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Ingrassia EB, Fiorentini EF, Escudero LB. Hybrid biomaterials to preconcentrate and determine toxic metals and metalloids: a review. Anal Bioanal Chem 2023:10.1007/s00216-023-04683-x. [PMID: 37085739 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-023-04683-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
Abstract
Toxic elements represent a serious threat to the environment and cause harmful effects on different environmental components, even at trace levels. These toxic elements are often difficult to detect through the typical instrumentation of an analytical laboratory because they are found at very low concentrations in matrices such as food and water. Therefore, preconcentration plays a fundamental role since it allows the effects of the matrix to be minimized, thus reaching lower detection limits and greater sensitivity of detection techniques. In recent years, solid-phase extraction has been successfully used for the preconcentration of metals as an environmentally friendly technique due to the fact that it eliminates or minimizes the use of reagents and solvents and offers reduced analysis times and low generation of waste in the laboratory. Hybrid biomaterials are low-cost, eco-friendly, and useful as efficient solid phases for the preconcentration of elements. In this review, recent investigations based on the use of hybrid biomaterials for the preconcentration and determination of toxic metals are presented and discussed, given special attention to bionanomaterials. A brief description of hybrid biomaterials often used for analytical purposes, as well as analytical techniques mostly used to characterize the hybrid biomaterials, is explained. Finally, the future prospects that encourage the search for new hybrid biomaterials are commented upon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estefanía B Ingrassia
- Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology (BioTA), Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences, National University of Cuyo/Interdisciplinary Institute of Basic Sciences (ICB), CONICET UNCUYO, Padre J. Contreras 1300, 5500, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Emiliano F Fiorentini
- Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology (BioTA), Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences, National University of Cuyo/Interdisciplinary Institute of Basic Sciences (ICB), CONICET UNCUYO, Padre J. Contreras 1300, 5500, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Leticia B Escudero
- Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology (BioTA), Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences, National University of Cuyo/Interdisciplinary Institute of Basic Sciences (ICB), CONICET UNCUYO, Padre J. Contreras 1300, 5500, Mendoza, Argentina.
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Anani OA, Adama KK, Ukhurebor KE, Habib AI, Abanihi VK, Pal K. Application of nanofibrous protein for the purification of contaminated water as a next generational sorption technology: a review. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 34:232004. [PMID: 36807991 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/acbd9f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Globally, wastes from agricultural and industrial activities cause water pollution. Pollutants such as microbes, pesticides, and heavy metals in contaminated water bodies beyond their threshold limits result in several diseases like mutagenicity, cancer, gastrointestinal problems, and skin or dermal issues when bioaccumulated via ingestion and dermal contacts. Several technologies have been used in modern times to treat wastes or pollutants such as membrane purification technologies and ionic exchange methods. However, these methods have been recounted to be capital intensive, non-eco-friendly, and need deep technical know-how to operate thus, contributing to their inefficiencies and non-efficacies. This review work evaluated the application of Nanofibrils-protein for the purification of contaminated water. Findings from the study indicated that Nanofibrils protein is economically viable, green, and sustainable when used for water pollutant management or removal because they have outstanding recyclability of wastes without resulting in a secondary phase-pollutant. It is recommended to use residues from dairy industries, agriculture, cattle guano, and wastes from a kitchen in conjunction with nanomaterials to develop nanofibrils protein which has been recounted for the effective removal of micro and micropollutants from wastewater and water. The commercialization of nanofibrils protein for the purification of wastewater and water against pollutants has been tied to novel methods in nanoengineering technology, which depends strongly on the environmental impact in the aqueous ecosystem. So, there is a need to establish a legal framework for the establishment of a nano-based material for the effective purification of water against pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osikemekha Anthony Anani
- Laboratory for Ecotoxicology and Forensic Biology, Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, Edo State University, Uzairue, Edo State, Nigeria
| | - Kenneth Kennedy Adama
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Edo State University, Uzairue, Edo State, Nigeria
| | | | - Aishatu Idris Habib
- Department of Microbiology, Edo State University, Faculty of Science, Uzairue, Nigeria
| | - Vincent Kenechi Abanihi
- Department of Electrical/Electronic Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Edo State University, Uzairue, Nigeria
| | - Kaushik Pal
- University Centre for Research and Development (UCRD), Department of Physics, Chandigarh University, Mohali, Gharuan, Punjab 140413, India
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Synthesis and characterization of eggshell membrane polymer-TiO2 nanocomposite for newly synthesized ionic liquid release. JOURNAL OF THE IRANIAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s13738-022-02584-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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4
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Vinayagam V, Murugan S, Kumaresan R, Narayanan M, Sillanpää M, Vo DVN, Kushwaha OS. Protein nanofibrils as versatile and sustainable adsorbents for an effective removal of heavy metals from wastewater: A review. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 301:134635. [PMID: 35447212 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Water is a valuable natural resource, which plays a crucial role in ecological survival as well as economic progress. However, the water quality has deteriorated in recent years as a result of urbanization, industrialization and human activities due to the uncontrolled release of industrial wastes, which can be extremely carcinogenic and non-degradable, in air, water and soil bodies. Such wastes showed the presence of organic and inorganic pollutants in high dosages. Heavy metals are the most obstinate contaminants, and they can be harmful because of having a variety of detrimental consequences to the ecosystem. The existing water treatment methods in many situations may not be sustainable or effective because of their high energy requirements and ecological impacts. In this review, state-of-the-art water treatment methods for the elimination of heavy metals with the help of protein nanofibrils are covered featuring a discussion on the strategies and possibilities of developing protein nanofibrils for the active elimination of heavy metals using kitchen waste as well as residues from the cattle, agriculture, and dairy industries. Further, the emphasis has been given to their environmental sustainability and economical aspects are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vignesh Vinayagam
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sri Venkateswara College of Engineering, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 602117, India
| | - Shrima Murugan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sri Venkateswara College of Engineering, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 602117, India
| | - Rishikeswaran Kumaresan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sri Venkateswara College of Engineering, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 602117, India
| | - Meyyappan Narayanan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sri Venkateswara College of Engineering, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 602117, India
| | - Mika Sillanpää
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Mining, Metallurgy and Chemical Engineering, University of Johannesburg, P. O. Box 17011, Doornfontein, 2028, South Africa; Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Aarhus University, Nørrebrogade 44, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark; Sustainable Membrane Technology Research Group (SMTRG), Chemical Engineering Department, Persian Gulf University, P.O. Box 75169-13817, Bushehr, Iran; Zhejiang Rongsheng Environmental Protection Paper Co. Ltd, No. 588 East Zhennan Road, Pinghu Economic Development Zone, Zhejiang, 314213, PR China
| | - Dai-Viet N Vo
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City, 755414, Viet Nam.
| | - Omkar Singh Kushwaha
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600036, India.
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Yao Z, Liu J, Mao X, Chen G, Ma Z, Li B. Ultratrace mercury speciation analysis in rice by in-line solid phase extraction - liquid chromatography - atomic fluorescence spectrometry. Food Chem 2022; 379:132116. [PMID: 35063845 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.132116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
For the first time, Hg2+ and methylmercury speciation analysis was accomplished by in-line SPE-LC-AFS. After modification with 0.1 mL of 0.001% (m:v) sodium diethyldithiocarbamate, a C18 microcolumn retained Hg2+ and MetHg in rice extract within 3 min; the captured Hg species were separated within 12 min in 0.25% (v:v) 2-mercaptoethanol + 60 mmol L-1 (m:v) ammonium acetate + 4% (v:v) acetonitrile. Under optimized conditions, the detection limits were 0.3 ng L-1 for Hg2+ and 0.2 ng L-1 for MetHg, respectively, with 10 mL injection vs. 0.1 mL eluent; in-line SPE achieved ∼ 100x enrichment. Method precision and accuracy were satisfactory at < 2% relative standard deviations (RSDs) for 20 ng L-1 of Hg2+ and MetHg and 95-102% recoveries for real rice samples. In-line SPE obviated human involvement and avoided invalid transportation between interfaces, rendering this SPE-LC-AFS method easy, compact, robust, yet sensitive in mercury speciation analysis to uphold food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Yao
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, and Key Laboratory of Agro-food Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, China; Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology, BAAFS (Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences), Beijing 100097, China
| | - Jixin Liu
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, and Key Laboratory of Agro-food Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, China; Beijing Ability Technology Company, Limited, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Xuefei Mao
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, and Key Laboratory of Agro-food Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Guoying Chen
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, 600 E. Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038, USA
| | - Zhihong Ma
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology, BAAFS (Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences), Beijing 100097, China
| | - Bingru Li
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology, BAAFS (Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences), Beijing 100097, China
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Preparation of a Hybrid Membrane from Whey Protein Fibrils and Activated Carbon to Remove Mercury and Chromium from Water. MEMBRANES 2020; 10:membranes10120386. [PMID: 33266234 PMCID: PMC7760280 DOI: 10.3390/membranes10120386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
Water contamination by mercury and chromium has a direct effect in human health. A promising technology to remove heavy metals by membrane filtration is the use of hybrid membranes produced with whey protein fibrils (WPF) and activated carbon (AC). In this study, the best conditions to produce WPF by heat treatment were determined to maximize the removal of mercury and chromium from water using a central composed design. The results indicated that the best conditions to prepare WPF were 74 °C, 7 h and 3.8% of whey protein with adsorption capacities of 25 and 18 mg/g and removal efficiencies of 81 and 57% for mercury and chromium, respectively. WPF and AC were used to prepare a hybrid membrane that was characterized using transmission electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface area measurements. Batch filtration experiments were performed with the hybrid membrane for chromium and mercury removal at 25, 50 and 100 mg/L to determine its adsorption capacities. A high performance of the hybrid membrane was demonstrated removing efficiently mercury and chromium from water, thus supporting more than ten filtration cycles.
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Ahmad H, Sharfan IIB, Khan RA, Alsalme A. Effective Enrichment and Quantitative Determination of Trace Hg 2+ Ions Using CdS-Decorated Cellulose Nanofibrils. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10112218. [PMID: 33171741 PMCID: PMC7694963 DOI: 10.3390/nano10112218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Water pollution caused by metal contamination is of serious concern. Direct determination of trace metal ions in real water samples remains challenging. A sample preparation technique is a prerequisite before analysis. Herein, we report the facile water-based hydrothermal synthesis of cadmium sulfide nanoparticles on a cellulose nanofiber surface to prepare a new adsorbent material. Field emission scanning electron microscopy, high-resolution tunneling electron microscopy, elemental mapping and X-ray photoelectron microscopy were used to characterize the surface morphology, structural determination, elemental composition and nature of bonding. The nanoadsorbent (cadmium-sulfide-decorated cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs@CdS)) was employed for the solid-phase extraction and determination of trace Hg(II) from aqueous media. The experimental conditions were optimized systematically and the data show a good Hg(II) adsorption capacity of 126.0 mg g−1. The CNFs@CdS adsorbent shows the selective removal of Hg(II) accordingly to the hard and soft acid–base theory of metal–ligand interaction. A high preconcentration limit of 0.36 µg L−1 was obtained with a preconcentration factor of 580. The lowest level of trace Hg(II) concentration, which was quantitatively analyzed by the proposed method, was found to be 0.06 µg L−1. No significant interferences from the sample matrix were observed in the extraction of Hg(II). Analysis of the standard reference material (SRM 1641d) was carried out to validate the proposed methodology. Good agreement between the certified and observed values indicates the applicability of the developed methodology for the analysis of Hg(II) in tap water, river water and industrial wastewater samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilal Ahmad
- Division of Computational Physics, Institute for Computational Science, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam;
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
| | - Ibtisam I. Bin Sharfan
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (I.I.B.S.); (R.A.K.)
| | - Rais Ahmad Khan
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (I.I.B.S.); (R.A.K.)
| | - Ali Alsalme
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (I.I.B.S.); (R.A.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +96-654-051-8430
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Carbon-based sorbents and their nanocomposites for the enrichment of heavy metal ions: a review. Mikrochim Acta 2019; 186:578. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-019-3668-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/06/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Jia X, Zhao J, Ren H, Wang J, Hong Z, Zhang X. Zwitterion-functionalized polymer microspheres-based solid phase extraction method on-line combined with HPLC–ICP-MS for mercury speciation. Talanta 2019; 196:592-599. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 12/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Santos LB, de Oliveira DM, de Souza AO, Lemos VA. A new method for the speciation of arsenic species in water, seafood and cigarette samples using an eggshell membrane. JOURNAL OF THE IRANIAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s13738-019-01665-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Jamshidi S, Rofouei MK, Seidi S, Emmer Å. Applicability of a magnetic bucky gel for microextraction of mercury from complicated matrices followed by cold vapor atomic absorption spectroscopy. SEP SCI TECHNOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/01496395.2019.1597120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Jamshidi
- School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, Department of Chemistry, Analytical Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Shahram Seidi
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, K.N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Åsa Emmer
- School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, Department of Chemistry, Analytical Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
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Farrokhzadeh S, Razmi H. Use of chicken feet yellow membrane as a biosorbent in miniaturized solid phase extraction for determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in several real samples. Microchem J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2018.06.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Farrokhzadeh S, Razmi H. Facile preparation of a chicken feet yellow membrane coated fiber for application in solid-phase microextraction. SEPARATION SCIENCE PLUS 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/sscp.201800034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Samaneh Farrokhzadeh
- Analytical Chemistry Research Laboratory; Faculty of Basic Sciences; Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University; Tabriz Iran
| | - Habib Razmi
- Analytical Chemistry Research Laboratory; Faculty of Basic Sciences; Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University; Tabriz Iran
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Zhang X, Tan J, Xu X, Shi F, Li G, Yang Y. A coordination polymer based magnetic adsorbent material for hemoglobin isolation from human whole blood, highly selective and recoverable. J SOLID STATE CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jssc.2017.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Li Y, Wang A, Bai Y, Wang S. Evaluation of a mixed anionic-nonionic surfactant modified eggshell membrane as an advantageous adsorbent for the solid-phase extraction of Sudan I-IV as model analytes. J Sep Sci 2017; 40:2591-2602. [PMID: 28467674 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201700094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Revised: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The coadsorption of mixed anionic-nonionic surfactants, sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate with Triton X-100, on the surface of eggshell membrane was investigated based on adsorption isotherms to improve the solid-phase extraction performance of eggshell membrane toward organic contaminants. Results showed that even though excess Triton X-100 might inhibit the adsorption of sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate, a low dosage of Triton X-100 can significantly improve sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate modification and enhance the extraction efficiency of eggshell membrane from 73.7 to 100.4% because of the formation of mixed hemimicelles. The highest recovery was achieved at 2:8 (Triton X-100/sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate mass ratios), and multiple mechanisms involving π-π interactions, hydrophobic effect, and π-π electron donor-acceptor interactions contributed to the strong extraction affinity. When mixed, the Triton X-100 and sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate modified eggshell membrane packed cartridge coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography was applied for the simultaneous determination of trace Sudan I-IV, and low detection limits (0.16-0.26 ng/L) were achieved with satisfactory linearity (R2 > 0.999) in 10-10 000 μg/L. For real samples, Sudan II and III in one chilli sauce sample were found at 4.3 and 1.7 μg/kg. Sudan I-IV recoveries at three spiked levels were 87.4-102.9% with precisions <6.8%. Comparison with commonly used solid-phase extraction adsorbents and methods further reflected the superiorities of the proposed adsorbent in sensitivity, retention ability, and applicability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Li
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Anyi Wang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yunfei Bai
- Tianjin Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Tianjin Economic and Technological Development Area (TEDA), Tianjin, China
| | - Shiping Wang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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A nanomagnetic and 3-mercaptopropyl-functionalized silica powder for dispersive solid phase extraction of Hg(II) prior to its determination by continuous-flow cold vapor AAS. Mikrochim Acta 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-017-2224-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Razmi H, Farrokhzadeh S. Introduction of a coiled solid-phase microextraction fiber based on a coating of animal bone waste for chromatographic analysis. J Sep Sci 2017; 40:1747-1754. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201601240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Revised: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Habib Razmi
- Analytical Chemistry Research Laboratory, Faculty of Basic Sciences; Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University; Tabriz Iran
| | - Samaneh Farrokhzadeh
- Analytical Chemistry Research Laboratory, Faculty of Basic Sciences; Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University; Tabriz Iran
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