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Handle KF, Bakry R, Bonn GK. Phosphonium based anion exchange resin for enrichment of phenolic acids. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1700:464049. [PMID: 37178554 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.464049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this work is to investigate the efficiency of a phosphonium-based strong anion exchange sorbent for the extraction of some selected phenolic acids. The material was synthesized through chloromethylation of a porous poly(styrene-divinylbenzene) substrate with high degree of crosslinking, followed by quaternarization with tributyl phosphine. The parameters affecting the solid phase extraction of five phenolic acids, namely chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, dihydroxybenzoic acid, ferulic acid and rosmarinic acid were optimized. The sample pH and the type, volume and concentration of the eluting solutions were investigated. The analysis of the phenolic acids after extraction was performed using HPLC with diode array detection. Limit of detection, limit of quantitation, linear range, correlation coefficient and reproducibility for the determination of the phenolic acids were estimated. The retention of the phenolic acids on the developed phase was studied using breakthrough analysis. The experimental breakthrough curves were fitted by Boltzmann's function, and the regression parameters were utilized for the determination of the breakthrough parameters. The results obtained using the developed phase were compared with those obtained by the commercially available Oasis MAX sorbent. The proposed approach was successfully applied for the extraction and pre-concentration of rosmarinic acid from rosemary leaf (Rosmarini folium) alcoholic extract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl F Handle
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Radiochemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, Innsbruck A-6020, Austria
| | - Rania Bakry
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Radiochemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, Innsbruck A-6020, Austria.
| | - Günther K Bonn
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Radiochemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, Innsbruck A-6020, Austria; ADSI-Austrian Drug Screening Institute, Innrain 66a, Innsbruck A-6020, Austria
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Hotton C, Sirieix-Plénet J, Ducouret G, Bizien T, Chennevière A, Porcar L, Michot L, Malikova N. Organisation of clay nanoplatelets in a polyelectrolyte-based hydrogel. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 604:358-367. [PMID: 34273780 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the organisation of clay nanoplatelets within a hydrogel based on modified ionenes, cationic polyelectrolytes forming physically crosslinked hydrogels induced by hydrogen bonding and π-π stacking. Combination of small angle X-ray and neutron scattering (SAXS, SANS) reveals the structure of the polyelectrolyte network as well as the organisation of the clay additives. The clay-free hydrogel network features a characteristic mesh-size between 20 and 30 nm, depending on the polyelectrolyte concentration. Clay nanoplatelets inside the hydrogel organise in a regular face-to-face stacking manner, with a large repeat distance, following rather closely the hydrogel mesh-size. The presence of the nanoplatelets does not modify the hydrogel mesh size. Further, the clay-compensating counterions (Na+, Ca2+ or La3+) and the clay type (montmorillonite, beidellite) both have a significant influence on nanoplatelet organisation. The degree of nanoplatelet ordering in the hydrogel is very sensitive to the negative charge location on the clay platelet (different for each clay type). Increased nanoplatelet ordering leads to an improvement of the elastic properties of the hydrogel. On the contrary, the presence of dense clay aggregates (tactoids), induced by multi-valent clay counterions, destroys the hydrogel network as seen by the reduction of the elastic modulus of the hydrogel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Hotton
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Electrolytes and Interfacial Nanosystems (PHENIX), Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 75005 Paris, France.
| | - Juliette Sirieix-Plénet
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Electrolytes and Interfacial Nanosystems (PHENIX), Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Guylaine Ducouret
- Laboratory of Soft Matter Sciences and Engineering (SIMM), ESPCI Paris, PSL Research University, CNRS, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Thomas Bizien
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, l'Orme des Merisiers, Saint-Aubin - BP 48, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette CEDEX, France
| | - Alexis Chennevière
- Laboratoire Leon Brillouin, UMR12 CEA-CNRS-Université Paris-Saclay, Gif sur Yvette F-91191, France
| | - Lionel Porcar
- Large Scale Structures, Institut Laue Langevin, GrenobleF-38042, France
| | - Laurent Michot
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Electrolytes and Interfacial Nanosystems (PHENIX), Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Natalie Malikova
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Electrolytes and Interfacial Nanosystems (PHENIX), Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 75005 Paris, France.
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Sakhawoth Y, Michot L, Levitz P, Rollet AL, Sirieix-Plenet J, Merino DH, Malikova N. Aggregation of Plate-like Colloids Induced by Charged Polymer Chains: Organization at the Nanometer Scale Tuned by Polymer Charge Density. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:10937-10946. [PMID: 31318560 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b00939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We study the aggregation of charged plate-like colloids, Na-montmorillonite clays, in the presence of ionenes, oppositely charged polymer chains. The choice of the charged polymer allows tuning its linear charge density to match/mismatch the average charge separation on the clay surfaces. We assess the nanoscale structure of the aggregates formed by small-angle X-ray and neutron scattering. The nanoscale features of the formed clay aggregates are dominated by the presence of a stacking peak, giving clear evidence for the formation of clay tactoids, that is, a face-to-face aggregation geometry of the clay platelets. The chain charge density of ionenes influences not only the stacking repeat distance within the clay tactoids but also the extent of stacking and abundance of the tactoids. We may distinguish two regimes as a function of clay and ionene polymer charge densities (ρc and ρp, respectively). The first regime applies to ρp > ρc and ρp ≈ ρc, that is, for highly and "matching" charged chains. Under these conditions, the intercalated chains lie in a flat conformation within the tactoids, irrespective of the ionic strength (within the range studied, i.e., up to 0.05 M NaBr). For weakly charged chains, ρp < ρc, undulation of the ionene chains within the tactoid is seen. The degree of undulation increases with ionic strength due to the decreasing persistence length of the ionene chains. The extent of stacking (5-10 platelets per tactoid) is a general feature of all the systems, and its origin remains unknown. The system corresponding to the closest match in charge separations on the clay surface and on the polymer chain (ρp ≈ ρc) features the highest abundance of tactoids. This coincides with the highest macroscopic density as deduced from simple visual inspection of sediment volumes. This leads to the open question regarding the link between the density at the nanoscale and the macroscopic density and sedimentation behavior of the aggregate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasine Sakhawoth
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Electrolytes and Interfacial Nanosystems (PHENIX), Sorbonne Université, CNRS , 75005 Paris , France
| | - Laurent Michot
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Electrolytes and Interfacial Nanosystems (PHENIX), Sorbonne Université, CNRS , 75005 Paris , France
| | - Pierre Levitz
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Electrolytes and Interfacial Nanosystems (PHENIX), Sorbonne Université, CNRS , 75005 Paris , France
| | - Anne-Laure Rollet
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Electrolytes and Interfacial Nanosystems (PHENIX), Sorbonne Université, CNRS , 75005 Paris , France
| | - Juliette Sirieix-Plenet
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Electrolytes and Interfacial Nanosystems (PHENIX), Sorbonne Université, CNRS , 75005 Paris , France
| | - Daniel Hermida Merino
- ESRF (The European Synchrotron Radiation Facility) , 71 Avenue des Martyrs , 38000 Grenoble France
| | - Natalie Malikova
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Electrolytes and Interfacial Nanosystems (PHENIX), Sorbonne Université, CNRS , 75005 Paris , France
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Kaltz A, Bohra L, Tripp JS, Seubert A. Influencing the selectivity of grafted anion exchangers utilizing the solubility of the radical initiator during the graft process. Anal Chim Acta X 2019; 2:100019. [PMID: 33117980 PMCID: PMC7587026 DOI: 10.1016/j.acax.2019.100019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A previously published radical graft-functionalization method for the synthesis of high performance anion exchangers was further investigated to control the capacity and selectivity of the exchangers. Using a hydrophobic radical initiator instead of a hydrophilic one diminished the influence of rivaling homopolymerization of monomer during the functionalization step. Instead of only generating monomer radicals in free solution the radicals are ideally generated on top of the PS/DVB surface. However, in both cases the selectivity factors of polarizable anions bromide and nitrate in relation to chloride increased strongly with increasing capacity of the exchanger. Higher exchanger capacities could lead to coelution of bromide and/or nitrate with other analytes such as sulfate or phosphate when using the eluent as proposed in this work. By variation of the organic solvent used for functionalization it was possible to remove both the rivaling homopolymerization and the strong influence of the capacity on the selectivity. With increasing solubility of the hydrophobic radical initiator in the organic solvent the influence of the homopolymerization and the influence on the selectivity factor of bromide and nitrate decreased. Additionally, a change of bromate selectivity factor could be observed. The bromate signal is shifted closer towards the chloride signal. However, with increasing solubility of the radical initiator in the organic solvent the observed capacity of the exchangers decreases linearly, resulting in higher amounts of monomer needed for functionalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Achim Kaltz
- University of Marburg, Faculty of Chemistry, Analytical Chemistry, Hans-Meerwein-Str. 4, 35032, Marburg, Germany
| | - Lea Bohra
- University of Marburg, Faculty of Chemistry, Analytical Chemistry, Hans-Meerwein-Str. 4, 35032, Marburg, Germany
| | - Jonathan S Tripp
- University of Marburg, Faculty of Chemistry, Analytical Chemistry, Hans-Meerwein-Str. 4, 35032, Marburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Seubert
- University of Marburg, Faculty of Chemistry, Analytical Chemistry, Hans-Meerwein-Str. 4, 35032, Marburg, Germany
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Zhang K, Lou C, Zhu Y, Zhi M, Zeng X, Shou D. Covalently grafted anion exchangers with linear epoxy-amine functionalities for high-performance ion chromatography. Talanta 2019; 194:485-492. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.10.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2018] [Revised: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Hyperbranched anion exchangers prepared from thiol-ene modified polymeric substrates for suppressed ion chromatography. Talanta 2018; 184:491-498. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.03.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2017] [Revised: 03/04/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Zatirakha AV, Uzhel AS, Smolenkov AD, Shpigun OA. Methods for Preparing High Performance Stationary Phases for Anion-Exchange Chromatography. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.3103/s002713141801008x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Ioutsi AN, Shapovalova EN, Ioutsi VA, Mazhuga AG, Shpigun OA. Separation of pharmacologically active nitrogen-containing compounds on silica gels modified with 6,10-ionene, dextran sulfate, and gold nanoparticles. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A 2017. [DOI: 10.1134/s0036024417120111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Sakhawoth Y, Michot LJ, Levitz P, Malikova N. Flocculation of Clay Colloids Induced by Model Polyelectrolytes: Effects of Relative Charge Density and Size. Chemphyschem 2017; 18:2756-2765. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201700430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Pierre Levitz
- Sorbonne UniversitéUPMC-CNRSLaboratoire Phenix Paris France
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Novel polymer-based anion-exchangers with covalently-bonded functional layers of quaternized polyethyleneimine for ion chromatography. Anal Chim Acta 2017; 964:187-194. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2017.01.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Revised: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Covalently-bonded hyperbranched poly(styrene-divinylbenzene)-based anion exchangers for ion chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1470:97-103. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Revised: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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12
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Zatirakha A, Smolenkov A, Shpigun O. Preparation and chromatographic performance of polymer-based anion exchangers for ion chromatography: A review. Anal Chim Acta 2016; 904:33-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2015.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Revised: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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13
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Wang MH, Huang ZP, Liu JW, He J, Zhang JJ, Zhu Y. Iodide analysis by ion chromatography on a new stationary phase of polystyrene-divinylbenzene agglomerated with polymerized-epichlorohydrin-dimethylamine. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2015.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Malikova N, Rollet AL, Čebašek S, Tomšič M, Vlachy V. On the crossroads of current polyelectrolyte theory and counterion-specific effects. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:5650-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cp05469e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Aqueous solutions of ionene polyelectrolytes highlight the need for combining the scaling concepts of polyelectrolyte solutions with those of ion specificity, to encompass the wealth of phenomena taking place in these systems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sašo Čebašek
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology
- University of Ljubljana
- SI-1000 Ljubljana
- Slovenia
| | - Matija Tomšič
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology
- University of Ljubljana
- SI-1000 Ljubljana
- Slovenia
| | - Vojko Vlachy
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology
- University of Ljubljana
- SI-1000 Ljubljana
- Slovenia
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Nesterenko EP, Nesterenko PN, Paull B. Zwitterionic ion-exchangers in ion chromatography: A review of recent developments. Anal Chim Acta 2009; 652:3-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2009.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2009] [Revised: 06/02/2009] [Accepted: 06/03/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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