1
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Kim DH, Jeong RD, Choi S, Ju HJ, Yoon JY. Application of Rapid and Reliable Detection of Cymbidium Mosaic Virus by Reverse Transcription Recombinase Polymerase Amplification Combined with Lateral Flow Immunoassay. THE PLANT PATHOLOGY JOURNAL 2022; 38:665-672. [PMID: 36503195 PMCID: PMC9742802 DOI: 10.5423/ppj.ft.10.2022.0147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Cymbidium mosaic virus (CymMV) is one of economically important viruses that cause significant losses of orchids in the world. In the present study, a reverse transcription recombinase polymerase amplification (RT-RPA) assay combined with a lateral flow immunostrip (LFI) assay was developed for the detection of CymMV in orchid plants. A pair of primers containing fluorescent probes at each terminus that amplifies highly specifically a part of the coat protein gene of CymMV was determined for RT-RPA assay. The RT-RPA assay involved incubation at an isothermal temperature (39°C) and could be performed rapidly within 30 min. In addition, no cross-reactivity was observed to occur with odontoglossum ringspot virus and cymbidium chlorotic mosaic virus. The RT-RPA with LFI assay (RT-RPA-LFI) for CymMV showed 100 times more sensitivity than conventional reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Furthermore, the RT-PCR-LFI assay demonstrated the simplicity and the rapidity of CymMV detection since the assay did not require any equipment, by comparing results with those of conventional RT-PCR. On-site application of the RT-RPA-LFI assay was validated for the detection of CymMV in field-collected orchids, indicating a simple, rapid, sensitive, and reliable method for detecting CymMV in orchids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Do-Hyun Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896,
Korea
| | - Rae-Dong Jeong
- Department of Applied Biology, Institute of Environmentally Friendly Agriculture, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61185,
Korea
| | - Sena Choi
- Horticulture and Herbal Crop Environment Division, National Institute of Horticulture and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365,
Korea
| | - Ho-Jong Ju
- Department of Agricultural Biology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896,
Korea
- Department of Plant Protection and Quarantine, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896,
Korea
| | - Ju-Yeon Yoon
- Department of Plant Protection and Quarantine, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896,
Korea
- Department of Agricultural Convergence Technology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896,
Korea
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2
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Plug-and-Display Photo-Switchable Systems on Plant Virus Nanoparticles. BIOTECH (BASEL (SWITZERLAND)) 2022; 11:biotech11040049. [PMID: 36278561 PMCID: PMC9589989 DOI: 10.3390/biotech11040049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Light can be used to regulate protein interactions with a high degree of spatial and temporal precision. Photo-switchable systems therefore allow the development of controllable protein complexes that can influence various cellular and molecular processes. Here, we describe a plant virus-based nanoparticle shuttle for the distribution of proteins that can be released when exposed to light. Potato virus X (PVX) is often used as a presentation system for heterologous proteins and epitopes, and has ideal properties for biomedical applications such as good tissue penetration and the ability to form hydrogels that present signaling molecules and promote cell adhesion. In this study, we describe three different systems attached to the surface of PVX particles: LOVTRAP, BphP1/QPAS1 and Dronpa145N. We demonstrated the functionality of all three photo-switchable protein complexes in vitro and the successful loading and unloading of PVX particles. The new systems provide the basis for promising applications in the biomedical and biomaterial sciences.
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3
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Ali A, Melcher U. Modeling of Mutational Events in the Evolution of Viruses. Viruses 2019; 11:v11050418. [PMID: 31060293 PMCID: PMC6563203 DOI: 10.3390/v11050418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 04/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Diverse studies of viral evolution have led to the recognition that the evolutionary rates of viral taxa observed are dependent on the time scale being investigated—with short-term studies giving fast substitution rates, and orders of magnitude lower rates for deep calibrations. Although each of these factors may contribute to this time dependent rate phenomenon, a more fundamental cause should be considered. We sought to test computationally whether the basic phenomena of virus evolution (mutation, replication, and selection) can explain the relationships between the evolutionary and phylogenetic distances. We tested, by computational inference, the hypothesis that the phylogenetic distances between the pairs of sequences are functions of the evolutionary path lengths between them. A Basic simulation revealed that the relationship between simulated genetic and mutational distances is non-linear, and can be consistent with different rates of nucleotide substitution at different depths of branches in phylogenetic trees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akhtar Ali
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK 74104, USA.
| | - Ulrich Melcher
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078-3035, USA.
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Ur Rehman A, Li Z, Yang Z, Waqas M, Wang G, Xu W, Li F, Hong N. The Coat Protein of Citrus Yellow Vein Clearing Virus Interacts with Viral Movement Proteins and Serves as an RNA Silencing Suppressor. Viruses 2019; 11:E329. [PMID: 30959816 PMCID: PMC6520955 DOI: 10.3390/v11040329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Citrus yellow vein clearing virus is a newly accepted member of the genus Mandarivirus in the family Alphaflexiviridae. The triple gene block proteins (TGBp1, TGBp2 and TGBp3) encoded by plant viruses in this family function on facilitating virus movement. However, the protein function of citrus yellow vein clearing virus (CYVCV) have never been explored. Here, we showed in both yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) and bimolecular fluorescence (BiFC) assays that the coat protein (CP), TGBp1 and TGBp2 of CYVCV are self-interacting. Its CP also interacts with all three TGB proteins, and TGBp1 and TGBp2 interact with each other but not with TGBp3. Furthermore, the viral CP colocalizes with TGBp1 and TGBp3 at the plasmodesmata (PD) of epidermal cells of Nicotiana benthamiana leaves, and TGBp1 can translocate TGBp2 from granular-like structures embedded within ER networks to the PD. The results suggest that these proteins could coexist at the PD of epidermal cells of N. benthamiana. Using Agrobacterium infiltration-mediated RNA silencing assays, we show that CYVCV CP is a strong RNA silencing suppressor (RSS) triggered by positive-sense green fluorescent protein (GFP) RNA. The presented results provide insights for further revealing the mechanism of the viral movement and suppression of RNA silencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atta Ur Rehman
- Key Lab of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop (Fruit Trees) Biology and Germplasm Creation of the Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430070, China.
- Plant Pathology Section, Central Cotton Research Institute, Sakrand, Sindh 67210, Pakistan.
| | - Zhuoran Li
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (MOE), College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Zuokun Yang
- Key Lab of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop (Fruit Trees) Biology and Germplasm Creation of the Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Muhammad Waqas
- Key Lab of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Guoping Wang
- Key Lab of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop (Fruit Trees) Biology and Germplasm Creation of the Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Wenxing Xu
- Key Lab of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop (Fruit Trees) Biology and Germplasm Creation of the Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Feng Li
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (MOE), College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Ni Hong
- Key Lab of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop (Fruit Trees) Biology and Germplasm Creation of the Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430070, China.
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Röder J, Dickmeis C, Commandeur U. Small, Smaller, Nano: New Applications for Potato Virus X in Nanotechnology. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:158. [PMID: 30838013 PMCID: PMC6390637 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Nanotechnology is an expanding interdisciplinary field concerning the development and application of nanostructured materials derived from inorganic compounds or organic polymers and peptides. Among these latter materials, proteinaceous plant virus nanoparticles have emerged as a key platform for the introduction of tailored functionalities by genetic engineering and conjugation chemistry. Tobacco mosaic virus and Cowpea mosaic virus have already been developed for bioimaging, vaccination and electronics applications, but the flexible and filamentous Potato virus X (PVX) has received comparatively little attention. The filamentous structure of PVX particles allows them to carry large payloads, which are advantageous for applications such as biomedical imaging in which multi-functional scaffolds with a high aspect ratio are required. In this context, PVX achieves superior tumor homing and retention properties compared to spherical nanoparticles. Because PVX is a protein-based nanoparticle, its unique functional properties are combined with enhanced biocompatibility, making it much more suitable for biomedical applications than synthetic nanomaterials. Moreover, PVX nanoparticles have very low toxicity in vivo, and superior pharmacokinetic profiles. This review focuses on the production of PVX nanoparticles engineered using chemical and/or biological techniques, and describes current and future opportunities and challenges for the application of PVX nanoparticles in medicine, diagnostics, materials science, and biocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ulrich Commandeur
- Institute for Molecular Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
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Zhang T, Zhao X, Jiang L, Yang X, Chen Y, Song X, Lu Y, Peng J, Zheng H, Wu Y, MacFarlane S, Chen J, Yan F. p15 encoded by Garlic virus X is a pathogenicity factor and RNA silencing suppressor. J Gen Virol 2018; 99:1515-1521. [PMID: 30207520 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Garlic virus X (GarVX) encodes a 15 kDa cysteine-rich protein (CRP). To investigate the function(s) of p15, its subcellular localization, role as a symptom determinant and capacity to act as a viral suppressor of RNA silencing (VSR) were analysed. Results showed that GFP-tagged p15 was distributed in the cytoplasm, nucleus and nucleolus. Expression of p15 from PVX caused additional systemic foliar malformation and led to increased accumulation of PVX, showing that p15 is a virulence factor for reconstructed PVX-p15. Moreover, using a transient agro-infiltration patch assay and a Turnip crinkle virus (TCV) movement complementation assay, it was demonstrated that p15 possesses weak RNA silencing suppressor activity. Removal of an amino acid motif resembling a nuclear localization signal (NLS) prevented p15 from accumulating in the nucleus but did not abolish its silencing suppression activity. This study provides the first insights into the multiple functions of the GarVX p15 protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianhao Zhang
- 1College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agriculture University, Shenyang 110161, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Xing Zhao
- 1College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agriculture University, Shenyang 110161, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Liangliang Jiang
- 2Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, PR China
- 3State Key laboratory Breeding Base for Sustainable Control of Pest and Disease, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, PR China
- 4College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Xue Yang
- 1College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agriculture University, Shenyang 110161, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Ying Chen
- 1College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agriculture University, Shenyang 110161, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Xijiao Song
- 5Public Lab, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, PR China
| | - Yuwen Lu
- 2Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, PR China
- 3State Key laboratory Breeding Base for Sustainable Control of Pest and Disease, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, PR China
| | - Jiejun Peng
- 2Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, PR China
- 3State Key laboratory Breeding Base for Sustainable Control of Pest and Disease, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, PR China
| | - Hongying Zheng
- 2Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, PR China
- 3State Key laboratory Breeding Base for Sustainable Control of Pest and Disease, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, PR China
| | - Yuanhua Wu
- 1College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agriculture University, Shenyang 110161, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Stuart MacFarlane
- 6The James Hutton Institute, Cell and Molecular Sciences Group, Invergowrie, Dundee DD2 5DA, UK
| | - Jianping Chen
- 2Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, PR China
- 3State Key laboratory Breeding Base for Sustainable Control of Pest and Disease, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, PR China
| | - Fei Yan
- 2Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, PR China
- 3State Key laboratory Breeding Base for Sustainable Control of Pest and Disease, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, PR China
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7
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Thekke-Veetil T, Ho T, Postman JD, Martin RR, Tzanetakis IE. A Virus in American Blackcurrant ( Ribes americanum) with Distinct Genome Features Reshapes Classification in the Tymovirales. Viruses 2018; 10:v10080406. [PMID: 30081487 PMCID: PMC6115964 DOI: 10.3390/v10080406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel virus with distinct genome features was discovered by high throughput sequencing in a symptomatic blackcurrant plant. The virus, tentatively named Ribes americanum virus A (RAVA), has distinct genome organization and molecular features bridging genera in the order Tymovirales. The genome consists of 7106 nucleotides excluding the poly(A) tail. Five open reading frames were identified, with the first encoding a putative viral replicase with methyl transferase (MTR), AlkB, helicase, and RNA dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) domains. The genome organization downstream of the replicase resembles that of members of the order Tymovirales with an unconventional triple gene block (TGB) movement protein arrangement with none of the other four putative proteins exhibiting significant homology to viral proteins. Phylogenetic analysis using replicase conserved motifs loosely placed RAVA within the Betaflexiviridae. Data strongly suggest that RAVA is a novel virus that should be classified as a species in a new genus in the Betaflexiviridae or a new family within the order Tymovirales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanuja Thekke-Veetil
- Department of Plant Pathology, Division of Agriculture, University of Arkansas System, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA.
| | - Thien Ho
- Department of Plant Pathology, Division of Agriculture, University of Arkansas System, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA.
| | - Joseph D Postman
- National Clonal Germplasm Repository, United States Department of Agriculture, Corvallis, OR 97333, USA.
| | - Robert R Martin
- Horticultural Crops Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
| | - Ioannis E Tzanetakis
- Department of Plant Pathology, Division of Agriculture, University of Arkansas System, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA.
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8
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Chedraoui S, Abi-Rizk A, El-Beyrouthy M, Chalak L, Ouaini N, Rajjou L. Capparis spinosa L. in A Systematic Review: A Xerophilous Species of Multi Values and Promising Potentialities for Agrosystems under the Threat of Global Warming. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1845. [PMID: 29118777 PMCID: PMC5661020 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Caper (Capparis spinosa L.) is a xerophytic shrub with a remarkable adaptability to harsh environments. This plant species is of great interest for its medicinal/pharmacological properties and its culinary uses. Its phytochemical importance relies on many bioactive components present in different organs and its cultivation can be of considerable economic value. Moreover, taxonomic identification of C. spinosa L. has been difficult due to its wide heterogeneity, and many authors fell into confusion due to the scarcity of genetic studies. The present review summarizes information concerning C. spinosa L. including agronomic performance, botanical description, taxonomical approaches, traditional pharmacological uses, phytochemical evaluation and genetic studies. This knowledge represents an important tool for further research studies and agronomic development on this indigenous species with respect to the emerging climatic change in the Eastern Mediterranean countries. Indeed, this world region is particularly under the threat of global warming and it appears necessary to rethink agricultural systems to adapt them to current and futures challenging environmental conditions. Capparis spinosa L. could be a part of this approach. So, this review presents a state of the art considering caper as a potential interesting crop under arid or semi-arid regions (such as Eastern Mediterranean countries) within the climate change context. The aim is to raise awareness in the scientific community (geneticists, physiologists, ecophysiologists, agronomists, …) about the caper strengths and interest to the development of this shrub as a crop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Chedraoui
- IJPB, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay), Saclay Plant Sciences (SPS)-RD10, Versailles, France
- Faculty of Agricultural and Food Science, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik, Jounieh, Lebanon
| | - Alain Abi-Rizk
- Faculty of Agricultural and Food Science, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik, Jounieh, Lebanon
| | - Marc El-Beyrouthy
- Faculty of Agricultural and Food Science, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik, Jounieh, Lebanon
| | - Lamis Chalak
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Naim Ouaini
- Faculty of Agricultural and Food Science, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik, Jounieh, Lebanon
| | - Loïc Rajjou
- IJPB, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay), Saclay Plant Sciences (SPS)-RD10, Versailles, France
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9
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Lu Y, Yin M, Wang X, Chen B, Yang X, Peng J, Zheng H, Zhao J, Lin L, Yu C, MacFarlane S, He J, Liu Y, Chen J, Dai L, Yan F. The unfolded protein response and programmed cell death are induced by expression of Garlic virus X p11 in Nicotiana benthamiana. J Gen Virol 2016; 97:1462-1468. [PMID: 27011387 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.000460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Garlic virus X (GarVX) ORF3 encodes a p11 protein, which contributes to virus cell-to-cell movement and forms granules on the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in Nicotiana benthamiana. Expression of p11 either from a binary vector, PVX or TMV induced ER stress and the unfolded protein response (UPR), as demonstrated by an increase in transcription of the ER luminal binding protein (BiP) and bZIP60 genes. UPR-related programmed cell death (PCD) was elicited by PVX : p11 or TMV : p11 in systemic infected leaves. Examination of p11 mutants with deletions of two transmembrane domains (TM) revealed that both were required for generating granules and for inducing necrosis. TRV-based VIGS was used to investigate the correlation between bZIP60 expression and p11-induced UPR-related PCD. Less necrosis was observed on local and systemic leaves of bZIP60 knockdown plants when infected with PVXp11, suggesting that bZIP60 plays an important role in the UPR-related PCD response to p11 in N. benthamiana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuwen Lu
- College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, PR China
- State Key laboratory Breeding Base for Sustainable Control of Pest and Disease, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, PR China
| | - Mingyuan Yin
- Tibet Agricultural and Animal Husbandry College, Linzhi 860000, PR China
| | - Xiaodan Wang
- Virus-free Seedling Research Institute of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 368, Xuefu Road, Harbin 150086, PR China
| | - Binghua Chen
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering of Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, PR China
| | - Xue Yang
- Department of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agriculture University, Shenyang 110161, PR China
| | - Jiejun Peng
- State Key laboratory Breeding Base for Sustainable Control of Pest and Disease, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, PR China
| | - Hongying Zheng
- State Key laboratory Breeding Base for Sustainable Control of Pest and Disease, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, PR China
| | - Jinping Zhao
- State Key laboratory Breeding Base for Sustainable Control of Pest and Disease, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, PR China
| | - Lin Lin
- State Key laboratory Breeding Base for Sustainable Control of Pest and Disease, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, PR China
| | - Chulang Yu
- State Key laboratory Breeding Base for Sustainable Control of Pest and Disease, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, PR China
| | - Stuart MacFarlane
- The James Hutton Institute, Cell and Molecular Sciences Group, Invergowrie, Dundee DD2 5DA, UK
| | - Jianqing He
- Tibet Agricultural and Animal Husbandry College, Linzhi 860000, PR China
| | - Yong Liu
- Institute of Plant Protection, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, PR China
| | - Jianping Chen
- State Key laboratory Breeding Base for Sustainable Control of Pest and Disease, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, PR China
| | - Liangying Dai
- College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, PR China
| | - Fei Yan
- State Key laboratory Breeding Base for Sustainable Control of Pest and Disease, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, PR China
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10
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Simple and portable magnetic immunoassay for rapid detection and sensitive quantification of plant viruses. Appl Environ Microbiol 2015; 81:3039-48. [PMID: 25710366 DOI: 10.1128/aem.03667-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2014] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant pathogens cause major economic losses in the agricultural industry because late detection delays the implementation of measures that can prevent their dissemination. Sensitive and robust procedures for the rapid detection of plant pathogens are therefore required to reduce yield losses and the use of expensive, environmentally damaging chemicals. Here we describe a simple and portable system for the rapid detection of viral pathogens in infected plants based on immunofiltration, subsequent magnetic detection, and the quantification of magnetically labeled virus particles. Grapevine fanleaf virus (GFLV) was chosen as a model pathogen. Monoclonal antibodies recognizing the GFLV capsid protein were immobilized onto immunofiltration columns, and the same antibodies were linked to magnetic nanoparticles. GFLV was quantified by immunofiltration with magnetic labeling in a double-antibody sandwich configuration. A magnetic frequency mixing technique, in which a two-frequency magnetic excitation field was used to induce a sum frequency signal in the resonant detection coil, corresponding to the virus concentration within the immunofiltration column, was used for high-sensitivity quantification. We were able to measure GFLV concentrations in the range of 6 ng/ml to 20 μg/ml in less than 30 min. The magnetic immunoassay could also be adapted to detect other plant viruses, including Potato virus X and Tobacco mosaic virus, with detection limits of 2 to 60 ng/ml.
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11
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Okada M, Ogawa T, Kaiho I, Shinozaki K. Genetic analysis of noroviruses in Chiba Prefecture, Japan, between 1999 and 2004. J Clin Microbiol 2005; 43:4391-401. [PMID: 16145082 PMCID: PMC1234054 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.43.9.4391-4401.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Noroviruses (NVs) are common pathogens that consist of genetically divergent viruses that induce gastroenteritis in humans and animals. Between September 1999 and June 2004, 1,898 samples obtained from patients showing sporadic or outbreak gastroenteritis in Chiba Prefecture, Japan, were tested for NVs by reverse transcription-PCR. NVs were detected in 603 samples. Approximately 80% were positive for genogroup GII, 13% were positive for genogroup GI, and the remaining 7% were positive for both genogroups. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the GI and GII genogroups could be further divided into 13 and 16 genotypes (including new genotypes), respectively. The GII-4 genotype, which included five small genetic clusters (subtypes), was the most common in this study and was detected in approximately 40% of positive samples. The P2 regions of 10 strains belonging to each of the five GII-4 subtypes showed 5 to 18% amino acid diversity. The amino acid substitutions accumulated in the protruding (P) region during the 5-year study period. Our data suggest that highly variable NV strains are circulating in Chiba Prefecture, with a high rate of genetic change observed during the 5-year study period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mineyuki Okada
- Division of Virology, Chiba Prefectural Institute of Public Health, Japan.
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