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Pierson SR, Kolling LJ, James TD, Pushpavathi SG, Marcinkiewcz CA. Serotonergic dysfunction may mediate the relationship between alcohol consumption and Alzheimer's disease. Pharmacol Res 2024; 203:107171. [PMID: 38599469 PMCID: PMC11088857 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
The impact of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and its related dementias is rapidly expanding, and its mitigation remains an urgent social and technical challenge. To date there are no effective treatments or interventions for AD, but recent studies suggest that alcohol consumption is correlated with the risk of developing dementia. In this review, we synthesize data from preclinical, clinical, and epidemiological models to evaluate the combined role of alcohol consumption and serotonergic dysfunction in AD, underscoring the need for further research on this topic. We first discuss the limitations inherent to current data-collection methods, and how neuropsychiatric symptoms common among AD, alcohol use disorder, and serotonergic dysfunction may mask their co-occurrence. We additionally describe how excess alcohol consumption may accelerate the development of AD via direct effects on serotonergic function, and we explore the roles of neuroinflammation and proteostasis in mediating the relationship between serotonin, alcohol consumption, and AD. Lastly, we argue for a shift in current research to disentangle the pathogenic effects of alcohol on early-affected brainstem structures in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha R Pierson
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Iowa, United States
| | - Louis J Kolling
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Iowa, United States
| | - Thomas D James
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Iowa, United States
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Wei X, Tan Y, Ke C, Cao Y, Xie Z, Yuan L, Pan J, Zhang W. Is the combination of acupuncture and Western medicine superior to monotherapy in the treatment of patients with Alzheimer's disease: A protocol for systematic review and network meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e32093. [PMID: 36550850 PMCID: PMC9771294 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000032093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer disease (AD) is a common cause of dementia, and there are still a lack of treatment options to reverse or prevent disease progression. Existing evidence shows that acupuncture has advantages in the treatment of AD, but whether the efficacy of acupuncture belongs to the placebo effect remains controversial, and there is no strict systematic review and network meta-analysis to evaluate the efficacy and safety of acupuncture combined with Western medicine in the treatment of AD. METHODS From the inception to February 2023, the Embase, Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature, Medline, the Cochrane Collaboration's Controlled Clinical Trials, Scopus, China Biomedical Literature Database, Wanfang Database, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and Australian Medical Index will be searched using the key phrases "acupuncture," "warm needling," "electroacupuncture," "Alzheimer disease," and "cohort" for all relevant studies. Quality assessment of all studies included in this review will be independently assessed by 2 reviewers using the Cochrane Collaborations tool. When significant heterogeneity is indicated, we will find the source of heterogeneity by subgroup or sensitivity analysis. DISCUSSION This study will evaluate the efficacy of acupuncture combined with Western medicine in improving cognitive function and activities of daily living in AD patients. The results of this study will verify whether the efficacy of acupuncture in the treatment of AD belongs to the placebo effect, which will also provide a reference for the clinical use of acupuncture combined with Western medicine in the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinran Wei
- Department of Acupuncture, Moxibustion, Tuina and Rehabilitation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan province, China
| | - Yan Tan
- Hunan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan province, China
| | - Chao Ke
- Hunan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan province, China
| | - Yang Cao
- Department of Acupuncture, Moxibustion, Tuina and Rehabilitation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan province, China
| | - Zhengrong Xie
- Hunan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan province, China
| | - Liumei Yuan
- Hunan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan province, China
| | - Jiang Pan
- Department of Acupuncture, Moxibustion, Tuina and Rehabilitation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan province, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Acupuncture, Moxibustion, Tuina and Rehabilitation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan province, China
- * Correspondence: Wei Zhang, Department of Acupuncture, Moxibustion, Tuina and Rehabilitation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan province, 410007, China (e-mail: )
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Bagheri S, Saboury AA. What role do metals play in Alzheimer's disease? JOURNAL OF THE IRANIAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13738-021-02181-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol use has been identified as a risk factor for dementia and cognitive decline. However, some patterns of drinking have been associated with beneficial effects. METHODS AND RESULTS To clarify the relationship between alcohol use and dementia, we conducted a scoping review based on a systematic search of systematic reviews published from January 2000 to October 2017 by using Medline, Embase, and PsycINFO. Overall, 28 systematic reviews were identified: 20 on the associations between the level of alcohol use and the incidence of cognitive impairment/dementia, six on the associations between dimensions of alcohol use and specific brain functions, and two on induced dementias. Although causality could not be established, light to moderate alcohol use in middle to late adulthood was associated with a decreased risk of cognitive impairment and dementia. Heavy alcohol use was associated with changes in brain structures, cognitive impairments, and an increased risk of all types of dementia. CONCLUSION Reducing heavy alcohol use may be an effective dementia prevention strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jürgen Rehm
- Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, CAMH, 33 Russell Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 2S1 Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, 27 King’s College Circle, Toronto, M5S 1A1 Ontario Canada
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, CAMH, 250 College Street, Toronto, M5T 1R8 Ontario Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Medical Sciences Building, 1 King’s College Circle, Toronto, M5S 1A8 Ontario Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, 250 College Street, Toronto, M5T 1R8 Ontario Canada
- Institute for Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Technische Universität Dresden, Chemnitzer Str. 46, Dresden, 01187 Germany
| | - Omer S. M. Hasan
- Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, CAMH, 33 Russell Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 2S1 Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, 27 King’s College Circle, Toronto, M5S 1A1 Ontario Canada
| | - Sandra E. Black
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Medical Sciences Building, 1 King’s College Circle, Toronto, M5S 1A8 Ontario Canada
- Department of Medicine (Neurology), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre and University of Toronto, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Toronto, M4N 3M5 Ontario Canada
- Hurvitz Brain Sciences Research Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, M4N 3M5 Ontario Canada
| | - Kevin D. Shield
- Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, CAMH, 33 Russell Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 2S1 Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, 27 King’s College Circle, Toronto, M5S 1A1 Ontario Canada
| | - Michaël Schwarzinger
- Translational Health Economics Network (THEN), 39 quai de Valmy, Paris, 75010 Paris France
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5
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Risk factors associated with the onset and progression of Alzheimer’s disease: A systematic review of the evidence. Neurotoxicology 2017; 61:143-187. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2017.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Buccarello L, Grignaschi G, Di Giancamillo A, Domeneghini C, Melcangi RC, Borsello T. Neuroprotective effects of low fat-protein diet in the P301L mouse model of tauopathy. Neuroscience 2017; 354:208-220. [PMID: 28456717 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2017.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Revised: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Tauopathies are a class of neurodegenerative diseases associated with the pathological aggregation of tau protein in the human brain. Although numerous studies in mouse models of Alzheimer disease (AD) have shown a correlation among diet, beta-amyloid and AD onset, little is known about the impact of diet on Tau. We investigated whether a low fat-protein diet (LFPD) may improve lifespan, cognitive and locomotor activity in P301L-tg mouse model of tauopathy. Our data indicate that LFPD has a beneficial effect on these parameters. Tg mice fed with standard diet shown a decrease in body weight, food intake and survival rate if compared to wild type animals. In contrast, LFPD counteracted weight loss, increased mortality and ameliorated cognitive and locomotor performances in tg mice. LFPD also reduced the abnormal accumulation of agglomerates of P-Tau (pathological features of tauopathies) and the expression of apoptotic markers (i.e., TUNEL immunopositive neurons) in the prefrontal cerebral cortex and hippocampus of P301L-tg mice. Interestingly, some of these effects are sex-dependent. For instance, tg females, but not males, fed with LFPD had a significant increase of body weight and a reduction of P-Tau agglomerates compared to tg fed with standard diet. These changes correlated with a more pronounced improvement of cognition and locomotor activity in females than in male tg fed with LFPD. Altogether, these results suggest a sex dependent neuroprotective effect of LFPD in P301L-tg mice, suggesting that lifestyle intervention strategies may be clinically relevant for delaying the onset of cognitive impairment and dementia, especially in females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Buccarello
- Department of Neuroscience, IRCCS-Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research, Milan, Italy; Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety, Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy
| | - Giuliano Grignaschi
- Department of Animal Welfare, IRCCS-Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessia Di Giancamillo
- Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety, Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy
| | - Cinzia Domeneghini
- Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety, Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy
| | - Roberto Cosimo Melcangi
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy
| | - Tiziana Borsello
- Department of Neuroscience, IRCCS-Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research, Milan, Italy; Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy.
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8
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Himmerich H, Erbguth F. [Nutrition and dietary supplements in psychiatric diseases]. DER NERVENARZT 2015; 85:1512-20. [PMID: 25421417 DOI: 10.1007/s00115-014-4163-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Nutrition and specific nutritional supplements can have prophylactic or therapeutic properties with respect to certain psychiatric disorders. A traditional Mediterranean diet, for example, seems to have prophylactic benefits against depression and dementia, whereas overeating and obesity increase the risk for both.Although evidence for nutritional supplements in the treatment of psychiatric disorders is not sufficient for general recommendations, data from observational studies and randomized controlled trials (RCT) seem to point to their use for specific indications. Folate, S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), for instance, seem to have antidepressant properties, zinc may be beneficial in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) could reduce extrapyramidal side effects of antipsychotics and N-acetylcysteine (NAC) seems to be effective against negative symptoms, abnormal movements and akathisia in schizophrenia.Psychiatric disorders, in turn, may lead to deficiency of mineral nutrients and vitamins. For instance, vitamin B1 (thiamine) deficiency is common in alcohol-dependent patients and should therefore be considered during withdrawal treatment. Although vitamin malnutrition is uncommon in developed countries, vitamin deficiency syndromes, such as pernicious anemia or Wernicke's encephalopathy are still relevant differential diagnoses.Some psychopharmacological drugs may additionally change the nutritional habits of the patients in an unfavorable way leading to weight gain and obesity and the risk for further psychiatric problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Himmerich
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Medizinische Fakultät, Universitätsklinikum Leipzig, Semmelweisstr. 10, 04103, Leipzig, Deutschland,
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Swaminathan A, Jicha GA. Nutrition and prevention of Alzheimer's dementia. Front Aging Neurosci 2014; 6:282. [PMID: 25368575 PMCID: PMC4202787 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2014.00282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2014] [Accepted: 09/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A nutritional approach to prevent, slow, or halt the progression of disease is a promising strategy that has been widely investigated. Much epidemiologic data suggests that nutritional intake may influence the development and progression of Alzheimer’s dementia (AD). Modifiable, environmental causes of AD include potential metabolic derangements caused by dietary insufficiency and or excess that may be corrected by nutritional supplementation and or dietary modification. Many nutritional supplements contain a myriad of health promoting constituents (anti-oxidants, vitamins, trace minerals, flavonoids, lipids, …etc.) that may have novel mechanisms of action affecting cellular health and regeneration, the aging process itself, or may specifically disrupt pathogenic pathways in the development of AD. Nutritional modifications have the advantage of being cost effective, easy to implement, socially acceptable and generally safe and devoid of significant adverse events in most cases. Many nutritional interventions have been studied and continue to be evaluated in hopes of finding a successful agent, combination of agents, or dietary modifications that can be used for the prevention and or treatment of AD. The current review focuses on several key nutritional compounds and dietary modifications that have been studied in humans, and further discusses the rationale underlying their potential utility for the prevention and treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun Swaminathan
- Department of Neurology and Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Gregory A Jicha
- Department of Neurology and Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky Lexington, KY, USA
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Abubakari AR, Naderali MM, Naderali EK. Omega-3 fatty acid supplementation and cognitive function: are smaller dosages more beneficial? Int J Gen Med 2014; 7:463-73. [PMID: 25278774 PMCID: PMC4179753 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s67065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
As longevity increases, so does the global prevalence of cognitive dysfunction. Numerous lifestyle and/or dietary interventions such as omega-3 fatty acids have been suggested to improve memory. Therefore, this study examined the consistency and strength of the impact of supplementation of omega-3 fatty acids on overall cognitive function using systematic reviews and meta-analytic methods. Of 905 studies retrieved from all searches, 12 randomized controlled trials were included in the meta-analysis. There were differences between studies reporting outcomes for single memory function parameters. Subgroup analysis of doses used (low versus high) indicated that subjects receiving low (<1.73 g/day) doses of omega-3 fatty acids had a significant reduction in cognitive decline rate (−0.07, 95% confidence interval −0.01, −0.02) but there was no evidence for beneficial effects at higher doses (+0.04, 95% confidence interval −0.06, +0.14) compared with the placebo group. This study suggests that omega-3 fatty acids may be beneficial in preventing memory decline at lower doses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ebrahim K Naderali
- School of Health Sciences, Liverpool Hope University, Hope Park Campus, Liverpool, UK
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11
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Dhurandhar EJ, Allison DB, van Groen T, Kadish I. Hunger in the absence of caloric restriction improves cognition and attenuates Alzheimer's disease pathology in a mouse model. PLoS One 2013; 8:e60437. [PMID: 23565247 PMCID: PMC3614512 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0060437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2012] [Accepted: 02/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been shown that caloric restriction (CR) delays aging and possibly delays the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD). We conjecture that the mechanism may involve interoceptive cues, rather than reduced energy intake per se. We determined that hunger alone, induced by a ghrelin agonist, reduces AD pathology and improves cognition in the APP-SwDI mouse model of AD. Long-term treatment with a ghrelin agonist was sufficient to improve the performance in the water maze. The treatment also reduced levels of amyloid beta (Aβ) and inflammation (microglial activation) at 6 months of age compared to the control group, similar to the effect of CR. Thus, a hunger-inducing drug attenuates AD pathology, in the absence of CR, and the neuroendocrine aspects of hunger also prevent age-related cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily J. Dhurandhar
- School of Public Health, Office of Energetics, Nutrition Obesity Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - David B. Allison
- School of Public Health, Office of Energetics, Nutrition Obesity Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Thomas van Groen
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, Nutrition Obesity Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Inga Kadish
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, Nutrition Obesity Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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12
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Opie RS, Ralston RA, Walker KZ. Adherence to a Mediterranean-style diet can slow the rate of cognitive decline and decrease the risk of dementia: a systematic review. Nutr Diet 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/1747-0080.12016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rachelle Sara Opie
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics; Monash University; Clayton; Victoria; Australia
| | - Robin A. Ralston
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics; Monash University; Clayton; Victoria; Australia
| | - Karen Z. Walker
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics; Monash University; Clayton; Victoria; Australia
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Martins IJ, Wilson AC, Lim WLF, Laws SM, Fuller SJ, Martins RN. Sirtuin-1 mediates the obesity induced risk of common degenerative diseases: Alzheimer’s disease, coronary artery disease and type 2 diabetes. Health (London) 2012. [DOI: 10.4236/health.2012.412a209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Marques SCF, Oliveira CR, Pereira CMF, Outeiro TF. Epigenetics in neurodegeneration: a new layer of complexity. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2011; 35:348-55. [PMID: 20736041 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2010.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2010] [Revised: 07/14/2010] [Accepted: 08/11/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Several diseases are known to have a multifactorial origin, depending not only on genetic but also on environmental factors. They are called "complex disorders" and include cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, and neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative diseases. In the latter class, Alzheimer's (AD) and Parkinson's diseases (PD) are by far the most common in the elderly and constitute a tremendous social and economical problem. Both disorders present familial and sporadic forms and although some polymorphisms and risk factors have been associated with AD and PD, the precise way by which the environment contributes to neurodegeneration is still unclear. Recent studies suggest that environmental factors may contribute for neurodegeneration through induction of epigenetic modifications, such as DNA methylation, and chromatin remodeling, which may induce alterations in gene expression programs. Epigenetics, which refers to any process that alters gene activity without changing the actual DNA sequence, and leads to modifications that can be transmitted to daughter cells, is a relatively novel area of research that is currently attracting a high level of interest. Epigenetic modulation is present since the prenatal stages, and the aging process is now accepted to be associated with a loss of phenotypic plasticity to epigenetic modifications. Since aging is the most important risk factor for idiopathic AD and PD, it is expected that epigenetic alterations on DNA and/or chromatin structure may also accumulate in neurodegeneration, accounting at least in part to the etiology of these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sueli C F Marques
- Programa Doutoral em Biologia Experimental e Biomedicina, Centro de Neurociências e Biologia Celular, Coimbra, Portugal
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Taghizadeh M, Djazayery A, Salami M, Eshraghian MR, Zavareh SAT. Vitamin-D-Free Regimen Intensifies the Spatial Learning Deficit in Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Neurosci 2011; 121:16-24. [DOI: 10.3109/00207454.2010.523132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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The role of literacy, occupation and income in dementia prevention: the São Paulo Ageing & Health Study (SPAH). Int Psychogeriatr 2010; 22:1209-15. [PMID: 20678301 DOI: 10.1017/s1041610210001213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dementia is now a major public health issue in low- and middle-income countries, and strategies for primary prevention are needed. This study aimed to estimate the proportion of cases of dementia attributable to illiteracy, non-skilled occupation and low income, which are common, potentially modifiable social adversities that occur along the lifespan in low- and middle-income countries. METHODS This report is based on data from the São Paulo Ageing & Health Study (SPAH) study (N = 2003). All individuals aged 65 years and older residing within pre-defined socially deprived areas of the city of São Paulo, Brazil, were included. The outcome of interest was prevalent dementia. Indicators of socioeconomic position (SEP) were literacy (distal indicator), highest occupational attainment (intermediate indicator), and monthly personal income (proximal indicator). We estimated the proportion of prevalent dementia attributable to each SEP indicator (illiteracy, non-skilled occupations and low income) by calculating their population attributable fractions (PAF). RESULTS Dementia was more prevalent amongst participants who were illiterate, had non-skilled occupations and lower income. Illiteracy, poor occupational achievement and low income accounted for 22.0%, 38.5% and 38.5% of the cases of dementia, respectively. There was a cumulative effect of socioeconomic adversities during the lifespan, and nearly 50% of the prevalence of dementia could be potentially attributed to the combination of two or three of the socioeconomic adversities investigated. CONCLUSIONS Public policies aimed at improving education, occupational skills and income could potentially have a role in primary prevention of dementia. Governments should address this issue in a purposeful and systematic way.
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Abstract
At present it is estimated that 25% of the population older than 85 years have significant cognitive impairment. The global prevalence of cognitive impairment and dementia including Alzheimer's disease is expected to rise significantly in proportion to increased life expectancy. Deterioration of memory function and ultimately establishment of Alzheimer's disease (AD) severely debilitates the affected individual, uncompromisingly decreasing the quality of life of both affected patients and their care givers. Moreover, the cost of providing adequate care to patients with AD is a significant burden to both family and the health care providers. Therefore, various attempts have been made to identify means of either delaying the onset of cognitive impairment or improving memory function in patients affected by AD. Among a number of participants, importance of dietary fatty acids in particular omega-3 based fatty acids have gained significant momentum. This article aims to review published evidences for the role of omega-3 in memory function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imose Itua
- Department of Health and Applied Social Sciences, Liverpool Hope University, Hope Park, Liverpool, UK,
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Weih M, Degirmenci Ü, Kreil S, Kornhuber J. Physical Activity and Alzheimer’s Disease. GEROPSYCH-THE JOURNAL OF GERONTOPSYCHOLOGY AND GERIATRIC PSYCHIATRY 2010. [DOI: 10.1024/1662-9647/a000005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The association between physical activity and Alzheimer’s disease is of major interest. We performed a Medline search for cohort studies. Studies on cognitive decline, case-controls, or studies without clear descriptions and duplicate publications were excluded. Overall, we included 6 cohorts of high quality (most studies were performed in elderly patients) in the overall analysis, which investigated 10,380 participants in total with 271 cases of Alzheimer’s disease. The calculated pooled odds ratio of the dichotomized endpoint physical activity Yes or High vs. No or Low and Alzheimer’s disease was 0.59 (0.50–0.69). Our results suggest that physical activity is inversely associated with Alzheimer’s disease. Future studies should address the impact of midlife physical activity on development of Alzheimer’s disease in later life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Weih
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Germany
| | - Ümüt Degirmenci
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Kreil
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Germany
| | - Johannes Kornhuber
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Germany
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Harrison FE, Allard J, Bixler R, Usoh C, Li L, May JM, McDonald MP. Antioxidants and cognitive training interact to affect oxidative stress and memory in APP/PSEN1 mice. Nutr Neurosci 2009; 12:203-18. [PMID: 19761651 DOI: 10.1179/147683009x423364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
The present study investigated the relationships among oxidative stress, beta-amyloid and cognitive abilities in the APP/PSEN1 double-transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. In two experiments, long-term dietary supplements were given to aged APP/PSEN1 mice containing vitamin C alone (1 g/kg diet; Experiment 1) or in combination with a high (750 IU/kg diet, Experiments 1 and 2) or lower (400 IU/kg diet, Experiment 2) dose of vitamin E. Oxidative stress, measured by F(4)-neuroprostanes or malondialdehyde, was elevated in cortex of control-fed APP/PSEN1 mice and reduced to wild-type levels by vitamin supplementation. High-dose vitamin E with C was less effective at reducing oxidative stress than vitamin C alone or the low vitamin E+C diet combination. The high-dose combination also impaired water maze performance in mice of both genotypes. In Experiment 2, the lower vitamin E+C treatment attenuated spatial memory deficits in APP/PSEN1 mice and improved performance in wild-type mice in the water maze. Amyloid deposition was not reduced by antioxidant supplementation in either experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- F E Harrison
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232-0475, USA.
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Murray LM, Boyd S. Protecting Personhood and Achieving Quality of Life for Older Adults With Dementia in the U.S. Health Care System. J Aging Health 2009; 21:350-73. [DOI: 10.1177/0898264308329017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Objective: As the numbers of persons diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease and related dementias increase, many questions arise pertaining to the quality of life of those diagnosed and the health care system as it relates to the provision of quality care for this population. This article examines the health disparities among older adults with dementia, emphasizing the protection of personhood and quality of life, along with a review of the barriers to health care access and utilization of persons living with dementia. Method: This literature review utilized electronic databases and other documents. Results: The findings suggest that while progress has been realized toward protecting personhood and achieving an improved quality of life among older adults with dementia in the U.S. health care system challenges still exist. Discussion: The implications of current and future public policy, avenues for further research, and strategies by which the health care community may better serve persons with dementia are outlined.
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The potential role of nutritional components in the management of Alzheimer's Disease. Eur J Pharmacol 2008; 585:197-207. [PMID: 18374332 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2008.01.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2007] [Revised: 12/28/2007] [Accepted: 01/21/2008] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological evidence linking nutrition to the incidence and risk of Alzheimer Disease is rapidly increasing. The specific nutritional deficiencies in Alzheimer patients may suggest a relative shortage of specific macro- and micronutrients. These include omega-3 fatty acids, several B-vitamins and antioxidants such as vitamins E and C. Recent mechanistic studies in cell systems and animal models also support the idea that nutritional components are able to counteract specific aspects of the neurodegenerative and pathological processes in the brain. In addition, it has been shown that several nutritional components can also effectively stimulate membrane formation and synapse formation as well as improve behavior and cerebrovascular health. The suggested synergy between nutritional components to improve neuronal plasticity and function is supported by epidemiological studies as well as experimental studies in animal models. The ability of nutritional compositions to stimulate synapse formation and effectively reduce Alzheimer Disease neuropathology in these preclinical models provides a solid basis to predict potential to modify the disease process, especially during the early phases of Alzheimer Disease.
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