1
|
Ding W, Fan X, Zhou X, Liu R, Chen C, Jin W, Sun J, Li X, Jiang G, Liu H. Performance and mechanisms of zero valent iron enhancing short-chain fatty acids production during thermophilic anaerobic fermentation of waste activated sludge. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 912:169025. [PMID: 38056647 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
This work first explored the feasibility and possible mechanisms of zero valent iron (ZVI) pretreatment on the generation of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) during thermophilic anaerobic fermentation of waste activated sludge (WAS). Results showed that ZVI enhanced the quantity of SCFAs. On Day 6, the SCFAs production reached 455.84 ± 47.88 mg COD/g VSS at 5 g/L of ZVI addition, which increased by 63.80 % relative to control. The presence of ZVI can effectively promote butyric-based fermentation. ZVI accelerated the destruction of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and interior sludge cells, as well as improved biodegradation of soluble organics. Also, ZVI enhanced key enzyme activities (i.e., BK and CoA-), thus promoting degradation rates of acidogenesis (6.30 ± 0.84 mg/(gVSS·h) in glucose) and acetogenesis (74.63 ± 0.29 mg/(gVSS·h) in butyrate). Compared to Fe(III), the contribution of Fe(II) was higher among the decomposition products of ZVI. Besides, ZVI favored Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria, which enhanced acetate formation and organic compounds disassimilation of the process, respectively. The abundance of Tepidiphilus, Thermobrachium and Tepidimicrobium was increased, indicating promoting the system stability of SCFAs production in thermophilic anaerobic fermentation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wanqing Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Xiumin Fan
- Shenzhen Ecological and Environmental Intelligent Management and Control Center, Shenzhen 518034, China
| | - Xu Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China.
| | - Ruining Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Chuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150090, China
| | - Wenbiao Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Jing Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xuan Li
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Guangming Jiang
- School of Civil, Mining and Environmental Engineering, University of Wollongong, NSW 2522, Wollongong, Australia
| | - Huan Liu
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wang Y, Wang H, Chen H, Dai X. Metatranscriptome analysis unveils the mechanisms of zero-valent iron enhancing reactivation of starvation hydrolysis acidification sludge by inducing high-level gene expression. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 899:165696. [PMID: 37482355 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Hydrolysis acidification (HA) is a promising method for wastewater treatment and resource recovery. However, the extended time required for bacterial reactivation after starvation or a change in living conditions often poses a challenge to the efficient operation of the system. Although the addition of zero-valent iron (ZVI) could enhance HA performance, its effects on sludge reactivation in the HA process are not fully understood. In this study, ZVI was employed to accelerate sludge reactivation and its involved genetic mechanisms were unveiled. The results demonstrated that ZVI addition activated the sludge within 35 days with stable HA performance. Sludge characteristics revealed that ZVI improved active biomass, enzyme activity (by 11.4 % ∼ 26.7 %), ETS activity (by 566 %), and cell viability, with a higher concentration of MLVSS, live cells, more microbial byproducts in EPS, and relative abundance of HA bacteria (63.41 %). Moreover, metatranscriptome analysis showed that ZVI upregulated the expression of genes related to key enzymes in carbohydrate degradation metabolism, biosynthesis of electron transfer media such as heme and ubiquinone, and biosynthesis of vital cofactors like vitamin B12 and folate during microbial growth and metabolism. These findings suggest that ZVI enhanced electron transfer, bacterial growth, and metabolism, resulting in effective starch conversion and VFAs generation. Overall, these results deepen our understanding of the mechanism by which ZVI enhanced HA sludge reactivation, providing valuable information for addressing sludge starvation issues in HA systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanqiong Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Urban Pollution Control, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Hongwu Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Urban Pollution Control, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Key Laboratory of Urban Water Supply, Water Saving and Water Environment Governance in the Yangtze River Delta of Ministry of Water Resources, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Hongbin Chen
- National Engineering Research Center for Urban Pollution Control, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xiaohu Dai
- National Engineering Research Center for Urban Pollution Control, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Sun Y, Xue W, Zhao J, Bao Q, Zhang K, Liu Y, Li H. Direct Electrochemistry of Glucose Dehydrogenase-Functionalized Polymers on a Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode and Its Molecular Recognition of Glucose. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076152. [PMID: 37047124 PMCID: PMC10093998 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
A glucose biosensor was layer-by-layer assembled on a modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) from a nanocomposite of NAD(P)+-dependent glucose dehydrogenase, aminated polyethylene glycol (mPEG), carboxylic acid-functionalized multi-wall carbon nanotubes (fMWCNTs), and ionic liquid (IL) composite functional polymers. The electrochemical electrode was denoted as NF/IL/GDH/mPEG-fMWCNTs/GCE. The composite polymer membranes were characterized by cyclic voltammetry, ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. The cyclic voltammogram of the modified electrode had a pair of well-defined quasi-reversible redox peaks with a formal potential of -61 mV (vs. Ag/AgCl) at a scan rate of 0.05 V s-1. The heterogeneous electron transfer constant (ks) of GDH on the composite functional polymer-modified GCE was 6.5 s-1. The biosensor could sensitively recognize and detect glucose linearly from 0.8 to 100 µM with a detection limit down to 0.46 μM (S/N = 3) and a sensitivity of 29.1 nA μM-1. The apparent Michaelis-Menten constant (Kmapp) of the modified electrode was 0.21 mM. The constructed electrochemical sensor was compared with the high-performance liquid chromatography method for the determination of glucose in commercially available glucose injections. The results demonstrated that the sensor was highly accurate and could be used for the rapid and quantitative determination of glucose concentration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Sun
- School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
- Engineering Research Center for Applied Microbiology of Henan Province, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Weishi Xue
- School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
- Engineering Research Center for Applied Microbiology of Henan Province, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Jianfeng Zhao
- School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
- Engineering Research Center for Applied Microbiology of Henan Province, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Qianqian Bao
- School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
- Engineering Research Center for Applied Microbiology of Henan Province, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Kailiang Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
- Engineering Research Center for Applied Microbiology of Henan Province, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Yupeng Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
- Engineering Research Center for Applied Microbiology of Henan Province, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Hua Li
- School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
- Engineering Research Center for Applied Microbiology of Henan Province, Kaifeng 475004, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Bollella P. Enzyme-based amperometric biosensors: 60 years later … Quo Vadis? Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1234:340517. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2022.340517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
|
5
|
Steward KF, Payne D, Kincannon W, Johnson C, Lensing M, Fausset H, Németh B, Shepard EM, Broderick WE, Broderick JB, Dubois J, Bothner B. Proteomic Analysis of Methanococcus voltae Grown in the Presence of Mineral and Nonmineral Sources of Iron and Sulfur. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0189322. [PMID: 35876569 PMCID: PMC9431491 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01893-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron sulfur (Fe-S) proteins are essential and ubiquitous across all domains of life, yet the mechanisms underpinning assimilation of iron (Fe) and sulfur (S) and biogenesis of Fe-S clusters are poorly understood. This is particularly true for anaerobic methanogenic archaea, which are known to employ more Fe-S proteins than other prokaryotes. Here, we utilized a deep proteomics analysis of Methanococcus voltae A3 cultured in the presence of either synthetic pyrite (FeS2) or aqueous forms of ferrous iron and sulfide to elucidate physiological responses to growth on mineral or nonmineral sources of Fe and S. The liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LCMS) shotgun proteomics analysis included 77% of the predicted proteome. Through a comparative analysis of intra- and extracellular proteomes, candidate proteins associated with FeS2 reductive dissolution, Fe and S acquisition, and the subsequent transport, trafficking, and storage of Fe and S were identified. The proteomic response shows a large and balanced change, suggesting that M. voltae makes physiological adjustments involving a range of biochemical processes based on the available nutrient source. Among the proteins differentially regulated were members of core methanogenesis, oxidoreductases, membrane proteins putatively involved in transport, Fe-S binding ferredoxin and radical S-adenosylmethionine proteins, ribosomal proteins, and intracellular proteins involved in Fe-S cluster assembly and storage. This work improves our understanding of ancient biogeochemical processes and can support efforts in biomining of minerals. IMPORTANCE Clusters of iron and sulfur are key components of the active sites of enzymes that facilitate microbial conversion of light or electrical energy into chemical bonds. The proteins responsible for transporting iron and sulfur into cells and assembling these elements into metal clusters are not well understood. Using a microorganism that has an unusually high demand for iron and sulfur, we conducted a global investigation of cellular proteins and how they change based on the mineral forms of iron and sulfur. Understanding this process will answer questions about life on early earth and has application in biomining and sustainable sources of energy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katherine F. Steward
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, USA
| | - Devon Payne
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, USA
| | - Will Kincannon
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, USA
| | - Christina Johnson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, USA
| | - Malachi Lensing
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, USA
| | - Hunter Fausset
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, USA
| | - Brigitta Németh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, USA
| | - Eric M. Shepard
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, USA
| | - William E. Broderick
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, USA
| | - Joan B. Broderick
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, USA
| | - Jen Dubois
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, USA
| | - Brian Bothner
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Weber JM, Henderson BL, LaRowe DE, Goldman AD, Perl SM, Billings K, Barge LM. Testing Abiotic Reduction of NAD + Directly Mediated by Iron/Sulfur Minerals. ASTROBIOLOGY 2022; 22:25-34. [PMID: 34591607 DOI: 10.1089/ast.2021.0035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Life emerged in a geochemical context, possibly in the midst of mineral substrates. However, it is not known to what extent minerals and dissolved inorganic ions could have facilitated the evolution of biochemical reactions. Herein, we have experimentally shown that iron sulfide minerals can act as electron transfer agents for the reduction of the ubiquitous biological protein cofactor nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) under anaerobic prebiotic conditions, observing the NAD+/NADH redox transition by using ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance. This reaction was mediated with iron sulfide minerals, which were likely abundant on early Earth in seafloor and hydrothermal settings; and the NAD+/NADH redox reaction occurred in the absence of UV light, peptide ligand(s), or dissolved mediators. To better understand this reaction, thermodynamic modeling was also performed. The ability of an iron sulfide mineral to transfer electrons to a biochemical cofactor that is found in every living cell demonstrates how geologic materials could have played a direct role in the evolution of certain cofactor-driven metabolic pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica M Weber
- NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA
| | - Bryana L Henderson
- NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA
| | - Douglas E LaRowe
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Aaron D Goldman
- Blue Marble Space Institute of Science, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Biology, Oberlin College, Oberlin, Ohio, USA
| | - Scott M Perl
- NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA
| | - Keith Billings
- NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA
| | - Laura M Barge
- NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Stolarczyk K, Rogalski J, Bilewicz R. NAD(P)-dependent glucose dehydrogenase: Applications for biosensors, bioelectrodes, and biofuel cells. Bioelectrochemistry 2020; 135:107574. [PMID: 32498025 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2020.107574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This review discusses the physical and chemical properties of nicotinamide redox cofactor dependent glucose dehydrogenase (NAD(P) dependent GDH) and its extensive application in biosensors and bio-fuel cells. GDHs from different organisms show diverse biochemical properties (e.g., activity and stability) and preferences towards cofactors, such as nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP+). The (NAD(P)+) play important roles in biological electron transfer, however, there are some difficulties related to their application in devices that originate from their chemical properties and labile binding to the GDH enzyme. This review discusses the electrode modifications aimed at immobilising NAD+ or NADP+ cofactors and GDH at electrodes. Binding of the enzyme was achieved by appropriate protein engineering techniques, including polymerisation, hydrophobisation or hydrophilisation processes. Various enzyme-modified electrodes applied in biosensors, enzymatic fuel cells, and biobatteries are compared. Importantly, GDH can operate alone or as part of an enzymatic cascade, which often improves the functional parameters of the biofuel cell or simply allows use of cheaper fuels. Overall, this review explores how NAD(P)-dependent GDH has recently demonstrated high potential for use in various systems to generate electricity from biological sources for applications in implantable biomedical devices, wireless sensors, and portable electronic devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Stolarczyk
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura St. 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jerzy Rogalski
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Akademicka Str. 19, 20-031 Lublin, Poland
| | - Renata Bilewicz
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura St. 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|