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Bashir S, Amn Zia M, Shoukat M, Kaleem I, Bashir S. Nanoparticles as a novel key driver for the isolation and detection of circulating tumour cells. Sci Rep 2024; 14:22580. [PMID: 39343959 PMCID: PMC11439955 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-67221-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 10/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Circulating tumour cells (CTCs), derived from primary tumours, play a pivotal role in cancer metastasis by migrating into the peripheral bloodstream. These cells are paramount in clinical research, serving as early diagnostic markers for metastatic cancer. Analysing CTC counts and their biomarker characteristics can provide invaluable insights into tumour identification, profiling, and metastatic capabilities. However, the rarity and diverse nature of CTCs in the bloodstream present significant challenges to their isolation and detection, especially in the initial stages of metastasis. Recent advancements in nanotechnology have led to the development of innovative CTC separation and detection methods. This review focuses on applying nanoparticles, nanomaterials, and microfluidic platforms to simplify the isolation and detection of CTCs. The infusion of nanotechnology in this field marks a crucial turning point, enabling the necessary progress to advance CTC research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahab Bashir
- Translational Genomics Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Amn Zia
- Translational Genomics Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Madiha Shoukat
- Translational Genomics Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Imdad Kaleem
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Islamabad, 45550, Pakistan.
| | - Shahid Bashir
- Neuroscience Centre, King Fahad Specialist Hospital, Dammam, KSA, Saudi Arabia
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2
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Zhao R, Bai Y, Guo Y, Feng F, Shuang S. Aptamer-Modified Tetrahedral DNA Nanostructures as Drug Delivery System for Cancer Targeted Therapy. Macromol Biosci 2024; 24:e2300420. [PMID: 38088938 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202300420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
Improving the selective delivery and uptake efficiency of chemotherapeutic drugs remains a challenge for cancer-targeted therapy. In this work, a DNA tetrahedron is constructed as a targeted drug delivery system for efficient delivery of doxorubicin (Dox) into cancer cells. The DNA tetrahedron is composed of a tetrahedral DNA nanostructure (TDN) with two strands of AS1411 aptamer as recognition elements which can target the nucleolin protein on the cell membrane of cancer cells. The prepared DNA tetrahedron has a high drug-loading capacity and demonstrates pH-responsive Dox release properties. This enables efficient delivery of Dox into targeted cancer cells while reducing side effects on nontarget cells. The proposed drug delivery system exhibits significant therapeutic efficacy in vitro compared to free Dox. Accordingly, this work provides a good paradigm for developing a targeted drug delivery system for cancer therapy based on DNA tetrahedrons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruirui Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Institute of Environmental Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Biosensing, Shanxi Datong University, Datong, 037009, China
| | - Yunfeng Bai
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Biosensing, Shanxi Datong University, Datong, 037009, China
| | - Yujing Guo
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Institute of Environmental Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
| | - Feng Feng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Biosensing, Shanxi Datong University, Datong, 037009, China
| | - Shaomin Shuang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Institute of Environmental Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
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3
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Cui LW, Fan LY, Shen ZY. Application Research Progress of Nanomaterial Graphene and its Derivative Complexes in Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy. Curr Med Chem 2024; 31:6436-6459. [PMID: 38299292 DOI: 10.2174/0109298673251648231106112354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Functional nanomaterial graphene and its derivatives have attracted considerable attention in many fields because of their unique physical and chemical properties. Most notably, graphene has become a research hotspot in the biomedical field, especially in relation to malignant tumors. In this study, we briefly review relevant research from recent years on graphene and its derivatives in tumor diagnosis and antitumor therapy. The main contents of the study include the graphene-derivative diagnosis of tumors in the early stage, graphene quantum dots, photodynamics, MRI contrast agent, acoustic dynamics, and the effects of ultrasonic cavitation and graphene on tumor therapy. Moreover, the biocompatibility of graphene is briefly described. This review provides a broad overview of the applications of graphene and its derivatives in tumors. Conclusion, graphene and its derivatives play an important role in tumor diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wen Cui
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong Tumor Hospital, No. 30, North Tong-yang Road, Pingchao Town, Tongzhou District, Nantong, Jiangsu 226361, China
| | - Lu Yao Fan
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong Tumor Hospital, No. 30, North Tong-yang Road, Pingchao Town, Tongzhou District, Nantong, Jiangsu 226361, China
| | - Zhi Yong Shen
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong Tumor Hospital, No. 30, North Tong-yang Road, Pingchao Town, Tongzhou District, Nantong, Jiangsu 226361, China
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4
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Redox-labelled detection probe enabled immunoassay for simultaneous detection of multiple cancer biomarkers. Mikrochim Acta 2023; 190:86. [PMID: 36757491 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-023-05663-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Some of the cancer biomarkers often lack specificity and sensitivity; thus, simultaneous detection of multiple biomarkers can make the diagnosis more accurate. Also, simple sensing system without utilization of extra reagents like mediator or substrate during detection event is desirable for point-of-care testing. To address this, mediator and substrate-free amperometric biosensor for simultaneous detection of cancer biomarkers carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) have been demonstrated by designing two different redox-labelled detection probes. Colloidal nanoparticles of polyaniline-pectin conjugated with AFP antibody along with ferrocene and silver nanoparticles conjugated with CEA antibody along with anthraquinone were used as redox probes to bind with AFP and CEA during the detection event. Sensor constructed using carboxylic acid tethered polyaniline as immobilization matrix displayed 5 times wider linear range than conventional polyaniline for AFP and CEA detection by sandwich electrochemical assay. The detection limit was 30 pg mL-1 for AFP and 80 pg mL-1 for CEA. The biosensor displayed appropriate sensitivity, good specificity, and negligible cross-reactivity between the two targets. The proposed sensor was used to determine APF and CEA in human blood serum. The strategy demonstrated can be further extended for detection of panel of cancer biomarkers by designing appropriate redox probes.
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5
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Taheriazam A, Abad GGY, Hajimazdarany S, Imani MH, Ziaolhagh S, Zandieh MA, Bayanzadeh SD, Mirzaei S, Hamblin MR, Entezari M, Aref AR, Zarrabi A, Ertas YN, Ren J, Rajabi R, Paskeh MDA, Hashemi M, Hushmandi K. Graphene oxide nanoarchitectures in cancer biology: Nano-modulators of autophagy and apoptosis. J Control Release 2023; 354:503-522. [PMID: 36641122 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Nanotechnology is a growing field, with many potential biomedical applications of nanomedicine for the treatment of different diseases, particularly cancer, on the horizon. Graphene oxide (GO) nanoparticles can act as carbon-based nanocarriers with advantages such as a large surface area, good mechanical strength, and the capacity for surface modification. These nanostructures have been extensively used in cancer therapy for drug and gene delivery, photothermal therapy, overcoming chemotherapy resistance, and for imaging procedures. In the current review, we focus on the biological functions of GO nanoparticles as regulators of apoptosis and autophagy, the two major forms of programmed cell death. GO nanoparticles can either induce or inhibit autophagy in cancer cells, depending on the conditions. By stimulating autophagy, GO nanocarriers can promote the sensitivity of cancer cells to chemotherapy. However, by impairing autophagy flux, GO nanoparticles can reduce cell survival and enhance inflammation. Similarly, GO nanomaterials can increase ROS production and induce DNA damage, thereby sensitizing cancer cells to apoptosis. In vitro and in vivo experiments have investigated whether GO nanomaterials show any toxicity in major body organs, such as the brain, liver, spleen, and heart. Molecular pathways, such as ATG, MAPK, JNK, and Akt, can be regulated by GO nanomaterials, leading to effects on autophagy and apoptosis. These topics are discussed in this review to shed some lights towards the biomedical potential of GO nanoparticles and their biocompatibility, paving the way for their future application in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afshin Taheriazam
- Department of Orthopedics, Faculty of medicine, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ghazaleh Gholamiyan Yousef Abad
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shima Hajimazdarany
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hassan Imani
- Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Islamic Azad University, Shahr-e kord Branch, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari, Iran
| | - Setayesh Ziaolhagh
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Arad Zandieh
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Division of epidemiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Sepideh Mirzaei
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Michael R Hamblin
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Science, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein 2028, South Africa; Radiation Biology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maliheh Entezari
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Reza Aref
- Belfer Center for Applied Cancer Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Vice President at Translational Sciences, Xsphera Biosciences Inc., 6 Tide Street, Boston, MA, 02210, USA
| | - Ali Zarrabi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Istinye University, Istanbul 34396, Turkey
| | - Yavuz Nuri Ertas
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey; ERNAM-Nanotechnology Research and Application Center, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Jun Ren
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Romina Rajabi
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mahshid Deldar Abad Paskeh
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mehrdad Hashemi
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Kiavash Hushmandi
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Division of epidemiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
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Feng T, Liu J, Chen G, Wu L, Ren F, Yang Y, Zhu J, Shen F, Wang L, Chen Q. The fluorescent aptasensor based on CRISPR-Cas12a combined with TdT for highly sensitive detection of cocaine. Anal Bioanal Chem 2022; 414:7291-7297. [PMID: 36029324 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-022-04280-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Ultrasensitive and specific detection of cocaine is of great significance for monitoring cocaine abuse. Herein, a fluorescent aptasensor via coupling CRISPR-Cas12a, with magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs), split-aptamer, and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT), was developed for the detection of cocaine. In short, the complete cocaine aptamer is split into two parts, one is modified on magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) and the other is free. The presence of cocaine will mediate the binding of these two segments. Then TdT will mediate the extension to form an ultra-long sequence that can bind with multiple CRISPR-Cas12a resulting in the trans-cleavage activity of CRISPR-Cas12a being triggered. Thence, the DNA reporter which is bi-labeled with fluorophore and quencher is cleaved resulting in the generation of a fluorescence signal. The developed fluorescent aptasensor realizes the detection of cocaine with excellent sensitivity and specificity. The detection limit is low down to 33 pM, and the linear range is from 330 to 1.65 × 105 pM. Most importantly, this fluorescent aptasensor can be successfully applied to the determination of cocaine in human plasma samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Feng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Baoan Central Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Shenzhen, 518101, China
| | - Jingjian Liu
- Sinopharm Dongfeng General Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, 442008, Hubei, China
| | - Gong Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Baoan Central Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Shenzhen, 518101, China
| | - Lun Wu
- Sinopharm Dongfeng General Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, 442008, Hubei, China
| | - Fangling Ren
- Sinopharm Dongfeng General Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, 442008, Hubei, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Shenzhen Baoan Authentic TCM Therapy Hospital, Shenzhen, 518101, China
| | - Jing Zhu
- Shenzhen Baoan Authentic TCM Therapy Hospital, Shenzhen, 518101, China
| | - Feng Shen
- Sinopharm Dongfeng General Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, 442008, Hubei, China
| | - Linhai Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, 442008, Hubei, China.
| | - Qinhua Chen
- Shenzhen Baoan Authentic TCM Therapy Hospital, Shenzhen, 518101, China.
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7
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Sargazi S, Er S, Mobashar A, Gelen SS, Rahdar A, Ebrahimi N, Hosseinikhah SM, Bilal M, Kyzas GZ. Aptamer-conjugated carbon-based nanomaterials for cancer and bacteria theranostics: A review. Chem Biol Interact 2022; 361:109964. [PMID: 35513013 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2022.109964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Aptamers are single-stranded oligonucleotides that link to various substrates with great affinity and selectivity, including small molecules, peptides, proteins, cells, and tissues. For this reason, they can be used as imaging agents for cancer imaging techniques. Multifunctional nanomaterials combined with imaging probes and drugs are promising cancer diagnosis and treatment candidates. On the other hand, carbon-based nanomaterials (CNMs), including such as fullerene, carbon nanotubes, carbon-based quantum dots, carbon nanohorns, graphene oxide and its derivatives carbon nanodots, and nanodiamonds, are sort of smart materials that can be used in a variety of theranostic applications, including photo-triggered therapies. The remarkable physical characteristics, functionalizable chemistry, biocompatibility, and optical properties of these nanoparticles have enabled their utilization in less-invasive therapies. The theranostic agents that emerged by combining aptamers with CNMs have opened a novel alternative for personified medicine of cancer, target-specific imaging, and label-free diagnosis of a broad range of cancers, as well as pathogens. Aptamer-functionalized CNMs have been used as nanovesicles for targeted delivery of anti-cancer agents (i.e., doxorubicin and 5-fluorouracil) to tumor sites. Furthermore, these CNMs conjugated with aptamers have shown great advantages over standard CNMs to sensitively detect Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Escherichia coli, staphylococcus aureus, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Salmonella typhimurium, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Citrobacter freundii. Regrettably, CNMs can form compounds defined as NOAA (nano-objects, and their aggregates and agglomerates larger than 100 nm), that accumulate in the body and cause toxic effects. Surface modification and pretreatment with albumin avoid agglomeration and increase the dispersibility of CNMs, so it is needed to guarantee the desirable interactions between functionalized CNMs and blood plasma proteins. This preliminary review aimed to comprehensively discuss the features and uses of aptamer-conjugated CNMs to manage cancer and bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saman Sargazi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute of Cellular and Molecular Sciences in Infectious Diseases, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, 98167-43463, Iran
| | - Simge Er
- Ege University Faculty of Science Biochemistry Department, 35100, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Aisha Mobashar
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Sultan Sacide Gelen
- Ege University Faculty of Science Biochemistry Department, 35100, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Abbas Rahdar
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Zabol, 538-98615, Zabol, Iran.
| | - Narges Ebrahimi
- School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Seyedeh Maryam Hosseinikhah
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Muhammad Bilal
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian, 223003, China
| | - George Z Kyzas
- Department of Chemistry, International Hellenic University, Kavala, 65404, Greece.
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Akram Keramat AX, Kadkhoda J, Farahzadi R, Fathi E, Davaran S. The potential of Graphene Oxide and reduced Graphene Oxide in diagnosis and treatment of Cancer. Curr Med Chem 2022; 29:4529-4546. [PMID: 35135444 DOI: 10.2174/0929867329666220208092157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Nanotechnology is a pioneer field of study; for engineering smart nanosystems in targeted diagnosis and treatment in cancer therapy. The potent therapy for different kinds of solid tumors should ideally target individually the cancerous cells and tissue with no impact on healthy cells in the body. Nano-sized graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) have phenomenal chemical versatility, high surface area ratio, and supernatural physical properties. The synergistic effects caused by the well-defined assembly of GO and rGO surface generate not only essential optical, mechanical, but also electronic behaviors. Developing novel multifunctional hybrid nanoparticles with great potential is highly considered in multimodal cancer treatment. GO, and rGO are engineered as a programmable targeting delivery system and combed with photonic energy they utilize in photothermal therapy. Its remarkable properties indicated its applications as a biosensor, bio-imaging for cancer diagnosis. In this current review, we show a remarkable highlight about GO, rGO, and discuss the notable applications for cancer diagnosis and treatment, and an overview of possible cellular signaling pathways that are affected by GO, rGO in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akram X Akram Keramat
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Jamileh Kadkhoda
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Biomedicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Raheleh Farahzadi
- Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ezzatollah Fathi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz-Iran
| | - Soodabeh Davaran
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Biomedicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Vandghanooni S, Sanaat Z, Farahzadi R, Eskandani M, Omidian H, Omidi Y. Recent progress in the development of aptasensors for cancer diagnosis: Focusing on aptamers against cancer biomarkers. Microchem J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2021.106640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Recent Development of Nanomaterials-Based Cytosensors for the Detection of Circulating Tumor Cells. BIOSENSORS-BASEL 2021; 11:bios11080281. [PMID: 34436082 PMCID: PMC8391755 DOI: 10.3390/bios11080281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The accurate analysis of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) holds great promise in early diagnosis and prognosis of cancers. However, the extremely low abundance of CTCs in peripheral blood samples limits the practical utility of the traditional methods for CTCs detection. Thus, novel and powerful strategies have been proposed for sensitive detection of CTCs. In particular, nanomaterials with exceptional physical and chemical properties have been used to fabricate cytosensors for amplifying the signal and enhancing the sensitivity. In this review, we summarize the recent development of nanomaterials-based optical and electrochemical analytical techniques for CTCs detection, including fluorescence, colorimetry, surface-enhanced Raman scattering, chemiluminescence, electrochemistry, electrochemiluminescence, photoelectrochemistry and so on.
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