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Qin Y, Pillidge C, Harrison B, Adhikari B. Pathways in formulating foods for the elderly. Food Res Int 2024; 186:114324. [PMID: 38729692 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2024.114324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
The growth of the elderly population worldwide is posing significant challenges to human society. The progressive physical and physiological changes occur with aging, including decreased appetite, incomplete digestion, and reduced absorption of nutrients. A common feature of many elderly people's diets is a deficiency in proteins (especially easily digestible ones) and micronutrients (e.g., vitamins, zinc, iron, and calcium). One of the solutions to this problem is the incorporation of these components into suitably texture-modified foods. There is a dearth of products that meet the needs of the elderly with special medical/health conditions such as dysphagia, osteoporosis, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease, as well as those who are in hospital and palliative care. Future research and development of foods for the elderly must address specific dietary needs of different subgroups of elderly people with underlying health conditions. The existence of different physical and physiological stages of the elderly means that their specific dietary requirements must be considered. This review summarizes current knowledge on nutritional requirements including those with underlying health problems and outlines the research and innovation pathways for developing new foods considering nutrition, texture, flavor, and other sensory aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Qin
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3083, Australia.
| | | | | | - Benu Adhikari
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3083, Australia; The Centre for Advanced Materials and Industrial Chemistry (CAMIC), Melbourne, VIC 3083, Australia.
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2
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Ilari S, Vitiello L, Russo P, Proietti S, Milić M, Muscoli C, Cardaci V, Tomino C, Bonassi G, Bonassi S. Daily Vegetables Intake and Response to COPD Rehabilitation. The Role of Oxidative Stress, Inflammation and DNA Damage. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13082787. [PMID: 34444947 PMCID: PMC8398833 DOI: 10.3390/nu13082787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a respiratory disease associated with airways inflammation and lung parenchyma fibrosis. The primary goals of COPD treatment are to reduce symptoms and risk of exacerbations, therefore pulmonary rehabilitation is considered the key component of managing COPD patients. Oxidative airway damage, inflammation and reduction of endogenous antioxidant enzymes are known to play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of COPD. Recently, also natural antioxidants have been considered as they play an important role in metabolism, DNA repair and fighting the effects of oxidative stress. In this paper we evaluated the response of 105 elderly COPD patients to pulmonary rehabilitation (PR), based on high or low vegetable consumption, by analyzing clinical parameters and biological measurements at baseline and after completion of the three weeks PR. We found that daily vegetable intake in normal diet, without any specific intervention, can increase the probability to successfully respond to rehabilitation (65.4% of responders ate vegetables daily vs. 40.0% of non-responders, p = 0.033). The association was especially evident in subjects ≥ 80 year of age (OR = 17.0; p < 0.019). Three weeks of pulmonary rehabilitation are probably too short to reveal a reduction of the oxidative stress and DNA damage, but are enough to show an improvement in the patient’s inflammatory state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Ilari
- Department of Health Science, Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH), University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88201 Catanzaro, Italy; (S.I.); (C.M.)
| | - Laura Vitiello
- Laboratory of Flow Cytometry, IRCCS San Raffaele Roma, 00166 Rome, Italy;
| | - Patrizia Russo
- Clinical and Molecular Epidemiology, IRCCS San Raffaele Roma, 00166 Rome, Italy; (S.P.); (S.B.)
- Department of Human Sciences and Quality of Life Promotion, San Raffaele University, 00166 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-06-5225-3409
| | - Stefania Proietti
- Clinical and Molecular Epidemiology, IRCCS San Raffaele Roma, 00166 Rome, Italy; (S.P.); (S.B.)
| | - Mirta Milić
- Mutagenesis Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Carolina Muscoli
- Department of Health Science, Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH), University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88201 Catanzaro, Italy; (S.I.); (C.M.)
| | - Vittorio Cardaci
- Pulmonary Rehabilitation Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Roma, 00166 Rome, Italy;
| | - Carlo Tomino
- Scientific Direction, IRCCS San Raffaele Roma, 00166 Rome, Italy;
| | - Gaia Bonassi
- S.C. Medicina Fisica e Riabilitazione Ospedaliera, ASL4, Azienda Sanitaria Locale Chiavarese, 16034 Chiavari, Italy;
| | - Stefano Bonassi
- Clinical and Molecular Epidemiology, IRCCS San Raffaele Roma, 00166 Rome, Italy; (S.P.); (S.B.)
- Department of Human Sciences and Quality of Life Promotion, San Raffaele University, 00166 Rome, Italy
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3
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Kaźmierczak-Barańska J, Boguszewska K, Karwowski BT. Nutrition Can Help DNA Repair in the Case of Aging. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12113364. [PMID: 33139613 PMCID: PMC7692274 DOI: 10.3390/nu12113364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Micronutrients such as vitamins and trace elements are crucial for maintaining the health of all organisms. Micronutrients are involved in every cellular/biochemical process. They play roles in proper heart and brain functioning, influence immunological responses, and antioxidant defense systems. Therefore, prolonged deficiency in one or more micronutrients leads to cardiovascular or neurodegenerative disorders. Keeping micronutrients at adequate levels is especially important for seniors. They are prone to deficiencies due to age-associated functional decline and often to a diet poor in nutrients. Moreover, lack of micronutrients has an indirect impact on the genome. Their low levels reduce the activity of antioxidant enzymes, and therefore inhibit the efficiency of defense against free radicals which can lead to the formation of DNA lesions. The more DNA damage in the genetic material, the faster aging at the cellular level and a higher risk of pathological processes (e.g., carcinogenesis). Supplementation of crucial antioxidative micronutrients such as selenium, zinc, vitamin C, and vitamin E seems to have the potential to positively influence the condition of an aging organism, including minimizing inflammation, enhancing antioxidative defense, and limiting the formation of DNA lesions. In consequence, it may lead to lowering the risk and incidence of age-related diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, and malnutrition. In this article, we attempt to present the synergistic action of selected antioxidant micronutrients (vitamin C, vitamin E, selenium, and zinc) for inhibiting oxidative stress and DNA damage, which may impede the process of healthy aging.
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Uchitomi R, Oyabu M, Kamei Y. Vitamin D and Sarcopenia: Potential of Vitamin D Supplementation in Sarcopenia Prevention and Treatment. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12103189. [PMID: 33086536 PMCID: PMC7603112 DOI: 10.3390/nu12103189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle, the largest organ in the human body, accounting for approximately 40% of body weight, plays important roles in exercise and energy expenditure. In the elderly, there is often a progressive decline in skeletal muscle mass and function, a condition known as sarcopenia, which can lead to bedridden conditions, wheelchair confinement as well as reducing the quality of life (QOL). In developed countries with aging populations, the prevention and management of sarcopenia are important for the improvement of health and life expectancy in these populations. Recently, vitamin D, a fat-soluble vitamin, has been attracting attention due to its importance in sarcopenia. This review will focus on the effects of vitamin D deficiency and supplementation on sarcopenia.
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Quillen EE, Beavers DP, O’Brien Cox A, Furdui CM, Lee J, Miller RM, Wu H, Beavers KM. Use of Metabolomic Profiling to Understand Variability in Adiposity Changes Following an Intentional Weight Loss Intervention in Older Adults. Nutrients 2020; 12:E3188. [PMID: 33086512 PMCID: PMC7603124 DOI: 10.3390/nu12103188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Inter-individual response to dietary interventions remains a major challenge to successful weight loss among older adults. This study applied metabolomics technology to identify small molecule signatures associated with a loss of fat mass and overall weight in a cohort of older adults on a nutritionally complete, high-protein diet. A total of 102 unique metabolites were measured using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) for 38 adults aged 65-80 years randomized to dietary intervention and 36 controls. Metabolite values were analyzed in both baseline plasma samples and samples collected following the six-month dietary intervention to consider both metabolites that could predict the response to diet and those that changed in response to diet or weight loss.Eight metabolites changed over the intervention at a nominally significant level: D-pantothenic acid, L-methionine, nicotinate, aniline, melatonin, deoxycarnitine, 6-deoxy-L-galactose, and 10-hydroxydecanoate. Within the intervention group, there was broad variation in the achieved weight-loss and dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA)-defined changes in total fat and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) mass. Change in the VAT mass was significantly associated with the baseline abundance of α-aminoadipate (p = 0.0007) and an additional mass spectrometry peak that may represent D-fructose, myo-inositol, mannose, α-D-glucose, allose, D-galactose, D-tagatose, or L-sorbose (p = 0.0001). This hypothesis-generating study reflects the potential of metabolomic biomarkers for the development of personalized dietary interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen E. Quillen
- Internal Medicine, Section on Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA; (E.E.Q.); (C.M.F.); (J.L.); (H.W.)
| | - Daniel P. Beavers
- Biostatistics and Data Science, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA;
| | - Anderson O’Brien Cox
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Shared Resource, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA;
| | - Cristina M. Furdui
- Internal Medicine, Section on Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA; (E.E.Q.); (C.M.F.); (J.L.); (H.W.)
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Shared Resource, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA;
| | - Jingyun Lee
- Internal Medicine, Section on Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA; (E.E.Q.); (C.M.F.); (J.L.); (H.W.)
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Shared Resource, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA;
| | - Ryan M. Miller
- Internal Medicine, Section on Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA;
| | - Hanzhi Wu
- Internal Medicine, Section on Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA; (E.E.Q.); (C.M.F.); (J.L.); (H.W.)
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Shared Resource, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA;
| | - Kristen M. Beavers
- Health and Exercise Science, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27109, USA
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Gaytán-González A, Ocampo-Alfaro MDJ, Torres-Naranjo F, González-Mendoza RG, Gil-Barreiro M, Arroniz-Rivera M, López-Taylor JR. Dietary Protein Intake Patterns and Inadequate Protein Intake in Older Adults from Four Countries. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12103156. [PMID: 33081081 PMCID: PMC7602881 DOI: 10.3390/nu12103156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent interest in protein intake per meal is observed in studies that have reported the protein intake patterns in different countries; however, comparisons of these data are lacking. We aimed to compare protein intake patterns and the percentage of inadequate protein intake (IPI) per day and meal in older adults from different countries. We acquired data of protein intake in older adults from four countries (Mexico, United States of America, Germany, and United Kingdom). We compared protein intake (per day and meal), IPI per day and meal, and the number of meals with an adequate protein content among countries. The IPI per day significantly differed among countries for <0.8 and <1.0 (both p < 0.001), but not for <1.2 g/kg/d (p = 0.135). IPI per meal (<30 g/meal) did not differ among countries at breakfast (p = 0.287) and lunch (p = 0.076) but did differ at dinner (p < 0.001). Conversely, IPI per meal (<0.4 g/kg/meal) significantly differed among countries at breakfast, lunch, and dinner (all p < 0.001). The percentage of participants that ate ≥30 g/meal or ≥0.4 g/kg/meal at zero, one, and two or three meals per day significantly differed among countries (all p < 0.05). IPI at breakfast and lunch (<30 g/meal) was a common trait in the analyzed samples and might represent an opportunity for nutritional interventions in older adults in different countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Gaytán-González
- Institute of Applied Sciences for Physical Activity and Sport, Department of Human Movement Sciences, Education, Sport, Recreation, and Dance, University Health Sciences Center, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44430, Mexico; (F.T.-N.); (R.G.G.-M.); (J.R.L.-T.)
- Department of Human Reproduction, Infantile Growth, and Development, University Health Sciences Center, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44280, Mexico
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +52-1-333-619-9708
| | | | - Francisco Torres-Naranjo
- Institute of Applied Sciences for Physical Activity and Sport, Department of Human Movement Sciences, Education, Sport, Recreation, and Dance, University Health Sciences Center, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44430, Mexico; (F.T.-N.); (R.G.G.-M.); (J.R.L.-T.)
- Center of Body Composition and Bone Research, Guadalajara 44600, Mexico
| | - Roberto Gabriel González-Mendoza
- Institute of Applied Sciences for Physical Activity and Sport, Department of Human Movement Sciences, Education, Sport, Recreation, and Dance, University Health Sciences Center, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44430, Mexico; (F.T.-N.); (R.G.G.-M.); (J.R.L.-T.)
| | - Martha Gil-Barreiro
- Geriatrics Department, Western General Hospital, Zapopan 45170, Mexico; (M.d.J.O.-A.); (M.G.-B.); (M.A.-R.)
| | - Maritza Arroniz-Rivera
- Geriatrics Department, Western General Hospital, Zapopan 45170, Mexico; (M.d.J.O.-A.); (M.G.-B.); (M.A.-R.)
| | - Juan R. López-Taylor
- Institute of Applied Sciences for Physical Activity and Sport, Department of Human Movement Sciences, Education, Sport, Recreation, and Dance, University Health Sciences Center, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44430, Mexico; (F.T.-N.); (R.G.G.-M.); (J.R.L.-T.)
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Groenendijk I, Kramer CS, den Boeft LM, Hobbelen HS, van der Putten GJ, de Groot LC. Hip Fracture Patients in Geriatric Rehabilitation Show Poor Nutritional Status, Dietary Intake and Muscle Health. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12092528. [PMID: 32825439 PMCID: PMC7551784 DOI: 10.3390/nu12092528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to gain insight into the nutritional status, dietary intake and muscle health of older Dutch hip fracture patients to prevent recurrent fractures and to underpin rehabilitation programs. This cross-sectional study enrolled 40 hip fracture patients (mean ± SD age 82 ± 8.0 years) from geriatric rehabilitation wards of two nursing homes in the Netherlands. Assessments included nutritional status (Mini Nutritional Assessment), dietary intake on three non-consecutive days which were compared with Dietary Reference Intake values, and handgrip strength. Muscle mass was measured using Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis and ultrasound scans of the rectus femoris. Malnutrition or risk of malnutrition was present in 73% of participants. Mean energy, protein, fibre and polyunsaturated fat intakes were significantly below the recommendations, while saturated fat was significantly above the UL. Protein intake was <0.8 in 46% and <1.2 g/(kg·day) in 92%. Regarding micronutrients, mean intakes of calcium, vitamin D, potassium, magnesium and selenium were significantly below the recommendations. The prevalence of low muscle mass, low handgrip strength and sarcopenia were 35, 27 and 10%, respectively. In conclusion, a poor nutritional status, dietary intake and muscle health are common in older hip fracture patients in geriatric rehabilitation wards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inge Groenendijk
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands; (C.S.K.); (L.C.P.G.M.d.G.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Charlotte S. Kramer
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands; (C.S.K.); (L.C.P.G.M.d.G.)
| | | | - Hans S.M. Hobbelen
- Department of General Practice and Elderly Care Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands;
- Research Group Healthy Ageing, Allied Health Care and Nursing, Hanze University of Applied Sciences, 9747 AS Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Gert-Jan van der Putten
- Department of Oral Function and Prosthetic Dentistry, Radboud Medical Centre, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands;
- Orpea, Dagelijks Leven, 7327 AA Apeldoorn, The Netherlands
| | - Lisette C.P.G.M. de Groot
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands; (C.S.K.); (L.C.P.G.M.d.G.)
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Fantacone ML, Lowry MB, Uesugi SL, Michels AJ, Choi J, Leonard SW, Gombart SK, Gombart JS, Bobe G, Gombart AF. The Effect of a Multivitamin and Mineral Supplement on Immune Function in Healthy Older Adults: A Double-Blind, Randomized, Controlled Trial. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12082447. [PMID: 32823974 PMCID: PMC7468989 DOI: 10.3390/nu12082447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Older adults are at increased risk for vitamin and mineral deficiencies that contribute to age-related immune system decline. Several lines of evidence suggest that taking a multi-vitamin and mineral supplement (MVM) could improve immune function in individuals 55 and older. To test this hypothesis, we provided healthy older adults with either an MVM supplement formulated to improve immune function (Redoxon® VI, Singapore) or an identical, inactive placebo control to take daily for 12 weeks. Prior to and after treatment, we measured (1) their blood mineral and vitamin status (i.e., vitamin C, zinc and vitamin D); (2) immune function (i.e., whole blood bacterial killing activity, neutrophil phagocytic activity, and reactive oxygen species production); (3) immune status (salivary IgA and plasma cytokine/chemokine levels); and (4) self-reported health status. MVM supplementation improved vitamin C and zinc status in blood and self-reported health-status without altering measures of immune function or status or vitamin D levels, suggesting that healthy older adults may benefit from MVM supplementation. Further development of functional assays and larger study populations should improve detection of specific changes in immune function after supplementation in healthy older adults. Clinical Trials Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov #NCT02876315.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary L. Fantacone
- Linus Pauling Institute, Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA;
| | - Malcolm B. Lowry
- Linus Pauling Institute, Department of Microbiology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA;
| | - Sandra L. Uesugi
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA; (S.L.U.); (A.J.M.); (J.C.); (S.W.L.); (S.K.G.); (J.S.G.)
| | - Alexander J. Michels
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA; (S.L.U.); (A.J.M.); (J.C.); (S.W.L.); (S.K.G.); (J.S.G.)
| | - Jaewoo Choi
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA; (S.L.U.); (A.J.M.); (J.C.); (S.W.L.); (S.K.G.); (J.S.G.)
| | - Scott W. Leonard
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA; (S.L.U.); (A.J.M.); (J.C.); (S.W.L.); (S.K.G.); (J.S.G.)
| | - Sean K. Gombart
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA; (S.L.U.); (A.J.M.); (J.C.); (S.W.L.); (S.K.G.); (J.S.G.)
| | - Jeffrey S. Gombart
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA; (S.L.U.); (A.J.M.); (J.C.); (S.W.L.); (S.K.G.); (J.S.G.)
| | - Gerd Bobe
- Linus Pauling Institute, Department of Animal & Rangeland Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA;
| | - Adrian F. Gombart
- Linus Pauling Institute, Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA;
- Correspondence:
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Wasserfurth P, Nebl J, Schuchardt JP, Müller M, Boßlau TK, Krüger K, Hahn A. Effects of Exercise Combined with a Healthy Diet or Calanus finmarchicus Oil Supplementation on Body Composition and Metabolic Markers-A Pilot Study. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12072139. [PMID: 32708396 PMCID: PMC7400904 DOI: 10.3390/nu12072139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is accompanied by a progressive decline in muscle mass and an increase in fat mass, which are detrimental changes associated with the development of health conditions such as type-2 diabetes mellitus or chronic low-grade inflammation. Although both exercise as well as nutritional interventions are known to be beneficial in counteracting those age-related changes, data to which extent untrained elderly people may benefit is still sparse. Therefore, a randomized, controlled, 12-week interventional trial was conducted in which 134 healthy untrained participants (96 women and 38 men, age 59.4 ± 5.6 years, body mass index (BMI) 28.4 ± 5.8 kg/m2) were allocated to one of four study groups: (1) control group with no intervention (CON); (2) 2×/week aerobic and resistance training only (EX); (3) exercise routine combined with dietary counseling in accordance with the guidelines of the German Nutrition Society (EXDC); (4) exercise routine combined with intake of 2 g/day oil from Calanus finmarchicus (EXCO). Body composition (bioelectrical impedance analysis), as well as markers of glucose metabolism and blood lipids, were analyzed at the beginning and the end of the study. The highest decreases in body fat were observed within the EXCO group (−1.70 ± 2.45 kg, p < 0.001), and the EXDC (−1.41 ± 2.13 kg, p = 0.008) group. Markers of glucose metabolism and blood lipids remained unchanged in all groups. Taken together results of this pilot study suggest that a combination of moderate exercise and intake of oil from Calanus finmarchicus or a healthy diet may promote fat loss in elderly untrained overweight participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Wasserfurth
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Leibniz University Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany; (P.W.); (J.N.); (J.P.S.); (M.M.)
| | - Josefine Nebl
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Leibniz University Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany; (P.W.); (J.N.); (J.P.S.); (M.M.)
| | - Jan Philipp Schuchardt
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Leibniz University Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany; (P.W.); (J.N.); (J.P.S.); (M.M.)
| | - Mattea Müller
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Leibniz University Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany; (P.W.); (J.N.); (J.P.S.); (M.M.)
| | - Tim Konstantin Boßlau
- Department of Exercise Physiology and Sports Therapy, Institute of Sports Science, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, 35394 Giessen, Germany; (T.K.B.); (K.K.)
| | - Karsten Krüger
- Department of Exercise Physiology and Sports Therapy, Institute of Sports Science, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, 35394 Giessen, Germany; (T.K.B.); (K.K.)
| | - Andreas Hahn
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Leibniz University Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany; (P.W.); (J.N.); (J.P.S.); (M.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-511-762-5093
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Perri G, Mendonça N, Jagger C, Walsh J, Eastell R, Mathers JC, Hill TR. Dietary Selenium Intakes and Musculoskeletal Function in Very Old Adults: Analysis of the Newcastle 85+ Study. Nutrients 2020; 12:E2068. [PMID: 32664662 PMCID: PMC7400825 DOI: 10.3390/nu12072068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Selenium is a trace element essential for health. Severe selenium deficiencies are associated with poor musculoskeletal (MSK) function. However, the effects of moderate deficiency on MSK function, especially in older adults, is unclear. Objectives: To determine the associations between selenium intake and MSK function in very old adults. Methods: Selenium intake at baseline and, hand-grip strength (HGS) and timed-up-and-go (TUG) at four phases over 5 years, were available in 791 participants in the Newcastle 85+ Study, a community-based, longitudinal cohort of ≥85 year old individuals. We investigated relationships between selenium intake and HGS and TUG in cross-sectional analyses at baseline using multivariate analyses and, prospectively using linear mixed models to explore HGS and TUG changes over 5 years in association with baseline selenium intake. Results: At baseline, 53% of participants had selenium intakes that were classified as low. These individuals had 2.80 kg lower HGS and were 2.30 s slower performing the TUG, cross-sectionally. In multivariate, baseline analyses, selenium intake had no significant impact on HGS or TUG. Selenium intake had no significant effect on MSK function, prospectively. Conclusion: Low selenium intake is common among very old adults and, in cross-sectional analyses, is associated with poorer MSK function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Perri
- The MRC-Versus Arthritis Centre for Integrated Research into Musculoskeletal Ageing (CIMA), Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK; (J.W.); (R.E.); (J.C.M.); (T.R.H.)
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK;
| | - Nuno Mendonça
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK;
- EpiDoC Unit, NOVA Medical School, Universidade Nova de Lisboa (NMS-UNL), 1150-082 Lisbon, Portugal
- Comprehensive Health Research Centre (CHRC), NOVA Medical School, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1150-082 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Carol Jagger
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE4 5PL, UK;
| | - Jennifer Walsh
- The MRC-Versus Arthritis Centre for Integrated Research into Musculoskeletal Ageing (CIMA), Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK; (J.W.); (R.E.); (J.C.M.); (T.R.H.)
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S5 7AU, UK
| | - Richard Eastell
- The MRC-Versus Arthritis Centre for Integrated Research into Musculoskeletal Ageing (CIMA), Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK; (J.W.); (R.E.); (J.C.M.); (T.R.H.)
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S5 7AU, UK
| | - John C. Mathers
- The MRC-Versus Arthritis Centre for Integrated Research into Musculoskeletal Ageing (CIMA), Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK; (J.W.); (R.E.); (J.C.M.); (T.R.H.)
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK;
| | - Tom R. Hill
- The MRC-Versus Arthritis Centre for Integrated Research into Musculoskeletal Ageing (CIMA), Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK; (J.W.); (R.E.); (J.C.M.); (T.R.H.)
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK;
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11
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Berrazaga I, Salles J, Laleg K, Guillet C, Patrac V, Giraudet C, Le Bacquer O, Gueugneau M, Denis P, Pouyet C, Pion A, Sanchez P, Boirie Y, Micard V, Walrand S. Anabolic Properties of Mixed Wheat-Legume Pasta Products in Old Rats: Impact on Whole-Body Protein Retention and Skeletal Muscle Protein Synthesis. Nutrients 2020; 12:E1596. [PMID: 32485842 PMCID: PMC7353003 DOI: 10.3390/nu12061596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms that are responsible for sarcopenia are numerous, but the altered muscle protein anabolic response to food intake that appears with advancing age plays an important role. Dietary protein quality needs to be optimized to counter this phenomenon. Blending different plant proteins is expected to compensate for the lower anabolic capacity of plant-based when compared to animal-based protein sources. The objective of this work was to evaluate the nutritional value of pasta products that were made from a mix of wheat semolina and faba bean, lentil, or split pea flour, and to assess their effect on protein metabolism as compared to dietary milk proteins in old rats. Forty-three old rats have consumed for six weeks isoproteic and isocaloric diets containing wheat pasta enriched with 62% to 79% legume protein (depending on the type) or milk proteins, i.e., casein or soluble milk proteins (SMP). The protein digestibility of casein and SMP was 5% to 14% higher than legume-enriched pasta. The net protein utilization and skeletal muscle protein synthesis rate were equivalent either in rats fed legume-enriched pasta diets or those fed casein diet, but lower than in rats fed SMP diet. After legume-enriched pasta intake, muscle mass, and protein accretion were in the same range as in the casein and SMP groups. Mixed wheat-legume pasta could be a nutritional strategy for enhancing the protein content and improving the protein quality, i.e., amino acid profile, of this staple food that is more adequate for maintaining muscle mass, especially for older individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Insaf Berrazaga
- UNH, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH, Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (I.B.); (J.S.); (K.L.); (C.G.); (V.P.); (C.G.); (O.L.B.); (M.G.); (P.D.); (C.P.); (A.P.); (P.S.); (Y.B.)
- IATE Agropolymer Engineering and Emerging Technologies, University Montpellier, INRA, CIRAD, Montpellier SupAgro, 34060 Montpellier, France
| | - Jérôme Salles
- UNH, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH, Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (I.B.); (J.S.); (K.L.); (C.G.); (V.P.); (C.G.); (O.L.B.); (M.G.); (P.D.); (C.P.); (A.P.); (P.S.); (Y.B.)
| | - Karima Laleg
- UNH, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH, Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (I.B.); (J.S.); (K.L.); (C.G.); (V.P.); (C.G.); (O.L.B.); (M.G.); (P.D.); (C.P.); (A.P.); (P.S.); (Y.B.)
- IATE Agropolymer Engineering and Emerging Technologies, University Montpellier, INRA, CIRAD, Montpellier SupAgro, 34060 Montpellier, France
| | - Christelle Guillet
- UNH, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH, Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (I.B.); (J.S.); (K.L.); (C.G.); (V.P.); (C.G.); (O.L.B.); (M.G.); (P.D.); (C.P.); (A.P.); (P.S.); (Y.B.)
| | - Véronique Patrac
- UNH, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH, Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (I.B.); (J.S.); (K.L.); (C.G.); (V.P.); (C.G.); (O.L.B.); (M.G.); (P.D.); (C.P.); (A.P.); (P.S.); (Y.B.)
| | - Christophe Giraudet
- UNH, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH, Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (I.B.); (J.S.); (K.L.); (C.G.); (V.P.); (C.G.); (O.L.B.); (M.G.); (P.D.); (C.P.); (A.P.); (P.S.); (Y.B.)
| | - Olivier Le Bacquer
- UNH, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH, Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (I.B.); (J.S.); (K.L.); (C.G.); (V.P.); (C.G.); (O.L.B.); (M.G.); (P.D.); (C.P.); (A.P.); (P.S.); (Y.B.)
| | - Marine Gueugneau
- UNH, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH, Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (I.B.); (J.S.); (K.L.); (C.G.); (V.P.); (C.G.); (O.L.B.); (M.G.); (P.D.); (C.P.); (A.P.); (P.S.); (Y.B.)
| | - Philippe Denis
- UNH, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH, Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (I.B.); (J.S.); (K.L.); (C.G.); (V.P.); (C.G.); (O.L.B.); (M.G.); (P.D.); (C.P.); (A.P.); (P.S.); (Y.B.)
| | - Corinne Pouyet
- UNH, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH, Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (I.B.); (J.S.); (K.L.); (C.G.); (V.P.); (C.G.); (O.L.B.); (M.G.); (P.D.); (C.P.); (A.P.); (P.S.); (Y.B.)
| | - Angelique Pion
- UNH, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH, Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (I.B.); (J.S.); (K.L.); (C.G.); (V.P.); (C.G.); (O.L.B.); (M.G.); (P.D.); (C.P.); (A.P.); (P.S.); (Y.B.)
| | - Phelipe Sanchez
- UNH, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH, Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (I.B.); (J.S.); (K.L.); (C.G.); (V.P.); (C.G.); (O.L.B.); (M.G.); (P.D.); (C.P.); (A.P.); (P.S.); (Y.B.)
| | - Yves Boirie
- UNH, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH, Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (I.B.); (J.S.); (K.L.); (C.G.); (V.P.); (C.G.); (O.L.B.); (M.G.); (P.D.); (C.P.); (A.P.); (P.S.); (Y.B.)
- Service de Nutrition Clinique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Gabriel Montpied, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Valérie Micard
- IATE Agropolymer Engineering and Emerging Technologies, University Montpellier, INRA, CIRAD, Montpellier SupAgro, 34060 Montpellier, France
| | - Stéphane Walrand
- UNH, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH, Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (I.B.); (J.S.); (K.L.); (C.G.); (V.P.); (C.G.); (O.L.B.); (M.G.); (P.D.); (C.P.); (A.P.); (P.S.); (Y.B.)
- Service de Nutrition Clinique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Gabriel Montpied, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
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12
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Allès B, Samieri C, Lorrain S, Jutand MA, Carmichael PH, Shatenstein B, Gaudreau P, Payette H, Laurin D, Barberger-Gateau P. Nutrient Patterns and Their Food Sources in Older Persons from France and Quebec: Dietary and Lifestyle Characteristics. Nutrients 2016; 8:225. [PMID: 27104557 PMCID: PMC4848693 DOI: 10.3390/nu8040225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Revised: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Dietary and nutrient patterns have been linked to health outcomes related to aging. Food intake is influenced by environmental and genetic factors. The aim of the present study was to compare nutrient patterns across two elderly populations sharing a common ancestral cultural background, but living in different environments. Methods: The diet quality, lifestyle and socioeconomic characteristics of participants from the Three-City Study (3C, France, n = 1712) and the Québec Longitudinal Study on Nutrition and Successful Aging (NuAge, Quebec, Canada, n = 1596) were analyzed. Nutrient patterns and their food sources were identified in the two samples using principal component analysis. Diet quality was compared across sample-specific patterns by describing weekly food intake and associations with the Canadian Healthy Eating Index (C-HEI). Results: Three nutrient patterns were retained in each study: a healthy, a Western and a more traditional pattern. These patterns accounted for 50.1% and 53.5% of the total variance in 3C and NuAge, respectively. Higher education and non-physical occupations over lifetime were associated with healthy patterns in both studies. Other characteristics such as living alone, having a body mass index lower than 25 and being an ex-smoker were associated with the healthy pattern in NuAge. No association between these characteristics and the nutrient patterns was noted in 3C. The healthy and Western patterns from each sample also showed an inverse association with C-HEI. Conclusion: The two healthy patterns showed important similarities: adequate food variety, consumption of healthy foods and associations with common sociodemographic factors. This work highlights that nutrient patterns derived using a posteriori methods may be useful to compare the nutritional quality of the diet of distinct populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Allès
- Centre INSERM U897-Epidemiologie-Biostatistique, University of Bordeaux, ISPED, Bordeaux, F-33000, France.
- Centre INSERM U897-Epidemiologie-Biostatistique, INSERM, ISPED, Bordeaux, F-33000, France.
- Québec Center of Excellence on Aging, CHU de Québec Research Center, Quebec City, QC G1S 4L8, Canada.
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Laval University, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.
| | - Cécilia Samieri
- Centre INSERM U897-Epidemiologie-Biostatistique, University of Bordeaux, ISPED, Bordeaux, F-33000, France.
- Centre INSERM U897-Epidemiologie-Biostatistique, INSERM, ISPED, Bordeaux, F-33000, France.
| | - Simon Lorrain
- Centre INSERM U897-Epidemiologie-Biostatistique, University of Bordeaux, ISPED, Bordeaux, F-33000, France.
- Centre INSERM U897-Epidemiologie-Biostatistique, INSERM, ISPED, Bordeaux, F-33000, France.
| | - Marthe-Aline Jutand
- Centre INSERM U897-Epidemiologie-Biostatistique, University of Bordeaux, ISPED, Bordeaux, F-33000, France.
- Centre INSERM U897-Epidemiologie-Biostatistique, INSERM, ISPED, Bordeaux, F-33000, France.
| | - Pierre-Hugues Carmichael
- Québec Center of Excellence on Aging, CHU de Québec Research Center, Quebec City, QC G1S 4L8, Canada.
| | - Bryna Shatenstein
- Département de Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3T 1A8, Canada.
- Centre de Recherche, Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, CIUSSS du Centre-est-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Montréal, QC H3W 1W5, Canada.
| | - Pierrette Gaudreau
- Department of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada.
- Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal Research Center (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada.
| | - Hélène Payette
- Research Center on Aging-Centre Intégré Universitaire de Santé et des Services Sociaux de l'Estrie-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke (CIUSS de l'Estrie-CHUS), Sherbrooke, QC J1H 4C4, Canada.
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada.
| | - Danielle Laurin
- Québec Center of Excellence on Aging, CHU de Québec Research Center, Quebec City, QC G1S 4L8, Canada.
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Laval University, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.
| | - Pascale Barberger-Gateau
- Centre INSERM U897-Epidemiologie-Biostatistique, University of Bordeaux, ISPED, Bordeaux, F-33000, France.
- Centre INSERM U897-Epidemiologie-Biostatistique, INSERM, ISPED, Bordeaux, F-33000, France.
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Sijtsma FPC, Soedamah-Muthu SS, de Hoon SEM, Jacobs DR, Kromhout D. Healthy eating and survival among elderly men with and without cardiovascular-metabolic diseases. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2015; 25:1117-1124. [PMID: 26610653 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2015.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Revised: 08/25/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The strength of the associations of dietary scores with cardiovascular disease (CVD) and all-cause mortality in elderly vary considerably between a priori scores. To assess whether healthy eating lowers the risk of CVD and all-cause mortality among elderly men. METHODS AND RESULTS The Zutphen Elderly Study (age 65-84 years) was divided into men with (n = 210) and without (n = 616) cardiovascular-metabolic diseases at baseline in 1985. Diet was assessed with the cross-check dietary history method. We created the "Dutch Healthy Nutrient and Food Score" (DHNaFS) and the "Dutch Undesirable Nutrient and Food Score" (DUNaFS). Associations of the scores with CVD and all-cause mortality were assessed using multivariable Cox regression models. Associations of scores with life years gained used general linear models. During a median follow-up of 10.6 years (IQR 5.8-15.9) 806 participants died, of whom 359 from CVD. In all men, diet scores did not predict death. Among men with cardiovascular-metabolic diseases, DHNaFS was associated with lower CVD (HR: 0.57; 95% CI: 0.35-0.93) and all-cause mortality risk (HR: 0.64; 95% CI: 0.44-0.94) comparing the highest vs. the lowest score tertiles. Men with cardiovascular-metabolic diseases in the highest vs. the lowest tertile of the DHNaFS lived approximately 2.5 years longer. The DHNaFS was not associated with CVD and all-cause mortality in men without cardiovascular-metabolic diseases. The DUNaFS was not associated with any of the outcomes. CONCLUSION A high quality diet was associated with a 40% lower mortality risk and 2.5 years longer life expectancy in elderly men with, but not without, cardiovascular-metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- F P C Sijtsma
- Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - S S Soedamah-Muthu
- Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - S E M de Hoon
- Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - D R Jacobs
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA; The Department of Nutrition, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - D Kromhout
- Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands; Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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14
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Torres MJ, Féart C, Samieri C, Dorigny B, Luiking Y, Berr C, Barberger-Gateau P, Letenneur L. Poor nutritional status is associated with a higher risk of falling and fracture in elderly people living at home in France: the Three-City cohort study. Osteoporos Int 2015; 26:2157-64. [PMID: 25862356 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-015-3121-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2014] [Accepted: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Falling and fractures are a public health problem in elderly people. The aim of our study was to investigate whether nutritional status is associated with the risk of falling or fracture in community-dwelling elderly. Poor nutritional status was significantly associated with a higher risk of both falling and fractures. INTRODUCTION Nutrition could play a role to prevent falls and fractures. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether a poor nutritional status is associated with the risk of falling and of fracture in community dwelling elderly. METHODS Baseline nutritional status of participants was assessed using the Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA). After a follow-up of 12 years, 6040 individuals with available data for falls and 6839 for fracture were included. People who presented the outcomes at baseline were excluded. Cox models were used to evaluate the associations between nutritional status and the risks of fall or fracture. RESULTS The frequency of poor nutritional status (MNA ≤ 23.5), at baseline, was respectively 12.0% in the "fall study sample" and 12.8% in the "fracture study sample." Incident fall and fracture over 12 years were reported in 55.8 and 18.5% of the respective samples, respectively. In multivariate models controlled for sociodemographic data and several baseline health indicators, poor nutritional status was significantly associated with a higher risk of falling (hazard ratio (HR) = 1.66, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.35-2.04 in men and HR = 1.20, 95% CI 1.07-1.34 in women) and with a higher risk of fracture (HR = 1.28, 95% CI 1.09-1.49). CONCLUSION Poor nutritional status was associated with a higher risk of both falling and fractures in French elderly community-dwellers. Early screening and management of the nutritional status may be useful to reduce the frequency of these events in older people.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Torres
- Univ. Bordeaux, ISPED, Centre INSERM U897-Epidemiologie-Biostatistique, F-33000, Bordeaux, France,
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15
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Pirotta S, Kidgell DJ, Daly RM. Effects of vitamin D supplementation on neuroplasticity in older adults: a double-blinded, placebo-controlled randomised trial. Osteoporos Int 2015; 26:131-40. [PMID: 25138265 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-014-2855-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2014] [Accepted: 08/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Vitamin D can improve muscle function and reduce falls, but whether it can strengthen neural connections within the brain and nervous system is not known. This 10-week randomised controlled trial indicates that treatment with 2,000 IU/day vitamin D3 does not significantly alter neuroplasticity relative to placebo in older adults. INTRODUCTION The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of vitamin D supplementation on neuroplasticity, serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and muscle strength and function in older adults. METHODS This was a 10-week double-blinded, placebo-controlled randomised trial in which 26 older adults with 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25OHD] concentrations 25-60 nmol/L were randomised to 2,000 IU/day vitamin D3 or matched placebo. Single- and paired-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation applied over the motor cortex was used to assess changes in motor-evoked potentials (MEPs) and short-interval intracortical inhibition (SICI), as measures of corticospinal excitability and inhibition respectively, by recording electromyography (EMG) responses to stimulation from the wrist extensors. Changes in muscle strength, stair climbing power, gait (timed-up-and-go), dynamic balance (four square step test), serum 25(OH)D and BDNF concentrations were also measured. RESULTS After 10 weeks, mean 25(OH)D levels increased from 46 to 81 nmol/L in the vitamin D group with no change in the placebo group. The vitamin D group experienced a significant 8-11% increase in muscle strength and a reduction in cortical excitability (MEP amplitude) and SICI relative to baseline (all P < 0.05), but these changes were not significantly different from placebo. There was no effect of vitamin D on muscle power, function or BDNF. CONCLUSIONS Daily supplementation with 2,000 IU vitamin D3 for 10 weeks had no significant effect on neuroplasticity compared to placebo, but the finding that vitamin D treatment alone was associated with a decrease in corticospinal excitability and intracortical inhibition warrants further investigation as this suggests that it may improve the efficacy of neural transmission within the corticospinal pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Pirotta
- Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition Research, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, VIC, 3125, Australia
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Mithal A, Bonjour JP, Dawson-Hughes B. Impact of nutrition on muscle mass, strength, and performance in older adults: response to Scott and Jones. Osteoporos Int 2014; 25:793. [PMID: 24057479 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-013-2490-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2013] [Accepted: 06/14/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A Mithal
- Medanta Medicity, Gurgaon, Haryana, India,
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17
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Affiliation(s)
- D Scott
- Australian Institute of Musculoskeletal Science, NorthWest Academic Centre, The University of Melbourne, St. Albans, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia,
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Neville CE, Young IS, Gilchrist SECM, McKinley MC, Gibson A, Edgar JD, Woodside JV. Effect of increased fruit and vegetable consumption on bone turnover in older adults: a randomised controlled trial. Osteoporos Int 2014; 25:223-33. [PMID: 23716039 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-013-2402-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2013] [Accepted: 05/13/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Evidence suggests that increased fruit and vegetable (FV) intake may be associated with improved bone health, but there is limited evidence from intervention trials to support this. This 16-week study showed that increased FV consumption (five or more portions per day) does not have any effect on the markers of bone health in older adults. INTRODUCTION Observational evidence suggests that increased FV consumption may be associated with improved bone health. However, there is lack of evidence from intervention trials to support this. This study examined the effect of increased FV consumption on bone markers among healthy, free-living older adults. METHODS A randomised controlled trial was undertaken. Eighty-three participants aged 65-85 years, habitually consuming less than or equal to two portions of FV per day, were randomised to continue their normal diet or to consume five or more portions of FV per day for 16 weeks. FV were delivered to all participants each week, free of charge. Compliance was assessed at baseline and at 6, 12 and 16 weeks by diet histories and biomarkers of micronutrient status. Fasting serum bone markers (osteocalcin (OC) and C-terminal telopeptide of type 1 collagen (CTX)) were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS Eighty-two participants completed the intervention. The five portions per day group showed a significantly greater change in daily FV consumption compared to the two portions per day group (p < 0.001), and this was reflected in significant increases in micronutrient status. No significant differences were evident in change in bone markers between the two portions per day group and the five portions per day group over the 16 weeks (geometric mean of week 16 to baseline ratio (95% confidence interval): OC-0.95 (0.89-1.02) and 1.04 (0.91-1.18), respectively, p = 0.25; CTX-1.06 (0.95-1.19) and 0.98 (0.90-1.06) respectively, p = 0.20). CONCLUSIONS Increased FV consumption had no effect on bone markers in older adults. Larger intervention studies of longer duration are warranted to establish whether long-term FV consumption can benefit bone health.
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Affiliation(s)
- C E Neville
- Centre for Public Health, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT12 6BJ, UK
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Mithal A, Bonjour JP, Boonen S, Burckhardt P, Degens H, El Hajj Fuleihan G, Josse R, Lips P, Morales Torres J, Rizzoli R, Yoshimura N, Wahl DA, Cooper C, Dawson-Hughes B. Impact of nutrition on muscle mass, strength, and performance in older adults. Osteoporos Int 2013; 24:1555-66. [PMID: 23247327 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-012-2236-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2011] [Accepted: 09/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Muscle strength plays an important role in determining risk for falls, which result in fractures and other injuries. While bone loss has long been recognized as an inevitable consequence of aging, sarcopenia-the gradual loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength that occurs with advancing age-has recently received increased attention. A review of the literature was undertaken to identify nutritional factors that contribute to loss of muscle mass. The role of protein, acid-base balance, vitamin D/calcium, and other minor nutrients like B vitamins was reviewed. Muscle wasting is a multifactorial process involving intrinsic and extrinsic alterations. A loss of fast twitch fibers, glycation of proteins, and insulin resistance may play an important role in the loss of muscle strength and development of sarcopenia. Protein intake plays an integral part in muscle health and an intake of 1.0-1.2 g/kg of body weight per day is probably optimal for older adults. There is a moderate [corrected] relationship between vitamin D status and muscle strength. Chronic ingestion of acid-producing diets appears to have a negative impact on muscle performance, and decreases in vitamin B12 and folic acid intake may also impair muscle function through their action on homocysteine. An adequate nutritional intake and an optimal dietary acid-base balance are important elements of any strategy to preserve muscle mass and strength during aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Mithal
- Medanta Medicity, Sector 38, Gurgaon, India.
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20
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Samieri C, Ginder Coupez V, Lorrain S, Letenneur L, Allès B, Féart C, Paineau D, Barberger-Gateau P. Nutrient patterns and risk of fracture in older subjects: results from the Three-City Study. Osteoporos Int 2013; 24:1295-305. [PMID: 22976577 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-012-2132-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2012] [Accepted: 08/27/2012] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED We investigated the association between nutrient patterns and risk of fractures in 1,482 older subjects. Patterns associated with higher intakes of Ca, P, vitamin B12, proteins and unsaturated fats, and moderate alcohol intake, provided by diets rich in dairies and charcuteries, were related to a lower risk of wrist and hip fractures. INTRODUCTION The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between patterns of nutrient intake and the risk of fractures in older subjects. METHODS Among 1,482 participants from the Bordeaux sample of the Three-City (3C) Study who completed a 24-h dietary recall and a food frequency questionnaire, we examined the association between patterns of nutrient intake derived from principal component analysis and 8-year incidence of self-reported fractures of the hip, the wrist, and the vertebrae. RESULTS A "nutrient-dense" pattern rich in Ca and P, iron, vitamins B including B12, vitamins C and E, alcohol, proteins, and unsaturated fats, and characterized by a higher consumption of fruits and vegetables, meats and fish, cheese and milk, charcuteries, cereals, rice, pasta, and potatoes, was associated with a 19% (95% CI 2-34%, P=0.03) lower risk of wrist fractures. The same pattern was associated with a 14% (95% CI 2-25%) lower risk of fractures at any site. A "south-western French" pattern rich in Ca, P, vitamins D and B12, retinol, alcohol, proteins, and fats-including unsaturated fats; poor in vitamins C, E, and K, carotenes, folates, and fibers; and related to a higher consumption of cheese, milk, and charcuterie and a lower consumption of fruits and vegetables was related to a 33% lower risk of hip fractures (95% CI 3-39%, P=0.03). CONCLUSIONS Higher intakes of Ca, P, vitamin B12, proteins, and unsaturated fats and moderate alcohol, provided by dietary patterns rich in cheese, milk, and charcuteries, were related to a lower risk of wrist and hip fractures in our cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Samieri
- Department of Nutritional Epidemiology, Inserm U897, Bordeaux, 33076, France.
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21
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Wyers CE, Reijven PLM, Evers SMAA, Willems PC, Heyligers IC, Verburg AD, van Helden S, Dagnelie PC. Cost-effectiveness of nutritional intervention in elderly subjects after hip fracture. A randomized controlled trial. Osteoporos Int 2013; 24:151-62. [PMID: 22638708 PMCID: PMC3536976 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-012-2009-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2012] [Accepted: 04/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Hip fracture patients can benefit from nutritional supplementation during their recovery. Up to now, cost-effectiveness evaluation of nutritional intervention in these patients has not been performed. Costs of nutritional intervention are relatively low as compared with medical costs. Cost-effectiveness evaluation shows that nutritional intervention is likely to be cost-effective. INTRODUCTION Previous research on the effect of nutritional intervention on clinical outcome in hip fracture patients yielded contradictory results. Cost-effectiveness of nutritional intervention in these patients remains unknown. The aim of this study was to evaluate cost-effectiveness of nutritional intervention in elderly subjects after hip fracture from a societal perspective. METHODS Open-label, multi-centre randomized controlled trial investigating cost-effectiveness of intensive nutritional intervention comprising regular dietetic counseling and oral nutritional supplementation for 3 months postoperatively. Patients allocated to the control group received care as usual. Costs, weight and quality of life were measured at baseline and at 3 and 6 months postoperatively. Incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) were calculated for weight at 3 months and quality adjusted life years (QALYs) at 6 months postoperatively. RESULTS Of 152 patients enrolled, 73 were randomized to the intervention group and 79 to the control group. Mean costs of the nutritional intervention was 613 Euro. Total costs and subcategories of costs were not significantly different between both groups. Based on bootstrapping of ICERs, the nutritional intervention was likely to be cost-effective for weight as outcome over the 3-month intervention period, regardless of nutritional status at baseline. With QALYs as outcome, the probability for the nutritional intervention being cost-effective was relatively low, except in subjects aged below 75 years. CONCLUSION Intensive nutritional intervention in elderly hip fracture patients is likely to be cost-effective for weight but not for QALYs. Future cost-effectiveness studies should incorporate outcome measures appropriate for elderly patients, such as functional limitations and other relevant outcome parameters for elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- C E Wyers
- Department of Epidemiology, CAPHRI School for Public Health and Primary Care, Maastricht University Medical Centre, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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Abstract
Wound healing requires an increase in the energy intake of the patient due to an increase in metabolic demand. Nutrition plays a vital role in the wound healing process, as various nutrients have specific functions related to wound healing. Adequate nutrition is required to maintain healthy skin integrity, and malnourished patients often experience delayed wound healing as a result of this. Additionally, older people may have difficulty meeting their nutritional requirements owing to a diminished dietary intake. Effective management of malnourished patients with wounds depends on accurate early diagnosis and treatment. This short case study critically analyses the care that was provided in one NHS trust to a malnourished older patient with a wound. Recommendations for improving practice include early identification of malnourished patients, early referral for dietetic assessment and tissue viability intervention, and education for health professionals.
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Abstract
In recent decades the population of both elderly men and women has grown substantially worldwide. Aging is associated with a number of pathologies involving various organs including the skeleton. Age-related bone loss and resultant osteoporosis put the elderly population at an increased risk for fractures and morbidity. Fortunately, in parallel our understanding of this malady has also grown substantially in recent years. A number of clinical as well as translational studies have been pivotal in providing us with an understanding of the pathophysiology of this condition. This article discusses the current concepts of age-related modulation of the skeleton involving intrinsic factors such as genetics, hormonal changes, levels of oxidative stress, and changes in telomere length, as well as extrinsic factors such as nutritional and lifestyle choices. It also briefly outlines recent studies on the relationship between bone and fat in the marrow as well as the periphery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhan A Syed
- Abbott Bioresearch Center, Worcester, MA 01545, USA.
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Kennedy O, Law C, Methven L, Mottram D, Gosney M. Investigating age-related changes in taste and affects on sensory perceptions of oral nutritional supplements. Age Ageing 2010; 39:733-8. [PMID: 20861088 DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afq104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND sip feeds are oral nutritional supplements (ONSs) that are commonly prescribed to malnourished patients to improve their nutritional and clinical status. However, ONSs are poorly consumed and frequently wasted, with sweetness being identified as one of the factors leading to patients' dislike of ONSs. OBJECTIVES to investigate if age affects sweetness thresholds and if this impacts upon perceived sweetness intensity, hedonic (sweetness and overall) and ranked preference of ONS products. DESIGN prospective, observational. SUBJECTS thirty-six young adults (18-33 years) and 48 healthy older adults (63-85 years). SETTING Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences and the Clinical Health Sciences at the University of Reading. METHODS detection and recognition threshold levels, basic taste identification and 'just about right' level of sweetness were examined. Three ONSs (chocolate, vanilla, strawberry) and sucrose solutions were evaluated for hedonic sweetness, overall hedonic liking, sweetness intensity and rank preference. RESULTS significant differences were found in both sweetness detection and recognition thresholds (P = 0.0001) between young and older adults, with older adults more likely to incorrectly identify the taste (P = 0.0001). Despite the deterioration in sweetness sensitivity among the older adults, there were no significant differences found in sweetness intensity perceived for the ONS products presented (P > 0.05) when compared with the young adults. However, across both groups sweetness intensity was found to be correlated with overall product dislike across all flavour variants tested (R = 0.398, P = 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS sweetness appears to be one of many factors contributing to the dislike of ONSs. Manufacturers are encouraged to reconsider the formulations of these products so that beneficial effects of ONSs can be delivered in a more palatable and acceptable form and wastage reduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orla Kennedy
- Food and Nutritional Sciences, Reading University, Reading, UK.
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Abstract
At present it is estimated that 25% of the population older than 85 years have significant cognitive impairment. The global prevalence of cognitive impairment and dementia including Alzheimer's disease is expected to rise significantly in proportion to increased life expectancy. Deterioration of memory function and ultimately establishment of Alzheimer's disease (AD) severely debilitates the affected individual, uncompromisingly decreasing the quality of life of both affected patients and their care givers. Moreover, the cost of providing adequate care to patients with AD is a significant burden to both family and the health care providers. Therefore, various attempts have been made to identify means of either delaying the onset of cognitive impairment or improving memory function in patients affected by AD. Among a number of participants, importance of dietary fatty acids in particular omega-3 based fatty acids have gained significant momentum. This article aims to review published evidences for the role of omega-3 in memory function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imose Itua
- Department of Health and Applied Social Sciences, Liverpool Hope University, Hope Park, Liverpool, UK,
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26
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Abstract
Nutrition is an important element of health in the older population and affects the aging process. The prevalence of malnutrition is increasing in this population and is associated with a decline in: functional status, impaired muscle function, decreased bone mass, immune dysfunction, anemia, reduced cognitive function, poor wound healing, delayed recovery from surgery, higher hospital readmission rates, and mortality. Older people often have reduced appetite and energy expenditure, which, coupled with a decline in biological and physiological functions such as reduced lean body mass, changes in cytokine and hormonal level, and changes in fluid electrolyte regulation, delay gastric emptying and diminish senses of smell and taste. In addition pathologic changes of aging such as chronic diseases and psychological illness all play a role in the complex etiology of malnutrition in older people. Nutritional assessment is important to identify and treat patients at risk, the Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool being commonly used in clinical practice. Management requires a holistic approach, and underlying causes such as chronic illness, depression, medication and social isolation must be treated. Patients with physical or cognitive impairment require special care and attention. Oral supplements or enteral feeding should be considered in patients at high risk or in patients unable to meet daily requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanvir Ahmed
- Adult and Elderly Medicine, Nevill Hall Hospital, Abergavenny, Wales, UK
| | - Nadim Haboubi
- Adult and Elderly Medicine, Nevill Hall Hospital, Abergavenny, Wales, UK
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