1
|
Kołodziej T, Mrózek M, Sengottuvel S, Głowacki MJ, Ficek M, Gawlik W, Rajfur Z, Wojciechowski AM. Multimodal analysis of traction forces and the temperature dynamics of living cells with a diamond-embedded substrate. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2024; 15:4024-4043. [PMID: 39022544 PMCID: PMC11249686 DOI: 10.1364/boe.524293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Cells and tissues are constantly exposed to chemical and physical signals that regulate physiological and pathological processes. This study explores the integration of two biophysical methods: traction force microscopy (TFM) and optically detected magnetic resonance (ODMR) to concurrently assess cellular traction forces and the local relative temperature. We present a novel elastic substrate with embedded nitrogen-vacancy microdiamonds that facilitate ODMR-TFM measurements. Optimization efforts focused on minimizing sample illumination and experiment duration to mitigate biological perturbations. Our hybrid ODMR-TFM technique yields TFM maps and achieves approximately 1 K precision in relative temperature measurements. Our setup employs a simple wide-field fluorescence microscope with standard components, demonstrating the feasibility of the proposed technique in life science laboratories. By elucidating the physical aspects of cellular behavior beyond the existing methods, this approach opens avenues for a deeper understanding of cellular processes and may inspire the development of diverse biomedical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Kołodziej
- Jagiellonian University Medical School, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kraków, Poland
- Jagiellonian University , Faculty of Physics, Astronomy, and Applied Computer Science, Kraków, Poland
| | - Mariusz Mrózek
- Jagiellonian University , Faculty of Physics, Astronomy, and Applied Computer Science, Kraków, Poland
| | - Saravanan Sengottuvel
- Jagiellonian University , Faculty of Physics, Astronomy, and Applied Computer Science, Kraków, Poland
- Jagiellonian University, Doctoral School of Exact and Natural Sciences, Kraków, Poland
| | - Maciej J Głowacki
- Gdansk University of Technology, Faculty of Electronics, Telecommunications, and Informatics, Department of Metrology and Optoelectronics, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Mateusz Ficek
- Gdansk University of Technology, Faculty of Electronics, Telecommunications, and Informatics, Department of Metrology and Optoelectronics, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Wojciech Gawlik
- Jagiellonian University , Faculty of Physics, Astronomy, and Applied Computer Science, Kraków, Poland
| | - Zenon Rajfur
- Jagiellonian University , Faculty of Physics, Astronomy, and Applied Computer Science, Kraków, Poland
| | - Adam M Wojciechowski
- Jagiellonian University , Faculty of Physics, Astronomy, and Applied Computer Science, Kraków, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Głowacki MJ, Niedziałkowski P, Ryl J, Prześniak-Welenc M, Sawczak M, Prusik K, Ficek M, Janik M, Pyrchla K, Olewniczak M, Bojarski K, Czub J, Bogdanowicz R. Enhancing colloidal stability of nanodiamond via surface modification with dendritic molecules for optical sensing in physiological environments. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 675:236-250. [PMID: 38970910 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2024.06.225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
Abstract
Pre-treatment of diamond surface in low-temperature plasma for oxygenation and in acids for carboxylation was hypothesized to promote the branching density of the hyperbranched glycidol polymer. This was expected to increase the homogeneity of the branching level and suppress interactions with proteins. As a result, composite nanodiamonds with reduced hydrodynamic diameters that are maintained in physiological environments were anticipated. Surfaces of 140-nm-sized nanodiamonds were functionalized with oxygen and carboxyl groups for grafting of hyperbranched dendritic polyglycerol via anionic ring-opening polymerization of glycidol. The modification was verified with Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Dynamic light scattering investigated colloidal stability in pH-diverse (2-12) solutions, concentrated phosphate-buffered saline, and cell culture media. Thermogravimetric analysis of nanodiamonds-protein incubations examined non-specific binding. Fluorescence emission was tested across pH conditions. Molecular dynamics simulations modeled interparticle interactions in ionic solutions. The hyperbranched polyglycerol grafting increased colloidal stability of nanodiamonds across diverse pH, high ionic media like 10 × concentrated phosphate-buffered saline, and physiological media like serum and cell culture medium. The hyperbranched polyglycerol suppressed non-specific protein adsorption while maintaining intensive fluorescence of nanodiamonds regardless of pH. Molecular modelling indicated reduced interparticle interactions in ionic solutions correlating with the improved colloidal stability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maciej J Głowacki
- Gdańsk University of Technology, Faculty of Electronics, Telecommunications and Informatics, Department of Metrology and Optoelectronics, Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Paweł Niedziałkowski
- University of Gdańsk, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Jacek Ryl
- Gdańsk University of Technology, Faculty of Applied Physics and Mathematics, Institute of Nanotechnology and Materials Engineering, Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Marta Prześniak-Welenc
- Gdańsk University of Technology, Faculty of Applied Physics and Mathematics, Institute of Nanotechnology and Materials Engineering, Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Mirosław Sawczak
- Polish Academy of Sciences, The Szewalski Institute of Fluid-Flow Machinery, The Centre for Plasma and Laser Engineering, Fiszera 14, 80-231 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Klaudia Prusik
- Gdańsk University of Technology, Faculty of Applied Physics and Mathematics, Institute of Nanotechnology and Materials Engineering, Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Mateusz Ficek
- Gdańsk University of Technology, Faculty of Electronics, Telecommunications and Informatics, Department of Metrology and Optoelectronics, Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Monika Janik
- Warsaw University of Technology, Institute of Microelectronics and Optoelectronics, Koszykowa 75, 00-662 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Pyrchla
- Gdańsk University of Technology, Faculty of Electronics, Telecommunications and Informatics, Department of Metrology and Optoelectronics, Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Michał Olewniczak
- Gdańsk University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Physical Chemistry, Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Bojarski
- Gdańsk University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Physical Chemistry, Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Jacek Czub
- Gdańsk University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Physical Chemistry, Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Robert Bogdanowicz
- Gdańsk University of Technology, Faculty of Electronics, Telecommunications and Informatics, Department of Metrology and Optoelectronics, Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ebrahimi AM, Gawlik W, Wojciechowski AM, Rajfur Z. Cell-particles interaction - selective uptake and transport of microdiamonds. Commun Biol 2024; 7:318. [PMID: 38480800 PMCID: PMC10937934 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-05974-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Diamond particles have recently emerged as novel agents in cellular studies because of their superb biocompatibility. Their unique characteristics, including small size and the presence of fluorescent color centers, stimulate many important applications. However, the mechanism of interaction between cells and diamond particles-uptake, transport, and final localization within cells-is not yet fully understood. Herein, we show a novel, to the best of our knowledge, cell behavior wherein cells actively target and uptake diamond particles rather than latex beads from their surroundings, followed by their active transport within cells. Furthermore, we demonstrate that myosin-X is involved in cell-particle interaction, while myosin-II does not participate in particle uptake and transport. These results can have important implications for drug delivery and improve sensing methods that use diamond particles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Armin M Ebrahimi
- Marian Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, 30-348, Kraków, Poland
- Doctoral School of Exact and Natural Sciences, Jagiellonian University, 30-348, Kraków, Poland
| | - Wojciech Gawlik
- Marian Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, 30-348, Kraków, Poland
| | - Adam M Wojciechowski
- Marian Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, 30-348, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Zenon Rajfur
- Marian Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, 30-348, Kraków, Poland.
- Jagiellonian Center of Biomedical Imaging, Jagiellonian University, 30-348, Kraków, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Majer J, Kindermann M, Pinkas D, Chvatil D, Cigler P, Libusova L. Cellular uptake and fate of cationic polymer-coated nanodiamonds delivering siRNA: a mechanistic study. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:2490-2503. [PMID: 38197438 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr05738k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Gene silencing using small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) is a selective and promising approach for treatment of numerous diseases. However, broad applications of siRNAs are compromised by their low stability in a biological environment and limited ability to penetrate cells. Nanodiamonds (NDs) coated with cationic polymers can enable cellular delivery of siRNAs. Recently, we developed a new type of ND coating based on a random copolymer consisting of (2-dimethylaminoethyl) methacrylate (DMAEMA) and N-(2-hydroxypropyl) methacrylamide (HPMA) monomers. These hybrid ND-polymer particles (Cop+-FND) provide near-infrared fluorescence, form stable complexes with siRNA in serum, show low toxicity, and effectively deliver siRNA into cells in vitro and in vivo. Here, we present data on the mechanism of cellular uptake and cell trafficking of Cop+-FND : siRNA complexes and their ability to selectively suppress mRNA levels, as well as their cytotoxicity, viability and colloidal stability. We identified clathrin-mediated endocytosis as the predominant entry mechanism for Cop+-FND : siRNA into U-2 OS human bone osteosarcoma cells, with a substantial fraction of Cop+-FND : siRNA following the lysosome pathway. Cop+-FND : siRNA potently inhibited the target GAPDH gene with negligible toxicity and sufficient colloidal stability. Based on our results, we suggest that Cop+-FND : siRNA can serve as a suitable in vivo delivery system for siRNA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Majer
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Vinicna 7, Prague 2, 128 00, Czechia.
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the CAS, Flemingovo namesti 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czechia.
| | - Marek Kindermann
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the CAS, Flemingovo namesti 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czechia.
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technicka 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czechia
| | - Dominik Pinkas
- Electron Microscopy Core Facility of the Microscopy Centre, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the CAS, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czechia
| | - David Chvatil
- Nuclear Physics Institute of the CAS, 250 68 Husinec-Rez 130, Czechia
| | - Petr Cigler
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the CAS, Flemingovo namesti 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czechia.
| | - Lenka Libusova
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Vinicna 7, Prague 2, 128 00, Czechia.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Segawa TF, Igarashi R. Nanoscale quantum sensing with Nitrogen-Vacancy centers in nanodiamonds - A magnetic resonance perspective. PROGRESS IN NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY 2023; 134-135:20-38. [PMID: 37321756 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnmrs.2022.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Nanodiamonds containing fluorescent Nitrogen-Vacancy (NV) centers are the smallest single particles, of which a magnetic resonance spectrum can be recorded at room temperature using optically-detected magnetic resonance (ODMR). By recording spectral shift or changes in relaxation rates, various physical and chemical quantities can be measured such as the magnetic field, orientation, temperature, radical concentration, pH or even NMR. This turns NV-nanodiamonds into nanoscale quantum sensors, which can be read out by a sensitive fluorescence microscope equipped with an additional magnetic resonance upgrade. In this review, we introduce the field of ODMR spectroscopy of NV-nanodiamonds and how it can be used to sense different quantities. Thereby we highlight both, the pioneering contributions and the latest results (covered until 2021) with a focus on biological applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takuya F Segawa
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland; Laboratory for Solid State Physics, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Ryuji Igarashi
- Institute for Quantum Life Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, 4-9-1, Anagawa, Inage-Ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan; Takasaki Advanced Radiation Research Institute, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, 1233 Watanuki, Takasaki, Gunma 370-1292, Japan; JST, PRESTO, Kawaguchi, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Schneider L, Kalt M, Koch S, Sithamparanathan S, Villiger V, Mattiat J, Kradolfer F, Slyshkina E, Luber S, Bonmarin M, Maake C, Spingler B. BODIPY-Based Photothermal Agents with Excellent Phototoxic Indices for Cancer Treatment. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:4534-4544. [PMID: 36780327 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c11650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
Here, we report six novel, easily accessible BODIPY-based agents for cancer treatment. In contrast to established photodynamic therapy (PDT) agents, these BODIPY-based compounds show additional photothermal activity and their cytotoxicity is not dependent on the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The agents show high photocytotoxicity upon irradiation with light and low dark toxicity in different cancer cell lines in 2D culture as well as in 3D multicellular tumor spheroids (MCTSs). The ratio of dark to light toxicity (phototoxic index, PI) of these agents reaches striking values exceeding 830,000 after irradiation with energetically low doses of light at 630 nm. The oxygen-dependent mechanism of action (MOA) of established photosensitizers (PSs) hampers effective clinical deployment of these agents. Under hypoxic conditions (0.2% O2), which are known to limit the efficiency of conventional PSs in solid tumors, photocytotoxicity was induced at the same concentration levels, indicating an oxygen-independent photothermal MOA. With a PI exceeding 360,000 under hypoxic conditions, both PI values are the highest reported to date. We anticipate that small molecule agents with a photothermal MOA, such as the BODIPY-based compounds reported in this work, may overcome this barrier and provide a new avenue to cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Schneider
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Martina Kalt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland.,Institute of Anatomy, University of Zurich, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Samuel Koch
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Veronika Villiger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Johann Mattiat
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Flavia Kradolfer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Sandra Luber
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mathias Bonmarin
- School of Engineering, Zurich University of Applied Sciences, CH-8400 Winterthur, Switzerland
| | - Caroline Maake
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Zurich, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Bernhard Spingler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Wu K, Nie L, Nusantara AC, Woudstra W, Vedelaar T, Sigaeva A, Schirhagl R. Diamond Relaxometry as a Tool to Investigate the Free Radical Dialogue between Macrophages and Bacteria. ACS NANO 2023; 17:1100-1111. [PMID: 36630151 PMCID: PMC9878971 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c08190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Although free radicals, which are generated by macrophages play a key role in antimicrobial activities, macrophages sometimes fail to kill Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) as bacteria have evolved mechanisms to withstand oxidative stress. In the past decades, several ROS-related staphylococcal proteins and enzymes were characterized to explain the microorganism's antioxidative defense system. Yet, time-resolved and site-specific free radical/ROS detection in bacterial infection were full of challenges. In this work, we utilize diamond-based quantum sensing for studying alterations of the free radical response near S. aureus in macrophages. To achieve this goal we used S. aureus-fluorescent nanodiamond conjugates and measured the spin-lattice relaxation (T1) of NV defects embedded in nanodiamonds. We observed an increase of intracellular free radical generation when macrophages were challenged with S. aureus. However, under a high intracellular oxidative stress environment elicited by lipopolysaccharides, a lower radical load was recorded on the bacteria surfaces. Moreover, by performing T1 measurements on the same particles at different times postinfection, we found that radicals were dominantly scavenged by S. aureus from 80 min postinfection under a high intracellular oxidative stress environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaiqi Wu
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, University of
Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Linyan Nie
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, University of
Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Anggrek C. Nusantara
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, University of
Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Willem Woudstra
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, University of
Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Thea Vedelaar
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, University of
Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Alina Sigaeva
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, University of
Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Romana Schirhagl
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, University of
Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Interaction between Nanoparticles, Membranes and Proteins: A Surface Plasmon Resonance Study. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010591. [PMID: 36614033 PMCID: PMC9820549 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Regardless of the promising use of nanoparticles (NPs) in biomedical applications, several toxic effects have increased the concerns about the safety of these nanomaterials. Although the pathways for NPs toxicity are diverse and dependent upon many parameters such as the nature of the nanoparticle and the biochemical environment, numerous studies have provided evidence that direct contact between NPs and biomolecules or cell membranes leads to cell inactivation or damage and may be a primary mechanism for cytotoxicity. In such a context, this work focused on developing a fast and accurate method to characterize the interaction between NPs, proteins and lipidic membranes by surface plasmon resonance imaging (SPRi) technique. The interaction of gold NPs with mimetic membranes was evaluated by monitoring the variation of reflectivity after several consecutive gold NPs injections on the lipidic membranes prepared on the SPRi biochip. The interaction on the membranes with varied lipidic composition was compared regarding the total surface concentration density of gold NPs adsorbed on them. Then, the interaction of gold and silver NPs with blood proteins was analyzed regarding their kinetic profile of the association/dissociation and dissociation constants (koff). The surface concentration density on the membrane composed of 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-glycero-3-phosphocholine and cholesterol (POPC/cholesterol) was 2.5 times higher than the value found after the injections of gold NPs on POPC only or with dimethyldioctadecylammonium (POPC/DDAB). Regarding the proteins, gold NPs showed preferential binding to fibrinogen resulting in a value of the variation of reflectivity that was 8 times higher than the value found for the other proteins. Differently, silver NPs showed similar interaction on all the tested proteins but with a variation of reflectivity on immunoglobulin G (IgG) 2 times higher than the value found for the other tested proteins.
Collapse
|
9
|
Mayerhoefer E, Krueger A. Surface Control of Nanodiamond: From Homogeneous Termination to Complex Functional Architectures for Biomedical Applications. Acc Chem Res 2022; 55:3594-3604. [PMID: 36445945 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.2c00596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Interest in nanodiamond (ND) has been spurred by its unique properties such as high biocompatibility, versatile surface chemistry, and the possibility to apply it as drug delivery agent, cross-linker, or coating and for sensing applications when luminescent lattice defects such as the NV centers are present in the crystal lattice. Currently, nanodiamond has been used for targeted drug delivery, phototherapeutic applications, and sensing and imaging in cellular environments and in vitro. Furthermore, suitably functionalized nanodiamond is a promising material for tissue engineering applications. However, the application of nanodiamond has long been hampered by a number of obstacles and challenges met with commercially available nanodiamonds of different origins. A major issue is related to the strong agglomeration of the individual particles resulting in covalently linked aggregates with larger sizes and a broad size distribution. Furthermore, the surface termination of typical nanodiamond particles tends to be rather inhomogeneous, containing a multitude of different functional groups. The retention of functionality of immobilized moieties for bioapplications is often not known. And finally, the surface of nanodiamond possesses a strong propensity for nonspecific interaction, especially proteins from serum, cell fluids, or the culture media used for the incubation of cells with nanodiamond. The resulting protein corona influences the possibility to access functional moieties on the diamond surface and leads to a reduced reproducibility of observations in physiological environments and a limited attribution of effects to the presence of the functional moieties on the diamond surface. In this Account, we describe our efforts to address these challenges using multiple strategies mainly for the example of detonation nanodiamond (DND). First, a homogeneous size distribution of the nanoparticles and an initial surface termination with a unique type of atoms or groups can be achieved using mechanochemical methods and treatments with different reagents in both solution and gas phases. Reactions in liquid media typically lead to more uniform results as the entire surface of the particles becomes equally accessible. We have then worked on the development of different covalent linker strategies to accommodate the grafting needs of different functional moieties and thus to enable the production of orthogonally functionalized ND particles, which can be modified with multiple moieties in a controlled fashion. The noncovalent immobilization of functional units is equally useful as it permits the conservation of functionality for sensitive proteins, which denature upon covalent immobilization. In summary, our work aims to gain full control over the surface properties of diamond nanoparticles and to develop a toolbox of chemical methods to provide functionalized and tailored nanodiamond for a plethora of biomedical applications. Further research in the field of diamond functionalization will cover also the transfer of already existing methods to other types of diamond surfaces, the production of stoichiometrically functionalized particles, the covalent and dynamic self-assembly of nanodiamond particles, and the continuing development of suitable characterization techniques.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Anke Krueger
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Stuttgart, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Qureshi SA, Hsiao WWW, Hussain L, Aman H, Le TN, Rafique M. Recent Development of Fluorescent Nanodiamonds for Optical Biosensing and Disease Diagnosis. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12121181. [PMID: 36551148 PMCID: PMC9775945 DOI: 10.3390/bios12121181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The ability to precisely monitor the intracellular temperature directly contributes to the essential understanding of biological metabolism, intracellular signaling, thermogenesis, and respiration. The intracellular heat generation and its measurement can also assist in the prediction of the pathogenesis of chronic diseases. However, intracellular thermometry without altering the biochemical reactions and cellular membrane damage is challenging, requiring appropriately biocompatible, nontoxic, and efficient biosensors. Bright, photostable, and functionalized fluorescent nanodiamonds (FNDs) have emerged as excellent probes for intracellular thermometry and magnetometry with the spatial resolution on a nanometer scale. The temperature and magnetic field-dependent luminescence of naturally occurring defects in diamonds are key to high-sensitivity biosensing applications. Alterations in the surface chemistry of FNDs and conjugation with polymer, metallic, and magnetic nanoparticles have opened vast possibilities for drug delivery, diagnosis, nanomedicine, and magnetic hyperthermia. This study covers some recently reported research focusing on intracellular thermometry, magnetic sensing, and emerging applications of artificial intelligence (AI) in biomedical imaging. We extend the application of FNDs as biosensors toward disease diagnosis by using intracellular, stationary, and time-dependent information. Furthermore, the potential of machine learning (ML) and AI algorithms for developing biosensors can revolutionize any future outbreak.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shahzad Ahmad Qureshi
- Department of Computer and Information Sciences, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), Islamabad 45650, Pakistan
| | - Wesley Wei-Wen Hsiao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Lal Hussain
- Department of Computer Science and Information Technology, King Abdullah Campus Chatter Kalas, University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Muzaffarabad 13100, Pakistan
- Department of Computer Science and Information Technology, Neelum Campus, University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Athmuqam 13230, Pakistan
| | - Haroon Aman
- School of Mathematics and Physics, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
- National Institute of Lasers and Optronics College, PIEAS, Islamabad 45650, Pakistan
| | - Trong-Nghia Le
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Muhammad Rafique
- Department of Physics, King Abdullah Campus Chatter Kalas, University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Muzaffarabad 13100, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Fluorescent nanodiamond for nanotheranostic applications. Mikrochim Acta 2022; 189:447. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-022-05545-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
12
|
Sharmin R, Nusantara AC, Nie L, Wu K, Elias Llumbet A, Woudstra W, Mzyk A, Schirhagl R. Intracellular Quantum Sensing of Free-Radical Generation Induced by Acetaminophen (APAP) in the Cytosol, in Mitochondria and the Nucleus of Macrophages. ACS Sens 2022; 7:3326-3334. [PMID: 36354956 PMCID: PMC9706807 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.2c01272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Acetaminophen overdoses cause cell injury in the liver. It is widely accepted that liver toxicity is initiated by the reactive N-acetyl-para-aminophenol (APAP) metabolite N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine (NAPQI), which first depletes glutathione and then irreversibly binds to mitochondrial proteins and nuclear DNA. As a consequence, mitochondrial respiration is inhibited, and DNA strands break. NAPQI also promotes the oxidative stress since glutathione is one of the main free-radical scavengers in the cell. However, so far it is unknown where exactly free radicals are generated. In this study, we used relaxometry, a novel technique that allows nanoscale magnetic resonance imaging detection of free radicals. The method is based on fluorescent nanodiamonds, which change their optical properties based on their magnetic surrounding. To achieve subcellular resolution, these nanodiamonds were targeted to cellular locations, that is, the cytoplasm, mitochondria, and the nucleus. Since relaxometry is sensitive to spin noise from radicals, we were able to measure the radical load in these different organelles. For the first time, we measured APAP-induced free-radical production in an organelle-specific manner, which helps predict and better understand cellular toxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rokshana Sharmin
- University
Medical Center Groningen, Department Biomedical Engineering, Groningen University, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Anggrek C. Nusantara
- University
Medical Center Groningen, Department Biomedical Engineering, Groningen University, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Linyan Nie
- University
Medical Center Groningen, Department Biomedical Engineering, Groningen University, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Kaiqi Wu
- University
Medical Center Groningen, Department Biomedical Engineering, Groningen University, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Arturo Elias Llumbet
- University
Medical Center Groningen, Department Biomedical Engineering, Groningen University, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands,Laboratory
of Genomic of Germ Cells, Biomedical Sciences Institute, Faculty of
Medicine, University of Chile, Independencia, 1027 Independencia Santiago, Chile
| | - Willem Woudstra
- University
Medical Center Groningen, Department Biomedical Engineering, Groningen University, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Aldona Mzyk
- University
Medical Center Groningen, Department Biomedical Engineering, Groningen University, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands,Institute
of Metallurgy and Materials Science, Polish
Academy of Sciences, Reymonta 25, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
| | - Romana Schirhagl
- University
Medical Center Groningen, Department Biomedical Engineering, Groningen University, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands,
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Sigaeva A, Shirzad H, Martinez FP, Nusantara AC, Mougios N, Chipaux M, Schirhagl R. Diamond-Based Nanoscale Quantum Relaxometry for Sensing Free Radical Production in Cells. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2105750. [PMID: 36169083 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202105750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Diamond magnetometry makes use of fluorescent defects in diamonds to convert magnetic resonance signals into fluorescence. Because optical photons can be detected much more sensitively, this technique currently holds several sensitivity world records for room temperature magnetic measurements. It is orders of magnitude more sensitive than conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for detecting magnetic resonances. Here, the use of diamond magnetometry to detect free radical production in single living cells with nanometer resolution is experimentally demonstrated. This measuring system is first optimized and calibrated with chemicals at known concentrations. These measurements serve as benchmarks for future experiments. While conventional MRI typically has millimeter resolution, measurements are performed on individual cells to detect nitric oxide signaling at the nanoscale, within 10-20 nm from the internalized particles localized with a diffraction limited optical resolution. This level of detail is inaccessible to the state-of-the-art techniques. Nitric oxide is detected and the dynamics of its production and inhibition in the intra- and extracellular environment are followed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alina Sigaeva
- Groningen University, University Medical Center Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, Groningen, 9713AW, The Netherlands
| | - Hoda Shirzad
- Institute of Physics, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Felipe Perona Martinez
- Groningen University, University Medical Center Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, Groningen, 9713AW, The Netherlands
| | - Anggrek Citra Nusantara
- Groningen University, University Medical Center Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, Groningen, 9713AW, The Netherlands
| | - Nikos Mougios
- Groningen University, University Medical Center Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, Groningen, 9713AW, The Netherlands
| | - Mayeul Chipaux
- Groningen University, University Medical Center Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, Groningen, 9713AW, The Netherlands
- Institute of Physics, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Romana Schirhagl
- Groningen University, University Medical Center Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, Groningen, 9713AW, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Augustyniak M, Babczyńska A, Dziewięcka M, Flasz B, Karpeta-Kaczmarek J, Kędziorski A, Mazur B, Rozpędek K, Seyed Alian R, Skowronek M, Świerczek E, Świętek A, Tarnawska M, Wiśniewska K, Ziętara P. Does age pay off? Effects of three-generational experiments of nanodiamond exposure and withdrawal in wild and longevity-selected model animals. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 303:135129. [PMID: 35636606 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Nanodiamonds (NDs) are considered a material with low toxicity. However, no studies describe the effects of ND withdrawal after multigenerational exposure. The aim was to evaluate ND exposure (in the 1st and 2nd generations) effects at low concentrations (0.2 or 2 mg kg-1) and withdrawal (in the 3rd generation) in the wild (H) and longevity-selected (D) model insect Acheta domesticus. We measured selected oxidative stress parameters, immunity, types of cell death, and DNA damage. Most of the results obtained in the 1st generation, e.g., catalase (CAT), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), heat shock proteins (HSP70), defensins, or apoptosis level, confirmed no significant toxicity of low doses of NDs. Interestingly, strain-specific differences were observed. D-strain crickets reduced autophagy, the number of ROS+ cells, and DNA damage. The effect can be a symptom of mobilization of the organism and stimulation of physiological defense mechanisms in long-living organisms. The 2nd-generation D-strain insects fed ND-spiked food at higher concentrations manifested a reduction in CAT, TAC, early apoptosis, and DNA damage, together with an increase in HSP70 and defensins. ROS+ cells and cells with reduced membrane potential and autophagy did not differ significantly from the control. H-strain insects revealed a higher number of ROS+ cells and cells with reduced membrane potential, decreased CAT activity, and early apoptosis. Elimination of NDs from the diet in the 3rd generation did not cause full recovery of the measured parameters. We noticed an increase in the concentration of HSP70 and defensins (H-strain) and a decrease in apoptosis (D-strain). However, the most visible increase was a significant increase in DNA damage, especially in H-strain individuals. The results suggest prolonged adverse effects of NDs on cellular functions, reaching beyond "contact time" with these particles. Unintentional and/or uncontrolled ND pollution of the environment poses a new challenge for all organisms inhabiting it, particularly during multigenerational exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Augustyniak
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, Bankowa 9, 40-007, Katowice, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Babczyńska
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, Bankowa 9, 40-007, Katowice, Poland
| | - Marta Dziewięcka
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, Bankowa 9, 40-007, Katowice, Poland
| | - Barbara Flasz
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, Bankowa 9, 40-007, Katowice, Poland
| | - Julia Karpeta-Kaczmarek
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, Bankowa 9, 40-007, Katowice, Poland
| | - Andrzej Kędziorski
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, Bankowa 9, 40-007, Katowice, Poland
| | - Beata Mazur
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, Bankowa 9, 40-007, Katowice, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Rozpędek
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, Bankowa 9, 40-007, Katowice, Poland
| | - Reyhaneh Seyed Alian
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, Bankowa 9, 40-007, Katowice, Poland
| | - Magdalena Skowronek
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, Bankowa 9, 40-007, Katowice, Poland
| | - Ewa Świerczek
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, Bankowa 9, 40-007, Katowice, Poland
| | - Agata Świętek
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, Bankowa 9, 40-007, Katowice, Poland
| | - Monika Tarnawska
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, Bankowa 9, 40-007, Katowice, Poland
| | - Klaudia Wiśniewska
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, Bankowa 9, 40-007, Katowice, Poland
| | - Patrycja Ziętara
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, Bankowa 9, 40-007, Katowice, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Mzyk A, Ong Y, Ortiz Moreno AR, Padamati SK, Zhang Y, Reyes-San-Martin CA, Schirhagl R. Diamond Color Centers in Diamonds for Chemical and Biochemical Analysis and Visualization. Anal Chem 2022; 94:225-249. [PMID: 34841868 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c04536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Aldona Mzyk
- University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen University, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AW Groningen, The Netherlands
- Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science, Polish Academy of Sciences, Reymonta 25, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
| | - Yori Ong
- University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen University, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AW Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ari R Ortiz Moreno
- University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen University, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AW Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sandeep K Padamati
- University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen University, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AW Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Yue Zhang
- University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen University, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AW Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Claudia A Reyes-San-Martin
- University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen University, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AW Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Romana Schirhagl
- University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen University, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AW Groningen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Zhang Y, Sharmin R, Sigaeva A, Klijn CWM, Mzyk A, Schirhagl R. Not all cells are created equal - endosomal escape in fluorescent nanodiamonds in different cells. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:13294-13300. [PMID: 34477735 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr02503a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Successful delivery of fluorescent nanodiamonds (FNDs) into the cytoplasm is essential to many biological applications. Other applications require FNDs to stay within the endosomes. The diversity of cellular uptake of FNDs and following endosomal escape are less explored. In this article, we quantify particle uptake at a single cell level. We report that FNDs enter into the cells gradually. The number of internalized FNDs per cell differs significantly for the cell lines we investigated at the same incubation time. In HeLa cells we do not see any significant endosomal escape. We also found a wide distribution of FND endosomal escape efficiency within the same cell type. However, compared with HeLa cells, FNDs in HUVECs can easily escape from the endosomes and less than 25% FNDs remained in the vesicles after 4 h incubation time. We believe this work can bring more attention to the diversity of the cells and provide potential guidelines for future studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhang
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AW Groningen, Netherlands.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Du BW, Tien LT, Lin CC, Ko FH. Use of curcumin-modified diamond nanoparticles in cellular imaging and the distinct ratiometric detection of Mg 2+/Mn 2+ ions. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2021; 3:4459-4470. [PMID: 36133469 PMCID: PMC9419351 DOI: 10.1039/d1na00298h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
An intrinsically luminescent curcumin-modified nanodiamond derivative (ND-Cur) has been synthesized as an effective probe for cell imaging and sensory applications. DLS data allowed the particle size of ND-Cur to be estimated (170.6 ± 46.8 nm) and the zeta potential to be determined. The photoluminescence signal of ND-Cur was observed at 536 nm, with diverse intensities at excitation wavelengths of 350 to 450 nm, producing yellow emission with a quantum yield (Φ) of 0.06. Notably, the results of the MTT assay and cell imaging experiments showed the low toxicity and biocompatibility of ND-Cur. Subsequently, investigations of the selectivity towards Mg2+ and Mn2+ ions were performed by measuring intense fluorescence peak shifts and "Turn-off" responses, respectively. In the presence of Mg2+, the fluorescence peak (536 nm) was shifted and then displayed two diverse peaks at 498 and 476 nm. On the other hand, for Mn2+ ions, ND-Cur revealed a fluorescence-quenching response at 536 nm. Fluorescence studies indicated that the nanomolar level detection limits (LODs) of Mg2+ and Mn2+ ions were approximately 423 and 367 nM, respectively. The sensing mechanism, ratiometric changes and binding site were established through PL, FTIR, Raman, SEM, TEM, DLS and zeta potential analyses. Furthermore, the effective determination of Mg2+ and Mn2+ ions by ND-Cur has been validated through cell imaging experiments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Wei Du
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Chiao Tung University Hsinchu 30010 Taiwan Republic of China
| | - Le Trong Tien
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Chiao Tung University Hsinchu 30010 Taiwan Republic of China
| | - Ching-Chang Lin
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology (RCAST), The University of Tokyo Japan
| | - Fu-Hsiang Ko
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Chiao Tung University Hsinchu 30010 Taiwan Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Nie L, Zhang Y, Li L, van Rijn P, Schirhagl R. pH Sensitive Dextran Coated Fluorescent Nanodiamonds as a Biomarker for HeLa Cells Endocytic Pathway and Increased Cellular Uptake. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:1837. [PMID: 34361223 PMCID: PMC8308332 DOI: 10.3390/nano11071837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Fluorescent nanodiamonds are a useful for biosensing of intracellular signaling networks or environmental changes (such as temperature, pH or free radical generation). HeLa cells are interesting to study with these nanodiamonds since they are a model cell system that is widely used to study cancer-related diseases. However, they only internalize low numbers of nanodiamond particles very slowly via the endocytosis pathway. In this work, we show that pH-sensitive, dextran-coated fluorescent nanodiamonds can be used to visualise this pathway. Additionally, this coating improved diamond uptake in HeLa cells by 5.3 times (*** p < 0.0001) and decreased the required time for uptake to only 30 min. We demonstrated further that nanodiamonds enter HeLa cells via endolysosomes and are eventually expelled by cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Romana Schirhagl
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands; (L.N.); (Y.Z.); (L.L.); (P.v.R.)
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Mitev DP, Alsharabasy AM, Morrison L, Wittig S, Diener C, Pandit A. Plasma & Microwaves as Greener Options for Nanodiamond Purification: Insight Into Cytocompatibility. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:637587. [PMID: 34277579 PMCID: PMC8278578 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.637587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The potential biomedical applications of nanodiamond have been considered over the last few decades. However, there is still uncertainty regarding the extent to which the surface characteristics of this material can influence potential applications. The present study investigated the effects of surface characteristics alongside the prospective of improving nanodiamond production using cold plasma and microwave technologies for the surface tailoring of the nanocarbons. Numerous approaches were applied to purify, refine and modify a group of nanosized diamonds at each step of their production cycle: from the detonation soot as the initial raw material to already certified samples. The degree of surface changes were deliberately performed slowly and kept at different non-diamond carbon presence stages, non-carbon elemental content, and amount converted superficial moieties. In total, 21 treatment procedures and 35 types of nanosize diamond products were investigated. In addition cultures of human fibroblast cells showed enhanced viability in the presence of many of the processed nanodiamonds, indicating the potential for dermal applications of these remarkable nanomaterials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dimitar P Mitev
- CÚRAM, SFI Research Centre for Medical Devices, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Amir M Alsharabasy
- CÚRAM, SFI Research Centre for Medical Devices, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Liam Morrison
- Earth and Ocean Sciences and Ryan Institute, School of Natural Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | | | | | - Abhay Pandit
- CÚRAM, SFI Research Centre for Medical Devices, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Zhang T, Pramanik G, Zhang K, Gulka M, Wang L, Jing J, Xu F, Li Z, Wei Q, Cigler P, Chu Z. Toward Quantitative Bio-sensing with Nitrogen-Vacancy Center in Diamond. ACS Sens 2021; 6:2077-2107. [PMID: 34038091 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.1c00415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The long-dreamed-of capability of monitoring the molecular machinery in living systems has not been realized yet, mainly due to the technical limitations of current sensing technologies. However, recently emerging quantum sensors are showing great promise for molecular detection and imaging. One of such sensing qubits is the nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center, a photoluminescent impurity in a diamond lattice with unique room-temperature optical and spin properties. This atomic-sized quantum emitter has the ability to quantitatively measure nanoscale electromagnetic fields via optical means at ambient conditions. Moreover, the unlimited photostability of NV centers, combined with the excellent diamond biocompatibility and the possibility of diamond nanoparticles internalization into the living cells, makes NV-based sensors one of the most promising and versatile platforms for various life-science applications. In this review, we will summarize the latest developments of NV-based quantum sensing with a focus on biomedical applications, including measurements of magnetic biomaterials, intracellular temperature, localized physiological species, action potentials, and electronic and nuclear spins. We will also outline the main unresolved challenges and provide future perspectives of many promising aspects of NV-based bio-sensing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tongtong Zhang
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Goutam Pramanik
- UGC DAE Consortium for Scientific Research, Kolkata Centre, Sector III, LB-8, Bidhan Nagar, Kolkata 700106, India
| | - Kai Zhang
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Michal Gulka
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, 166 10 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lingzhi Wang
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jixiang Jing
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Feng Xu
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zifu Li
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medical, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074 Wuhan, China
| | - Qiang Wei
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials and Engineering, Sichuan University, 610065 Chengdu, China
| | - Petr Cigler
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, 166 10 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Zhiqin Chu
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Joint Appointment with School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Claveau S, Kindermann M, Papine A, Díaz-Riascos ZV, Délen X, Georges P, López-Alemany R, Tirado ÒM, Bertrand JR, Abasolo I, Cigler P, Treussart F. Harnessing subcellular-resolved organ distribution of cationic copolymer-functionalized fluorescent nanodiamonds for optimal delivery of active siRNA to a xenografted tumor in mice. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:9280-9292. [PMID: 33982741 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr00146a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Diamond nanoparticles (nanodiamonds) can transport active drugs in cultured cells as well as in vivo. However, in the latter case, methods allowing the determination of their bioavailability accurately are still lacking. A nanodiamond can be made fluorescent with a perfectly stable emission and a lifetime ten times longer than that of tissue autofluorescence. Taking advantage of these properties, we present an automated quantification method of fluorescent nanodiamonds (FND) in histological sections of mouse organs and tumors, after systemic injection. We use a home-made time-delayed fluorescence microscope comprising a custom pulsed laser source synchronized on the master clock of a gated intensified array detector. This setup allows ultra-high-resolution images (120 Mpixels in size) of whole mouse organ sections to be obtained, with subcellular resolution and single-particle sensitivity. As a proof-of-principle experiment, we quantified the biodistribution and aggregation state of new cationic FNDs capable of transporting small interfering RNA inhibiting the oncogene responsible for Ewing sarcoma. Image analysis showed a low yield of nanodiamonds in the tumor after intravenous injection. Thus, for the in vivo efficacy assay, we injected the nanomedicine into the tumor. We achieved a 28-fold inhibition of the oncogene. This method can readily be applied to other nanoemitters with ≈100 ns lifetime.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Claveau
- Université Paris-Saclay, ENS Paris-Saclay, CNRS, CentraleSupélec, LuMIn, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France. and Université Paris-Saclay, Institut Gustave Roussy, CNRS, Metabolic and Systemic Aspects of Oncogenesis (METSY), 94805 Villejuif, France
| | - Marek Kindermann
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 166 10 Prague, Czech Republic and Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | - Zamira V Díaz-Riascos
- Drug Delivery & Targeting, Functional Validation & Preclinical Research (FVPR), CIBBIM-Nanomedicine, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08035 Barcelona, Spain and Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavier Délen
- Université Paris-Saclay, Institut d'Optique Graduate School, CNRS, Laboratoire Charles Fabry, 91127 Palaiseau, France
| | - Patrick Georges
- Université Paris-Saclay, Institut d'Optique Graduate School, CNRS, Laboratoire Charles Fabry, 91127 Palaiseau, France
| | - Roser López-Alemany
- Sarcoma Research Group, Oncobell Program, CIBERONC, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), 08908 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Òscar Martínez Tirado
- Sarcoma Research Group, Oncobell Program, CIBERONC, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), 08908 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jean-Rémi Bertrand
- Université Paris-Saclay, Institut Gustave Roussy, CNRS, Metabolic and Systemic Aspects of Oncogenesis (METSY), 94805 Villejuif, France
| | - Ibane Abasolo
- Drug Delivery & Targeting, Functional Validation & Preclinical Research (FVPR), CIBBIM-Nanomedicine, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08035 Barcelona, Spain and Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Petr Cigler
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 166 10 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - François Treussart
- Université Paris-Saclay, ENS Paris-Saclay, CNRS, CentraleSupélec, LuMIn, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Hurtado CR, Hurtado GR, de Cena GL, Queiroz RC, Silva AV, Diniz MF, dos Santos VR, Trava-Airoldi V, Baptista MDS, Tsolekile N, Oluwafemi OS, Conceição K, Tada DB. Diamond Nanoparticles-Porphyrin mTHPP Conjugate as Photosensitizing Platform: Cytotoxicity and Antibacterial Activity. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:1393. [PMID: 34070326 PMCID: PMC8227420 DOI: 10.3390/nano11061393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Conjugation of photosensitizers (PS) with nanoparticles has been largely used as a strategy to stabilize PS in the biological medium resulting in photosensitizing nanoparticles of enhanced photoactivity. Herein, (Meso-5, 10, 15, 20-tetrakis (3-hydroxyphenyl) phorphyryn (mTHPP) was conjugated with diamond nanoparticles (ND) by covalent bond. Nanoconjugate ND-mTHPP showed suitable stability in aqueous suspension with 58 nm of hydrodynamic diameter and Zeta potential of -23 mV. The antibacterial activity of ND-mTHPP was evaluated against Escherichia coli for different incubation times (0-24 h). The optimal activity was observed after 2 h of incubation and irradiation (660 nm; 51 J/cm2) performed right after the addition of ND-mTHPP (100 μg/mL) to the bacterial suspension. The inhibitory activity was 56% whereas ampicillin at the same conditions provided only 14% of bacterial growth inhibition. SEM images showed agglomerate of ND-mTHPP adsorbed on the bacterial cell wall, suggesting that the antimicrobial activity of ND-mTHPP was afforded by inducing membrane damage. Cytotoxicity against murine embryonic fibroblast cells (MEF) was also evaluated and ND-mTHPP was shown to be noncytotoxic since viability of cells cultured for 24 h in the presence of the nanoconjugate (100 μg/mL) was 78%. Considering the enhanced antibacterial activity and the absence of cytotoxic effect, it is possible to consider the ND-mTHPP nanoconjugate as promising platform for application in antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Ramos Hurtado
- Federal Institute of São Paulo (IFSP), São José dos Campos 12223-201, São Paulo, Brazil; (C.R.H.); (R.C.Q.)
- Nanomaterials and Nanotoxicology Laboratory, Institute of Science and Technology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São José dos Campos 12231-280, São Paulo, Brazil
- Peptide Biochemistry Laboratory, Institute of Science and Technology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São José dos Campos 12231-280, São Paulo, Brazil; (G.L.d.C.); (K.C.)
| | - Gabriela Ramos Hurtado
- Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São José dos Campos 12247-004, São Paulo, Brazil;
- Institute of Advanced Sea Studies (IEAMAr), São Paulo State University (UNESP), São José dos Campos 12247-004, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gabrielle Lupeti de Cena
- Peptide Biochemistry Laboratory, Institute of Science and Technology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São José dos Campos 12231-280, São Paulo, Brazil; (G.L.d.C.); (K.C.)
| | - Rafaela Campos Queiroz
- Federal Institute of São Paulo (IFSP), São José dos Campos 12223-201, São Paulo, Brazil; (C.R.H.); (R.C.Q.)
- Nanomaterials and Nanotoxicology Laboratory, Institute of Science and Technology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São José dos Campos 12231-280, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Milton Faria Diniz
- Fundamental Sciences Division, Technological Institute of Aeronautics (ITA), São José dos Campos 12228-900, São Paulo, Brazil;
| | - Verônica Ribeiro dos Santos
- Bioceramics Laboratory, Institute of Science and Technology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São José dos Campos 12231-280, São Paulo, Brazil;
| | - Vladimir Trava-Airoldi
- Sensors and Materials Associated Laboratory, National Institute for Space Research (INPE), São José dos Campos 12227-010, São Paulo, Brazil;
| | - Maurício da Silva Baptista
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo 05508-000, São Paulo, Brazil;
| | - Ncediwe Tsolekile
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 17011, Doornfontein, Johannesburg 2028, South Africa; (N.T.); (O.S.O.)
- Centre for Nanomaterials Science Research, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg 2028, South Africa
| | - Oluwatobi Samuel Oluwafemi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 17011, Doornfontein, Johannesburg 2028, South Africa; (N.T.); (O.S.O.)
- Centre for Nanomaterials Science Research, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg 2028, South Africa
| | - Katia Conceição
- Peptide Biochemistry Laboratory, Institute of Science and Technology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São José dos Campos 12231-280, São Paulo, Brazil; (G.L.d.C.); (K.C.)
| | - Dayane Batista Tada
- Nanomaterials and Nanotoxicology Laboratory, Institute of Science and Technology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São José dos Campos 12231-280, São Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Wu Y, Alam MNA, Balasubramanian P, Winterwerber P, Ermakova A, Müller M, Wagner M, Jelezko F, Raabe M, Weil T. Fluorescent Nanodiamond–Nanogels for Nanoscale Sensing and Photodynamic Applications. ADVANCED NANOBIOMED RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/anbr.202000101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yingke Wu
- Department of Synthesis of Macromolecules Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research Ackermannweg 10 Mainz 55128 Germany
| | - Md Noor A Alam
- Department of Synthesis of Macromolecules Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research Ackermannweg 10 Mainz 55128 Germany
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry I Ulm University Albert-Einstein-Allee 11 Ulm 89081 Germany
| | | | - Pia Winterwerber
- Department of Synthesis of Macromolecules Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research Ackermannweg 10 Mainz 55128 Germany
| | - Anna Ermakova
- Department of Synthesis of Macromolecules Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research Ackermannweg 10 Mainz 55128 Germany
| | - Michael Müller
- Department of Synthesis of Macromolecules Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research Ackermannweg 10 Mainz 55128 Germany
| | - Manfred Wagner
- Department of Synthesis of Macromolecules Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research Ackermannweg 10 Mainz 55128 Germany
| | - Fedor Jelezko
- Institute for Quantum Optics and IQST Ulm University Albert-Einstein-Allee 11 Ulm 89081 Germany
| | - Marco Raabe
- Department of Synthesis of Macromolecules Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research Ackermannweg 10 Mainz 55128 Germany
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry I Ulm University Albert-Einstein-Allee 11 Ulm 89081 Germany
| | - Tanja Weil
- Department of Synthesis of Macromolecules Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research Ackermannweg 10 Mainz 55128 Germany
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry I Ulm University Albert-Einstein-Allee 11 Ulm 89081 Germany
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Hebisch E, Hjort M, Volpati D, Prinz CN. Nanostraw-Assisted Cellular Injection of Fluorescent Nanodiamonds via Direct Membrane Opening. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2006421. [PMID: 33502091 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202006421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Due to their stable fluorescence, biocompatibility, and amenability to functionalization, fluorescent nanodiamonds (FND) are promising materials for long term cell labeling and tracking. However, transporting them to the cytosol remains a major challenge, due to low internalization efficiencies and endosomal entrapment. Here, nanostraws in combination with low voltage electroporation pulses are used to achieve direct delivery of FND to the cytosol. The nanostraw delivery leads to efficient and rapid FND transport into cells compared to when incubating cells in a FND-containing medium. Moreover, whereas all internalized FND delivered by incubation end up in lysosomes, a significantly larger proportion of nanostraw-injected FND are in the cytosol, which opens up for using FND as cellular probes. Furthermore, in order to answer the long-standing question in the field of nano-biology regarding the state of the cell membrane on hollow nanostructures, live cell stimulated emission depletion (STED) microscopy is performed to image directly the state of the membrane on nanostraws. The time-lapse STED images reveal that the cell membrane opens entirely on top of nanostraws upon application of gentle electrical pulses, which supports the hypothesis that many FND are delivered directly to the cytosol, avoiding endocytosis and lysosomal entrapment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elke Hebisch
- Division of Solid State Physics and NanoLund, Lund University, Lund, 221 00, Sweden
| | - Martin Hjort
- Division of Solid State Physics and NanoLund, Lund University, Lund, 221 00, Sweden
- Navan Technologies Inc., 733 Industrial Rd, San Carlos, CA, United States
| | - Diogo Volpati
- Division of Solid State Physics and NanoLund, Lund University, Lund, 221 00, Sweden
| | - Christelle N Prinz
- Division of Solid State Physics and NanoLund, Lund University, Lund, 221 00, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Perona Martínez F, Nusantara AC, Chipaux M, Padamati SK, Schirhagl R. Nanodiamond Relaxometry-Based Detection of Free-Radical Species When Produced in Chemical Reactions in Biologically Relevant Conditions. ACS Sens 2020; 5:3862-3869. [PMID: 33269596 PMCID: PMC8651177 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.0c01037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Diamond
magnetometry is a quantum sensing method involving detection
of magnetic resonances with nanoscale resolution. For instance, T1
relaxation measurements, inspired by equivalent concepts in magnetic
resonance imaging (MRI), provide a signal that is equivalent to T1
in conventional MRI but in a nanoscale environment. We use nanodiamonds
(between 40 and 120 nm) containing ensembles of specific defects called
nitrogen vacancy (NV) centers. To perform a T1 relaxation measurement,
we pump the NV center in the ground state (using a laser at 532 nm)
and observe how long the NV center can remain in this state. Here,
we use this method to provide real-time measurements of free radicals
when they are generated in a chemical reaction. Specifically, we focus
on the photolysis of H2O2 as well as the so-called
Haber–Weiss reaction. Both of these processes are important
reactions in biological environments. Unlike other fluorescent probes,
diamonds are able to determine spin noise from different species in
real time. We also investigate different diamond probes and their
ability to sense gadolinium spin labels. Although this study was performed
in a clean environment, we take into account the effects of salts
and proteins that are present in a biological environment. We conduct
our experiments with nanodiamonds, which are compatible with intracellular
measurements. We perform measurements between 0 and 108 nM, and we are able to reach detection limits down to the nanomolar
range and typically find T1 times of a few 100 μs. This is an
important step toward label-free nano-MRI signal quantification in
biological environments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Perona Martínez
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen University, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AW Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Anggrek Citra Nusantara
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen University, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AW Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Mayeul Chipaux
- Institute of Physics, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sandeep Kumar Padamati
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen University, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AW Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Romana Schirhagl
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen University, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AW Groningen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Coated nanodiamonds interact with tubulin beta-III negative cells of adult brain tissue. Biointerphases 2020; 15:061009. [PMID: 33272020 DOI: 10.1116/6.0000525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluorescent nanodiamonds (NDs) coated with therapeutics and cell-targeting structures serve as effective tools for drug delivery. However, NDs circulating in blood can eventually interact with the blood-brain barrier, resulting in undesired pathology. Here, we aimed to detect interaction between NDs and adult brain tissue. First, we cultured neuronal tissue with ND ex vivo and studied cell prosperity, regeneration, cytokine secretion, and nanodiamond uptake. Then, we applied NDs systemically into C57BL/6 animals and assessed accumulation of nanodiamonds in brain tissue and cytokine response. We found that only non-neuronal cells internalized coated nanodiamonds and responded by excretion of interleukin-6 and interferon-γ. Cells of neuronal origin expressing tubulin beta-III did not internalize any NDs. Once we applied coated NDs intravenously, we found no presence of NDs in the adult cortex but observed transient release of interleukin-1α. We conclude that specialized adult neuronal cells do not internalize plain or coated NDs. However, coated nanodiamonds interact with non-neuronal cells present within the cortex tissue. Moreover, the coated NDs do not cross the blood-brain barrier but they interact with adjacent barrier cells and trigger a temporary cytokine response. This study represents the first report concerning interaction of NDs with adult brain tissue.
Collapse
|
27
|
Douda J, González-Vargas CR, Mota-Díaz II, Basiuk EV, Hernández-Contreras XA, Fuentes-García JA, Bornacelli J, Torres-Torres C. Photoluminescent properties of liposome-encapsulated amine-functionalized nanodiamonds. NANO EXPRESS 2020. [DOI: 10.1088/2632-959x/abc1c5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
In the present work, amine-functionalized nanodiamonds (NDs) have been encapsulated in liposomes and studied in order to observe the modification of their photoluminescence properties. NDs were functionalized with aromatic amines such as 1-aminopyrene and 2-aminofluorene, and the aliphatic amine 1-octadecylamine. Morphology, structural and optical properties of NDs and amine-modified NDs were analyzed by transmission electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and photoluminescence. The amine-functionalized NDs were successfully encapsulated in lecithin liposomes prepared by the green and conventional methods. The obtained results show significant changes in photoluminescent properties of functionalized NDs, and were more potentialized after liposome encapsulation. Our findings could be applied in the development of new kinds of water-dispersible fluorescent hybrids, liposome-NDs, with the capability of drug encapsulation for use in diagnostics and therapy (theragnostic liposomes). All-optical sensors with possibilities for tailoring their response for other biomedical applications can be also contemplated.
Collapse
|
28
|
Morita A, Hamoh T, Sigaeva A, Norouzi N, Nagl A, van der Laan KJ, Evans EPP, Schirhagl R. Targeting Nanodiamonds to the Nucleus in Yeast Cells. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10101962. [PMID: 33023102 PMCID: PMC7601435 DOI: 10.3390/nano10101962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Nanodiamonds are widely used for drug delivery, labelling or nanoscale sensing. For all these applications it is highly beneficial to have control over the intracellular location of the particles. For the first time, we have achieved targeting the nucleus of yeast cells. In terms of particle uptake, these cells are challenging due to their rigid cell wall. Thus, we used a spheroplasting protocol to remove the cell wall prior to uptake. To achieve nuclear targeting we used nanodiamonds, which were attached to antibodies. When using non-targeted particles, only 20% end up at the nucleus. In comparison, by using diamonds linked to antibodies, 70% of the diamond particles reach the nucleus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aryan Morita
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands; (A.M.); (T.H.); (A.S.); (N.N.); (A.N.); (K.J.v.d.L.); (E.P.P.E.)
- Department of Dental Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
| | - Thamir Hamoh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands; (A.M.); (T.H.); (A.S.); (N.N.); (A.N.); (K.J.v.d.L.); (E.P.P.E.)
| | - Alina Sigaeva
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands; (A.M.); (T.H.); (A.S.); (N.N.); (A.N.); (K.J.v.d.L.); (E.P.P.E.)
| | - Neda Norouzi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands; (A.M.); (T.H.); (A.S.); (N.N.); (A.N.); (K.J.v.d.L.); (E.P.P.E.)
| | - Andreas Nagl
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands; (A.M.); (T.H.); (A.S.); (N.N.); (A.N.); (K.J.v.d.L.); (E.P.P.E.)
| | - Kiran J. van der Laan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands; (A.M.); (T.H.); (A.S.); (N.N.); (A.N.); (K.J.v.d.L.); (E.P.P.E.)
| | - Emily P. P. Evans
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands; (A.M.); (T.H.); (A.S.); (N.N.); (A.N.); (K.J.v.d.L.); (E.P.P.E.)
| | - Romana Schirhagl
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands; (A.M.); (T.H.); (A.S.); (N.N.); (A.N.); (K.J.v.d.L.); (E.P.P.E.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Damle VG, Sharmin R, Morita A, Nie L, Schirhagl R. Micro Versus Macro - The Effect of Environmental Confinement on Cellular Nanoparticle Uptake. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:869. [PMID: 32793585 PMCID: PMC7393206 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
While the microenvironment is known to alter the cellular behavior in terms of metabolism, growth and the degree of endoplasmic reticulum stress, its influence on the nanoparticle uptake is not yet investigated. Specifically, it is not clear if the cells cultured in a microenvironment ingest different amounts of nanoparticles than cells cultured in a macroenvironment (for example a petri dish). To answer this question, here we used J774 murine macrophages and fluorescent nanodiamonds (FND) as a model system to systematically compare the uptake efficiency of cells cultured in a petri dish and in a microfluidic channel. Specifically, equal numbers of cells were cultured in two devices followed by the FND incubation. Then cells were fixed, stained and imaged to quantify the FND uptake. We show that the FND uptake in the cells cultured in petri dishes is significantly higher than the uptake in a microfluidic chip where the alteration in CO2 environment, the cell culture medium pH and the surface area to volume ratio seem to be the underlying causes leading to this observed difference.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Viraj G. Damle
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Rokshana Sharmin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Aryan Morita
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
- Department of Dental Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Linyan Nie
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Romana Schirhagl
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Norouzi N, Ong Y, Damle VG, Habibi Najafi MB, Schirhagl R. Effect of medium and aggregation on antibacterial activity of nanodiamonds. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2020; 112:110930. [PMID: 32409078 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.110930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescent nanodiamonds are widely used as abrasives, optical or magnetic labels, in drug delivery or nanoscale sensing. They are considered very biocompatible in mammalian cells. However, in bacteria the situation looks different and results are highly controversial. This article presents a short review of the published literature and a systematic experimental study of different strains, nanoparticle sizes and surface chemistries. Most notably, particle aggregation behaviour and bacterial clumping are taken into consideration to explain reduced colony counts, which can be wrongly interpreted as a bactericidal effect. The experiments show no mechanism can be linked to a specific material property, but prove that aggregation and bacteriostatic effect of nanodiamond attachment play a significant role in the reported results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Neda Norouzi
- University Medical Center Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, the Netherlands; Ferdowsi University Of Mashhad, Department of Food Science and Technology, P.O. Box 91775-1163, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Yori Ong
- University Medical Center Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Viraj G Damle
- University Medical Center Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Mohammad B Habibi Najafi
- Ferdowsi University Of Mashhad, Department of Food Science and Technology, P.O. Box 91775-1163, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Romana Schirhagl
- University Medical Center Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, the Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Delivery of siRNA to Ewing Sarcoma Tumor Xenografted on Mice, Using Hydrogenated Detonation Nanodiamonds: Treatment Efficacy and Tissue Distribution. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10030553. [PMID: 32204428 PMCID: PMC7153391 DOI: 10.3390/nano10030553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Nanodiamonds of detonation origin are promising delivery agents of anti-cancer therapeutic compounds in a whole organism like mouse, owing to their versatile surface chemistry and ultra-small 5 nm average primary size compatible with natural elimination routes. However, to date, little is known about tissue distribution, elimination pathways and efficacy of nanodiamonds-based therapy in mice. In this report, we studied the capacity of cationic hydrogenated detonation nanodiamonds to carry active small interfering RNA (siRNA) in a mice model of Ewing sarcoma, a bone cancer of young adults due in the vast majority to the EWS-FLI1 junction oncogene. Replacing hydrogen gas by its radioactive analog tritium gas led to the formation of labeled nanodiamonds and allowed us to investigate their distribution throughout mouse organs and their excretion in urine and feces. We also demonstrated that siRNA directed against EWS-FLI1 inhibited this oncogene expression in tumor xenografted on mice. This work is a significant step to establish cationic hydrogenated detonation nanodiamond as an effective agent for in vivo delivery of active siRNA.
Collapse
|
32
|
Merz V, Lenhart J, Vonhausen Y, Ortiz-Soto ME, Seibel J, Krueger A. Zwitterion-Functionalized Detonation Nanodiamond with Superior Protein Repulsion and Colloidal Stability in Physiological Media. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2019; 15:e1901551. [PMID: 31207085 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201901551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Nanodiamond (ND) is a versatile and promising material for bioapplications. Despite many efforts, agglomeration of nanodiamond and the nonspecific adsorption of proteins on the ND surface when exposed to biofluids remains a major obstacle for biomedical applications. Here, the functionalization of detonation nanodiamond with zwitterionic moieties in combination with tetraethylene glycol (TEG) moieties immobilized by click chemistry to improve the colloidal dispersion in physiological media with strong ion background and for the simultaneous prevention of nonspecific interactions with proteins is reported. Based on five building blocks, a series of ND conjugates is synthesized and their performance is compared in biofluids, such as fetal bovine serum (FBS) and Dulbecco's modified Eagle medium (DMEM). The adsorption of proteins is investigated via dynamic light scattering (DLS) and thermogravimetric analysis. The colloidal stability is tested with DLS monitoring over prolonged periods of time in various ratios of water/FBS/DMEM and at different pH values. The results show that zwitterions efficiently promote the anti-fouling properties, whereas the TEG linker is essential for the enhanced colloidal stability of the particles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Viktor Merz
- Institute for Organic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians University Würzburg, Würzburg, 97074, Germany
| | - Julian Lenhart
- Institute for Organic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians University Würzburg, Würzburg, 97074, Germany
| | - Yvonne Vonhausen
- Institute for Organic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians University Würzburg, Würzburg, 97074, Germany
| | - Maria E Ortiz-Soto
- Institute for Organic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians University Würzburg, Würzburg, 97074, Germany
| | - Jürgen Seibel
- Institute for Organic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians University Würzburg, Würzburg, 97074, Germany
| | - Anke Krueger
- Institute for Organic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians University Würzburg, Würzburg, 97074, Germany
- Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen Center for Complex Materials Research (RCCM), Julius-Maximilians University Würzburg, Würzburg, 97074, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Sigaeva A, Morita A, Hemelaar SR, Schirhagl R. Nanodiamond uptake in colon cancer cells: the influence of direction and trypsin-EDTA treatment. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:17357-17367. [PMID: 31517372 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr04228h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticles are routinely used in cell biology. They deliver drugs or function as labels or sensors. For many of these applications it is essential that the nanoparticles enter the cells. While some cell types readily ingest all kinds of particles, others just don't. We report that uptake can be enhanced for some cells if the particles are administered from the basolateral side of the cells (in this case from below). Compared to apical uptake (from above), we report an 8-fold increase in the number of fluorescent nanodiamonds internalized by the colon cancer cell line HT29. Up to 96% of the cells treated by a modified protocol contain at least one nanodiamond, whereas in the control group we could observe nanodiamonds in less than half of the cells. We were also able to show that simple treatment of cell clusters with trypsin-EDTA leads to the same enhancement of the nanodiamond uptake as seeding the cells on top of the nanoparticles. Although our study is focused on nanodiamonds in HT29 cells, we believe that this method could also be applicable for other nanoparticles and cells with a specific directionality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alina Sigaeva
- University Medical Center Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Gronigen, The Netherlands.
| | - Aryan Morita
- University Medical Center Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Gronigen, The Netherlands. and Department of Dental Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Gadjah, Mada, Jl Denta 1, 55281 Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Simon R Hemelaar
- University Medical Center Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Gronigen, The Netherlands.
| | - R Schirhagl
- University Medical Center Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Gronigen, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Wilson ER, Parker LM, Orth A, Nunn N, Torelli M, Shenderova O, Gibson BC, Reineck P. The effect of particle size on nanodiamond fluorescence and colloidal properties in biological media. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 30:385704. [PMID: 31181558 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab283d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescent nanodiamonds (FNDs) are extremely photostable markers and nanoscale sensors, which are increasingly used in biomedical applications. Nanoparticle size is a critical parameter in the majority of these applications. Yet, the effect of particle size on FND's fluorescence and colloidal properties is not well understood today. Here, we investigate the fluorescence and colloidal stability of commercially available high-pressure high-temperature FNDs containing nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in biological media. Unconjugated FNDs in sizes ranging between 10 nm and 140 nm with an oxidized surface are studied using dynamic light scattering and fluorescence spectroscopy. We determine their colloidal stability in water, fetal bovine serum, Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium and complete media. The FNDs' relative fluorescence brightness, the NV charge-state, and the FND fluorescence against media autofluorescence are analyzed as a function of FND size. Our results will enable researchers in biology and beyond to identify the most promising FND particle size for their application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emma R Wilson
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics, School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3001, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Harvey S, Raabe M, Ermakova A, Wu Y, Zapata T, Chen C, Lu H, Jelezko F, Ng DYW, Weil T. Transferrin‐Coated Nanodiamond–Drug Conjugates for Milliwatt Photothermal Applications. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/adtp.201900067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sean Harvey
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Germany
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry IUlm University Albert‐Einstein‐Allee 11 89081 Ulm Germany
| | - Marco Raabe
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Germany
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry IUlm University Albert‐Einstein‐Allee 11 89081 Ulm Germany
| | - Anna Ermakova
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Yingke Wu
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Todd Zapata
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Chaojian Chen
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Germany
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry IUlm University Albert‐Einstein‐Allee 11 89081 Ulm Germany
| | - Hao Lu
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Fedor Jelezko
- Institute for Quantum OpticsUlm University Albert‐Einstein‐Allee 11 89081 Ulm Germany
| | - David Y. W. Ng
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Tanja Weil
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Germany
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry IUlm University Albert‐Einstein‐Allee 11 89081 Ulm Germany
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Abstract
Protein analysis of potential disease markers in blood is complicated by the fact that proteins in plasma show very different abundances. As a result, high-abundance proteins dominate the analysis, which often render the analysis of low-abundance proteins impossible. Depleting high-abundance proteins is one strategy to solve this problem. Here, we present, for the first time, a very simple approach based on selective binding of serum proteins to the surface of nanodiamonds. In our first proof-of-principle experiments, we were able to detect, on average, eight proteins that are present at a concentration of 1 ng/mL (instead of 0.5 ng/mL in the control without sample preparation). Remarkably, we detect proteins down to a concentration of 400 pg/mL after only one simple depletion step. Among the proteins we could analyze are also numerous disease biomarkers, including markers for multiple cancer forms, cardiovascular diseases, or Alzheimer's disease. Remarkably, many of the biomarkers we find also could not be detected with a state-of-the-art ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography column (which depletes the 64 most-abundant serum proteins).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Perona Martinez
- Groningen University, University Medical Center Groningen , Antonius Deusinglaan 1 , 9713 AW Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - Andreas Nagl
- Groningen University, University Medical Center Groningen , Antonius Deusinglaan 1 , 9713 AW Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - Sona Guluzade
- Groningen University, University Medical Center Groningen , Antonius Deusinglaan 1 , 9713 AW Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - Romana Schirhagl
- Groningen University, University Medical Center Groningen , Antonius Deusinglaan 1 , 9713 AW Groningen , The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Křivohlavá R, Neuhӧferová E, Jakobsen KQ, Benson V. Knockdown of microRNA-135b in Mammary Carcinoma by Targeted Nanodiamonds: Potentials and Pitfalls of In Vivo Applications. NANOMATERIALS 2019; 9:nano9060866. [PMID: 31181619 PMCID: PMC6632128 DOI: 10.3390/nano9060866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Nanodiamonds (ND) serve as RNA carriers with potential for in vivo application. ND coatings and their administration strategy significantly change their fate, toxicity, and effectivity within a multicellular system. Our goal was to develop multiple ND coating for effective RNA delivery in vivo. Our final complex (NDA135b) consisted of ND, polymer, antisense RNA, and transferrin. We aimed (i) to assess if a tumor-specific coating promotes NDA135b tumor accumulation and effective inhibition of oncogenic microRNA-135b and (ii) to outline off-targets and immune cell interactions. First, we tested NDA135b toxicity and effectivity in tumorospheres co-cultured with immune cells ex vivo. We found NDA135b to target tumor cells, but it binds also to granulocytes. Then, we followed with NDA135b intravenous and intratumoral applications in tumor-bearing animals in vivo. Application of NDA135b in vivo led to the effective knockdown of microRNA-135b in tumor tissue regardless administration. Only intravenous application resulted in NDA135b circulation in peripheral blood and urine and the decreased granularity of splenocytes. Our data show that localized intratumoral application of NDA135b represents a suitable and safe approach for in vivo application of nanodiamond-based constructs. Systemic intravenous application led to an interaction of NDA135b with bio-interface, and needs further examination regarding its safety.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Romana Křivohlavá
- Institute of Microbiology of the CAS, v.v.i., Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic.
| | - Eva Neuhӧferová
- Institute of Microbiology of the CAS, v.v.i., Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic.
| | - Katrine Q Jakobsen
- Institute of Microbiology of the CAS, v.v.i., Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic.
| | - Veronika Benson
- Institute of Microbiology of the CAS, v.v.i., Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Garcia-Bennett AE, Everest-Dass A, Moroni I, Rastogi ID, Parker LM, Packer NH, Brown LJ. Influence of surface chemistry on the formation of a protein corona on nanodiamonds. J Mater Chem B 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9tb00445a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The protein corona of nanodiamonds is dominated by low molecular weight proteins and is largely independent of surface chemistry. The pre-incubation of nanodiamonds in serum and the formation of a protein corona decrease the production of reactive oxygen species, increasing the cell viability of macrophages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alfonso E. Garcia-Bennett
- Department of Molecular Sciences
- Macquarie University
- Sydney
- Australia
- Centre for Nanoscale BioPhotonics
| | - Arun Everest-Dass
- Institute for Glycomics
- Gold Coast Campus
- Griffith University
- Australia
| | - Irene Moroni
- Department of Molecular Sciences
- Macquarie University
- Sydney
- Australia
| | | | - Lindsay M. Parker
- Department of Molecular Sciences
- Macquarie University
- Sydney
- Australia
- Centre for Nanoscale BioPhotonics
| | - Nicolle H. Packer
- Department of Molecular Sciences
- Macquarie University
- Sydney
- Australia
- Centre for Nanoscale BioPhotonics
| | - Louise J. Brown
- Centre for Nanoscale BioPhotonics
- Macquarie University
- Sydney
- Australia
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Ong SY, van Harmelen RJJ, Norouzi N, Offens F, Venema IM, Habibi Najafi MB, Schirhagl R. Interaction of nanodiamonds with bacteria. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:17117-17124. [PMID: 30182122 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr05183f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Nanocarbons come in many forms and among their applications is the engineering of biocompatible and antibacterial materials. Studies have shown that diamond nanoparticles might have the interesting combination of both properties: they are highly biocompatible, while surprisingly reducing bacterial viability or growth at the same time. In this article, we consider for the first time the interaction of milled HPHT nanodiamonds with bacteria. These nanoparticles are capable of hosting nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers, which provide stable fluorescence with potential use in sensing applications. An initial study was performed to assess the interaction of partially oxidized monocrystalline nanodiamonds with Gram positive S. aureus ATCC 12600 and Gram negative E. coli ATCC 8739. It was shown that for S. aureus ATCC 12600, the presence of these nanodiamonds leads to a sharp reduction of colony forming ability under optimal conditions. A different effect was observed on Gram negative E. coli ATCC 8739, where no significant adverse effects of ND presence was observed. The mode of interaction was further studied by electron microscopy and confocal microscopy. The effects of NDs on S. aureus viability were found to depend on many factors, including the concentration and size of nanoparticles, the suspension medium and incubation time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Y Ong
- University Medical Center Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Gronigen, The Netherlands.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Balek L, Buchtova M, Kunova Bosakova M, Varecha M, Foldynova-Trantirkova S, Gudernova I, Vesela I, Havlik J, Neburkova J, Turner S, Krzyscik MA, Zakrzewska M, Klimaschewski L, Claus P, Trantirek L, Cigler P, Krejci P. Nanodiamonds as “artificial proteins”: Regulation of a cell signalling system using low nanomolar solutions of inorganic nanocrystals. Biomaterials 2018; 176:106-121. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Revised: 03/31/2018] [Accepted: 05/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
41
|
Woodhams B, Ansel-Bollepalli L, Surmacki J, Knowles H, Maggini L, de Volder M, Atatüre M, Bohndiek S. Graphitic and oxidised high pressure high temperature (HPHT) nanodiamonds induce differential biological responses in breast cancer cell lines. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:12169-12179. [PMID: 29917033 PMCID: PMC6034157 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr02177e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Nanodiamonds have demonstrated potential as powerful sensors in biomedicine, however, their translation into routine use requires a comprehensive understanding of their effect on the biological system being interrogated. Under normal fabrication processes, nanodiamonds are produced with a graphitic carbon shell, but are often oxidized in order to modify their surface chemistry for targeting to specific cellular compartments. Here, we assessed the biological impact of this purification process, considering cellular proliferation, uptake, and oxidative stress for graphitic and oxidized nanodiamond surfaces. We show for the first time that oxidized nanodiamonds possess improved biocompatibility compared to graphitic nanodiamonds in breast cancer cell lines, with graphitic nanodiamonds inducing higher levels of oxidative stress despite lower uptake.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Woodhams
- Cavendish Laboratory
, Department of Physics
, University of Cambridge
,
JJ Thomson Avenue
, Cambridge
, CB3 0HE
, UK
.
;
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute
, University of Cambridge
, Li Ka Shing Centre
,
Robinson Way
, Cambridge
, CB2 0RE
, UK
| | - Laura Ansel-Bollepalli
- Cavendish Laboratory
, Department of Physics
, University of Cambridge
,
JJ Thomson Avenue
, Cambridge
, CB3 0HE
, UK
.
;
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute
, University of Cambridge
, Li Ka Shing Centre
,
Robinson Way
, Cambridge
, CB2 0RE
, UK
| | - Jakub Surmacki
- Cavendish Laboratory
, Department of Physics
, University of Cambridge
,
JJ Thomson Avenue
, Cambridge
, CB3 0HE
, UK
.
;
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute
, University of Cambridge
, Li Ka Shing Centre
,
Robinson Way
, Cambridge
, CB2 0RE
, UK
| | - Helena Knowles
- Cavendish Laboratory
, Department of Physics
, University of Cambridge
,
JJ Thomson Avenue
, Cambridge
, CB3 0HE
, UK
.
;
| | - Laura Maggini
- Institute for Manufacturing
, Department of Engineering
, University of Cambridge
,
17 Charles Babbage Rd
, Cambridge
, CB3 0FS
, UK
| | - Michael de Volder
- Institute for Manufacturing
, Department of Engineering
, University of Cambridge
,
17 Charles Babbage Rd
, Cambridge
, CB3 0FS
, UK
| | - Mete Atatüre
- Cavendish Laboratory
, Department of Physics
, University of Cambridge
,
JJ Thomson Avenue
, Cambridge
, CB3 0HE
, UK
.
;
| | - Sarah Bohndiek
- Cavendish Laboratory
, Department of Physics
, University of Cambridge
,
JJ Thomson Avenue
, Cambridge
, CB3 0HE
, UK
.
;
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute
, University of Cambridge
, Li Ka Shing Centre
,
Robinson Way
, Cambridge
, CB2 0RE
, UK
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Chipaux M, van der Laan KJ, Hemelaar SR, Hasani M, Zheng T, Schirhagl R. Nanodiamonds and Their Applications in Cells. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2018; 14:e1704263. [PMID: 29573338 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201704263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Revised: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Diamonds owe their fame to a unique set of outstanding properties. They combine a high refractive index, hardness, great stability and inertness, and low electrical but high thermal conductivity. Diamond defects have recently attracted a lot of attention. Given this unique list of properties, it is not surprising that diamond nanoparticles are utilized for numerous applications. Due to their hardness, they are routinely used as abrasives. Their small and uniform size qualifies them as attractive carriers for drug delivery. The stable fluorescence of diamond defects allows their use as stable single photon sources or biolabels. The magnetic properties of the defects make them stable spin qubits in quantum information. This property also allows their use as a sensor for temperature, magnetic fields, electric fields, or strain. This Review focuses on applications in cells. Different diamond materials and the special requirements for the respective applications are discussed. Methods to chemically modify the surface of diamonds and the different hurdles one has to overcome when working with cells, such as entering the cells and biocompatibility, are described. Finally, the recent developments and applications in labeling, sensing, drug delivery, theranostics, antibiotics, and tissue engineering are critically discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mayeul Chipaux
- University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen University, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713, AW, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Kiran J van der Laan
- University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen University, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713, AW, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Simon R Hemelaar
- University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen University, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713, AW, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Masoumeh Hasani
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, 6517838683, Iran
| | - Tingting Zheng
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Drug Addiction and Medication Safety, Department of Ultrasound, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital & Biomedical Research Institute, Shenzhen-PKU-HKUST Medical Center, 518036, Shenzhen, China
| | - Romana Schirhagl
- University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen University, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713, AW, Groningen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Nunn N, d’Amora M, Prabhakar N, Panich AM, Froumin N, Torelli MD, Vlasov I, Reineck P, Gibson B, Rosenholm JM, Giordani S, Shenderova O. Fluorescent single-digit detonation nanodiamond for biomedical applications. Methods Appl Fluoresc 2018; 6:035010. [DOI: 10.1088/2050-6120/aac0c8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
|
44
|
van der Laan K, Hasani M, Zheng T, Schirhagl R. Nanodiamonds for In Vivo Applications. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2018; 14:e1703838. [PMID: 29424097 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201703838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2017] [Revised: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Due to their unique optical properties, diamonds are the most valued gemstones. However, beyond the sparkle, diamonds have a number of unique properties. Their extreme hardness gives them outstanding performance as abrasives and cutting tools. Similar to many materials, their nanometer-sized form has yet other unique properties. Nanodiamonds are very inert but still can be functionalized on the surface. Additionally, they can be made in very small sizes and a narrow size distribution. Nanodiamonds can also host very stable fluorescent defects. Since they are protected in the crystal lattice, they never bleach. These defects can also be utilized for nanoscale sensing since they change their optical properties, for example, based on temperature or magnetic fields in their surroundings. In this Review, in vivo applications are focused upon. To this end, how different diamond materials are made and how this affects their properties are discussed first. Next, in vivo biocompatibility studies are reviewed. Finally, the reader is introduced to in vivo applications of diamonds. These include drug delivery, aiding radiology, labeling, and use in cosmetics. The field is critically reviewed and a perspective on future developments is provided.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- KiranJ van der Laan
- University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen University, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713, AW, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Masoumeh Hasani
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, 6517838683, Iran
| | - Tingting Zheng
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Drug Addiction and Medication Safety, Department of Ultrasound, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital & Biomedical Research Institute, Shenzhen-PKU-HKUST Medical Center, 518036, Shenzhen, China
| | - Romana Schirhagl
- University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen University, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713, AW, Groningen, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Guarina L, Calorio C, Gavello D, Moreva E, Traina P, Battiato A, Ditalia Tchernij S, Forneris J, Gai M, Picollo F, Olivero P, Genovese M, Carbone E, Marcantoni A, Carabelli V. Nanodiamonds-induced effects on neuronal firing of mouse hippocampal microcircuits. Sci Rep 2018; 8:2221. [PMID: 29396456 PMCID: PMC5797106 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-20528-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Fluorescent nanodiamonds (FND) are carbon-based nanomaterials that can efficiently incorporate optically active photoluminescent centers such as the nitrogen-vacancy complex, thus making them promising candidates as optical biolabels and drug-delivery agents. FNDs exhibit bright fluorescence without photobleaching combined with high uptake rate and low cytotoxicity. Focusing on FNDs interference with neuronal function, here we examined their effect on cultured hippocampal neurons, monitoring the whole network development as well as the electrophysiological properties of single neurons. We observed that FNDs drastically decreased the frequency of inhibitory (from 1.81 Hz to 0.86 Hz) and excitatory (from 1.61 to 0.68 Hz) miniature postsynaptic currents, and consistently reduced action potential (AP) firing frequency (by 36%), as measured by microelectrode arrays. On the contrary, bursts synchronization was preserved, as well as the amplitude of spontaneous inhibitory and excitatory events. Current-clamp recordings revealed that the ratio of neurons responding with AP trains of high-frequency (fast-spiking) versus neurons responding with trains of low-frequency (slow-spiking) was unaltered, suggesting that FNDs exerted a comparable action on neuronal subpopulations. At the single cell level, rapid onset of the somatic AP (“kink”) was drastically reduced in FND-treated neurons, suggesting a reduced contribution of axonal and dendritic components while preserving neuronal excitability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Guarina
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, "NIS" inter-departmental centre, University of Torino, Corso Raffaello 30, 10125, Torino, Italy
| | - C Calorio
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, "NIS" inter-departmental centre, University of Torino, Corso Raffaello 30, 10125, Torino, Italy
| | - D Gavello
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, "NIS" inter-departmental centre, University of Torino, Corso Raffaello 30, 10125, Torino, Italy
| | - E Moreva
- Istituto Nazionale Ricerca Metrologica, Strada delle Cacce 91, 10135, Torino, Italy
| | - P Traina
- Istituto Nazionale Ricerca Metrologica, Strada delle Cacce 91, 10135, Torino, Italy
| | - A Battiato
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, sezione di Torino, Via P. Giuria 1, 10125, Torino, Italy
| | - S Ditalia Tchernij
- Department of Physics and "NIS" inter-departmental centre, University of Torino, Via P. Giuria 1, 10125, Torino, Italy.,Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, sezione di Torino, Via P. Giuria 1, 10125, Torino, Italy
| | - J Forneris
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, sezione di Torino, Via P. Giuria 1, 10125, Torino, Italy
| | - M Gai
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Via Nizza 52, 10126, Torino, Italy
| | - F Picollo
- Department of Physics and "NIS" inter-departmental centre, University of Torino, Via P. Giuria 1, 10125, Torino, Italy.,Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, sezione di Torino, Via P. Giuria 1, 10125, Torino, Italy
| | - P Olivero
- Department of Physics and "NIS" inter-departmental centre, University of Torino, Via P. Giuria 1, 10125, Torino, Italy.,Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, sezione di Torino, Via P. Giuria 1, 10125, Torino, Italy
| | - M Genovese
- Istituto Nazionale Ricerca Metrologica, Strada delle Cacce 91, 10135, Torino, Italy.,Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, sezione di Torino, Via P. Giuria 1, 10125, Torino, Italy
| | - E Carbone
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, "NIS" inter-departmental centre, University of Torino, Corso Raffaello 30, 10125, Torino, Italy
| | - A Marcantoni
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, "NIS" inter-departmental centre, University of Torino, Corso Raffaello 30, 10125, Torino, Italy
| | - V Carabelli
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, "NIS" inter-departmental centre, University of Torino, Corso Raffaello 30, 10125, Torino, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Hemelaar SR, Saspaanithy B, L'Hommelet SRM, Perona Martinez FP, van der Laan KJ, Schirhagl R. The Response of HeLa Cells to Fluorescent NanoDiamond Uptake. SENSORS 2018; 18:s18020355. [PMID: 29373504 PMCID: PMC5855215 DOI: 10.3390/s18020355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Revised: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Fluorescent nanodiamonds are promising probes for nanoscale magnetic resonance measurements. Their physical properties predict them to have particularly useful applications in intracellular analysis. Before using them in intracellular experiments however, it should be clear whether diamond particles influence cell biology. While cytotoxicity has already been ruled out in previous studies, we consider the non-fatal influence of fluorescent nanodiamonds on the formation of reactive oxygen species (an important stress indicator and potential target for intracellular sensing) for the first time. We investigated the influence of different sizes, shapes and concentrations of nanodiamonds on the genetic and protein level involved in oxidative stress-related pathways of the HeLa cell, an important model cell line in research. The changes in viability of the cells and the difference in intracellular levels of free radicals, after diamond uptake, are surprisingly small. At lower diamond concentrations, the cellular metabolism cannot be distinguished from that of untreated cells. This research supports the claims of non-toxicity and includes less obvious non-fatal responses. Finally, we give a handhold concerning the diamond concentration and size to use for non-toxic, intracellular measurements in favour of (cancer) research in HeLa cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simon R Hemelaar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Groningen, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Babujhi Saspaanithy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Groningen, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Severin R M L'Hommelet
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Groningen, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Felipe P Perona Martinez
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Groningen, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Kiran J van der Laan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Groningen, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Romana Schirhagl
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Groningen, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Zheng T, Perona Martínez F, Storm IM, Rombouts W, Sprakel J, Schirhagl R, de Vries R. Recombinant Protein Polymers for Colloidal Stabilization and Improvement of Cellular Uptake of Diamond Nanosensors. Anal Chem 2017; 89:12812-12820. [PMID: 29111679 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b03236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescent nanodiamonds are gaining increasing attention as fluorescent labels in biology in view of the fact that they are essentially nontoxic, do not bleach, and can be used as nanoscale sensors for various physical and chemical properties. To fully realize the nanosensing potential of nanodiamonds in biological applications, two problems need to be addressed: their limited colloidal stability, especially in the presence of salts, and their limited ability to be taken up by cells. We show that the physical adsorption of a suitably designed recombinant polypeptide can address both the colloidal stability problem and the problem of the limited uptake of nanodiamonds by cells in a very straightforward way, while preserving both their spectroscopic properties and their excellent biocompatibility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Zheng
- Physical Chemistry and Soft Matter, Wageningen University & Research , Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands.,Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Drug Addiction and Medication Safety, Department of Ultrasound, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital & Biomedical Research Institute, Shenzhen-PKU-HKUST Medical Center , 518036 Shenzhen, China
| | - Felipe Perona Martínez
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen University , Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AW Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ingeborg Maria Storm
- Physical Chemistry and Soft Matter, Wageningen University & Research , Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Wolf Rombouts
- Physical Chemistry and Soft Matter, Wageningen University & Research , Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Joris Sprakel
- Physical Chemistry and Soft Matter, Wageningen University & Research , Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Romana Schirhagl
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen University , Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AW Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Renko de Vries
- Physical Chemistry and Soft Matter, Wageningen University & Research , Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Hemelaar SR, van der Laan KJ, Hinterding SR, Koot MV, Ellermann E, Perona-Martinez FP, Roig D, Hommelet S, Novarina D, Takahashi H, Chang M, Schirhagl R. Generally Applicable Transformation Protocols for Fluorescent Nanodiamond Internalization into Cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:5862. [PMID: 28724919 PMCID: PMC5517665 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-06180-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluorescent nanodiamonds (FNDs) are promising nanoprobes, owing to their stable and magnetosensitive fluorescence. Therefore they can probe properties as magnetic resonances, pressure, temperature or strain. The unprecedented sensitivity of diamond defects can detect the faint magnetic resonance of a single electron or even a few nuclear spins. However, these sensitivities are only achieved if the diamond probe is close to the molecules that need to be detected. In order to utilize its full potential for biological applications, the diamond particle has to enter the cell. Some model systems, like HeLa cells, readily ingest particles. However, most cells do not show this behavior. In this article we show for the first time generally applicable methods, which are able to transport fluorescent nanodiamonds into cells with a thick cell wall. Yeast cells, in particular Saccharomyces cerevisiae, are a favored model organism to study intracellular processes including aging on a cellular level. In order to introduce FNDs in these cells, we evaluated electrical transformation and conditions of chemical permeabilization for uptake efficiency and viability. 5% DMSO (dimethyl sulfoxide) in combination with optimized chemical transformation mix leads to high uptake efficiency in combination with low impact on cell biology. We have evaluated all steps in the procedure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simon R Hemelaar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AW, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Kiran J van der Laan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AW, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Sophie R Hinterding
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AW, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Manon V Koot
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AW, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Else Ellermann
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AW, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Felipe P Perona-Martinez
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AW, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - David Roig
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AW, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Severin Hommelet
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AW, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Daniele Novarina
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AW, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Hiroki Takahashi
- Department of Physics, ETH-Zurich, Otto Stern Weg 1, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael Chang
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AW, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Romana Schirhagl
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AW, Groningen, Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Pham MD, Epperla CP, Hsieh CL, Chang W, Chang HC. Glycosaminoglycans-Specific Cell Targeting and Imaging Using Fluorescent Nanodiamonds Coated with Viral Envelope Proteins. Anal Chem 2017; 89:6527-6534. [PMID: 28548489 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b00627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Understanding virus-host interactions is crucial for vaccine development. This study investigates such interactions using fluorescent nanodiamonds (FNDs) coated with vaccinia envelope proteins as the model system. To achieve this goal, we noncovalently conjugated 100 nm FNDs with rA27(aa 21-84), a recombinant envelope protein of vaccinia virus, for glycosaminoglycans (GAGs)-specific targeting and imaging of living cells. Another recombinant protein rDA27(aa 33-84) that removes the GAGs-binding sequences was also used for comparison. Three types of A27-coated FNDs were generated, including rA27(aa 21-84)-FND, rDA27(aa 33-84)-FND, and hybrid rA27(aa 21-84)/rDA27(aa 33-84)-FND. The specificity of these viral protein-FND conjugates toward GAGs binding was examined by flow cytometry, fluorescence microscopy, and gel electrophoresis. Results obtained for normal and GAGs-deficient cells showed that the recombinant proteins maintain their GAG-targeting activities even after immobilization on the FND surface. Our studies provide a new nanoparticle-based platform not only to target specific cell types but also to track the fates of these immobilized viral proteins in targeted cells as well as to isolate and enrich GAGs-associated proteins on cell membrane.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minh D Pham
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica , Taipei 106, Taiwan.,Institute of Biotechnology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology , 18-Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Ha noi, Vietnam
| | - Chandra Prakash Epperla
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica , Taipei 106, Taiwan.,Taiwan International Graduate Program-Molecular Science and Technology, Academia Sinica , Taipei 115, Taiwan.,Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University , Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Lung Hsieh
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica , Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Wen Chang
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica , Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Huan-Cheng Chang
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica , Taipei 106, Taiwan.,Taiwan International Graduate Program-Molecular Science and Technology, Academia Sinica , Taipei 115, Taiwan.,Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology , Taipei 106, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Hemelaar SR, de Boer P, Chipaux M, Zuidema W, Hamoh T, Martinez FP, Nagl A, Hoogenboom JP, Giepmans BNG, Schirhagl R. Nanodiamonds as multi-purpose labels for microscopy. Sci Rep 2017; 7:720. [PMID: 28389652 PMCID: PMC5429637 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-00797-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanodiamonds containing fluorescent nitrogen-vacancy centers are increasingly attracting interest for use as a probe in biological microscopy. This interest stems from (i) strong resistance to photobleaching allowing prolonged fluorescence observation times; (ii) the possibility to excite fluorescence using a focused electron beam (cathodoluminescence; CL) for high-resolution localization; and (iii) the potential use for nanoscale sensing. For all these schemes, the development of versatile molecular labeling using relatively small diamonds is essential. Here, we show the direct targeting of a biological molecule with nanodiamonds as small as 70 nm using a streptavidin conjugation and standard antibody labelling approach. We also show internalization of 40 nm sized nanodiamonds. The fluorescence from the nanodiamonds survives osmium-fixation and plastic embedding making them suited for correlative light and electron microscopy. We show that CL can be observed from epon-embedded nanodiamonds, while surface-exposed nanoparticles also stand out in secondary electron (SE) signal due to the exceptionally high diamond SE yield. Finally, we demonstrate the magnetic read-out using fluorescence from diamonds prior to embedding. Thus, our results firmly establish nanodiamonds containing nitrogen-vacancy centers as unique, versatile probes for combining and correlating different types of microscopy, from fluorescence imaging and magnetometry to ultrastructural investigation using electron microscopy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S R Hemelaar
- Groningen University, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713, AW, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - P de Boer
- Groningen University, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Cell Biology, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713, AW, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - M Chipaux
- Groningen University, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713, AW, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - W Zuidema
- Delft University of Technology, Dept. Imaging Physics, Lorentzweg 1, 2628, CJ, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - T Hamoh
- Groningen University, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713, AW, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - F Perona Martinez
- Groningen University, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713, AW, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - A Nagl
- Groningen University, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713, AW, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - J P Hoogenboom
- Delft University of Technology, Dept. Imaging Physics, Lorentzweg 1, 2628, CJ, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - B N G Giepmans
- Groningen University, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Cell Biology, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713, AW, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - R Schirhagl
- Groningen University, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713, AW, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|