of mast cells and the lack of highly potent ligands selective for the different adenosine receptor subtypes have been important hurdles in this area of research. In the present study we describe compound C0036E08, a novel ligand that has high affinity (pK(i) 8.46) for adenosine A(2B) receptors, being 9 times, 1412 times and 3090 times more selective for A(2B) receptors than for A(1), A(2A) and A(3) receptors, respectively. Compound C0036E08 showed antagonist activity at recombinant and native adenosine receptors, and it was able to fully block NECA-induced histamine release in freshly isolated mast cells from human bronchoalveolar fluid. C0036E08 has been shown to be a valuable tool for the identification of adenosine A(2B) receptors as the adenosine receptors responsible for the NECA-induced response in human mast cells. Considering the increasing interest of A(2B) receptors as a therapeutic target in asthma, this chemical tool might provide a base for the development of new anti-asthmatic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Montserrat Buceta
- BioFarma Research Group, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Instituto de Farmacia Industrial, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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Meletiadis J, Chanock S, Walsh TJ. Defining targets for investigating the pharmacogenomics of adverse drug reactions to antifungal agents. Pharmacogenomics 2008; 9:561-84. [DOI: 10.2217/14622416.9.5.561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) associated with antifungal therapy are major problems in patients with invasive fungal infections. Whether by clinical history or patterns of genetic variation, the identification of patients at risk for ADRs should result in improved outcomes while minimizing deleterious side effects. A major contributing factor to ADRs with antifungal agents relates to drug distribution, metabolism and excretion. Genetic variation in key genes can alter the structure and expression of genes and gene products (e.g., proteins). Thus far, the effort has focused on identifying polymorphisms with either empirical or predicted in silico functional consequences; the best candidate genes encode phase I and II drug-metabolizing enzymes (e.g., CYP2C19 and N-acetyltransferase), plasma proteins (albumin and lipoproteins) and drug transporters (P-glycoprotein and multidrug resistance proteins), which can affect the disposition of antifungal agents, eventually leading to dose-dependent (type A) toxicity. Less is known regarding the key genes that interact with antifungal agents, resulting in idiosyncratic (type B) ADRs. The possible role of certain gene products and genetic polymorphisms in the toxicities of antifungal agents are discussed in this review. The preliminary data address the following: low-density lipoproteins and cholesteryl ester transfer protein in amphotericin B renal toxicity; toll-like receptor 1 and 2 in amphotericin B infusion-related ADRs; phosphodiesterase 6 in voriconazole visual adverse events; flavin-containing monooxygenase, glutathione transferases and multidrug resistance proteins 1 and 2 in ketoconazole and terbinafine hepatotoxicity; CYP enzymes and P-glycoprotein in drug interactions between azoles and coadministered medications; multidrug resistance proteins 8 and 9 on 5-flucytosine bone marrow toxicity; and mast cell activation in caspofungin histamine release. This will focus on high-priority candidate genes, which could provide a starting point for molecular studies to elucidate the potential mechanisms for understanding toxicity associated with antifungal drugs as well as identifying candidate genes for large population prospective genetic association studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Meletiadis
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Pediatric Oncology Branch, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
- Attikon University General Hospital, Laboratoty for Clinical Microbiology, 1 Rimini Street, Athens 124 62, Greece
| | - Stephen Chanock
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Pediatric Oncology Branch, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Thomas J Walsh
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Pediatric Oncology Branch, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
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Onose JI, Xie C, Ye YQ, Sugaya K, Takahashi S, Koshino H, Yasunaga K, Abe N, Yoshikawa K. Vialinin A, a Novel Potent Inhibitor of TNF-.ALPHA. Production from RBL-2H3 Cells. Biol Pharm Bull 2008; 31:831-3. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.31.831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun-ichi Onose
- Department of Nutritional Science, Faculty of Applied Bio-science, Tokyo University of Agriculture
| | - Chun Xie
- Department of Nutritional Science, Faculty of Applied Bio-science, Tokyo University of Agriculture
| | - Yue Qi Ye
- Department of Nutritional Science, Faculty of Applied Bio-science, Tokyo University of Agriculture
| | - Kouichi Sugaya
- Department of Nutritional Science, Faculty of Applied Bio-science, Tokyo University of Agriculture
| | | | | | - Katsuaki Yasunaga
- Department of Nutritional Science, Faculty of Applied Bio-science, Tokyo University of Agriculture
| | - Naoki Abe
- Department of Nutritional Science, Faculty of Applied Bio-science, Tokyo University of Agriculture
| | - Kunie Yoshikawa
- Department of Nutritional Science, Faculty of Applied Bio-science, Tokyo University of Agriculture
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Ye YQ, Koshino H, Onose JI, Yoshikawa K, Abe N, Takahashi S. First Total Synthesis of Vialinin A, a Novel and Extremely Potent Inhibitor of TNF-α Production. Org Lett 2007; 9:4131-4. [PMID: 17850091 DOI: 10.1021/ol701590b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Vialinin A, a powerful inhibitor (IC50 90 pM) of TNF-alpha production, was synthesized from sesamol in 11 steps with 28% overall yield. The key reactions include a double Suzuki coupling of electron-rich aryl triflate with phenylboronic acid and an oxidative deprotection of bis-MOM ether. In addition, the related synthetic studies also suggest the necessity for structural revision of ganbajunin C, a positional isomer of vialinin A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Qi Ye
- RIKEN (The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research), Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
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Park JH, Chang HS, Park CS, Jang AS, Park BL, Rhim TY, Uh ST, Kim YH, Chung IY, Shin HD. Association analysis of CD40 polymorphisms with asthma and the level of serum total IgE. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2007; 175:775-82. [PMID: 17255560 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.200609-1286oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE The CD40 protein plays important roles in cell-mediated and humoral immune responses, especially in immunoglobulin class-switching to IgE. OBJECTIVES We tested the association of CD40 polymorphisms with the risk of asthma and the level of serum IgE and investigated the functional effect of associated polymorphisms on the expression of CD40. METHODS We identified 17 CD40 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the Korean population by direct sequencing, and we genotyped 7 of these in 487 subjects with asthma and in 161 normal subjects. Cell-surface expression of CD40 for B-cell lines of various SNP genotypes was measured using flow cytometry. The effects of SNPs in the promoter and 5'-untranslated regions (UTRs) of CD40 were assessed using pGL3 luciferase and enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) reporter systems, respectively. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS None of the SNPs was associated with asthma risk, but total serum IgE levels were associated with the -580G>A and -1C>T polymorphisms in subjects with asthma (p = 0.007 and 0.005, respectively). The total amount of IgE was highest in the -580A or -1C homozygotes. More CD40 was expressed in B cells with the -1C allele than in those with the -1T allele (p < 0.001). EGFP expression from the CD40 5'-UTR-EGFP construct was higher for the -1C allele than the -1T allele. The -580G>A SNP did not affect promoter activity, even after IFN-gamma stimulation. CONCLUSIONS CD40 gene polymorphisms exert a genetic effect on IgE production in patients with asthma through translational regulation of CD40 expression on B cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju Hyun Park
- Genome Research Center for Allergy and Respiratory Diseases, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Jung Dong, Wonmi Ku, Bucheon, Gyeonggi Do, Republic of Korea
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Xie C, Koshino H, Esumi Y, Onose JI, Yoshikawa K, Abe N. Vialinin B, a novel potent inhibitor of TNF-α production, isolated from an edible mushroom, Thelephora vialis. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2006; 16:5424-6. [PMID: 16901696 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2006.07.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2006] [Revised: 07/13/2006] [Accepted: 07/19/2006] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A novel dibenzofuran compound designated vialinin B was isolated from dry fruiting bodies of an edible mushroom, Thelephora vialis, and potently inhibits TNF-alpha production in RBL-2H3 cells (IC(50)=0.02nM) and is a promising anti-allergic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Xie
- Department of Nutritional Science, Faculty of Applied Bio-Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1-1-1 Sakuragaoka, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8502, Japan
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Hirano T, Arimitsu J, Higa S, Naka T, Ogata A, Shima Y, Fujimoto M, Yamadori T, Ohkawara T, Kuwabara Y, Kawai M, Kawase I, Tanaka T. Luteolin, a Flavonoid, Inhibits CD40 Ligand Expression by Activated Human Basophils. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2006; 140:150-6. [PMID: 16601352 DOI: 10.1159/000092554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2005] [Accepted: 01/17/2006] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We have previously shown that flavonoids such as luteolin, apigenin and fisetin inhibit interleukin 4 and interleukin 13 production. In this study, we investigated whether luteolin can suppress CD40 ligand expression by basophils. METHODS A human basophilic cell line, KU812, was stimulated with A23187 and phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) with or without various concentrations of luteolin or other flavonoids for 12 h, and CD40 ligand expression was analyzed by FACS. The effect of luteolin on CD40 ligand mRNA expression was studied by semiquantitative reverse transcription PCR analysis. In addition, CD40 ligand expression was also measured in purified basophils that had been stimulated for 12 h with A23187 plus PMA with or without various concentrations of luteolin. RESULTS CD40 ligand expression by KU812 cells was enhanced noticeably in response to A23187 and even more strikingly augmented by A23187 plus PMA. The expression was significantly suppressed by 10 or 30 microM of luteolin, whereas myricetin failed to inhibit. Reverse transcription PCR analyses demonstrated that luteolin inhibited CD40 ligand mRNA expression by stimulated KU812 cells. Of the six flavonoids examined, luteolin, apigenin, fisetin and quercetin at 30 microM showed a significant inhibitory effect on CD40 ligand expression. The incubation of purified basophils with A23187 plus PMA significantly enhanced CD40 ligand expression, and the presence of luteolin again had an inhibitory effect. CONCLUSIONS Luteolin inhibits CD40 ligand expression by activated basophils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toru Hirano
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Allergy and Rheumatic Diseases, Osaka University Medical School, Osaka, Japan
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Novak N, Kwiek B, Bieber T. The mode of topical immunomodulators in the immunological network of atopic dermatitis. Clin Exp Dermatol 2005; 30:160-4. [PMID: 15725246 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2230.2005.01709.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
For a long time, therapeutic strategies of atopic dermatitis (AD) have been dominated by the application of local or systemic steroids or other immunosuppressive agents, which have been limited by their potential for unwanted local or systemic side effects. Recently, the use of a new generation of topical nonsteroidal, immunomodulatory drugs has revolutionized the therapeutic options of this often recalcitrant allergic-inflammatory skin disease. Research work has focused on the identification of the exact mode of action and the immune specificities of the so-called 'topical immunomodulators' (TIMs) such as tacrolimus and pimecrolimus in AD. In addition to the previous findings about the mode of action of TIMs on T cells, other target cells of TIMs such as keratinocytes, mast cells, eosinophils and dendritic cells have been identified recently as potential therapeutic targets. In this overview, we provide a research update about the anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic properties of TIMs on effector cells of AD that may be involved in the complex pathophysiology of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Novak
- Department of Dermatology, University of Bonn, Germany.
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Trezena AG, da Silva ZL, Oliveira-Filho RM, Damazo AS, Straus AH, Takahashi HK, Oliani SM, de Lima WT. Differential regulation of the release of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and of eicosanoids by mast cells in rat airways after antigen challenge. Mediators Inflamm 2004; 12:237-46. [PMID: 14514475 PMCID: PMC1781613 DOI: 10.1080/09629350310001599684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Rat trachea display a differential topographical distribution of connective tissue mast cells (CTMC) and mucosal mast cells (MMC) that may imply regional differences in the release of allergic mediators such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and eicosanoids. AIM: To evaluate the role of CTMC and MMC for release of TNF-alpha and eicosanoids after allergenic challenge in distinct segments of rat trachea. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Proximal trachea (PT) and distal trachea (DT) from ovalbumin (OVA)-sensitized rats, treated or not with compound 48/80 (48/80) or dexamethasone, were incubated in culture medium. After OVA challenge, aliquots were collected to study release of TNF-alpha and eicosanoids. RESULTS: Release of TNF-alpha by PT upon OVA challenge peaked at 90 min and decayed at 6 and 24 h. Release from DT peaked at 30-90 min and decayed 6 and 24 h later. When CTMC were depleted with 48/80, OVA challenge exacerbated the TNF-alpha release by PT at all time intervals, while DT exacerbated TNF-alpha levels 6 and 24 h later only. Dexamethasone reduced TNF-alpha production after 90 min of OVA challenge in PT and at 3 and 6h in DT. OVA challenge increased prostaglandin D2) in DT and leukotriene B4 in both segments but did not modify prostaglandin E2 and leukotriene C4 release. CONCLUSION: OVA challenge induces TNF-alpha release from MMC, which is negatively regulated by CTMC. The profile of TNF-alpha and eicosanoids depends on the time after OVA challenge and of the tracheal segment considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aryene Goes Trezena
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics and Laboratory of Anaerobic Vaccines, Butantan Institute, São Paulo, Brazil
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Sairanen J, Forsell T, Ruutu M. LONG-TERM OUTCOME OF PATIENTS WITH INTERSTITIAL CYSTITIS TREATED WITH LOW DOSE CYCLOSPORINE A. J Urol 2004; 171:2138-41. [PMID: 15126772 DOI: 10.1097/01.ju.0000125139.91203.7a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We evaluated patients with interstitial cystitis who had been on cyclosporine A treatment for at least a year. Symptom improvement on micturition charts and subjective expression of bladder pain were recorded. Side effects and safety of medication were evaluated. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 23 patients (20 females and 3 males) fulfilling National Institute for Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases criteria of interstitial cystitis were included in this study. Age of patients at followup was 65.7 +/- 7.6 years (mean +/- SD). Mean followup was 60.8 +/- 35.7 months. Before starting cyclosporine A treatment multiple first line therapies had been tried without clinical help. RESULTS The number of voidings in 24 hours was 20.8 +/- 6.3 before treatment. After a year of cyclosporine A treatment it was decreased to 10.2 +/- 3.8 (p < 0.001). Maximal bladder capacity increased from 161.8 +/- 74.6 to 360.7 +/- 99.3 ml in a year (p < 0.001). Mean voided volume increased from 101.4 +/- 42.7 to 246.4 +/- 97.9 ml (p < 0.001). The effect was maintained throughout followup. Of 23 total patients 20 reported no bladder pain on cyclosporine A treatment and 11 patients stopped treatment due to a good clinical effect. In 9 patients symptoms recurred within months but disappeared again after cyclosporine A treatment was restarted. Side effects of medication were infrequent. CONCLUSIONS Cyclosporine A treatment was safe and effective in treating interstitial cystitis. The achieved therapeutic effect was maintained in the long term. Cessation of medication led to recurrence of symptoms in most cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jukka Sairanen
- Department of Urology, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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15
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Diagnosis: Pneumocystis Pneumonia. Lab Anim (NY) 2004. [DOI: 10.1038/laban0204-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Triggiani M, Giannattasio G, Balestrieri B, Granata F, Gelb MH, de Paulis A, Marone G. Differential modulation of mediator release from human basophils and mast cells by mizolastine. Clin Exp Allergy 2004; 34:241-9. [PMID: 14987304 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2004.01851.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Basophils and mast cells play a major role in the pathogenesis of allergic disorders by releasing several proinflammatory mediators. Some histamine H1 receptor antagonists exert anti-inflammatory activities by modulating mediator release from basophils and mast cells. OBJECTIVE To study the in vitro effects of mizolastine, an H1 receptor antagonist, on the release of eicosanoids, histamine and IL-4 from human basophils and lung mast cells. METHODS AND RESULTS Mizolastine (10(-7)-10(-5) M) concentration-dependently inhibited the release of cysteinyl leukotriene C4 from anti-IgE-stimulated basophils (IC(50): 3.85+/-0.28 microM) and mast cells (IC(50): 3.92+/-0.41 microM). The same concentrations of mizolastine did not affect anti-IgE-induced prostaglandin D2 release from lung mast cells. In contrast, mizolastine enhanced up to 80% IgE-mediated histamine release (EC(50): 4.63+/-0.14 microM) from basophils, but not from mast cells and it significantly potentiated IL-4 release from basophils induced by anti-IgE. Mizolastine did not affect histamine release from basophils induced by formyl peptide, whereas it inhibited cysteinyl leukotriene C4 release (IC(50): 1.86+/-0.24 microM). Blockade of cytosolic phospholipase A2 and arachidonic acid mobilization by pyrrolidine-1 did not alter the effect of mizolastine on histamine release from basophils, thereby excluding accumulation of arachidonic acid metabolic intermediates as the cause of this effect. Mizolastine did not influence anti-IgE-induced activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase-1 and -2 (ERK-1 and -2) in human basophils. CONCLUSIONS Mizolastine efficiently inhibits LTC4 synthesis in human basophils and mast cells presumably by interfering with 5-lipoxygenase. In contrast, it enhances histamine and IL-4 release only from anti-IgE-stimulated basophils. Therefore, mizolastine differentially regulates the production of mediators from basophils and mast cells in a cell- and stimulus-specific fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Triggiani
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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Higa S, Hirano T, Kotani M, Matsumoto M, Fujita A, Suemura M, Kawase I, Tanaka T. Fisetin, a flavonol, inhibits TH2-type cytokine production by activated human basophils. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2003; 111:1299-306. [PMID: 12789233 DOI: 10.1067/mai.2003.1456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Activation of mast cells and basophils through allergen stimulation releases chemical mediators and synthesizes cytokines. Among these cytokines, IL-4, IL-13, and IL-5 have major roles in allergic inflammation. OBJECTIVE We sought to determine the potency of flavonoids (astragalin, fisetin, kaempferol, myricetin, quercetin, and rutin) for the inhibition of cytokine expression and synthesis by human basophils. METHODS The inhibitory effect of flavonoids on cytokine expression by stimulated KU812 cells, a human basophilic cell line, and freshly purified peripheral blood basophils was measured by means of semiquantitative RT-PCR and ELISA assays. The effects of flavonoids on transcriptional activation of the nuclear factor of activated T cells were assessed by means of electrophoretic mobility shift assays. RESULTS Fisetin suppressed the induction of IL-4, IL-13, and IL-5 mRNA expression by A23187-stimulated KU812 cells and basophils in response to cross-linkage of the IgE receptor. Fisetin reduced IL-4, IL-13, and IL-5 synthesis (inhibitory concentration of 50% [IC(50)] = 19.4, 17.7, and 17.4 micromol/L, respectively) but not IL-6 and IL-8 production by KU812 cells. In addition, fisetin inhibited IL-4 and IL-13 synthesis by anti-IgE antibody-stimulated human basophils (IC(50) = 5.1 and 6.2 micromol/L, respectively) and IL-4 synthesis by allergen-stimulated basophils from allergic patients (IC(50) = 4.8 micromol/L). Among the flavonoids examined, kaempferol and quercetin showed substantial inhibitory activities in cytokine expression but less so than those of fisetin. Fisetin inhibited nuclear localization of nuclear factor of activated T cells c2 by A23187-stimulated KU812 cells. CONCLUSION These results provide evidence of a novel activity of the flavonoid fisetin that suppresses the expression of T(H)2-type cytokines (IL-4, IL-13, and IL-5) by basophils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Higa
- Department III of Internal Medicine, Osaka University Medical School, 2-2 Yamada-oka, Suita City, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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Marone G, Genovese A, Granata F, Forte V, Detoraki A, de Paulis A, Triggiani M. Pharmacological modulation of human mast cells and basophils. Clin Exp Allergy 2002; 32:1682-9. [PMID: 12653156 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2222.2002.01535.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G Marone
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, University of Naples Federico II, School of Medicine, Naples, Italy.
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Mertes PM, Pinaud M. [What are the physiopathological mechanisms? How can severe anaphylactoid reactions be explained]. ANNALES FRANCAISES D'ANESTHESIE ET DE REANIMATION 2002; 21 Suppl 1:55s-72s. [PMID: 12091988 DOI: 10.1016/s0750-7658(01)00561-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P M Mertes
- Département d'anesthésie-réanimation, CHU, hôpital central, CO no. 34, 54035 Nancy, France.
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Damazo AS, Tavares de Lima W, Perretti M, Oliani SM. Pharmacological modulation of allergic inflammation in the rat airways and association with mast cell heterogeneity. Eur J Pharmacol 2001; 426:123-30. [PMID: 11525780 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-2999(01)01093-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Administration of ovalbumin by aerosol to sensitised rats produced a rapid (15 min) protein exudation in different airway tissues, as determined by Evans blue staining. This was associated with marked mast cell degranulation determined by histological examination, with there being no difference between mucosal and connective tissue mast cells. A 5-day administration regimen with compound 48/80 selectively depleted connective tissue mast cell (positive to berberine staining) without modifying ovalbumin-induced plasma protein extravasation. Treatment of rats with dexamethasone (1 mg/kg, -12 h) or nor-dihydroguaiaretic acid (30 mg/kg i.p., -30 min) significantly reduced ovalbumin-induced protein extravasation and preserved mucosal mast cell morphology. Indomethacin (4 mg/kg i.v., -30 min) exerted no effect on either parameter. In conclusion, we propose the mucosal mast cell as a target cell responsible at least partly for the inhibitory actions of known anti-inflammatory drugs. We suggest an involvement of endogenous leukotriene(s), but not prostanoid(s), in mucosal mast cell activation/degranulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Damazo
- Department of Biology, IBILCE-UNESP, São Paulo, São José do Rio Prêto, Brazil
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21
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Caron G, Delneste Y, Roelandts E, Duez C, Herbault N, Magistrelli G, Bonnefoy JY, Pestel J, Jeannin P. Histamine induces CD86 expression and chemokine production by human immature dendritic cells. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2001; 166:6000-6. [PMID: 11342615 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.166.10.6000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Mast cells and immature dendritic cells (DC) are in close contact in peripheral tissues. Upon activation, mast cells release histamine, a mediator involved in the immediate hypersensitivity reaction. We therefore tested whether histamine could affect human DC activation and maturation. Histamine induces CD86 expression on immature DC in a dose-dependent (significant at 10(-7) M) and transient manner (maximal after 24-h stimulation). Histamine also transiently up-regulates the expression of the costimulatory and accessory molecules, CD40, CD49d, CD54, CD80, and MHC class II. As a consequence, immature DC exposed for 24 h to histamine stimulate memory T cells more efficiently than untreated DC. In addition, histamine induces a potent production of IL-6, IL-8, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1, and macrophage-inflammatory protein 1alpha by immature DC and also up-regulates IL-1beta, RANTES, and macrophage-inflammatory protein 1beta but not TNF-alpha and IL-12 mRNA expression. Histamine activates immature DC through both the H1 and H2 receptors. However, histamine-treated DC do not have a phenotype of fully mature cells, as they do neither show significant changes in the expression of the chemokine receptors, CCR5, CCR7 and CXC chemokine receptor 4, nor expression of CD83 de novo. These data demonstrate that histamine activates immature DC and induces chemokine production, thereby suggesting that histamine, via stimulation of resident DC, may participate locally in T cell stimulation and in the late inflammatory reaction associated with allergic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Caron
- Centre d'Immunologie Pierre Fabre, Saint-Julien en Genevois, France
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Inder SJ, Bobryshev YV, Cherian SM, Lord RS, Masuda K, Yutani C. Accumulation of lymphocytes, dendritic cells, and granulocytes in the aortic wall affected by Takayasu's disease. Angiology 2000; 51:565-79. [PMID: 10917581 DOI: 10.1177/000331970005100705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to analyze the cellular composition of the arterial wall in Takayasu's disease and to investigate the contribution of the various cell types to the immunoinflammatory processes and degenerative alterations of the vessel wall in this disease. Specimens of aorta were obtained at operation from 10 patients with Takayasu's arteritis. The duration of disease ranged from 2 months to 13 years. Immunohistochemical investigation was carried out using the antibodies CD3 (to identify T-cells), CD20 (B-cells), S-100 (dendritic cells), CD68 (macrophages), CD15 (granulocytes), von Willebrand factor (endothelial cells), and alpha-smooth muscle actin (smooth muscle cells). All specimens showed distinctive histologic features of Takayasu's arteritis and contained inflammatory infiltrates, but the degree of their accumulation within the aortic wall varied. Inflammatory infiltrates within the deep part of the intima, around areas of neovascularization and within the adventitia contained T-cells colocalizing with dendritic cells. Nodules formed by large numbers of intermingling T-cells and B-cells enriched with dendritic cells were observed in the adventitia. Massive accumulation of granulocytes and their destruction within the adventitia were prominent in all cases. This is the first study that establishes the presence of dendritic cells and granulocytes in Takayasu's disease. Dendritic cells are probably involved in the immunoinflammatory processes through their interaction with T-cells and B-cells. The present observations may help understanding of the pathogenesis of Takayasu's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Inder
- Surgical Professorial Unit, St. Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, Australia
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Inder SJ, Bobryshev YV, Cherian SM, Wang AY, Lord RS, Masuda K, Yutani C. Immunophenotypic analysis of the aortic wall in Takayasu's arteritis: involvement of lymphocytes, dendritic cells and granulocytes in immuno-inflammatory reactions. CARDIOVASCULAR SURGERY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2000; 8:141-8. [PMID: 10737351 DOI: 10.1016/s0967-2109(99)00100-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The present study was undertaken to examine the cellular composition of the aortic wall in Takayasu's arteritis and to investigate the association of different cell types in the immuno-inflammatory reactions of this disease. Specimens of aortic wall affected by Takayasu's arteritis were obtained from 10 patients (five male, five female), aged 32 to 68 years (mean 49.5 years) at elective operation. The mean duration of disease was 6.5 years (range 2 months to 13 years). Specimens were embedded in paraffin and the sections stained with antibodies to CD3 (to identify T cells), CD20 (B cells), S-100 (dendritic cells), CD15 (granulocytes), CD68 (macrophages), alpha-SMA (smooth muscle cells) and von Willebrand factor (endothelial cells). Immunohistochemical examination demonstrated that all specimens showed histological alteration with the replacement of the muscular and elastic layers of the media and adventitia by dense fibrous tissue, and were characterized by varying degrees of inflammatory cell infiltration. In five cases, inflammatory nodules consisting of numerous T cells and B cells were observed in the adventitia. Within the inflammatory nodules, as well as around areas of neovascularization in the deep portion of the intima, lymphocytes were co-localized with dendritic cells. In addition, in the adventitia, the accumulation of a large number of granulocytes was observed. The present study demonstrates that immune inflammation is a typical feature of Takayasu's disease, and that the interactions between dendritic cells and lymphocytes may be important in the control of the immune reactions in this vascular pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Inder
- Surgical Professorial Unit, St Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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