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Serin M, Kara P. Aptamer-based electrochemical nanobiosensor for research and monitoring of multiple sclerosis in mice models. Bioelectrochemistry 2024; 160:108744. [PMID: 38852383 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2024.108744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a severe progressive autoimmune-inflammatory, demyelinating process in the central nervous system (CNS) with heterogeneous neurological symptoms appearing as a consequence of myelin break down. Myelin basic protein (MBP) makes up to 30 % of the CNS myelin [1] and it is known to be released into the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) as a bioindicator of MS. Autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is a mice model of MS widely used for research and development of new treatments [2]. Herein, MBP specific aptamer developed for possible therapeutic purposes in mouse model [3] was applied as a bioreceptor for MBP recognition. A nanobiosensor for MBP detection and monitoring was developed by using graphene oxide (GO) nanoparticles integrated onto the screen-printed carbon electrodes (SPCE) and aptamer immobilized to create a bioactive layer on the sensor surface for MBP binding. The measurements were carried out using electrochemical impedance spectrometry (EIS). Validation studies were carried out in a biological matrix (artificial CSF) containing MBP, and MSA. The aptasensor had LOD in artificial CSF 0.01 ng/mL and showed its usability in the concentration range of 0.01 … 64 ng/mL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Serin
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Ege University, 35100 Izmir, Bornova, Turkey; Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Department of Biomedical Technologies, Ege University, 35100 Izmir, Bornova, Turkey
| | - Pınar Kara
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Ege University, 35100 Izmir, Bornova, Turkey.
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2
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Schindler CR, Hörauf JA, Weber B, Schaible I, Marzi I, Henrich D, Leppik L. Identification of novel blood-based extracellular vesicles biomarker candidates with potential specificity for traumatic brain injury in polytrauma patients. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1347767. [PMID: 38533491 PMCID: PMC10963595 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1347767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective The goal of this study was to identify changes in extracellular vesicles (EV) surface proteins specific to traumatic brain injury (TBI), which could be used as a diagnostic and prognostic tool in polytrauma patients. Summary Background Data Known serum TBI-specific biomarkers (S100B, NSE, and GFAP), which can predict the severity and outcome of isolated TBI, lose their predictive value in the presence of additional extracranial injuries. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are released from cells in response to various stimuli and carry specific cargo/surface molecules that could be used for tracking injury-responding cells. Methods EVs were isolated using size exclusion chromatography (SEC) from the plasma of two groups of patients (with isolated TBI, ISS≥16, AIShead≥4, n=10; and polytraumatized patients without TBI ISS≥16, AIShead=0, n=10) collected in the emergency room and 48 h after trauma. EVs' surface epitope expression was investigated using a neurospecific multiplex flow cytometry assay and compared with healthy controls (n=10). Three enrichments of EV epitopes found to be specific to TBI were validated by western blot. Results The expression of 10 EV epitopes differed significantly among the patient and control groups, and five of these epitopes (CD13, CD196, MOG, CD133, and MBP) were TBI-specific. The increased expression of CD196, CD13, and MOG-positive EVs was validated by western blot. Conclusion Our data showed that TBI is characterized by a significant increase of CD13, CD196, MOG, CD133, and MBP-positive EVs in patients' plasma. A high level of MOG-positive EVs negatively correlated with the Glasgow Coma Scale score at admission and could be an indicator of poor neurological status.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Liudmila Leppik
- Department of Trauma-, Hand- and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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Schimmel S, El Sayed B, Lockard G, Gordon J, Young I, D’Egidio F, Lee JY, Rodriguez T, Borlongan CV. Identifying the Target Traumatic Brain Injury Population for Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14612. [PMID: 37834059 PMCID: PMC10572450 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) results from direct penetrating and indirect non-penetrating forces that alters brain functions, affecting millions of individuals annually. Primary injury following TBI is exacerbated by secondary brain injury; foremost is the deleterious inflammatory response. One therapeutic intervention being increasingly explored for TBI is hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT), which is already approved clinically for treating open wounds. HBOT consists of 100% oxygen administration, usually between 1.5 and 3 atm and has been found to increase brain oxygenation levels after hypoxia in addition to decreasing levels of inflammation, apoptosis, intracranial pressure, and edema, reducing subsequent secondary injury. The following review examines recent preclinical and clinical studies on HBOT in the context of TBI with a focus on contributing mechanisms and clinical potential. Several preclinical studies have identified pathways, such as TLR4/NF-kB, that are affected by HBOT and contribute to its therapeutic effect. Thus far, the mechanisms mediating HBOT treatment have yet to be fully elucidated and are of interest to researchers. Nonetheless, multiple clinical studies presented in this review have examined the safety of HBOT and demonstrated the improved neurological function of TBI patients after HBOT, deeming it a promising avenue for treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Schimmel
- Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 560 Channelside Dr., Tampa, FL 33602, USA; (S.S.); (B.E.S.); (G.L.); (J.G.)
| | - Bassel El Sayed
- Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 560 Channelside Dr., Tampa, FL 33602, USA; (S.S.); (B.E.S.); (G.L.); (J.G.)
| | - Gavin Lockard
- Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 560 Channelside Dr., Tampa, FL 33602, USA; (S.S.); (B.E.S.); (G.L.); (J.G.)
| | - Jonah Gordon
- Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 560 Channelside Dr., Tampa, FL 33602, USA; (S.S.); (B.E.S.); (G.L.); (J.G.)
| | | | - Francesco D’Egidio
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; (F.D.); (J.Y.L.)
| | - Jea Young Lee
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; (F.D.); (J.Y.L.)
| | - Thomas Rodriguez
- School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, 11175 Campus St., Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA;
| | - Cesar V. Borlongan
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; (F.D.); (J.Y.L.)
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Batista S, Bocanegra-Becerra JE, Claassen B, Rubião F, Rabelo NN, Figueiredo EG, Oberman DZ. Biomarkers in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: A short review. World Neurosurg X 2023; 19:100205. [PMID: 37206060 PMCID: PMC10189293 DOI: 10.1016/j.wnsx.2023.100205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Poor outcomes of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) can be the result of the initial catastrophic event or the many acute or delayed neurological complications. Recent evidence suggests that some molecules play a critical role in both events, through some unknown pathways involved. Understanding the role of these molecules in these events could allow to improve diagnostic accuracy, guide management, and prevent long-term disability in aSAH. Here we present the studies on aSAH biomarkers present in current medical literature, highlighting their roles and main results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sávio Batista
- Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Bernardo Claassen
- Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Felipe Rubião
- Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | - Dan Zimelewicz Oberman
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital de Força Aérea do Galeão, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Corresponding author. Neurosurgery Department Hospital Força Aérea do Galeão, Estrada do Galeão, 4101 - Galeão, Rio de Janeiro - RJ, 21941-353, Brazil.
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5
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Darbinian N, Sparks EC, Darbinyan A, Merabova N, Tatevosian-Geller T, Calaku K, Bachman S, Zhao H, Amini S, Goetzl L, Samuel SP, Samdani A, Selzer ME. Exosomal Lipid Biomarkers of Oligodendrocyte Pathology to Predict Scoliosis in Children with Cerebral Palsy. OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY RESEARCH 2023; 6:160-170. [PMID: 37538811 PMCID: PMC10399299 DOI: 10.26502/ogr0127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Cerebral Palsy (CP), the most common cause of disability in children, is phenotypically heterogeneous. Approximately 20% of cases develop severe scoliosis. A pathological hallmark of CP is periventricular leukomalacia (PVL), which is due to dysmyelination, suggesting the possibility of a lipidomic abnormality. Risk factors for CP include perinatal hypoxia, prematurity, multiple gestation, ischemia, infection, and maternal alcohol consumption. There is evidence for low serum levels of omega-3 (ω-3) fatty acids in CP patients, and separately in idiopathic scoliosis. Many effects of free fatty acids (FFAs) are mediated via specific G protein-coupled free fatty acid receptors (FFARs), which play essential roles as nutritional and signaling molecules. FFAs, including ω-3, and their receptors are involved in the development and metabolism of oligodendrocytes (OLs), and are critical to myelination. Thus, the cases of CP that will develop severe scoliosis might be those in which there is a deficiency of ω-3, FFARs, or other lipidomic abnormality that is detectable early in the plasma. If so, we might be able to predict scoliosis and prevent it with dietary supplementation. Methods Blood samples were collected from four groups of patients at the Philadelphia Shriners Children's Hospital (SCH-P): 1) patients with CP; 2) severe scoliosis (>40o); 3) CP plus scoliosis; and 4) non-impaired controls stratified by age (2-18 yrs), gender, and race/ethnicity, under an IRB-approved protocol. Serum proteins and RNA were purified, and OL-derived exosomes (OL-Es) isolated, using myelin basic protein (MBP) as a late OL marker. Protein was used for the detection of MBP and FFAR by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs), and by flow cytometry. RNA was assayed by digital droplet polymerase chain reaction (ddPCR) for OL markers and FFAR expression. Results FFAR and MBP proteins were downregulated in each of the three patient groups compared to controls, and this difference was greatest in both patients with CP plus scoliosis. Conclusion Altogether, MBP and FFAR levels were reduced in OL-Es from both children with CP plus scoliosis. The lipid abnormalities specific to CP with scoliosis were concentrated in OLs. Our data might i) suggest therapeutic targets to reduce dysmyelination and scoliosis in CP, ii) predict which children are at risk for developing scoliosis, iii) lead to therapeutic trials of fatty acids for CP and other dysmyelinating neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nune Darbinian
- Center for Neural Repair and Rehabilitation (Shriners Hospitals Pediatric Research Center), Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Emily C Sparks
- Center for Neural Repair and Rehabilitation (Shriners Hospitals Pediatric Research Center), Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Armine Darbinyan
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Nana Merabova
- Center for Neural Repair and Rehabilitation (Shriners Hospitals Pediatric Research Center), Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
- Medical College of Wisconsin-Prevea Health, Green Bay, WI 54304, USA
| | - Tamara Tatevosian-Geller
- Center for Neural Repair and Rehabilitation (Shriners Hospitals Pediatric Research Center), Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Katie Calaku
- Center for Neural Repair and Rehabilitation (Shriners Hospitals Pediatric Research Center), Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Sarah Bachman
- Center for Neural Repair and Rehabilitation (Shriners Hospitals Pediatric Research Center), Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Huaqing Zhao
- Center for Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Department of Biomedical Education and Data Science, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Shohreh Amini
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
| | - Laura Goetzl
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Texas, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | | | - Amer Samdani
- Shriners Hospital FOR Children, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Michael E Selzer
- Center for Neural Repair and Rehabilitation (Shriners Hospitals Pediatric Research Center), Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
- Department of Neurology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140 USA
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6
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Darbinian N, Sparks EC, Darbinyan A, Merabova N, Tatevosian G, Vadachkoria E, Zhao H, Amini S, Goetzl L, Selzer ME. Maternal Blood Lipid Biomarkers of Oligodendrocyte Pathology to Predict Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders. OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY RESEARCH 2023; 6:127-138. [PMID: 38125903 PMCID: PMC10732461 DOI: 10.26502/ogr0122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Up to 9.9% of children have fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD), the most frequent cause of intellectual disability in the US. FASD may involve abnormal brain development, including dysmyelination, suggesting abnormal development of oligodendrocytes (OLs), which make myelin and are rich in lipids. Indeed, low serum levels of omega-3 fatty acids (ω-3) have been reported in FASD. Free fatty acids bind to specific receptors (FFARs). We have isolated cell type-specific fetal brain-derived exosomes (FB-E) from maternal blood and sampled their contents to search for lipid-related biomarkers that predict FASD. Methods Blood samples were collected from two groups of pregnant women: 1) those who consumed EtOH during pregnancy, and 2) non-EtOH using controls, under an IRB-approved protocol. Serum and OL-derived exosomes (OL-Es) were used to assay myelin basic protein (MBP) and FFAR by ELISA and droplet digital PCR (ddPCR), respectively. Results FFAR and MBP proteins were downregulated in the EtOH group compared to controls, and this difference was greatest in OL-Es from maternal blood compared maternal serum. Conclusion MBP and FFAR levels were reduced in OL-Es from EtOH-consuming pregnant women. The data suggest potential therapeutic targets to predict which children are at risk for developing FASD and reduce dysmyelination in developing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nune Darbinian
- Center for Neural Repair and Rehabilitation (Shriners Hospitals Pediatric Research Center), Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Emily C Sparks
- Center for Neural Repair and Rehabilitation (Shriners Hospitals Pediatric Research Center), Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Armine Darbinyan
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Nana Merabova
- Center for Neural Repair and Rehabilitation (Shriners Hospitals Pediatric Research Center), Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
- Medical College of Wisconsin-Prevea Health, Green Bay, WI 54304, USA
| | - Gabriel Tatevosian
- Center for Neural Repair and Rehabilitation (Shriners Hospitals Pediatric Research Center), Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Ekaterina Vadachkoria
- Center for Neural Repair and Rehabilitation (Shriners Hospitals Pediatric Research Center), Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Huaqing Zhao
- Center for Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Department of Biomedical Education and Data Science, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Shohreh Amini
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
| | - Laura Goetzl
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Texas, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Michael E Selzer
- Center for Neural Repair and Rehabilitation (Shriners Hospitals Pediatric Research Center), Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
- Department of Neurology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140 USA
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7
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Zhan H, Cheng L, Wang X, Jin H, Liu Y, Li H, Liu D, Zhang X, Zheng W, Hao H, Li Y. Myelin basic protein and index for neuro-Behçet's disease. Clin Immunol 2023; 250:109286. [PMID: 36907539 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2023.109286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2023]
Abstract
Neuro-Behçet's disease (NBD) contributes to poor prognosis in BD patients which lacks reliable laboratory biomarkers in assessing intrathecal injury. This study aimed to determine the diagnostic value of myelin basic protein (MBP), an indicator of central nervous system (CNS) myelin damage, in NBD patients and disease controls. Paired samples of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum MBP were measured using ELISA, while IgG and Alb were routinely examined before the MBP index was developed. CSF and serum MBP in NBD were significantly higher than in NIND, which could distinguish NBD from NIND with a specificity exceeding 90%, moreover, they could also be excellent discriminators for acute NBD and chronic progressive ones . We found positive linkage between MBP index and IgG index. Serial MBP monitoring confirmed serum MBP's sensitive response to disease recurrence and drug effects, whereas MBP index suggests relapse prior to clinical symptoms. MBP has high diagnostic yield for NBD with demyelination and identifies CNS pathogenic processes before imaging or clinical diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoting Zhan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, State key Laboratory of Complex, Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Linlin Cheng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, State key Laboratory of Complex, Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoou Wang
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College; National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases (NCRC-DID), Ministry of Science & Technology; State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases; Key Laboratory of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Haiqiang Jin
- Department of neurology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yongmei Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, State key Laboratory of Complex, Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Haolong Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, State key Laboratory of Complex, Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Dandan Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xinyao Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wenjie Zheng
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College; National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases (NCRC-DID), Ministry of Science & Technology; State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases; Key Laboratory of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100730, China.
| | - Hongjun Hao
- Department of neurology, Neuroimmunology Laboratory, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China.
| | - Yongzhe Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, State key Laboratory of Complex, Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
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Minigalieva IA, Ryabova YV, Shelomencev IG, Amromin LA, Minigalieva RF, Sutunkova YM, Privalova LI, Sutunkova MP. Analysis of Experimental Data on Changes in Various Structures and Functions of the Rat Brain following Intranasal Administration of Fe 2O 3 Nanoparticles. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043572. [PMID: 36834983 PMCID: PMC9967545 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Particulate matter, including iron nanoparticles, is one of the constituents of ambient air pollution. We assessed the effect of iron oxide (Fe2O3) nanoparticles on the structure and function of the brain of rats. Electron microscopy showed Fe2O3 nanoparticles in the tissues of olfactory bulbs but not in the basal ganglia of the brain after their subchronic intranasal administration. We observed an increase in the number of axons with damaged myelin sheaths and in the proportion of pathologically altered mitochondria in the brains of the exposed animals against the background of almost stable blood parameters. We conclude that the central nervous system can be a target for toxicity of low-dose exposure to Fe2O3 nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilzira A. Minigalieva
- Yekaterinburg Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial Workers, 30 Popov Street, 620014 Yekaterinburg, Russia
- Laboratory of Stochastic Transport of Nanoparticles in Living Systems, Laboratory of Multi-Scale Mathematical Modeling, Ural Federal University, 51 Lenin Avenue, 620002 Yekaterinburg, Russia
- Correspondence:
| | - Yuliya V. Ryabova
- Yekaterinburg Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial Workers, 30 Popov Street, 620014 Yekaterinburg, Russia
- Laboratory of Stochastic Transport of Nanoparticles in Living Systems, Laboratory of Multi-Scale Mathematical Modeling, Ural Federal University, 51 Lenin Avenue, 620002 Yekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Ivan G. Shelomencev
- Yekaterinburg Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial Workers, 30 Popov Street, 620014 Yekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Lev A. Amromin
- Yekaterinburg Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial Workers, 30 Popov Street, 620014 Yekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Regina F. Minigalieva
- Yekaterinburg Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial Workers, 30 Popov Street, 620014 Yekaterinburg, Russia
- Laboratory of Stochastic Transport of Nanoparticles in Living Systems, Laboratory of Multi-Scale Mathematical Modeling, Ural Federal University, 51 Lenin Avenue, 620002 Yekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Yuliya M. Sutunkova
- Yekaterinburg Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial Workers, 30 Popov Street, 620014 Yekaterinburg, Russia
- Laboratory of Stochastic Transport of Nanoparticles in Living Systems, Laboratory of Multi-Scale Mathematical Modeling, Ural Federal University, 51 Lenin Avenue, 620002 Yekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Larisa I. Privalova
- Yekaterinburg Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial Workers, 30 Popov Street, 620014 Yekaterinburg, Russia
- Laboratory of Stochastic Transport of Nanoparticles in Living Systems, Laboratory of Multi-Scale Mathematical Modeling, Ural Federal University, 51 Lenin Avenue, 620002 Yekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Marina P. Sutunkova
- Yekaterinburg Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial Workers, 30 Popov Street, 620014 Yekaterinburg, Russia
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White Matter Injury: An Emerging Potential Target for Treatment after Subarachnoid Hemorrhage. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2023; 2023:3842493. [PMID: 36798684 PMCID: PMC9928519 DOI: 10.1155/2023/3842493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) refers to vascular brain injury mainly from a ruptured aneurysm, which has a high lifetime risk and imposes a substantial burden on patients, families, and society. Previous studies on SAH mainly focused on neurons in gray matter (GM). However, according to literature reports in recent years, in-depth research on the mechanism of white matter (WM) is of great significance to injury and recovery after SAH. In terms of functional recovery after SAH, all kinds of cells in the central nervous system (CNS) should be protected. In other words, it is necessary to protect not only GM but also WM, not only neurons but also glial cells and axons, and not only for the lesion itself but also for the prevention and treatment of remote damage. Clarifying the mechanism of white matter injury (WMI) and repair after SAH is of great importance. Therefore, this present review systematically summarizes the current research on WMI after SAH, which might provide therapeutic targets for treatment after SAH.
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10
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Shang Y, Wang Y, Guo Y, Ren L, Zhang X, Wang S, Zhang C, Cai J. Analysis of the risk of traumatic brain injury and evaluation neurogranin and myelin basic protein as potential biomarkers of traumatic brain injury in postmortem examination. Forensic Sci Med Pathol 2022; 18:288-298. [PMID: 35201602 DOI: 10.1007/s12024-022-00459-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In forensic pathology, traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a frequently encountered cause of death. Unfortunately, the statistic autopsy data, risk investigation about injury patterns, and circumstances of TBI are still sparse. Estimates of survival time post-TBI and postmortem diagnosis of TBI are especially important implications in forensic medicine. Neurogranin (Ng) and myelin basic protein (MBP) represent potential biomarkers of TBI. The present study analyzed retrospectively the forensic autopsy records of TBI cases at a university center of medico-legal investigation from 2008 to 2020. Immunohistochemistry and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) were used to investigate the expression changes of Ng and MBP in the cortical brain injury adjacent tissues and serum, respectively, from cases of TBI at autopsy with different survival times post-TBI. The results show that the major mechanism of death of TBI is assault, and accident was the major manner of death. Ng and MBP are mainly expressed in the cortical nerve cells and the myelin sheath, respectively. The serum levels of Ng and MBP in each TBI group were higher compared with those in the controls. The brain cortical levels of Ng and MBP decreased at first and then steadily increased with extended survival time post-TBI. The immunopositive ratios and serum concentration of Ng and MBP have shown significant differences among control group and all TBI group (p < 0.001). Collectively, the immunohistochemical analyses of Ng and MBP in human brain tissues may be useful to determine the survival time after TBI, and Ng and MBP level in the human blood specimens could be considered as a postmortem diagnostic tools of TBI in forensic practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjie Shang
- Department of Forensic Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Yuxin Wang
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Yadong Guo
- Department of Forensic Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Lipin Ren
- Department of Forensic Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Xiangyan Zhang
- Department of Forensic Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Shujuan Wang
- Department of Forensic Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Changquan Zhang
- Department of Forensic Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China.
| | - Jifeng Cai
- Department of Forensic Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China.
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11
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Bray CE, Witcher KG, Adekunle-Adegbite D, Ouvina M, Witzel M, Hans E, Tapp ZM, Packer J, Goodman E, Zhao F, Chunchai T, O'Neil S, Chattipakorn SC, Sheridan J, Kokiko-Cochran ON, Askwith C, Godbout JP. Chronic Cortical Inflammation, Cognitive Impairment, and Immune Reactivity Associated with Diffuse Brain Injury Are Ameliorated by Forced Turnover of Microglia. J Neurosci 2022; 42:4215-4228. [PMID: 35440489 PMCID: PMC9121837 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1910-21.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is associated with an increased risk of cognitive, psychiatric, and neurodegenerative complications that may develop after injury. Increased microglial reactivity following TBI may underlie chronic neuroinflammation, neuropathology, and exaggerated responses to immune challenges. Therefore, the goal of this study was to force turnover of trauma-associated microglia that develop after diffuse TBI and determine whether this alleviated chronic inflammation, improved functional recovery and attenuated reduced immune reactivity to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge. Male mice received a midline fluid percussion injury (mFPI) and 7 d later were subjected to a forced microglia turnover paradigm using CSF1R antagonism (PLX5622). At 30 d postinjury (dpi), cortical gene expression, dendritic complexity, myelin content, neuronal connectivity, cognition, and immune reactivity were assessed. Myriad neuropathology-related genes were increased 30 dpi in the cortex, and 90% of these gene changes were reversed by microglial turnover. Reduced neuronal connectivity was evident 30 dpi and these deficits were attenuated by microglial turnover. TBI-associated dendritic remodeling and myelin alterations, however, remained 30 dpi independent of microglial turnover. In assessments of functional recovery, increased depressive-like behavior, and cognitive impairment 30 dpi were ameliorated by microglia turnover. To investigate microglial priming and reactivity 30 dpi, mice were injected intraperitoneally with LPS. This immune challenge caused prolonged lethargy, sickness behavior, and microglial reactivity in the TBI mice. These extended complications with LPS in TBI mice were prevented by microglia turnover. Collectively, microglial turnover 7 dpi alleviated behavioral and cognitive impairments associated with microglial priming and immune reactivity 30 dpi.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT A striking feature of traumatic brain injury (TBI), even mild injuries, is that over 70% of individuals have long-term neuropsychiatric complications. Chronic inflammatory processes are implicated in the pathology of these complications and these issues can be exaggerated by immune challenge. Therefore, our goal was to force the turnover of microglia 7 d after TBI. This subacute 7 d postinjury (dpi) time point is a critical transitional period in the shift toward chronic inflammatory processes and microglia priming. This forced microglia turnover intervention in mice attenuated the deficits in behavior and cognition 30 dpi. Moreover, microglia priming and immune reactivity after TBI were also reduced with microglia turnover. Therefore, microglia represent therapeutic targets after TBI to reduce persistent neuroinflammation and improve recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea E Bray
- Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Kristina G Witcher
- Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | | | - Michelle Ouvina
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Mollie Witzel
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Emma Hans
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Zoe M Tapp
- Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Jonathan Packer
- Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Ethan Goodman
- Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Fangli Zhao
- Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Titikorn Chunchai
- Neurophysiology unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Shane O'Neil
- Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Siriporn C Chattipakorn
- Neurophysiology unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - John Sheridan
- Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Olga N Kokiko-Cochran
- Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
- Chronic Brain Injury Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Candice Askwith
- Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Jonathan P Godbout
- Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
- Chronic Brain Injury Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
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12
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Kuryata OV, Kushnir YS, Nedzvetsky VS, Korsa VV, Tykhomyrov AA. Serum Levels of the Biomarkers Associated with Astrocytosis, Neurodegeneration, and Demyelination: Neurological Benefits of Citicoline Treatment of Patients with Ischemic Stroke and Atrial Fibrillation. NEUROPHYSIOLOGY+ 2021; 53:2-12. [PMID: 34866692 PMCID: PMC8630515 DOI: 10.1007/s11062-021-09907-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is a main complication of atrial fibrillation (cardiac arrhythmia). The aim of our study was to estimate the effects of citicoline (CDP-choline) therapy on the levels of circulating neurospecific protein markers in serum of the patients with ischemic stroke and atrial fibrillation. Fiftyfour patients (mean age 76 years) treated with citicoline in a dose of 2.0 g daily intravenously for 12 to 14 days in addition to basic treatment formed the examined group. Thirty-two patients (mean age 68.5 years) obtained only standard therapy and formed the control group. Serum levels of neuronal and glial protein markers, including glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), a neurofilament light subunit (NF-L), myelin basic protein (MBP), and ionized calcium-binding adaptor molecule 1 (Iba1), were measured in patients of both groups before and after treatment; an immunoblotting technique followed by densitometry analysis were used. Supplementary citicoline treatment provided significant reductions of the levels of GFAP (33%, P = 0.034), NF-L (27%, P = 0.019), and MBP (32%, P = 0.018), as compared to the initial values, while there were no marked changes in the studied parameters in the control group. The results obtained allow us to hypothesize that therapeutic benefit of citicoline in patients with ischemic stroke and atrial fibrillation can be mediated through increasing neuronal viability, protecting against axonal injury, decreasing the level of reactive astrogliosis, preventing deficiencies in the blood-brain integrity, and reducing the intensity of demyelination. However, citicoline administration exerted no effect on the blood content of microglial marker Iba-1, thus possibly preserving an important functional significance of microglia, which is needed to resolve local inflammation and clear cellular debris, and also provide protective factors to reduce cell injury in the ischemic brain. The obtained results indicate that serum levels of neurospecific biomarkers are significant and clinically relevant indices of the efficiency of treatment of the above-mentioned pathologies and can be used for further investigations of the stroke pathophysiology and molecular mechanisms of nootropic-mediated neuroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - V. S. Nedzvetsky
- Bingöl University, Bingöl, Turkey
- Oles Honchar Dnipro National University, Dnipro, Ukraine
| | - V. V. Korsa
- Palladin Institute of Biochemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - A. A. Tykhomyrov
- Palladin Institute of Biochemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
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13
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Xue J, Zhu Y, Liu Z, Lin J, Li Y, Li Y, Zhuo Y. Demyelination of the Optic Nerve: An Underlying Factor in Glaucoma? Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:701322. [PMID: 34795572 PMCID: PMC8593209 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.701322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders are characterized by typical neuronal degeneration and axonal loss in the central nervous system (CNS). Demyelination occurs when myelin or oligodendrocytes experience damage. Pathological changes in demyelination contribute to neurodegenerative diseases and worsen clinical symptoms during disease progression. Glaucoma is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive degeneration of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and the optic nerve. Since it is not yet well understood, we hypothesized that demyelination could play a significant role in glaucoma. Therefore, this study started with the morphological and functional manifestations of demyelination in the CNS. Then, we discussed the main mechanisms of demyelination in terms of oxidative stress, mitochondrial damage, and immuno-inflammatory responses. Finally, we summarized the existing research on the relationship between optic nerve demyelination and glaucoma, aiming to inspire effective treatment plans for glaucoma in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingfei Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yingting Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhe Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jicheng Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yangjiani Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yiqing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yehong Zhuo
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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14
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Ashvetiya T, Fan SX, Chen YJ, Williams CH, O’Connell JR, Perry JA, Hong CC. Identification of novel genetic susceptibility loci for thoracic and abdominal aortic aneurysms via genome-wide association study using the UK Biobank Cohort. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0247287. [PMID: 34469433 PMCID: PMC8409653 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0247287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thoracic aortic aneurysm (TAA) and abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) are known to have a strong genetic component. METHODS AND RESULTS In a genome-wide association study (GWAS) using the UK Biobank, we analyzed the genomes of 1,363 individuals with AAA compared to 27,260 age, ancestry, and sex-matched controls (1:20 case:control study design). A similar analysis was repeated for 435 individuals with TAA compared to 8,700 controls. Polymorphism with minor allele frequency (MAF) >0.5% were evaluated. We identified novel loci near LINC01021, ATOH8 and JAK2 genes that achieved genome-wide significance for AAA (p-value <5x10-8), in addition to three known loci. For TAA, three novel loci in CTNNA3, FRMD6 and MBP achieved genome-wide significance. There was no overlap in the genes associated with AAAs and TAAs. Additionally, we identified a linkage group of high-frequency variants (MAFs ~10%) encompassing FBN1, the causal gene for Marfan syndrome, which was associated with TAA. In FinnGen PheWeb, this FBN1 haplotype was associated with aortic dissection. Finally, we found that baseline bradycardia was associated with TAA, but not AAA. CONCLUSIONS Our GWAS found that AAA and TAA were associated with distinct sets of genes, suggesting distinct underlying genetic architecture. We also found association between baseline bradycardia and TAA. These findings, including JAK2 association, offer plausible mechanistic and therapeutic insights. We also found a common FBN1 linkage group that is associated with TAA and aortic dissection in patients who do not have Marfan syndrome. These FBN1 variants suggest shared pathophysiology between Marfan disease and sporadic TAA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Ashvetiya
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Sherry X. Fan
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Yi-Ju Chen
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Charles H. Williams
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jeffery R. O’Connell
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - James A. Perry
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Charles C. Hong
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
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15
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Serum Biomarkers for the Diagnosis of Glaucoma. Diagnostics (Basel) 2020; 11:diagnostics11010020. [PMID: 33374330 PMCID: PMC7823527 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11010020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the importance of the early detection of glaucoma, most patients with progressive glaucoma show minimal symptoms. We aimed to evaluate biomarkers for glaucoma diagnosis in Korea. Forty-two volunteers with/without open-angle glaucoma were enrolled from January through October 2015—divided into a control or open-angle glaucoma group, which was further divided into normal-tension glaucoma (NTG) and high-tension glaucoma (HTG) groups—and underwent assessments for myelin basic protein (MBP), heat shock protein 60, anti-Sjögren’s-syndrome-related antigen A (SSA) and antigen B (SSB), anti-α-fodrin, and anti-nucleic acid. The glaucoma group showed a higher serum MBP level and lower serum anti-α-fodrin antibody level than the control group (p < 0.05). The NTG group showed higher serum anti-SSA and anti-SSB levels and lower anti-α-fodrin IgG/IgA levels than the HTG group. In the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, the area under the curve (AUC) for serum MBP level was 0.917 in discriminating between controls and patients with glaucoma. Between the NTG and HTG groups, anti-SSA, anti-SSB, and anti-α-fodrin IgG/IgA levels showed an AUC above 0.8. Thus, these biomarkers were useful for diagnosing glaucoma and discriminating between controls and patients with glaucoma, and patients with NTG and HTG.
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16
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Large-scale informatic analysis to algorithmically identify blood biomarkers of neurological damage. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:20764-20775. [PMID: 32764143 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2007719117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The identification of precision blood biomarkers which can accurately indicate damage to brain tissue could yield molecular diagnostics with the potential to improve how we detect and treat neurological pathologies. However, a majority of candidate blood biomarkers for neurological damage that are studied today are proteins which were arbitrarily proposed several decades before the advent of high-throughput omic techniques, and it is unclear whether they represent the best possible targets relative to the remainder of the human proteome. Here, we leveraged mRNA expression data generated from nearly 12,000 human specimens to algorithmically evaluate over 17,000 protein-coding genes in terms of their potential to produce blood biomarkers for neurological damage based on their expression profiles both across the body and within the brain. The circulating levels of proteins associated with the top-ranked genes were then measured in blood sampled from a diverse cohort of patients diagnosed with a variety of acute and chronic neurological disorders, including ischemic stroke, hemorrhagic stroke, traumatic brain injury, Alzheimer's disease, and multiple sclerosis, and evaluated for their diagnostic performance. Our analysis identifies several previously unexplored candidate blood biomarkers of neurological damage with possible clinical utility, many of which whose presence in blood is likely linked to specific cell-level pathologic processes. Furthermore, our findings also suggest that many frequently cited previously proposed blood biomarkers exhibit expression profiles which could limit their diagnostic efficacy.
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