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Sotoyama H, Namba H, Tohmi M, Nawa H. Schizophrenia Animal Modeling with Epidermal Growth Factor and Its Homologs: Their Connections to the Inflammatory Pathway and the Dopamine System. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13020372. [PMID: 36830741 PMCID: PMC9953688 DOI: 10.3390/biom13020372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor (EGF) and its homologs, such as neuregulins, bind to ErbB (Her) receptor kinases and regulate glial differentiation and dopaminergic/GABAergic maturation in the brain and are therefore implicated in schizophrenia neuropathology involving these cell abnormalities. In this review, we summarize the biological activities of the EGF family and its neuropathologic association with schizophrenia, mainly overviewing our previous model studies and the related articles. Transgenic mice as well as the rat/monkey models established by perinatal challenges of EGF or its homologs consistently exhibit various behavioral endophenotypes relevant to schizophrenia. In particular, post-pubertal elevation in baseline dopaminergic activity may illustrate the abnormal behaviors relevant to positive and negative symptoms as well as to the timing of this behavioral onset. With the given molecular interaction and transactivation of ErbB receptor kinases with Toll-like receptors (TLRs), EGF/ErbB signals are recruited by viral infection and inflammatory diseases such as COVID-19-mediated pneumonia and poxvirus-mediated fibroma and implicated in the immune-inflammatory hypothesis of schizophrenia. Finally, we also discuss the interaction of clozapine with ErbB receptor kinases as well as new antipsychotic development targeting these receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidekazu Sotoyama
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8585, Japan
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8122, Japan
- Correspondence: (H.N.); (H.S.)
| | - Hisaaki Namba
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8585, Japan
- Department of Physiological Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama 649-8156, Japan
| | - Manavu Tohmi
- Department of Physiological Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama 649-8156, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Nawa
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8585, Japan
- Department of Physiological Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama 649-8156, Japan
- Correspondence: (H.N.); (H.S.)
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2
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Saleem A, Qurat-ul-Ain, Akhtar MF. Alternative Therapy of Psychosis: Potential Phytochemicals and Drug Targets in the Management of Schizophrenia. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:895668. [PMID: 35656298 PMCID: PMC9152363 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.895668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a chronic mental and behavioral disorder characterized by clusters of symptoms including hallucinations, delusions, disorganized thoughts and social withdrawal. It is mainly contributed by defects in dopamine, glutamate, cholinergic and serotonergic pathways, genetic and environmental factors, prenatal infections, oxidative stress, immune system activation and inflammation. Management of schizophrenia is usually carried out with typical and atypical antipsychotics, but it yields modest benefits with a diversity of side effects. Therefore, the current study was designed to determine the phytochemicals as new drug candidates for treatment and management of schizophrenia. These phytochemicals alter and affect neurotransmission, cell signaling pathways, endocannabinoid receptors, neuro-inflammation, activation of immune system and status of oxidative stress. Phytochemicals exhibiting anti-schizophrenic activity are mostly flavonoids, polyphenols, alkaloids, terpenoids, terpenes, polypropanoids, lactones and glycosides. However, well-designed clinical trials are consequently required to investigate potential protective effect and therapeutic benefits of these phytochemicals against schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ammara Saleem
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Qurat-ul-Ain
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Furqan Akhtar
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Lahore, Pakistan
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Mitra S, Anjum J, Muni M, Das R, Rauf A, Islam F, Bin Emran T, Semwal P, Hemeg HA, Alhumaydhi FA, Wilairatana P. Exploring the journey of emodin as a potential neuroprotective agent: Novel therapeutic insights with molecular mechanism of action. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 149:112877. [PMID: 35367766 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.112877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Emodin is an anthraquinone derivative found in the roots and bark of a variety of plants, molds, and lichens. Emodin has been used as a traditional medication for more than 2000 years and is still common in numerous herbal drugs. Emodin is plentiful in the three plant families, including Polygonaceae (Rheum, Rumex, and Polygonum spp.), Fabaceae (Cassia spp.), and Rhamnaceae (Rhamnus, Frangula, and Ventilago spp.). Emerging experimental evidences indicate that emodin confers a wide range of pharmacological activities; special focus was implemented toward neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, cerebral ischemia, anxiety and depression, schizophrenia, chronic hyperglycemic peripheral neuropathy, etc. Numerous preclinical evidences were established in support of the neuroprotection of emodin. However, this review highlighted the role of emodin as a potent neurotherapeutic agent; therefore, its evidence-based functionality on neurological disorders (NDs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Saikat Mitra
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Juhaer Anjum
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Maniza Muni
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Rajib Das
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Abdur Rauf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Swabi, Anbar 23561, Pakistan.
| | - Fahadul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Talha Bin Emran
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh; Department of Pharmacy, BGC Trust University Bangladesh, Chittagong 4381, Bangladesh.
| | - Prabhakar Semwal
- Department of Life Sciences, Graphic Era (Deemed to be University), Dehradun 248002, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Hassan A Hemeg
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, P.O. Box 344, Al-Medinah Al-Monawara 41411, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad A Alhumaydhi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Polrat Wilairatana
- Department of Clinical of Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand.
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Chen Q, Lai C, Chen F, Ding Y, Zhou Y, Su S, Ni R, Tang Z. Emodin Protects SH-SY5Y Cells Against Zinc-Induced Synaptic Impairment and Oxidative Stress Through the ERK1/2 Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:821521. [PMID: 35197857 PMCID: PMC8859424 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.821521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Zinc is an essential trace element important for the physiological function of the central nervous system. The abnormal accumulation of zinc inside neurons may induce mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress, which contribute to many brain diseases. We hypothesized that natural anthraquinone derivative emodin can protect against neurotoxicity induced by pathological concentrations of zinc via the extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) signaling pathway and alleviate oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. Human neuroblastoma (SH-SY5Y 26 cells) was treated with zinc sulfate and different concentrations of emodin, and changes in the levels of ETK1/2 expression, oxidative stress (DCFH-DA staining), mitochondrial function (JC-1 staining), lipid peroxidation (4-hydroxynonenal staining), and DNA oxidation (8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine staining) were examined. Emodin ameliorated zinc-induced altered expression of levels of phosphorylated ERK1/2 (not total ETK1/2) and synaptic proteins (presynaptic SNAP 25, synaptophysin and postsynaptic PSD95) in SH-SY5Y cells. Moreover, emodin inhibited the generation of reactive oxygen species and oxidative stress and facilitated the collapse of mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) in SH-SY5Y cells. In conclusion, our results indicated that emodin exerts neuroprotective effects against zinc by normalizing synaptic impairment by decreasing the phosphorylation of ERK1/2, reducing reactive oxygen species and protecting mitochondrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Chen
- Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
- Clinical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Chencen Lai
- Preparation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Fa Chen
- Clinical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
- Department of Miao Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Yuanting Ding
- Clinical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Yiyuan Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Songbai Su
- Preparation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Ruiqing Ni
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Zhi Tang
- Clinical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
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5
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Semwal RB, Semwal DK, Combrinck S, Viljoen A. Emodin - A natural anthraquinone derivative with diverse pharmacological activities. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2021; 190:112854. [PMID: 34311280 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2021.112854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Emodin (1,3,8-trihydroxy-6-methyl-anthraquinone) is a natural anthraquinone derivative that is present in numerous globally renowned herbal medicines. It is recognised as a protein tyrosine kinase inhibitor and as an anticancer drug, active against various tumour cells, including lung, breast, liver, and ovarian cancer cells. Recently, its role in combination chemotherapy with various allopathic medicines, to minimize their toxicity and to enhance their efficacy, has been studied. The use of emodin in these therapies is gaining popularity, due to fewer associated side effects compared with standard anticancer drugs. Emodin has a broad therapeutic window, and in addition to its antineoplastic activity, it displays anti-ulcer, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective, antimicrobial, muscle relaxant, immunosuppressive and antifibrotic activities, in both in vitro and in vivo models. Although reviews on the anticancer activity of emodin have been published, none coherently unite all the pharmacological properties of emodin, particularly the anti-oxidant, antimicrobial, antidiabetic, immunosuppressive and hepatoprotective activities of the compound. Hence, in this review, all of the available data regarding the pharmacological properties of emodin are explored, with particular emphasis on the modes of action of the molecule. In addition, the manuscript details the occurrence, biosynthesis and chemical synthesis of the compound, as well as its toxic effects on biotic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruchi Badoni Semwal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa; Department of Chemistry, Pt. Lalit Mohan Sharma Govt. Post Graduate College, Rishikesh, 249201, India
| | - Deepak Kumar Semwal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa; Department of Phytochemistry, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Uttarakhand Ayurved University, Harrawala, Dehradun, 248001, India
| | - Sandra Combrinck
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa
| | - Alvaro Viljoen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa; SAMRC Herbal Drugs Research Unit, Faculty of Science, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa.
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Himalian R, Singh SK, Singh MP. Ameliorative Role of Nutraceuticals on Neurodegenerative Diseases Using the Drosophila melanogaster as a Discovery Model to Define Bioefficacy. J Am Coll Nutr 2021; 41:511-539. [PMID: 34125661 DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2021.1904305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegeneration is the destruction of neurons, and once the neurons degenerate they can't revive. This is one of the most concerned health conditions among aged population, more than ∼70% of the elderly people are suffering from neurodegeneration. Among all of the neurodegenerative diseases, Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD) and Poly-glutamine disease (Poly-Q) are the major one and affecting most of the people around the world and posing excessive burden on the society. In order to understand this disease in non-human animal models it is pertinent to examine in model organism and various animal model are being used for such diseases like rat, mice and non-vertebrate model like Drosophila. Drosophila melanogaster is one of the best animal proven by several eminent scientist and had received several Nobel prizes for uncovering mechanism of human related genes and highly efficient model for studying neurodegenerative diseases due to its great affinity with human disease-related genes. Another factor is also employed to act as therapeutic or preventive method that is nutraceuticals. Nutraceuticals are functional natural compounds with antioxidant properties and had extensively showed the neuroprotective effect in different organisms. These nutraceuticals having antioxidant properties act through scavenging free radicals or by increasing endogenous cellular antioxidant defense molecules. For the best benefit, we are trying to utilize these nutraceuticals, which will have no or negligible side effects. In this review, we are dealing with various types of such nutraceuticals which have potent value in the prevention and curing of the diseases related to neurodegeneration.HighlightsNeurodegeneration is the silently progressing disease which shows its symptoms when it is well rooted.Many chemical drugs (almost all) have only symptomatic relief with side effects.Potent mechanism of neurodegeneration and improvement effect by nutraceuticals is proposed.Based on the Indian Cuisine scientists are trying to find the medicine from the food or food components having antioxidant properties.The best model to study the neurodegenerative diseases is Drosophila melanogaster.Many nutraceuticals having antioxidant properties have been studied and attenuated various diseases are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranjana Himalian
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Sandeep Kumar Singh
- Indian Scientific Education and Technology (ISET) Foundation, Lucknow, India
| | - Mahendra Pratap Singh
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
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Sotoyama H, Namba H, Kobayashi Y, Hasegawa T, Watanabe D, Nakatsukasa E, Sakimura K, Furuyashiki T, Nawa H. Resting-state dopaminergic cell firing in the ventral tegmental area negatively regulates affiliative social interactions in a developmental animal model of schizophrenia. Transl Psychiatry 2021; 11:236. [PMID: 33888687 PMCID: PMC8062445 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-021-01346-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperdopaminergic activities are often linked to positive symptoms of schizophrenia, but their neuropathological implications on negative symptoms are rather controversial among reports. Here, we explored the regulatory role of the resting state-neural activity of dopaminergic neurons in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) on social interaction using a developmental rat model for schizophrenia. We prepared the model by administering an ammonitic cytokine, epidermal growth factor (EGF), to rat pups, which later exhibit the deficits of social interaction as monitored with same-gender affiliative sniffing. In vivo single-unit recording and microdialysis revealed that the baseline firing frequency of and dopamine release from VTA dopaminergic neurons were chronically increased in EGF model rats, and their social interaction was concomitantly reduced. Subchronic treatment with risperidone ameliorated both the social interaction deficits and higher frequency of dopaminergic cell firing in this model. Sustained suppression of hyperdopaminergic cell firing in EGF model rats by DREADD chemogenetic intervention restored the event-triggered dopamine release and their social behaviors. These observations suggest that the higher resting-state activity of VTA dopaminergic neurons is responsible for the reduced social interaction of this schizophrenia model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidekazu Sotoyama
- grid.260975.f0000 0001 0671 5144Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, 951-8585 Japan
| | - Hisaaki Namba
- grid.260975.f0000 0001 0671 5144Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, 951-8585 Japan ,grid.412857.d0000 0004 1763 1087Department of Physiological Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, 640-8156 Japan
| | - Yutaro Kobayashi
- grid.260975.f0000 0001 0671 5144Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, 951-8585 Japan
| | - Taku Hasegawa
- grid.258799.80000 0004 0372 2033Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501 Japan
| | - Dai Watanabe
- grid.258799.80000 0004 0372 2033Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501 Japan
| | - Ena Nakatsukasa
- grid.260975.f0000 0001 0671 5144Department of Animal Model Development, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, 951-8585 Japan
| | - Kenji Sakimura
- grid.260975.f0000 0001 0671 5144Department of Animal Model Development, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, 951-8585 Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Furuyashiki
- grid.31432.370000 0001 1092 3077Division of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, Hyogo, 650-0017 Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Nawa
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, 951-8585, Japan. .,Department of Physiological Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, 640-8156, Japan.
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Li Z, Bi H, Jiang H, Song J, Meng Q, Zhang Y, Fei X. Neuroprotective effect of emodin against Alzheimer's disease via Nrf2 signaling in U251 cells and APP/PS1 mice. Mol Med Rep 2020; 23:108. [PMID: 33300068 PMCID: PMC7723071 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Emodin is a naturally-occurring medicinal herbal ingredient that possesses numerous pharmacological properties, including anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. In the present study, potential neuroprotective effects associated with the antioxidant activity of emodin were assessed in U251 cells that were subjected to β-amyloid peptide (Aβ)-induced apoptosis and in amyloid precursor protein (APP)/presenilin-1 (PS1) double-transgenic mice. U251 is a type of human astroglioma cell line (cat. no. BNCC337874; BeNa Culture Collection). In apoptotic U251 cells, 3-h emodin pre-treatment prior to 24-h Aβ co-exposure improved cell viability, suppressed lactate dehydrogenase leakage and caspase-3, −8 and −9 activation to inhibit apoptosis. Compared with those after Aβ exposure alone, emodin ameliorated the dissipation of the mitochondrial membrane potential, inhibited the over-accumulation of reactive oxygen species, enhanced the expression levels of nuclear factor-erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), haemeoxygenase-1, superoxide dismutase 1, Bcl-2 and catalase in addition to decreasing the expression levels of Bax. In APP/PS1 mice, an 8-week course of emodin administration improved spatial memory and learning ability and decreased anxiety. Emodin was also found to regulate key components in the Nrf2 pathway and decreased the deposition of Aβ, phosphorylated-τ and 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal in APP/PS1 mice. Taken together, the present data suggest that emodin may serve as a promising candidate for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiping Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Hui Bi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Hongbo Jiang
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, P.R. China
| | - Jingjing Song
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, P.R. China
| | - Qingfan Meng
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, P.R. China
| | - Yizhi Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, P.R. China
| | - Xiaofang Fei
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, P.R. China
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Paudel P, Seong SH, Fauzi FM, Bender A, Jung HA, Choi JS. Establishing GPCR Targets of hMAO Active Anthraquinones from Cassia obtusifolia Linn Seeds Using In Silico and In Vitro Methods. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:7705-7715. [PMID: 32280914 PMCID: PMC7144155 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c00684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The present study examines the effect of human monoamine oxidase active anthraquinones emodin, alaternin (=7-hydroxyemodin), aloe-emodin, and questin from Cassia obtusifolia Linn seeds in modulating human dopamine (hD1R, hD3R, and hD4R), serotonin (h5-HT1AR), and vasopressin (hV1AR) receptors that were predicted as prime targets from proteocheminformatics modeling via in vitro cell-based functional assays, and explores the possible mechanisms of action via in silico modeling. Emodin and alaternin showed a concentration-dependent agonist effect on hD3R with EC50 values of 21.85 ± 2.66 and 56.85 ± 4.59 μM, respectively. On hV1AR, emodin and alaternin showed an antagonist effect with IC50 values of 10.25 ± 1.97 and 11.51 ± 1.08 μM, respectively. Interestingly, questin and aloe-emodin did not have any observable effect on hV1AR. Only alaternin was effective in antagonizing h5-HT1AR (IC50: 84.23 ± 4.12 μM). In silico studies revealed that a hydroxyl group at C1, C3, and C8 and a methyl group at C6 of anthraquinone structure are essential for hD3R agonist and hV1AR antagonist effects, as well as for the H-bond interaction of 1-OH group with Ser192 at a proximity of 2.0 Å. Thus, based on in silico and in vitro results, hV1AR, hD3R, and h5-HT1AR appear to be prime targets of the tested anthraquinones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradeep Paudel
- Department
of Food and Life Science, Pukyong National
University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Hui Seong
- Department
of Food and Life Science, Pukyong National
University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Fazlin Mohd Fauzi
- Department
of Pharmacology and Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Selangor Branch, Puncak Alam Campus, 42300 Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Andreas Bender
- Center
for Molecular Science Informatics, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, CB2
1EW Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Hyun Ah Jung
- Department
of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Jeonbuk
National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
- . Tel: 82-63-270-4882. Fax: 82-63-270-3854
| | - Jae Sue Choi
- Department
of Food and Life Science, Pukyong National
University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
- . Tel: +82-51-629-5845. Fax: +82-51-629 5842
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10
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Mok SWF, Wong VKW, Lo HH, de Seabra Rodrigues Dias IR, Leung ELH, Law BYK, Liu L. Natural products-based polypharmacological modulation of the peripheral immune system for the treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders. Pharmacol Ther 2020; 208:107480. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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11
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Clozapine-dependent inhibition of EGF/neuregulin receptor (ErbB) kinases. Transl Psychiatry 2019; 9:181. [PMID: 31371697 PMCID: PMC6675791 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-019-0519-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Clozapine is an antipsychotic agent prescribed to psychotic patients exhibiting tolerance and/or resistance to the conventional antipsychotic medications that mainly drive monoamine antagonism. As the pharmacological fundamentals of its unique antipsychotic profile have been unrevealed, here, we attempted to obtain hints at this question. Here, we found that clozapine directly acts on ErbB kinases to downregulate epidermal growth factor (EGF)/neuregulin signaling. In cultured cell lines and cortical neurons, EGF-triggered ErbB1 phosphorylation was diminished by 30 μM clozapine, but not haloperidol, risperidone, or olanzapine. The neuregulin-1-triggered ErbB4 phosphorylation was attenuated by 10 μM clozapine and 30 μM haloperidol. We assumed that clozapine may directly interact with the ErbB tyrosine kinases and affect their enzyme activity. To test this assumption, we performed in vitro kinase assays using recombinant truncated ErbB kinases. Clozapine (3-30 μM) significantly decreased the enzyme activity of the truncated ErbB1, B2, and B4 kinases. Acute in vivo administration of clozapine (20 mg/kg) to adult rats significantly suppressed the basal phosphorylation levels of ErbB4 in the brain, although we failed to detect effects on basal ErbB1 phosphorylation. Altogether with the previous findings that quinazoline inhibitors for ErbB kinases harbor antipsychotic potential in animal models for schizophrenia, our present observations suggest the possibility that the micromolar concentrations of clozapine can attenuate the activity of ErbB receptor kinases, which might illustrate a part of its unique antipsychotic psychopharmacology.
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Dadhania VP, Trivedi PP, Vikram A, Tripathi DN. Nutraceuticals against Neurodegeneration: A Mechanistic Insight. Curr Neuropharmacol 2017; 14:627-40. [PMID: 26725888 PMCID: PMC4981739 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x14666160104142223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Revised: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 01/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms underlying neurodegenerative disorders are complex and multifactorial; however, accumulating evidences suggest few common shared pathways. These common pathways include mitochondrial dysfunction, intracellular Ca2+ overload, oxidative stress and inflammation. Often multiple pathways co-exist, and therefore limit the benefits of therapeutic interventions. Nutraceuticals have recently gained importance owing to their multifaceted effects. These food-based approaches are believed to target multiple pathways in a slow but more physiological manner without causing severe adverse effects. Available information strongly supports the notion that apart from preventing the onset of neuronal damage, nutraceuticals can potentially attenuate the continued progression of neuronal destruction. In this article, we i) review the common pathways involved in the pathogenesis of the toxicants-induced neurotoxicity and neurodegenerative disorders with special emphasis on Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), Huntington's disease (HD), Multiple sclerosis (MS) and Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and ii) summarize current research advancements on the effects of nutraceuticals against these detrimental pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ajit Vikram
- Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA-52240, USA.
| | - Durga Nand Tripathi
- DNT at Center for Translational Cancer Research, Institute of Biosciences & Technology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Houston, TX-77030, USA.
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Monisha BA, Kumar N, Tiku AB. Emodin and Its Role in Chronic Diseases. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2016; 928:47-73. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-41334-1_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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14
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Chen J, Zeng F, Forrester SJ, Eguchi S, Zhang MZ, Harris RC. Expression and Function of the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor in Physiology and Disease. Physiol Rev 2016; 96:1025-1069. [DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00030.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is the prototypical member of a family of membrane-associated intrinsic tyrosine kinase receptors, the ErbB family. EGFR is activated by multiple ligands, including EGF, transforming growth factor (TGF)-α, HB-EGF, betacellulin, amphiregulin, epiregulin, and epigen. EGFR is expressed in multiple organs and plays important roles in proliferation, survival, and differentiation in both development and normal physiology, as well as in pathophysiological conditions. In addition, EGFR transactivation underlies some important biologic consequences in response to many G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) agonists. Aberrant EGFR activation is a significant factor in development and progression of multiple cancers, which has led to development of mechanism-based therapies with specific receptor antibodies and tyrosine kinase inhibitors. This review highlights the current knowledge about mechanisms and roles of EGFR in physiology and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianchun Chen
- Departments of Medicine, Cancer Biology, and Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine and Nashville Veterans Affairs Hospital, Nashville, Tennessee; and Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Fenghua Zeng
- Departments of Medicine, Cancer Biology, and Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine and Nashville Veterans Affairs Hospital, Nashville, Tennessee; and Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Steven J. Forrester
- Departments of Medicine, Cancer Biology, and Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine and Nashville Veterans Affairs Hospital, Nashville, Tennessee; and Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Satoru Eguchi
- Departments of Medicine, Cancer Biology, and Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine and Nashville Veterans Affairs Hospital, Nashville, Tennessee; and Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Ming-Zhi Zhang
- Departments of Medicine, Cancer Biology, and Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine and Nashville Veterans Affairs Hospital, Nashville, Tennessee; and Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Raymond C. Harris
- Departments of Medicine, Cancer Biology, and Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine and Nashville Veterans Affairs Hospital, Nashville, Tennessee; and Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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Nagano T, Mizuno M, Morita K, Nawa H. Pathological Implications of Oxidative Stress in Patients and Animal Models with Schizophrenia: The Role of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Signaling. Curr Top Behav Neurosci 2016; 29:429-446. [PMID: 26475158 DOI: 10.1007/7854_2015_399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Proinflammatory cytokines perturb brain development and neurotransmission and are implicated in various psychiatric diseases, such as schizophrenia and depression. These cytokines often induce the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and regulate not only cell survival and proliferation but also inflammatory process and neurotransmission. Under physiological conditions, ROS are moderately produced in mitochondria but are rapidly scavenged by reducing agents in cells. However, brain injury, ischemia, infection, or seizure-like neural activities induce inflammatory cytokines and trigger the production of excessive amounts of ROS, leading to abnormal brain functions and psychiatric symptoms. Protein phosphatases, which are involved in the basal silencing of cytokine receptor activation, are the major targets of ROS. Consistent with this, several ROS scavengers, such as polyphenols and unsaturated fatty acids, attenuate both cytokine signaling and psychiatric abnormalities. In this review, we list the inducers, producers, targets, and scavengers of ROS in the brain and discuss the interaction between ROS and cytokine signaling implicated in schizophrenia and its animal models. In particular, we present an animal model of schizophrenia established by perinatal exposure to epidermal growth factor and illustrate the pathological role of ROS and antipsychotic actions of ROS scavengers, such as emodin and edaravone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadasato Nagano
- Faculty of Human Life Studies, University of Niigata Prefecture, 471 Ebigase, Higashi-ku, Niigata, 950-8680, Japan
| | - Makoto Mizuno
- Aichi Human Service Center, Institute for Developmental Research, Kasugai, Aichi, 480-0392, Japan
| | - Keisuke Morita
- Department of Molecular Biology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Asahimachi-Dori 1-757, Niigata, 951-8585, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Nawa
- Department of Molecular Biology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Asahimachi-Dori 1-757, Niigata, 951-8585, Japan.
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16
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Abstract
Over the past 60 years, a large number of selective neurotoxins were discovered and developed, making it possible to animal-model a broad range of human neuropsychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders. In this paper, we highlight those neurotoxins that are most commonly used as neuroteratologic agents, to either produce lifelong destruction of neurons of a particular phenotype, or a group of neurons linked by a specific class of transporter proteins (i.e., dopamine transporter) or body of receptors for a specific neurotransmitter (i.e., NMDA class of glutamate receptors). Actions of a range of neurotoxins are described: 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA), 6-hydroxydopa, DSP-4, MPTP, methamphetamine, IgG-saporin, domoate, NMDA receptor antagonists, and valproate. Their neuroteratologic features are outlined, as well as those of nerve growth factor, epidermal growth factor, and that of stress. The value of each of these neurotoxins in animal modeling of human neurologic, neurodegenerative, and neuropsychiatric disorders is discussed in terms of the respective value as well as limitations of the derived animal model. Neuroteratologic agents have proven to be of immense importance for understanding how associated neural systems in human neural disorders may be better targeted by new therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trevor Archer
- Department of Psychology, University of Gothenburg, Box 500, 430 50, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Richard M Kostrzewa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, PO Box 70577, Johnson City, TN, 37614, USA
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17
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Abstract
Molecular profiling studies have helped increase the understanding of the immune processes thought to be involved in the etiology and pathophysiology of psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia. Current therapeutic interventions with first- and second-generation antipsychotics are suboptimal. Poor response rates and debilitating side effects often lead to poor treatment compliance. This highlights the pressing need to identify more effective treatments as well as objective biomarker based tests, which can help predict treatment response and identify diagnostic subpopulations. Such tests could enable early detection of patients who will benefit from particular therapeutic interventions. In this review, we discuss studies relating to dysfunctions of the immune system in patients with schizophrenia and the effects of antipsychotic medication on the molecular components of these systems. Immune system dysfunction may in part be related to genetic risk factors for schizophrenia, but there is substantial evidence that a wide range of environmental factors ranging from exposure to infectious agents such as influenza and Toxoplasma gondii to HPA axis dysfunction play an important role in the etiopathogenesis of schizophrenia. Ongoing research efforts, testing therapeutic efficacy of anti-inflammatory agents used as add-on medications are also discussed. From a therapeutic perspective, these represent the initial steps toward novel treatment approaches and more effective patient care in the field of mental health.
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Moran PM, O'Tuathaigh CM, Papaleo F, Waddington JL. Dopaminergic function in relation to genes associated with risk for schizophrenia. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2014; 211:79-112. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-63425-2.00004-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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19
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Mouri A, Nagai T, Ibi D, Yamada K. Animal models of schizophrenia for molecular and pharmacological intervention and potential candidate molecules. Neurobiol Dis 2013; 53:61-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2012.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2012] [Revised: 10/23/2012] [Accepted: 10/28/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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20
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Mizuno M, Sotoyama H, Namba H, Shibuya M, Eda T, Wang R, Okubo T, Nagata K, Iwakura Y, Nawa H. ErbB inhibitors ameliorate behavioral impairments of an animal model for schizophrenia: implication of their dopamine-modulatory actions. Transl Psychiatry 2013; 3:e252. [PMID: 23632456 PMCID: PMC3641415 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2013.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Ligands for ErbB receptors, including epidermal growth factor (EGF) and neuregulin-1, have a neurotrophic activity on midbrain dopaminergic neurons and are implicated in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Although ErbB kinase inhibitors ameliorate behavioral deficits of the schizophrenia model that was established by hippocampal lesioning of rat pups, the antipsychotic action of ErbB kinase inhibitors and its general applicability to other models are not fully characterized. Using a different animal model, here, we examined whether and how ErbB kinase inhibitors ameliorate the behavioral endophenotypes relevant to schizophrenia. The animal model for schizophrenia was prepared by exposing neonatal rats to the cytokine EGF. Intraventricular infusion of the ErbB1 inhibitors ZD1839 and PD153035 in these animals ameliorated the deficits in startle response and prepulse inhibition in a dose-dependent manner. The deficits of latent inhibition of fear learning were also alleviated by ZD1839 with its limited effects on body weight gain or locomotor activity. ZD1839 infusion also decreased the busting activity of nigral dopamine (DA) neurons and reduced pallidal DA metabolism, a result that mimics the anti-dopaminergic profile of risperidone and haloperidol in this brain region. ErbB inhibitors appear to have anti-dopaminergic actions to alleviate some of the behavioral deficits common to animal models for schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Mizuno
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan,Institute for Developmental Research, Aichi Human Service Center, Kasugai, Aichi, Japan
| | - H Sotoyama
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - H Namba
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - M Shibuya
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - T Eda
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - R Wang
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - T Okubo
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - K Nagata
- Institute for Developmental Research, Aichi Human Service Center, Kasugai, Aichi, Japan
| | - Y Iwakura
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - H Nawa
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan,Department of Molecular Biology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Asahimachi-dori 1-757, Niigata 951-8585, Japan. E-mail:
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21
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Iwakura Y, Nawa H. ErbB1-4-dependent EGF/neuregulin signals and their cross talk in the central nervous system: pathological implications in schizophrenia and Parkinson's disease. Front Cell Neurosci 2013; 7:4. [PMID: 23408472 PMCID: PMC3570895 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2013.00004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2012] [Accepted: 01/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Ligands for ErbB1-4 receptor tyrosine kinases, such as epidermal growth factor (EGF) and neuregulins, regulate brain development and function. Thus, abnormalities in their signaling are implicated in the etiology or pathology of schizophrenia and Parkinson's disease. Among the ErbB receptors, ErbB1, and ErbB4 are expressed in dopamine and GABA neurons, while ErbB1, 2, and/or 3 are mainly present in oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, and their precursors. Thus, deficits in ErbB signaling might contribute to the neurological and psychiatric diseases stemming from these cell types. By incorporating the latest cancer molecular biology as well as our recent progress, we discuss signal cross talk between the ErbB1-4 subunits and their neurobiological functions in each cell type. The potential contribution of virus-derived cytokines (virokines) that mimic EGF and neuregulin-1 in brain diseases are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuriko Iwakura
- Division of Molecular Neurobiology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University Niigata, Japan
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22
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Bryant CD, Parker CC, Zhou L, Olker C, Chandrasekaran RY, Wager TT, Bolivar VJ, Loudon AS, Vitaterna MH, Turek FW, Palmer AA. Csnk1e is a genetic regulator of sensitivity to psychostimulants and opioids. Neuropsychopharmacology 2012; 37:1026-35. [PMID: 22089318 PMCID: PMC3280656 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2011.287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Csnk1e, the gene encoding casein kinase 1-epsilon, has been implicated in sensitivity to amphetamines. Additionally, a polymorphism in CSNK1E was associated with heroin addiction, suggesting that this gene may also affect opioid sensitivity. In this study, we first conducted genome-wide quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping of methamphetamine (MA)-induced locomotor activity in C57BL/6J (B6) × DBA/2J (D2)-F(2) mice and a more highly recombinant F(8) advanced intercross line. We identified a QTL on chromosome 15 that contained Csnk1e (63-86 Mb; Csnk1e=79.25 Mb). We replicated this result and further narrowed the locus using B6.D2(Csnk1e) and D2.B6(Csnk1e) reciprocal congenic lines (78-86.8 and 78.7-81.6 Mb, respectively). This locus also affected sensitivity to the μ-opioid receptor agonist fentanyl. Next, we directly tested the hypothesis that Csnk1e is a genetic regulator of sensitivity to psychostimulants and opioids. Mice harboring a null allele of Csnk1e showed an increase in locomotor activity following MA administration. Consistent with this result, coadministration of a selective pharmacological inhibitor of Csnk1e (PF-4800567) increased the locomotor stimulant response to both MA and fentanyl. These results show that a narrow genetic locus that contains Csnk1e is associated with differences in sensitivity to MA and fentanyl. Furthermore, gene knockout and selective pharmacological inhibition of Csnk1e define its role as a negative regulator of sensitivity to psychostimulants and opioids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camron D Bryant
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Clarissa C Parker
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Lili Zhou
- Center for Sleep and Circadian Biology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA,Department of Neurobiology and Physiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Christopher Olker
- Center for Sleep and Circadian Biology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA,Department of Neurobiology and Physiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | | | - Travis T Wager
- Neuroscience Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Worldwide Research Development, Groton, CT, USA
| | - Valerie J Bolivar
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, USA,Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Public Health, State University of New York at Albany, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Andrew S Loudon
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Martha H Vitaterna
- Center for Sleep and Circadian Biology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA,Department of Neurobiology and Physiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Fred W Turek
- Center for Sleep and Circadian Biology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA,Department of Neurobiology and Physiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Abraham A Palmer
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA,Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, 920 E 58th Street, CLSC 507D, Chicago, IL 60637, USA, Tel: +1 773 834 2897, Fax: +1 773 834 0505, E-mail:
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23
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Ali BH, Al-Salam S, Al Husseini IS, Al-Lawati I, Waly M, Yasin J, Fahim M, Nemmar A. Abrogation of cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity by emodin in rats. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2011; 27:192-200. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-8206.2011.01003.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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24
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Kannappan R, Gupta SC, Kim JH, Reuter S, Aggarwal BB. Neuroprotection by spice-derived nutraceuticals: you are what you eat! Mol Neurobiol 2011; 44:142-59. [PMID: 21360003 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-011-8168-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2010] [Accepted: 02/03/2011] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Numerous lines of evidence indicate that chronic inflammation plays a major role in the development of various neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, brain tumor, and meningitis. Why these diseases are more common among people from some countries than others is not fully understood, but lifestyle factors have been linked to the development of neurodegenerative diseases. For example, the incidence of certain neurodegenerative diseases among people living in the Asian subcontinent, where people regularly consume spices, is much lower than in countries of the western world. Extensive research over the last 10 years has indicated that nutraceuticals derived from such spices as turmeric, red pepper, black pepper, licorice, clove, ginger, garlic, coriander, and cinnamon target inflammatory pathways, thereby may prevent neurodegenerative diseases. How these nutraceuticals modulate various pathways and how they exert neuroprotection are the focus of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramaswamy Kannappan
- Cytokine Research Laboratory, Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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25
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Mizuno M, Iwakura Y, Shibuya M, Zheng Y, Eda T, Kato T, Takasu Y, Nawa H. Antipsychotic potential of quinazoline ErbB1 inhibitors in a schizophrenia model established with neonatal hippocampal lesioning. J Pharmacol Sci 2010; 114:320-31. [PMID: 20962455 DOI: 10.1254/jphs.10099fp] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyper-signaling of the epidermal growth factor receptor family (ErbB) is implicated in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Various quinazoline inhibitors targeting ErbB1 or ErbB2 - 4 have been developed as anti-cancer agents and might be useful for antipsychotic treatment. In the present study, we used an animal model of schizophrenia established by neonatal hippocampal lesioning and evaluated the neurobehavioral consequences of ErbB1-inhibitor treatment. Subchronic administration of the ErbB1 inhibitor ZD1839 to the cerebroventricle of rats receiving neonatal hippocampal lesioning ameliorated deficits in prepulse inhibition as well as those in the latent inhibition of tone-dependent fear learning. There were no apparent adverse effects on basal learning scores or locomotor activity, however. The administration of other ErbB1 inhibitors, PD153035 and OSI-774, similarly attenuated the prepulse inhibition impairment of this animal model. In parallel, there were decreases in ErbB1 phosphorylation in animals treated with ErbB1 inhibitors. These results indicate an antipsychotic potential of quinazoline ErbB1 inhibitors. ErbB receptor tyrosine kinases may be novel therapeutic targets for schizophrenia or its related psychotic symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Mizuno
- Center for Transdisciplinary Research, Niigata University, Japan
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26
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Mizuno M, Kawamura H, Ishizuka Y, Sotoyama H, Nawa H. The anthraquinone derivative emodin attenuates methamphetamine-induced hyperlocomotion and startle response in rats. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2010; 97:392-8. [PMID: 20863847 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2010.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2009] [Revised: 09/14/2010] [Accepted: 09/14/2010] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Abnormal signaling mediated by epidermal growth factor (EGF) or its receptor (ErbB) is implicated in the neuropathology of schizophrenia. Previously, we found that the anthraquinone derivative emodin (3-methyl-1,6,8-trihydroxyanthraquinone) inhibits ErbB1 signaling and ameliorates behavioral deficits of the schizophrenia animal model established by EGF challenge. In the present study, we assessed acute and subchronic effects of its administration on methamphetamine-triggered behavioral hyperactivation in rats. Prior subchronic administration of emodin (50mg/kg/day, 5days, p.o.) suppressed both higher acoustic startle responses and hyperlocomotion induced by acute methamphetamine challenge. In parallel, emodin also attenuated methamphetamine-induced increases in dopamine and its metabolites and decreases in serotonin and its metabolites. Emodin administered alone also had an effect on stereotypic movement but no influence on horizontal or vertical locomotor activity. In contrast to pre-treatment, post-treatment with emodin had no effect on behavioral sensitization to methamphetamine. Administration of emodin in parallel to or following repeated methamphetamine challenge failed to affect hyperlocomotion induced by methamphetamine re-challenges. These findings suggest that emodin has unique pharmacological activity, which interferes with acute methamphetamine signaling and behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Mizuno
- Center for Transdisciplinary Research, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan.
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Watanabe Y, Someya T, Nawa H. Cytokine hypothesis of schizophrenia pathogenesis: evidence from human studies and animal models. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2010; 64:217-30. [PMID: 20602722 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1819.2010.02094.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The pathogenesis of schizophrenia has yet to be fully characterized. Gene-environment interactions have been found to play a crucial role in the vulnerability to this disease. Among various environmental factors, inflammatory immune processes have been most clearly implicated in the etiology and pathology of schizophrenia. Cytokines, regulators of immune/inflammatory reactions and brain development, emerge as part of a common pathway of genetic and environmental components of schizophrenia. Maternal infection, obstetric complications, neonatal hypoxia and brain injury all recruit cytokines to mediate inflammatory processes. Abnormal expression levels of specific cytokines such as epidermal growth factor, interleukins (IL) and neuregulin-1 are found both in the brain and peripheral blood of patients with schizophrenia. Accordingly, cytokines have been proposed to transmit peripheral immune/inflammatory signals to immature brain tissue through the developing blood-brain barrier, perturbing structural and phenotypic development of the brain. This cytokine hypothesis of schizophrenia is also supported by modeling experiments in animals. Animals treated with specific cytokines of epidermal growth factor, IL-1, IL-6, and neuregulin-1 as embryos or neonates exhibit schizophrenia-like behavioral abnormalities after puberty, some of which are ameliorated by treatment with antipsychotics. In this review, we discuss the neurobiological mechanisms underlying schizophrenia and novel antipsychotic candidates based on the cytokine hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichiro Watanabe
- Department of Psychiatry, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan.
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