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Najjar PE, Chidiac S, Probst JL, Omari KE, Ouaini N, Azzi DE. Geochemical signature of the bed sediments at the outlet of the Ibrahim River (Lebanon): temporal variation. Environ Monit Assess 2023; 195:509. [PMID: 36964262 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-11103-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Bed sediments were collected monthly at the outlet of the Ibrahim River between May 2016 and July 2017. Their physical and chemical characteristics were studied to highlight the impact of seasonal variations and discharge on the sediments' geochemical signatures. Granulometric analysis showed that samples collected after rain events contained abundant sand fractions (> 80%), while the clay fraction was more present at the beginning of the dry season, at low monthly average flows (1 m3/s). Ten major elements, 14 rare earth elements (REE), and 30 trace elements (TE) were analyzed. An excess of CaO reflected the contribution of the carbonate rocks of the Ibrahim karstic springs (30.35 ± 3.91%) but CaO concentration decreased during periods of high water. On another hand, no REE enrichment was detected, both in high and low flows. Most sediments collected at low flow had a pronounced REE depletion that occurred particularly for LREE composition (Nd, Pr, Ce, and La). A negative Ce anomaly (0.992) and a positive Eu anomaly (1.313) were revealed with an average La/Yb ratio of 0.570, reflecting a slight enrichment in HREE. Most studied TE were less concentrated than the averages mentioned in PAAS, UCC, and WSA references. However, a Ze enrichment was mainly due to the regional geochemical background, an As enrichment was associated with anthropogenic contribution, and a Zr enrichment was linked to discharges from pharmaceutical industries located at the river outlet. This study still needs to be complemented binding both spatial and temporal criteria for further fluvial sediments' monitoring of the entire catchment area.
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Affiliation(s)
- P El Najjar
- Department of Agricultural and Food Engineering, School of Engineering, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik, P.O. Box 446, Jounieh, Lebanon
- FMPS HOLDING BIOTECKNO s.a.l. Research & Quality Solutions, Naccash, P.O. Box 60 247, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - S Chidiac
- Department of Agricultural and Food Engineering, School of Engineering, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik, P.O. Box 446, Jounieh, Lebanon
| | - J-L Probst
- EcoLab, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, INPT, Campus ENSAT, Avenue de L'Agrobiopole, 31326, Castanet Tolosan, CEDEX, France
| | - K El Omari
- Faculty of Public Health, Lebanese University, Tripoli, Lebanon
- Quality Control Center Laboratories at the Chamber of Commerce, Industry Agriculture of Tripoli and North Lebanon, Tripoli, Lebanon
| | - N Ouaini
- Department of Agricultural and Food Engineering, School of Engineering, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik, P.O. Box 446, Jounieh, Lebanon
| | - D El Azzi
- Department of Agricultural and Food Engineering, School of Engineering, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik, P.O. Box 446, Jounieh, Lebanon.
- Syngenta France SAS, Product Safety, Guyancourt, France.
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Chidiac S, El Najjar P, Ouaini N, El Rayess Y, El Azzi D. A comprehensive review of water quality indices (WQIs): history, models, attempts and perspectives. Rev Environ Sci Biotechnol 2023; 22:349-395. [PMID: 37234131 PMCID: PMC10006569 DOI: 10.1007/s11157-023-09650-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Water quality index (WQI) is one of the most used tools to describe water quality. It is based on physical, chemical, and biological factors that are combined into a single value that ranges from 0 to 100 and involves 4 processes: (1) parameter selection, (2) transformation of the raw data into common scale, (3) providing weights and (4) aggregation of sub-index values. The background of WQI is presented in this review study. the stages of development, the progression of the field of study, the various WQIs, the benefits and drawbacks of each approach, and the most recent attempts at WQI studies. In order to grow and elaborate the index in several ways, WQIs should be linked to scientific breakthroughs (example: ecologically). Consequently, a sophisticated WQI that takes into account statistical methods, interactions between parameters, and scientific and technological improvement should be created in order to be used in future investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Chidiac
- Department of Agricultural and Food Engineering, School of Engineering, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik, P.O.Box 446, Jounieh, Lebanon
| | - Paula El Najjar
- Department of Agricultural and Food Engineering, School of Engineering, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik, P.O.Box 446, Jounieh, Lebanon
- FMPS HOLDING BIOTECKNO s.a.l. Research & Quality Solutions, Naccash, P.O. Box 60 247, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Naim Ouaini
- Department of Agricultural and Food Engineering, School of Engineering, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik, P.O.Box 446, Jounieh, Lebanon
| | - Youssef El Rayess
- Department of Agricultural and Food Engineering, School of Engineering, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik, P.O.Box 446, Jounieh, Lebanon
| | - Desiree El Azzi
- Department of Agricultural and Food Engineering, School of Engineering, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik, P.O.Box 446, Jounieh, Lebanon
- Syngenta, Environmental Safety, Avenue des Près, 78286 Guyancourt, France
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El Najjar P, Pfaffl M, Ouaini N, Abdel Nour A, El Azzi D. Water and sediment microbiota diversity in response to temporal variation at the outlet of the Ibrahim River (Lebanon). Environ Monit Assess 2020; 192:201. [PMID: 32107647 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-020-8139-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial diversity is an important factor controlling the functioning of aquatic ecosystems. With the critical sensitivity of the microbial community towards chemical and/or physical factors, this study aims to identify for the first time the microbiota of the Lebanese coastal Ibrahim River. Water and sediment samples were collected at the outlet of the river, between May 2016 and April 2017, covering a hydrological year. The main microbiological parameters were tested: total germs, total coliforms, fecal coliforms, Escherichia coli, and Enterococcus. A DNA extraction followed by NGS analysis was applied on both water and sediment samples, in order to investigate the bacterial diversity and the habitat specificity. The link between this microbial composition and seasonal variations was then investigated. Results showed fourteen different bacterial phyla, among which were major microorganisms, including a wide variety of pathogenic and commensal ones, frequently available in the aquatic ecosystem. Most of the detected water microbiota were mostly correlated to other freshwater samples, with the main dominance of 5 common phyla: Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, and Acidobacteria with the average of 43%, 13%, 16%, 10%, and 4% respectively. Despite this overall similarity, multiple patterns were visible, confirming the influence of the temporal variations and the discharge influence on taxonomic diversity. Sediment samples contained the highest relative abundance of Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, and Bacteroidetes: with an average of 31%, 44%, and 22% respectively. Our study showed that the Ibrahim River outlet has a specific habitat clustering. The among-compartment bacterial community variation, which responded to changing environmental factors, approved the existence of a meaningful temporal heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- P El Najjar
- Department of Agriculture and Food Engineering, School of Engineering, Holy Spirit University, Kaslik, Lebanon
| | - M Pfaffl
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Munich, Germany
| | - N Ouaini
- Department of Agriculture and Food Engineering, School of Engineering, Holy Spirit University, Kaslik, Lebanon
| | - A Abdel Nour
- Department of Agriculture and Food Engineering, School of Engineering, Holy Spirit University, Kaslik, Lebanon
| | - D El Azzi
- Department of Agriculture and Food Engineering, School of Engineering, Holy Spirit University, Kaslik, Lebanon.
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Saba D, El Samad O, Baydoun R, Khozam R, Manouchehri N, Kassir L, Kassouf A, Chebib H, Cambier P, Ouaini N. Radiological impact on uncultivated soil and Dittrichia viscosa plants around a Lebanese coastal fertilizer industry. Radiat Prot Environ 2020. [DOI: 10.4103/rpe.rpe_15_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Saba D, Manouchehri N, Besançon S, El Samad O, Baydoun R, Bou Khozam R, Nafeh Kassir L, Kassouf A, Chebib H, Ouaini N, Cambier P. Bioaccessibility and radioisotopes of lead in soils around a fertilizer industry in Lebanon. Environ Geochem Health 2019; 41:2749-2762. [PMID: 31165328 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-019-00320-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The use of phosphate ore by fertilizer industries is considered a major source of soil contamination by trace metals and radionuclides. Despite its low mobility and bioavailability, lead (Pb) is among soil contaminants that pose a serious risk to human health. This study evaluates the potential impact of a fertilizer factory in North Lebanon on the total content of Pb and the activity concentration of its radioisotopes in residential, non-agricultural lands around the industry, as well as its mobility and bioaccessibility in soil samples collected at different depths. Chemical extractions by EDTA and in vitro physiologically based extraction test were used to estimate, respectively, the available and bioaccessible fractions of Pb in soils. Radioisotopes 214Pb, 212Pb and 210Pb have been analyzed by gamma spectrometry. Different physicochemical soil parameters, such as pH, carbonate content, electrical conductivity, cation exchange capacity, clay, total nitrogen and redox potential, were studied. The pseudo-total Pb varied between 12.8 and 68.5 mg kg-1, while the extractable fractions were more variable, between 12 and 72% of total Pb concentration for the EDTA extracted fraction and up to 28.5% for the bioaccessible fractions. The processing of the data shows the decreases with depth in most sites of the total and available Pb and of the activity concentration of 210Pb and their positive correlations with total nitrogen. These variations and relationships with the location of studied sites show the influence of emissions from the factory or the transport of ore and by-products. The correlations between available and bioaccessible Pb on one hand, between available Pb and 210Pb on another hand, raise the question of health risk assessments taking into account the bioaccessibility of Pb and its radioisotopes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dany Saba
- UMR Ingénierie Procédés Aliments, AgroParisTech, INRA, University of Paris-Saclay, 91300, Massy, France.
- Faculty of Agricultural and Food Science, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik, B.P. 446, Jounieh, Lebanon.
| | - Nastaran Manouchehri
- UMR Ingénierie Procédés Aliments, AgroParisTech, INRA, University of Paris-Saclay, 91300, Massy, France
| | - Stephane Besançon
- UMR Ingénierie Procédés Aliments, AgroParisTech, INRA, University of Paris-Saclay, 91300, Massy, France
| | - Omar El Samad
- National Council for Scientific Research, Lebanese Atomic Energy Commission, Airport Road, P.O. Box 11-8281, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Rana Baydoun
- National Council for Scientific Research, Lebanese Atomic Energy Commission, Airport Road, P.O. Box 11-8281, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Rola Bou Khozam
- National Council for Scientific Research, Lebanese Atomic Energy Commission, Airport Road, P.O. Box 11-8281, Beirut, Lebanon
| | | | - Amine Kassouf
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences II, Lebanese University, B.P. 90656, Jdeideth El Matn, Fanar, Lebanon
| | - Hanna Chebib
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences II, Lebanese University, B.P. 90656, Jdeideth El Matn, Fanar, Lebanon
| | - Naim Ouaini
- Faculty of Agricultural and Food Science, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik, B.P. 446, Jounieh, Lebanon
| | - Philippe Cambier
- UMR ECOSYS, AgroParisTech, INRA, University of Paris-Saclay, Thiverval-Grignon, France
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Saba D, Manouchehri N, Besançon S, El Samad O, Bou Khozam R, Nafeh Kassir L, Kassouf A, Chebib H, Ouaini N, Cambier P. Bioaccessibility of lead in Dittrichia viscosa plants and risk assessment of human exposure around a fertilizer industry in Lebanon. J Environ Manage 2019; 250:109537. [PMID: 31525698 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.109537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Total and bioaccessible lead (Pb) concentrations in Dittrichia viscosa and soil samples were considered for estimating the potential health risk, related to both plant intake and accidental soil ingestion by adult and child consumers, near a Lebanese fertilizer plant. A total of 27 plant samples, from 9 uncultivated sites situated around the plant, were analyzed in order to assess the total and bioaccessible Pb content. Physiologically based extraction test (PBET) was used to estimate oral bioaccessibility of Pb in edible plant parts. Washed and unwashed leaves were compared in order to show the importance of good consumer practice on Pb intake. Extracted Pb in the intestinal medium accounted for 24 up to 87% of Pb extracted in the gastric medium. The total hazard quotient (HQtot) and the total bioaccessible hazard quotient (BHQ), related to both plants' intake and soil ingestion, for two maximalist child and adult scenarios, were calculated in order to estimate human health risk assessment. HQtot estimations considering the total concentration of Pb in soil and plant suggest that this metal is a contributor in elevating health risks problems on local plants' consumers, especially children inhabitants. However, the integration of bioaccessible concentrations of Pb in risk estimations reduces remarkably the potential risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dany Saba
- UMR Ingénierie Procédés Aliments, AgroParisTech, INRA, University of Paris-Saclay, 91300, Massy, France; Faculty of Agricultural and Food Science, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik, B.P.446, Jounieh, Lebanon.
| | - Nastaran Manouchehri
- UMR Ingénierie Procédés Aliments, AgroParisTech, INRA, University of Paris-Saclay, 91300, Massy, France
| | - Stephane Besançon
- UMR Ingénierie Procédés Aliments, AgroParisTech, INRA, University of Paris-Saclay, 91300, Massy, France
| | - Omar El Samad
- Lebanese Atomic Energy Commission, National Council for Scientific Research, P.O.Box 11-8281, Airport Road, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Rola Bou Khozam
- Lebanese Atomic Energy Commission, National Council for Scientific Research, P.O.Box 11-8281, Airport Road, Beirut, Lebanon
| | | | - Amine Kassouf
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences II, Lebanese University, B.P.90656, Jdeideth El Matn, Fanar, Lebanon
| | - Hanna Chebib
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences II, Lebanese University, B.P.90656, Jdeideth El Matn, Fanar, Lebanon
| | - Naim Ouaini
- Faculty of Agricultural and Food Science, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik, B.P.446, Jounieh, Lebanon
| | - Philippe Cambier
- UMR ECOSYS, AgroParisTech, INRA, University of Paris-Saclay, Thiverval-Grignon, France
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Ouaini N, Zalagh F, Badrane N, Elhourch A, Soulaymani-Bencheikh R. Suivi thérapeutique pharmacologique de la lamotrigine chez la femme enceinte. Toxicologie Analytique et Clinique 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxac.2019.03.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Zgheib R, Chaillou S, Ouaini N, Rutledge DN, Stien D, Kassouf A, Beyrouthy ME. Investigation of Origanum libanoticum Essential Oils Chemical Polymorphism by Independent Components Analysis (ICA). Nat Prod Commun 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1801301237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The essential oils obtained from Origanum libanoticum Boiss., a plant endemic to Lebanon, were analyzed by GC/MS. Seventy compounds were identified, covering till 99.8% of the total oil composition. All samples were p-cymene and/or β-caryophyllene chemotype, with variable percentage of other compounds such as α-pinene, myrcene, α-phellandrene, limonene, etc. Compared to traditional drying method, lyophilized samples provided the highest essential oil (EO) yields and yields were higher at flowering stage (Chouwen: 0.33% in 2013 and 0.32% in 2014; Qartaba: 0.27% in 2013 and 0.37% in 2014). According to independent components analysis (ICA), date and site of harvest, altitude and drying technique had no effect on the variation of O. libanoticum EO chemical composition. An annual variation of EOs composition was observed since a particular variation in some major components concentration was revealed monthly and annually between 2013 and 2014.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raviella Zgheib
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, AgroParisTech, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay, RD 10, Route de Saint-Cyr, Versailles, France
| | - Sylvain Chaillou
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, AgroParisTech, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay, RD 10, Route de Saint-Cyr, Versailles, France
| | - Naim Ouaini
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik, Kaslik, B.P. 446 Jounieh, Lebanon
| | - Douglas N. Rutledge
- UMR Ingénierie Procédés Aliments, AgroParisTech, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91300 Massy, France
| | - Didier Stien
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biodiversité et Biotechnologies Microbiennes (LBBM), Observatoire Océanologique, 66650 Banyuls-sur-mer, France
| | - Amine Kassouf
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences II, Lebanese University, 90656 Jdeideth El Matn, Fanar, Lebanon
| | - Marc El Beyrouthy
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik, Kaslik, B.P. 446 Jounieh, Lebanon
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Chedraoui S, Abi-Rizk A, El-Beyrouthy M, Chalak L, Ouaini N, Rajjou L. Capparis spinosa L. in A Systematic Review: A Xerophilous Species of Multi Values and Promising Potentialities for Agrosystems under the Threat of Global Warming. Front Plant Sci 2017; 8:1845. [PMID: 29118777 PMCID: PMC5661020 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Caper (Capparis spinosa L.) is a xerophytic shrub with a remarkable adaptability to harsh environments. This plant species is of great interest for its medicinal/pharmacological properties and its culinary uses. Its phytochemical importance relies on many bioactive components present in different organs and its cultivation can be of considerable economic value. Moreover, taxonomic identification of C. spinosa L. has been difficult due to its wide heterogeneity, and many authors fell into confusion due to the scarcity of genetic studies. The present review summarizes information concerning C. spinosa L. including agronomic performance, botanical description, taxonomical approaches, traditional pharmacological uses, phytochemical evaluation and genetic studies. This knowledge represents an important tool for further research studies and agronomic development on this indigenous species with respect to the emerging climatic change in the Eastern Mediterranean countries. Indeed, this world region is particularly under the threat of global warming and it appears necessary to rethink agricultural systems to adapt them to current and futures challenging environmental conditions. Capparis spinosa L. could be a part of this approach. So, this review presents a state of the art considering caper as a potential interesting crop under arid or semi-arid regions (such as Eastern Mediterranean countries) within the climate change context. The aim is to raise awareness in the scientific community (geneticists, physiologists, ecophysiologists, agronomists, …) about the caper strengths and interest to the development of this shrub as a crop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Chedraoui
- IJPB, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay), Saclay Plant Sciences (SPS)-RD10, Versailles, France
- Faculty of Agricultural and Food Science, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik, Jounieh, Lebanon
| | - Alain Abi-Rizk
- Faculty of Agricultural and Food Science, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik, Jounieh, Lebanon
| | - Marc El-Beyrouthy
- Faculty of Agricultural and Food Science, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik, Jounieh, Lebanon
| | - Lamis Chalak
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Naim Ouaini
- Faculty of Agricultural and Food Science, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik, Jounieh, Lebanon
| | - Loïc Rajjou
- IJPB, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay), Saclay Plant Sciences (SPS)-RD10, Versailles, France
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Al Hafi M, El Beyrouthy M, Ouaini N, Stien D, Rutledge D, Chaillou S. Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial Activity of Satureja, Thymus, and Thymbra Species Grown in Lebanon. Chem Biodivers 2017; 14. [PMID: 27584022 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201600236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The essential oils were extracted by hydrodistillation from Satureja cuneifolia, Satureja thymbra, Coridothymus capitatus, Thymus syriacus, and Thymbra spicata growing wild in Lebanon. Their phytochemical analysis performed by GC/MS showed that the aforementioned species are characterized either by carvacrol (60.9%) or thymol (54.3%) or by a more or less equal amounts of these two phenols. Assessment of their in vitro antimicrobial activity against Candida albicans and six pathogenic bacteria using the broth dilution method revealed that the tested oils have a broad activity spectrum with minimum inhibitory concentration ranging from 0.1 to 0.8 mg/ml. Among the tested species, S. thymbra EO showed the highest antimicrobial potential whereas T. syriacus showed the lowest inhibitory activity. These results give scientific evidence for the use of those species in the Lebanese folk medicine and lend support to implement them as natural alternatives for synthetic antimicrobials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monay Al Hafi
- Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik, B.P. 446, Jounieh, Lebanon.,AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin INRA, RD 10, Route de Saint-Cyr, Versailles, France
| | - Marc El Beyrouthy
- Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik, B.P. 446, Jounieh, Lebanon
| | - Naim Ouaini
- Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik, B.P. 446, Jounieh, Lebanon
| | - Didier Stien
- Laboratoire de Biodiversité et Biotechnologies Microbiennes (LBBM), Observatoire Océanologique, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, Sorbonne Universités, 66650, Banyuls-sur-mer, France
| | - Douglas Rutledge
- Laboratoire de Chimie Analytique, AgroParisTech, UMR INRA/AgroParisTech 'GENIAL Ingénierie Procédés Aliments', 75005, Paris, France
| | - Sylvain Chaillou
- AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin INRA, RD 10, Route de Saint-Cyr, Versailles, France
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Zgheib R, Chaillou S, Ouaini N, Kassouf A, Rutledge D, El Azzi D, El Beyrouthy M. Chemometric Tools to Highlight the Variability of the Chemical Composition and Yield of Lebanese Origanum syriacum L. Essential Oil. Chem Biodivers 2017; 13:1326-1347. [PMID: 27447100 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201600061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
This study deals with the variation in the yield and composition of Lebanese Origanum syriacum L. essential oil (EO) according to harvesting time, drying methods used, and geographical location. Plant material was harvested twice a month all over 2013 and 2014 from Qartaba and Achkout located at high altitude and from Byblos at low altitude. EOs of the aerial parts were obtained by hydrodistillation. The highest yields were obtained at full flowering stage and slightly reduced after flowering. The GC/MS analysis revealed the presence of 50 components representing 90.49 - 99.82%, 88.79 - 100%, and 95.28 - 100% of the total oil extracted from plants harvested from Qartaba, Achkout, and Byblos, respectively. The major components in the oils were: carvacrol (2.1 - 79.8%), thymol (0.3 - 83.7%), p-cymene (2.8 - 43.8%), thymoquinone (0.4 - 27.7%), γ-terpinene (0.4 - 10.0%), octan-3-ol (0.3 - 4.9%), caryophyllene oxide (0.2 - 4.7%), oct-1-en-3-ol (0.3 - 3.7%), β-caryophyllene (0.7 - 3.2%), cis-sabinene hydrate (0.1 - 2.8%), terpinen-4-ol (0.1 - 2.8%), and α-terpinene (0.2 - 2.2%). Independent components analysis (ICA) revealed that two groups were discriminated, reflecting compositional differences in the EOs profiles of the Lebanese oregano samples: O. syriacum grown in Qartaba and Achkout belongs to carvacrol chemotype, while O. syriacum grown in Byblos belongs to thymol chemotype. The flowering phase was the most productive period in terms of yield, bringing marked changes in the EO composition by increasing the amounts of carvacrol or thymol, and decreasing those of thymoquinone and p-cymene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raviella Zgheib
- Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik, B.P. 446, Jounieh, Lebanon.,Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin INRA, AgroParisTech, RD 10, Route de Saint-Cyr, Versailles, France
| | - Sylvain Chaillou
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin INRA, AgroParisTech, RD 10, Route de Saint-Cyr, Versailles, France
| | - Naim Ouaini
- Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik, B.P. 446, Jounieh, Lebanon
| | - Amine Kassouf
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences II, Lebanese University, 90656, Jdeideth El Matn, Fanar, Lebanon
| | - Douglas Rutledge
- UMR1145 Ingénierie Procédés Aliments, AgroParisTech, 16 rue Claude Bernard, FR-75005, Paris.,UMR1145 Ingénierie Procédés Aliments, INRA, 16 rue Claude Bernard, FR-75005, Paris
| | - Desiree El Azzi
- Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik, B.P. 446, Jounieh, Lebanon
| | - Marc El Beyrouthy
- Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik, B.P. 446, Jounieh, Lebanon.
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Al Hafi M, El Beyrouthy M, Ouaini N, Stien D, Rutledge D, Chaillou S. Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial Activity ofOriganum libanoticum,Origanum ehrenbergii, andOriganum syriacumGrowing Wild in Lebanon. Chem Biodivers 2016; 13:555-60. [DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201500178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 07/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Monay Al Hafi
- Faculty of Agricultural and Food sciences; Holy Spirit University of Kaslik; B.P. 446 Jounieh Lebanon
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin INRA; AgroParisTech; RD 10, Route de Saint-Cyr FR-78026 Versailles
| | - Marc El Beyrouthy
- Faculty of Agricultural and Food sciences; Holy Spirit University of Kaslik; B.P. 446 Jounieh Lebanon
| | - Naim Ouaini
- Faculty of Agricultural and Food sciences; Holy Spirit University of Kaslik; B.P. 446 Jounieh Lebanon
| | - Didier Stien
- Laboratoire de Biodiversité et Biotechnologies Microbiennes (LBBM); Observatoire Océanologique; Sorbonne Universités; UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS; FR-66650 Banyuls-sur-mer
| | - Douglas Rutledge
- Laboratoire de Chimie Analytique; AgroParisTech; UMR INRA/AgroParisTech “GENIAL Ingénierie Procédés Aliments”; FR-75005 Paris
| | - Sylvain Chaillou
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin INRA; AgroParisTech; RD 10, Route de Saint-Cyr FR-78026 Versailles
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Bitar M, Bou-Maroun E, Lerbret A, Ouaini N, Cayot P. Binding characteristics of molecularly imprinted polymers based on fungicides in hydroalcoholic media. J Sep Sci 2015; 38:3607-14. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201500543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2015] [Revised: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 08/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manal Bitar
- Unité Procédés Alimentaires et Microbiologiques, UMR A 02.102, AgroSup Dijon; Université de Bourgogne; 1 esplanade Erasme Dijon France
| | - Elias Bou-Maroun
- Unité Procédés Alimentaires et Microbiologiques, UMR A 02.102, AgroSup Dijon; Université de Bourgogne; 1 esplanade Erasme Dijon France
| | - Adrien Lerbret
- Unité Procédés Alimentaires et Microbiologiques, UMR A 02.102, AgroSup Dijon; Université de Bourgogne; 1 esplanade Erasme Dijon France
| | - Naim Ouaini
- Département des Sciences Fondamentales de la Santé, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences Médicales; Université Saint-Esprit de Kaslik; B.P. Jounieh Liban
| | - Philippe Cayot
- Unité Procédés Alimentaires et Microbiologiques, UMR A 02.102, AgroSup Dijon; Université de Bourgogne; 1 esplanade Erasme Dijon France
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Matar SF, Al Alam AF, Ouaini N. Hydrogen Insertion Effects on the Electronic Structure of Equiatomic MgNi Traced by ab initio Calculations. Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 2014. [DOI: 10.5560/znb.2013-2282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
For equiatomic MgNi which can be hydrogenated up to the composition MgNiH1.6 at an absorption/ desorption temperature of 200 °C, the effects of hydrogen absorption are approached with the model structures MgNiH, MgNiH2 and MgNiH3. From full geometry optimization and calculated cohesive energies obtained within DFT, the MgNiH2 composition close to the experimental limit is identified as most stable. Charge density analysis shows an increasingly covalent character of hydrogen: MgNiH (H-0.67) → MgNiH2 (H-0.63) ! MgNiH3 (H-0.55). While Mg-Ni bonding prevails in MgNi and hydrogenated model phases, extra itinerant low-energy Ni states appear when hydrogen is introduced signaling Ni-H bonding which prevails over Mg-H as evidenced from total energy calculations and chemical bonding analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samir F. Matar
- CNRS, ICMCB, UPR 9048, F-33600 Pessac, France
- Université de Bordeaux, ICMCB, UPR 9048, F-33600 Pessac, France
| | - Adel F. Al Alam
- Université Saint Esprit de Kaslik (USEK), OCM (Optimisation et Charactérisation des Matériaux), URA GREVE, CSR-USEK, Jounieh, Lebanon
| | - Naim Ouaini
- Université Saint Esprit de Kaslik (USEK), OCM (Optimisation et Charactérisation des Matériaux), URA GREVE, CSR-USEK, Jounieh, Lebanon
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Kassir LN, Darwish T, Shaban A, Ouaini N. Mobility of selected trace elements in Mediterranean red soil amended with phosphogypsum: experimental study. Environ Monit Assess 2012; 184:4397-4412. [PMID: 21796359 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-011-2272-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2011] [Accepted: 07/15/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Soil amendment by phosphogypsum (PG) application becomes of increasing importance in agriculture. This may lead, however, to soil, plant, and groundwater contamination with trace elements (TEs) inherently present in PG. Monitoring of selected TEs (Pb, Zn, Cu, and Cd) distribution and mobility in a Mediterranean red soil profile has been performed in soil parcels applied with PG over a 16-month period. Concentrations were measured in soil and plant samples collected from various depth intervals at different points in time. TEs sequential extraction was performed on soil and PG samples. Results showed soil profile enrichment peaked 5 months after PG application for Cd, and 12 months for Pb, Zn, and Cu. Rainwater, pH, total organic carbon, and cationic exchange capacity were the main controlling factors in TEs accumulation in soils. Cd was transferred to a soil depth of about 20 cm. Zn exhibited mobility towards deeper layers. Pb and Cu were accumulated in around 20-55-cm-deep layers. PG increased the solubility of the studied TEs; PG-applied soils contained TEs bound to exchangeable and acid-soluble fractions in higher percentages than reference soil. Pb, Zn, and Cu were sorbed into mineral soil phases, while Cd was mainly found in the exchangeable (bio-available) form. The order of TEs decreasing mobility was Zn > Cd > Pb > Cu. Roots and leaves of existed plants, Cichorium intybus L., accumulated high concentrations of Cd (1-2.4 mg/kg), exceeding recommended tolerable levels, and thus signifying potential health threats through contaminated crops. It was therefore recommended that PG should be applied in carefully established, monitored, and controlled quantities to agricultural soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Nafeh Kassir
- Faculty of Sciences, URA GREVE CNRS/USEK/UL, University of Holy Spirit Kaslik, BP 446, Jounieh, Lebanon.
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Kassir LN, Lartiges B, Ouaini N. Effects of fertilizer industry emissions on local soil contamination: a case study of a phosphate plant on the east Mediterranean coast. Environ Technol 2012; 33:873-85. [PMID: 22720412 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2011.601765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Fugitive dust emission, transport and deposition from phosphate fertilizer industries may pose an environmental hazard to the surrounding environment, particularly to soil. This study is to evaluate such hazard by investigating the fate of airborne pollutants, their transfer from atmosphere to soil surface, and their contamination potential. Concentrations of elements were measured in soil samples. Elemental analyses were carried out using ICP-AES and ICP-MS. Analysis of speciation of trace elements, using a sequential extraction method, was performed on the plant's raw material (apatite), product and waste (phosphate fertilizer and phosphogypsum). A model estimating local atmospheric dry deposition was formulated. Statistical analyses were performed on sample data. Measured phosphorus accumulated considerably to the north-east of the plant, mainly due to the prevailing wind and associated dry deposition. Results exhibited considerably above-threshold enrichments in potentially toxic, bio-available trace elements (Cd, Zn) (2.5-6.9, 295-506 mg kg(-1)) and radionuclide (U, 20-98.69 mg kg(-1)) within a major deposition area. Speciation results revealed Zn and Cd occurring predominantly in mobile phases within the pollution source materials. Dry deposition calculation showed extensive input fluxes of Sr, Zn, Cr, U, Ni and Cd. Significant correlation was established between measured trace elements concentrations and their calculated deposition fluxes. Phosphorus species were the principal carriers of trace elements in soils. The phosphate industry poses a serious soil pollution hazard, with deposited contaminants being potentially hazardous to plants and groundwater. This study serves as a basis to assess the phosphate industry's risk impact on soil, while it introduces combined analytical methodologies for such assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Nafeh Kassir
- Faculty of Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik, Jounieh, Lebanon.
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Najem W, El Beyrouthy M, Wakim LH, Neema C, Ouaini N. Essential oil composition ofRosa damascenaMill. from different localities in Lebanon. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/12538078.2011.10516279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Matar S, Nakhl M, Al Alam A, Ouaini N, Chevalier B. YNi and its hydrides: Phase stabilities, electronic structures and chemical bonding properties from first principles. Chem Phys 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2010.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Saade M, Magdalou J, Ouaini N, Greige-Gerges H. Stability of cucurbitacin E in human plasma: chemical hydrolysis and role of plasma esterases. Biopharm Drug Dispos 2009; 30:389-97. [DOI: 10.1002/bdd.673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Stephan K, Pittet P, Sigaud M, Renaud L, Vittori O, Morin P, Ouaini N, Ferrigno R. Amperometric quantification based on serial dilution microfluidic systems. Analyst 2009; 134:472-7. [DOI: 10.1039/b811629f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Hleihel W, Lafoux A, Ouaini N, Huchet-Cadiou C. Adenosine reduces the reverse mode of the Na+/Ca(2+) exchanger in ferret cardiac fibres. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2008; 86:46-54. [PMID: 18418446 DOI: 10.1139/y07-115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of adenosine on reverse mode Na+/Ca(2+) exchange. In intact ferret cardiac trabeculae, Na+-free contractures were investigated after treating preparations with ryanodine, a sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+) -channel inhibitor, and thapsigargin, a sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+) -pump inhibitor added to suppress the sarcoplasmic reticulum function. The effects of adenosine (50-100 nmol/L), adenosine deaminase (ADA, 0.1-0.5 U/L), the A1 and A2A receptor agonists CCPA (3-100 nmol/L) and CGS 21680 (25-100 nmol/L), and the A1 and A2A receptor antagonists DPCPX (25 nmol/L) and ZM 241385 (25 nmol/L) were tested on Na+-free contractures. The application of adenosine (50-100 nmol/L) had no significant effect on the characteristics of the Na+-free contractures. However, the results show that treatment with ADA (0.3 U/L), adenosine (> or =50 nmol/L) and CCPA, a specific A1 receptor agonist (3-100 nmol/L), all reduced the Na+-free contracture amplitude. In the presence of ADA, the effects of adenosine and CCPA were also reduced by a specific antagonist of A1 receptors (DPCPX, 25 nmol/L). Furthermore, adenosine, ADA, and CCPA did not affect the properties of the contractile apparatus in Triton-skinned fibres. It is therefore proposed that endogenous adenosine reduced the reverse mode of the Na+/Ca(2+) exchanger by acting on A1 receptors present in the sarcolemmal membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Hleihel
- Faculté de Médecine, Université Saint-Esprit de Kaslik, Liban, Lebanon.
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Yassine O, Morin P, Dispagne O, Renaud L, Denoroy L, Kleimann P, Faure K, Rocca JL, Ouaini N, Ferrigno R. Electrophoresis PDMS/glass chips with continuous on-chip derivatization and analysis of amino acids using naphthalene-2,3-dicarboxaldehyde as fluorogenic agent. Anal Chim Acta 2008; 609:215-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2007.12.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2007] [Revised: 12/17/2007] [Accepted: 12/19/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Greige-Gerges H, Diab Y, Farah J, Magdalou J, Haddad C, Ouaini N. Ferutinin stability in human plasma and interaction with human serum albumin. Biopharm Drug Dispos 2008; 29:83-9. [DOI: 10.1002/bdd.589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Greige-Gerges H, Abou Khalil R, Chahine R, Haddad C, Harb W, Ouaini N. Effect of cucurbitacins on bilirubin-albumin binding in human plasma. Life Sci 2006; 80:579-85. [PMID: 17097690 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2006.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2006] [Revised: 10/03/2006] [Accepted: 10/10/2006] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of three cucurbitacins (Cuc) E, D and I on the bilirubin-albumin binding, both in human serum albumin (HSA) and in plasma. Bilirubin-HSA solution and plasma free of cucurbitacins were prepared as well as others containing serial concentrations of cucurbitacins. The concentration of unbound bilirubin was determined in bilirubin-HSA solution and the direct and total bilirubin concentrations were measured in plasma (with normal or elevated bilirubinemia) by Jendrassik and Grof method. In the conditions we adopted Cuc E and D (to a lesser extent), decreased the levels of unbound bilirubin in bilirubin-HSA solution and decreased direct bilirubin concentration and total bilirubin concentration in plasma in a dose-dependent manner while Cuc I had no effect. The effect of Cuc is related to the presence of native HSA. Thus, when albumin was absent or has been denatured by heating or by urea, Cuc E did not modify bilirubin levels, suggesting that the native structure of albumin is essential for such activity. The interaction of HSA with Cuc E was investigated by fluorescence spectroscopy. Cuc E increased the intrinsic fluorescence of the protein and the magnitude of fluorescence intensity of bilirubin-albumin complex. We concluded that Cuc E and D produced a rearrangement in the structure of albumin, particularly in the domain-II, resulting in an increase in the binding of bilirubin to albumin regardless to whether it's conjugated to glucuronic acid or unconjugated.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Greige-Gerges
- Biochemistry Department, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik, B.P. 446 Jounieh, Lebanon.
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Hleihel W, Lafoux A, Ouaini N, Divet A, Huchet-Cadiou C. Adenosine affects the release of Ca2+from the sarcoplasmic reticulum via A2Areceptors in ferret skinned cardiac fibres. Exp Physiol 2006; 91:681-91. [PMID: 16581872 DOI: 10.1113/expphysiol.2006.033175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
In this study, it was shown that adenosine potentiates caffeine-induced Ca2+ release. It was then proposed that the enhancement of the caffeine-induced Ca2+ release might occur by a direct effect on the ryanodine Ca2+ release channel or on other Ca2+ regulation mechanisms. Furthermore, A2A receptors may be functional on the ferret cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum. Using chemically skinned fibres, experiments were conducted on ferret cardiac muscle to find out whether adenosine and the A1 and A2A adenosine receptor agonists (CCPA and CGS 21680) and antagonists (DPCPX and ZM 241385) affected caffeine-induced Ca2+ release and the Ca2+ sensitivity of contractile proteins. Changes in the caffeine-induced contracture brought about by adenosine and by adenosine-receptor agonists and antagonists were recorded in saponin-skinned fibres (50 microg ml(-1)). Tension-pCa relationships were then obtained by exposing Triton X-100-skinned fibres (1% v/v) sequentially to solutions of decreasing pCa. Adenosine (1-100 nm) and the specific A2A receptor agonist CGS 21680 (1-50 nm) produced a concentration-dependant potentiation of the caffeine-induced Ca2+ release from saponin-skinned fibres. The data plotted versus adenosine and CGS 21680 concentrations displayed sigmoid relationships (Hill relationship), with potentiation of Ca2+ release by 22.2 +/- 1.6 (n = 6) and 10.9 +/- 0.4% (n = 6), respectively. In addition, the potentiation of caffeine-induced Ca2+ release by adenosine (50 nm; 15.3 +/- 1.0%; n = 6) and by CGS 21680 (50 nm; 11.2 +/- 0.4%; n = 6) was reduced by the specific A2A receptor antagonist ZM 241385 (50 nm) to 8.0 +/- 1.4 (n = 4) and 5.4 +/- 1.2% (n = 4), respectively. The A1 receptor agonist CCPA (1-50 nm) and antagonist DPCPX (50 nm) had no significant effects on caffeine responses. In Triton X-100-skinned fibres, the maximal Ca(2+)-activated tension of the contractile proteins (41.3 +/- 4.1 mN mm(-2); n = 8), the Hill coefficient (nH = 2.2 +/- 0.1; n = 8) and the pCa50 (6.15 +/- 0.05; n = 8) were not significantly modified by adenosine (100 nm) or by CGS 21680 (50 nm).
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Affiliation(s)
- W Hleihel
- Faculté de Médecine, Université Saint Esprit de Kaslik, BP 446 Jounieh, Lebanon.
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