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Zhao G, Zhang W, Fu X, Xie X, Bai S, Li X. Synthesis and Screening of Chemical Agents Targeting Viral Protein Genome-Linked Protein of Telosma Mosaic Virus. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:13645-13653. [PMID: 37676131 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c02823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
The viral protein genome-linked protein (VPg) of telosma mosaic virus (TeMV) plays an important role in viral reproduction. In this study, the expression conditions of TeMV VPg were explored. A series of novel benzenesulfonamide derivatives were synthesized. The binding sites of the target compounds and TeMV VPg were studied by molecular docking, and the interaction was verified by microscale thermophoresis. The study revealed that the optimal expression conditions for TeMV VPg were in Escherichia coli Rosetta with IPTG concentration of 0.8 mM and induction temperature of 25 °C. Compounds A4, A6, A9, A16, and A17 exhibited excellent binding affinity to TeMV VPg, with Kd values of 0.23, 0.034, 0.19, 0.086, and 0.22 μM, respectively. LYS 121 is the key amino acid site. Compounds A9 inhibited the expression of TeMV VPg in Nicotiana benthamiana. The results suggested that TeMV VPg is a potential antiviral target to screen anti-TeMV compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guili Zhao
- School of Chemical Engineering, Guizhou Institute of Technology, Guiyang 550025, China
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Wenjuan Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Guizhou Institute of Technology, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Xiaodong Fu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Xin Xie
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Song Bai
- School of Chemical Engineering, Guizhou Institute of Technology, Guiyang 550025, China
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- Guizhou Industry Polytechnic College, Guiyang 550008, China
| | - Xiangyang Li
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
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Vidal AH, Lacorte C, Sanches MM, Alves-Freitas DMT, Abreu EFM, Pinheiro-Lima B, Rosa RCC, Jesus ON, Campos MA, Felix GP, Abreu ACR, Santos YS, Lacerda ALM, Varsani A, Melo FL, Ribeiro SG. Characterization of Cucurbit Aphid-Borne Yellows Virus (CABYV) from Passion Fruit in Brazil: Evidence of a Complex of Species within CABYV Isolates. Viruses 2023; 15:v15020410. [PMID: 36851624 PMCID: PMC9965994 DOI: 10.3390/v15020410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
High-throughput sequencing (HTS) has been an important tool for the discovery of plant viruses and their surveillance. In 2015, several virus-like symptoms were observed in passion fruit (PF) plants in Bahia state, Brazil. Using HTS technology, bioinformatics tools, RT-PCR, and Sanger sequencing, we identified the cucurbit aphid-borne yellows virus (CABYV, Polerovirus, Solemoviridae) in co-infection with cowpea aphid-borne mosaic virus (CABMV, Potyvirus, Potyviridae) in PF, in green manure, and spontaneous plants in several localities in Bahia. Complete genomes of CABYV-PF isolates were determined and analyzed with other CABYV isolates available in GenBank that have been identified in various countries. Phylogenetic analysis and pairwise identity comparison with CABYV isolates showed that CABYV-PFs are more closely related to French and Spanish isolates. Overall, analyses of all the CABYV genomes revealed that these could represent ten distinct species, and we thus proposed reclassifying these CABYV as isolates into ten species, tentatively named "Polerovirus curcubitaeprimum" to "Polerovirus curcubitaenonum", and "Polerovirus melo". CABYV-PF is a member of "Polerovirus curcubitaeprimum".
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreza H. Vidal
- Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, Brasília 70770-917, DF, Brazil
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas—IB, PPG BIOMOL, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília 70910-900, DF, Brazil
| | - Cristiano Lacorte
- Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, Brasília 70770-917, DF, Brazil
| | - Marcio M. Sanches
- Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, Brasília 70770-917, DF, Brazil
- Embrapa Gado de Corte, Campo Grande 79106-550, MS, Brazil
| | | | | | - Bruna Pinheiro-Lima
- Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, Brasília 70770-917, DF, Brazil
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas—IB, PPG BIOMOL, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília 70910-900, DF, Brazil
| | | | - Onildo N. Jesus
- Embrapa Mandioca e Fruticultura, Cruz das Almas 44380-000, BA, Brazil
| | - Magnólia A. Campos
- Centro de Educação e Saúde, Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Cuité 58175-000, PB, Brazil
| | - Gustavo P. Felix
- Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, Brasília 70770-917, DF, Brazil
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas—IB, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília 70910-900, DF, Brazil
| | - Ana Clara R. Abreu
- Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, Brasília 70770-917, DF, Brazil
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas—IB, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília 70910-900, DF, Brazil
| | - Yam S. Santos
- Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, Brasília 70770-917, DF, Brazil
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Biotecnologia Aplicada à Agropecuária, Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV), Viçosa 36570-900, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Arvind Varsani
- The Biodesign Center for Fundamental and Applied Microbiomics, Center for Evolution and Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - Fernando L. Melo
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas—IB, PPG BIOMOL, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília 70910-900, DF, Brazil
| | - Simone G. Ribeiro
- Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, Brasília 70770-917, DF, Brazil
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas—IB, PPG BIOMOL, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília 70910-900, DF, Brazil
- Correspondence:
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Orengo-Green JJ, Casas JL, Marcos-García MÁ. Effect of Abiotic Climatic Factors on the Gonadal Maturation of the Biocontrol Agent Sphaerophoria rueppellii (Wiedemann, 1830) (Diptera: Syrphidae). INSECTS 2022; 13:insects13070573. [PMID: 35886749 PMCID: PMC9320043 DOI: 10.3390/insects13070573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Knowledge about the morphology and functioning of the male and female reproductive system in insects is key to understanding their reproductive biology, and to assessing the effects that environmental factors, such as temperature or photoperiod, can have on oviposition, fecundity, and lifespan. This knowledge is particularly interesting in those species that are mass-reared, as in the case of the predatory syrphid Sphaerophoria rueppellii. Given the lack of published information regarding sexual maturation in syrphids, this type of study, applied to beneficial insects used as biological control agents, offers, firstly, the chance to improve their mass breeding under controlled conditions and, secondly, to know their capability for pest control response under field conditions. Our results show that photoperiod and temperature affect development and gonad maturation in S. rueppellii males and females. Abstract The hoverfly Sphaerophoria rueppellii is currently one of the most effective predators commercially available for aphid pest control. However, knowledge of the reproductive system of males and females of this syrphid is limited. The present article aims to report how changes in the temperature and photoperiod may affect development of the gonads (ovaries and testes), oviposition, and fecundity during the lifespan of S. rueppellii. Four environmental conditions (14L:10D, T: 20 ± 1 °C; 12L:12D, T: 20 ± 1 °C; 14L:10D, T: 25 ± 1 °C; and 12L:12D, T: 25 ± 1 °C) were used to determine oviposition, hatching percentage, and lifespan during a period of 30 days after the adult emergence. The maturation of the ovaries was done under three treatments (barley leaves with aphids always available; barley leaves two days per week with aphids available; no barley leaves available), and in the same environmental conditions noted above. Males at 14L:10D, 20 ± 1 °C; and 14L:10D, 25 ± 1 °C; were used to analyze and study the maturation of the testes. Females at 14L:10D; T: 25 ± 1 °C showed a significant difference in oviposition, percentage of hatching, and rate of eggs. A detailed description of the male and female gonads was undertaken, and it was determined that the conditions in which males sexually mature early are at 14L:10D, 25 ± 1 °C. These results will improve the application of S. rueppellii in crops, for the control of aphid pests.
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Do DH, Chong YH, Ha VC, Cheng HW, Chen YK, Bui TNL, Nguyen TBN, Yeh SD. Characterization and Detection of Passiflora Mottle Virus and Two Other Potyviruses Causing Passionfruit Woodiness Disease in Vietnam. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2021; 111:1675-1685. [PMID: 33487021 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-10-20-0481-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Passionfruit plantings in Vietnam increased to 10,000 ha in 2019. However, outbreaks of passionfruit woodiness disease (PWD) have become a serious threat to production. In this study, five virus isolates (DN1, DN4, NA1, GL1, and GL2) were collected from different areas of Vietnam. Their causal roles in PWD were verified by back-inoculation to passionfruit. Analyses of coat protein (CP) and genomic sequences revealed that the GL1 isolate is closely related to East Asia Passiflora virus (EAPV) AO strain of Japan (polyprotein nt and aa identities of 98.1 and 98.2%, respectively), and the GL2 isolate is related to Telosma mosaic virus (TelMV) isolate PasFru, China (polyprotein nt and aa identities of 87.1 and 90.9%, respectively). CP comparison, host range, and cytological characterization indicated that DN1, DN4, and NA1 are potyviruses but are different from EAPV and TelMV. Phylogenic analyses of their CP and genome sequences indicated that these three isolates and the passionfruit severe mottle-associated virus Fujian isolate of China belong to a distinct clade, which does not meet the threshold (76% nt identity of polyprotein) to be regarded as any of potyviral species. Thus, a new species name, Passiflora mottle virus, (PaMoV), has been proposed by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses. A rabbit antiserum was produced against the CP of DN1, and it can distinguish PaMoV from TelMV and EAPV in western blotting and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) without cross-reactions. Field surveys of 240 samples by ELISA and reverse transcription PCR found that PWD in Vietnam is caused mainly by PaMoV, followed by EAPV, mixed infection of PaMoV and EAPV, and rare cases of TelMV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duy-Hung Do
- Department of Plant Pathology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
- Plant Pathology Division, Plant Protection Research Institute, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Yee-Hang Chong
- Department of Plant Pathology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
- Overseas Vietnam Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Viet-Cuong Ha
- Faculty of Agronomy, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Hao-Wen Cheng
- Department of Plant Pathology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
- Advanced Plant Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yuh-Kun Chen
- Department of Plant Pathology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Thi-Ngoc-Lan Bui
- Division of Biotechnology, Southern Horticultural Research Institute, Tien Giang, Vietnam
| | | | - Shyi-Dong Yeh
- Department of Plant Pathology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
- Overseas Vietnam Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
- Advanced Plant Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
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Gonçalves ZS, Jesus ON, Lima LKS, Corrêa RX. Responses of Passiflora spp. to cowpea aphid-borne mosaic virus reveal infection in asymptomatic plants and new species with probable immunity. Arch Virol 2021; 166:2419-2434. [PMID: 34132915 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-021-05131-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Passion fruit woodiness disease (PWD), caused by cowpea aphid-borne mosaic virus (CABMV), produces socioeconomic problems in Brazil. The objectives of this study were to i) evaluate the temporal progression of PWD, ii) identify Passiflora genotypes with resistance to CABMV, and iii) detect virus infection in asymptomatic plants by reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) in cases where standard RT-PCR detection failed. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse using 128 genotypes belonging to 12 species and three hybrids (inter- and intraspecific) of Passiflora, evaluated at five time points after inoculation. Progression rates and disease severity were lower in P. cincinnata, P. gibertii, P. miersii, and P. mucronata than in P. edulis, P. alata, Passiflora sp., and hybrids. Of the genotypes tested, 20.31% were resistant, especially the accessions of P. suberosa, P. malacophylla, P. setacea, P. pohlii, and P. bahiensis, which remained asymptomatic throughout the experiment. The absence of symptoms does not imply immunity of plants to the virus, since RT-qPCR analysis confirmed infection by the virus in asymptomatic plants of P. cincinnata, P. gibertii, P. miersii, P. mucronata, P. setacea, P. malacophylla, and P. suberosa. Even after four inoculations, the virus was not detected by RT-qPCR in the upper leaves in plants of the species P. pohlii and P. bahiensis, indicating that these species are probably immune to CABMV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zanon Santana Gonçalves
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Centro de Biotecnologia e Genética, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, UESC, Rodovia Jorge Amado, Km 16, Salobrinho, Ilhéus, BA, 45662-900, Brazil
| | - Onildo Nunes Jesus
- Embrapa Mandioca e Fruticultura, Rua Embrapa, s/n, Chapadinha, Caixa Postal 007, Cruz das Almas, BA, 44380-000, Brazil.
| | - Lucas Kennedy Silva Lima
- Embrapa Mandioca e Fruticultura, Rua Embrapa, s/n, Chapadinha, Caixa Postal 007, Cruz das Almas, BA, 44380-000, Brazil
| | - Ronan Xavier Corrêa
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Centro de Biotecnologia e Genética, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, UESC, Rodovia Jorge Amado, Km 16, Salobrinho, Ilhéus, BA, 45662-900, Brazil
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Transcriptome analysis of yellow passion fruit in response to cucumber mosaic virus infection. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0247127. [PMID: 33626083 PMCID: PMC7904197 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0247127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The cultivation and production of passion fruit (Passiflora edulis) are severely affected by viral disease. Yet there have been few studies of the molecular response of passion fruit to virus attack. In the present study, RNA-based transcriptional profiling (RNA-seq) was used to identify the gene expression profiles in yellow passion fruit (Passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa) leaves following inoculation with cucumber mosaic virus (CMV). Six RNA-seq libraries were constructed comprising a total of 42.23 Gb clean data. 1,545 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were obtained (701 upregulated and 884 downregulated). Gene annotation analyses revealed that genes associated with plant hormone signal transduction, transcription factors, protein ubiquitination, detoxification, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, photosynthesis and chlorophyll metabolism were significantly affected by CMV infection. The represented genes activated by CMV infection corresponded to transcription factors WRKY family, NAC family, protein ubiquitination and peroxidase. Several DEGs encoding protein TIFY, pathogenesis-related proteins, and RNA-dependent RNA polymerases also were upregualted by CMV infection. Overall, the information obtained in this study enriched the resources available for research into the molecular-genetic mechanisms of the passion fruit/CMV interaction, and might provide a theoretical basis for the prevention and management of passion fruit viral disease in the field.
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Ramos-González PL, Dos Santos GF, Chabi-Jesus C, Harakava R, Kitajima EW, Freitas-Astúa J. Passion Fruit Green Spot Virus Genome Harbors a New Orphan ORF and Highlights the Flexibility of the 5'-End of the RNA2 Segment Across Cileviruses. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:206. [PMID: 32117189 PMCID: PMC7033587 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Passion fruit green spot and passion fruit sudden death are two reportedly distinct viral diseases that recurrently affect passion fruit (Passiflora spp.) groves in Brazil. Here we used a systematic approach that interconnects symptoms, transmission electron microscopy, RT-PCR detection assays followed by Sanger sequencing, and high-throughput sequencing of the RNA of affected passion fruit plants to gain insights about these diseases. Our data confirmed not only the involvement of cileviruses in these two pathologies, as previously suggested, but also that these viruses belong to the same tentative species: passion fruit green spot virus (PfGSV). Results revealed that PfGSV has a positive-sense RNA genome split into two molecules of approximately 9 kb (RNA1) and 5 kb (RNA2), which share about 50–70% nucleotide sequence identity with other viruses in the genus Cilevirus. Genome sequences of five PfGSV isolates suggest that they have more conserved RNA1 (<5% of nucleotide sequence variability) compared to RNA2 (up to 7% of variability) molecules. The highest nucleotide sequence divergence among PfGSV isolates and other cileviruses is in the genomic segment covering from the 5′-end of the RNA2 until the 5′-end of the open reading frame (ORF) p61, which includes the ORF p15 and the intergenic region. This genomic stretch also harbors a novel orphan ORF encoding a 13 kDa protein presenting a cysteine-rich domain. High variability of 5′-end of the RNA2 in cileviruses is discussed in an evolutionary context assuming that they share putative common ancestors with unclassified arthropod-infecting single-strand positive RNA viruses, including mosquito-specific viruses of the group Negevirus (clades Nelorpivirus and Sandwavirus), and other viruses in the family Kitaviridae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Luis Ramos-González
- Instituto Biológico, Unidade Laboratorial de Referência em Biologia Molecular Aplicada, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Camila Chabi-Jesus
- Instituto Biológico, Unidade Laboratorial de Referência em Biologia Molecular Aplicada, São Paulo, Brazil.,PPG Microbiologia Agrícola Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Harakava
- Instituto Biológico, Unidade Laboratorial de Referência em Biologia Molecular Aplicada, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Elliot W Kitajima
- Núcleo de Apoio à Pesquisa em Microscopia Eletrônica Aplicada a Agricultura, Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Juliana Freitas-Astúa
- Instituto Biológico, Unidade Laboratorial de Referência em Biologia Molecular Aplicada, São Paulo, Brazil.,Embrapa Cassava and Fruits, Cruz das Almas, Brazil
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Lan H, Lai B, Zhao P, Dong X, Wei W, Ye Y, Wu Z. Cucumber mosaic virus infection modulated the phytochemical contents of Passiflora edulis. Microb Pathog 2019; 138:103828. [PMID: 31682997 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2019.103828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) caused huge agricultural impact on Passiflora edulis. However, the interactions between CMV and P. edulis are poorly unknown, which lead to lack of prevention and control measures. In this study, we identified the infection of CMV in P. edulis through modern small RNA sequencing (sRNA-seq) technology combined with traditional electron microscope and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods. We also confirmed CMV infection adversely affected or modulated the contents of phytochemicals and further injured the development of P. edulis; inversely, P. edulis modulated its resistance to CMV stress by increasing the levels of secondary metabolites and the activities of antioxidant enzymes components. This is of significant importance to understand the interaction between virus infection and plant host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanhong Lan
- School of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou, Fujian, 363000, PR China.
| | - Baochun Lai
- Zhangzhou Institute of Agricultural Science of Fujian, 363000, PR China
| | - Peng Zhao
- School of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou, Fujian, 363000, PR China
| | - Xu Dong
- School of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou, Fujian, 363000, PR China
| | - Wanting Wei
- School of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou, Fujian, 363000, PR China
| | - Yanjie Ye
- School of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou, Fujian, 363000, PR China
| | - Zujian Wu
- College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, PR China
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Illumina Sequencing Reveals the First Near-Complete Genome Sequence of Ugandan Passiflora Virus. Microbiol Resour Announc 2019; 8:8/20/e00358-19. [PMID: 31097505 PMCID: PMC6522790 DOI: 10.1128/mra.00358-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we present the first near-complete genome of Ugandan Passiflora virus (UPV) sequenced from a symptomatic sample of KH7 passion fruit (Passiflora edulis Sims) variety. UPV had limited amino acid identity with other potyviruses known to cause passion fruit woodiness disease (PWD). The closest relationship (71.2% amino acid similarity) was with Bean common mosaic necrosis virus.
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Chen S, Yu N, Yang S, Zhong B, Lan H. Identification of Telosma mosaic virus infection in Passiflora edulis and its impact on phytochemical contents. Virol J 2018; 15:168. [PMID: 30382859 PMCID: PMC6211467 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-018-1084-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Viral disease has become the most severe constraint for the cultivation and production of Passiflora edulis in China. The infection of Telosma mosaic virus (TeMV), a potyvirus, and its effects on the phytochemical components of P. edulis remain largely unknown in China. Methods P. edulis plants showing distorted leaves and severe mosaic skin on green fruit were identified with TeMV infection through traditional transmission electron microscopy, RT-PCR and modern small RNA sequencing (sRNA-seq) platform. The contents of phytochemical components and the activities of antioxidative enzymes were compared between virus-infected and virus-free P. edulis to confirm the effects of TeMV infection on host plant. Results Firstly, approximately 700 nm linear virus particles, representing TeMV, were detected in infected P. edulis fruits and leaves with Electron microscopy. Partial coat protein genes of TeMV were successfully amplified by RT-PCR in infected P. edulis leaves and fruits but not in healthy plants. Abundant small interference RNAs (siRNAs) sequences, showing several characterizations, were specifically generated from the TeMV genome in infected plant fruits by sRNA-seq platform. Furthermore, fruit length, fruit thickness (wideness) and fruit weight decreased significantly due to TeMV infection. The levels of total protein and total sugar increased significantly; however, the level of total fat, total acid and vitamin C decreased obviously after TeMV infection. The level of total phenols, a secondary metabolite, was obviously higher in TeMV-infected than TeMV-free P. edulis fruit. The activities of superoxide dismutases (SOD) and catalases (CAT) obviously increased in TeMV-infected in comparison with healthy P. edulis fruit. Conclusions TeMV infection adversely affected the development of P. edulis fruits, differently and selectively modulated the phytochemical components of P. edulis fruits. In turn, P. edulis plants enhanced their tolerance to the stress of TeMV infection by increasing the secondary metabolite level and the antioxidative capacity. This is of significant importance to understand the effects of TeMV infection on the biochemical changes and the antioxidant defense mechanism in P. edulis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangshuang Chen
- School of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Minnan Normal University, Xianqianzhi street, Xiangcheng district, Zhangzhou, Fujian, 363000, People's Republic of China
| | - Nannan Yu
- School of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Minnan Normal University, Xianqianzhi street, Xiangcheng district, Zhangzhou, Fujian, 363000, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaohuan Yang
- School of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Minnan Normal University, Xianqianzhi street, Xiangcheng district, Zhangzhou, Fujian, 363000, People's Republic of China
| | - Baoping Zhong
- School of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Minnan Normal University, Xianqianzhi street, Xiangcheng district, Zhangzhou, Fujian, 363000, People's Republic of China
| | - Hanhong Lan
- School of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Minnan Normal University, Xianqianzhi street, Xiangcheng district, Zhangzhou, Fujian, 363000, People's Republic of China.
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Passion Fruit Chlorotic Mottle Virus: Molecular Characterization of a New Divergent Geminivirus in Brazil. Viruses 2018; 10:v10040169. [PMID: 29614801 PMCID: PMC5923463 DOI: 10.3390/v10040169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Brazil is one of the major passion fruit producers worldwide. Viral diseases are among the most important constraints for passion fruit production. Here we identify and characterize a new passion fruit infecting-virus belonging to the family Geminiviridae: passion fruit chlorotic mottle virus (PCMoV). PCMoV is a divergent geminivirus unlike previously characterized passion fruit-infecting geminiviruses that belonged to the genus Begomovirus. Among the presently known geminiviruses, it is most closely related to, and shares ~62% genome-wide identity with citrus chlorotic dwarf associated virus (CCDaV) and camelia chlorotic dwarf associated virus (CaCDaV). The 3743 nt PCMoV genome encodes a capsid protein (CP) and replication-associated protein (Rep) that respectively share 56 and 60% amino acid identity with those encoded by CaCDaV. The CPs of PCMoV, CCDaV, and CaCDaV cluster with those of begomovirus whereas their Reps with those of becurtoviruses. Hence, these viruses likely represent a lineage of recombinant begomo-like and becurto-like ancestral viruses. Furthermore, PCMoV, CCDaV, and CaCDaV genomes are ~12-30% larger than monopartite geminiviruses and this is primarily due to the encoded movement protein (MP; 891-921 nt) and this MP is most closely related to that encoded by the DNA-B component of bipartite begomoviruses. Hence, PCMoV, CCDaV, and CaCDaV lineage of viruses may represent molecules in an intermediary step in the evolution of bipartite begomoviruses (~5.3 kb) from monopartite geminiviruses (~2.7-3 kb). An infectious clone of PCMoV systemically infected Nicotiana benthamina, Arabidopsis thaliana, and Passiflora edulis.
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Silva MDS, Silva RPD, Souza AVLD, Xavier YPM, Oliveira ACD, Coqueiro DSO. Aplicação exógena do ácido salicílico em maracujazeiro-amarelo para o controle do vírus do endurecimento dos frutos. ARQUIVOS DO INSTITUTO BIOLÓGICO 2016. [DOI: 10.1590/1808-1657000082015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
RESUMO: Foram avaliados o efeito do ácido salicílico (AS) no controle do Cowpea aphid-borne mosaic virus (CABMV), vírus que induz o endurecimento dos frutos do maracujazeiro (EFM), e a sua influência na expressão dos sintomas e na ativação das enzimas peroxidase e polifenoloxidase. O experimento foi delineado e conduzido de forma inteiramente casualizada. Os tratamentos consistiram em AS (2,5 mM) e controle (etanol 10%), aplicados 12 horas antes da inoculação mecânica do CABMV, agente causal do EFM no Brasil. Um experimento similar foi conduzido sob as mesmas condições, porém, quatro aplicações do AS foram realizadas semanalmente após a inoculação mecânica do CABMV. Em ambos os experimentos a avaliação da severidade da doença foi realizada empregando escala de notas que variaram de 0 a 3. Para avaliar a atividade das enzimas peroxidase e polifenoloxidase, as plantas foram tratadas (AS e controle) e, após 12 horas, inoculadas com o isolado de CABMV. Foram realizadas amostragens foliares 0, 12, 24 e 48 horas após os tratamentos (HAT), que foram processadas e analisadas em espectrofotômetro para a constatação da ativação da peroxidase e polifenoloxidase. Aos 30 dias após a inoculação (DAI), o AS aplicado uma única vez promoveu redução da severidade de 57,1%, quando comparado com o controle. Nas plantas submetidas às aplicações semanais de AS foi constatada a redução significativa da expressão dos sintomas aos 45 DAI. Nos ensaios bioquímicos foi observado aumento significativo de peroxidase nos intervalos de 12 horas (DAI)/24 horas (HAT). Para polifenoloxidase foi observado um aumento significativo de sua atividade nos intervalos de 24 horas (DAI)/48 horas (HAT). Sugere-se que o AS pode representar uma ferramenta adicional no manejo do EFM.
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Garcêz RM, Chaves ALR, Eiras M, Meletti LMM, de Azevedo Filho JA, da Silva LA, Colariccio A. Survey of aphid population in a yellow passion fruit crop and its relationship on the spread Cowpea aphid-borne mosaic virus in a subtropical region of Brazil. SPRINGERPLUS 2015; 4:537. [PMID: 26413443 PMCID: PMC4579199 DOI: 10.1186/s40064-015-1263-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 08/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Background Passion fruit woodiness may be caused by Cowpea aphid-borne mosaic virus (CABMV) and is currently the major passion fruit disease in Brazil. To assess the virus-vector-host interactions, a newly introduced golden passion fruit plantation located in eastern region of São Paulo State, Brazil, was monitored. Methods Dissemination of CABMV was determined analyzing golden passion fruit plants monthly for 18 months by PTA-ELISA. Seasonality and aphid fauna diversity was determined by identification of the captured species using yellow sticky, yellow water-pan and green tile traps. Population composition of the aphid species was determined using the descriptive index of occurrence, dominance and general classification and overlap of species in the R program. Results Analyses of species grouping afforded to recognize 14 aphid species. The genus Aphis represented 55.42 % of the species captured. Aphid species formed two distinct clusters, one of which was characterized by the diversity of polyphagous species that presented high potential to spread CABMV. Conclusion The low abundance and diversity of aphid species did not interfere negatively in the CABMV epidemiology. The genus Aphis, particularly Aphis fabae/solanella and A. gossypii, was crucial in the spread of CABMV in passion fruit orchards in the eastern State of São Paulo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Maia Garcêz
- Laboratório de Fitovirologia e Fisiopatologia (LFF), Instituto Biológico (IB), São Paulo, SP Brazil
| | | | - Marcelo Eiras
- Laboratório de Fitovirologia e Fisiopatologia (LFF), Instituto Biológico (IB), São Paulo, SP Brazil
| | - Laura Maria Molina Meletti
- Instituto Agronômico de Campinas (IAC), Centro de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento de Recursos Genéticos Vegetais (CPDRGV), Campinas, SP Brazil
| | | | - Leonardo Assis da Silva
- Laboratório de Fitovirologia e Fisiopatologia (LFF), Instituto Biológico (IB), São Paulo, SP Brazil
| | - Addolorata Colariccio
- Laboratório de Fitovirologia e Fisiopatologia (LFF), Instituto Biológico (IB), São Paulo, SP Brazil
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Analysis of genome comparison of two Indian isolates of Cowpea aphid-borne mosaic virus from India. Virus Genes 2015; 51:306-9. [PMID: 26184969 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-015-1227-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The complete sequence of two Cowpea aphid-borne mosaic virus (CABMV) isolates (RR3 and RR4) from India was determined. Phylogenetic analysis showed that both isolates showed different closeness with other isolates of CABMV. CABMV-RR3 showed maximum identity of 99 % with CABMV-BR1 from Brazil at nucleotide and protein levels, whereas CABMV-RR4 showed identity of 73 and 95 % with CABMV-Z isolate from Zimbabwe at nucleotide and protein levels respectively. Similarity identity matrix revealed 69 % identity at nucleotide level and 91 % at protein level with each other. Recombination breakpoint detection showed that CABMV-MG-Avr from Brazil and CABMV-Z from Zimbabwe act as major parents in our isolates RR3 and RR4, respectively.
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Jose RFDM, Antonia DRF, Charles NM, Antonio CDO. Recent characterization of cowpea aphid-borne mosaic virus (CABMV) in Bahia State, Brazil, suggests potential regional isolation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.5897/ajb2015.14409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Complete nucleotide sequence of a new isolate of passion fruit woodiness virus from Western Australia. Arch Virol 2013; 158:1821-4. [PMID: 23508550 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-013-1670-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2012] [Accepted: 02/07/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
We determined the complete genome sequence of the passion fruit woodiness virus Gld-1 isolate (PWV-Gld-1) from Australia and compared it with that of PWV-MU-2, another Australian isolate of PWV. The genomes shared high sequence identity in both the complete nucleotide sequence and the ORF amino acid sequence. All of the cleavage sites of each protein were identical to those of MU-2, and the sequence identity for the individual proteins ranged from 97.2 % to 100.0 %. However, the 5' untranslated region (5'UTR) of the Gld-1 isolate shared only 46.8 % sequence identity with that of PWV-MU-2 and was 177 nucleotides shorter. Re-sequencing of the 5'UTR of MU-2 revealed that the 5' end of the original sequence includes an artifact generated by deep sequencing.
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Ochwo-Ssemakula M, Sengooba T, Hakiza JJ, Adipala E, Edema R, Redinbaugh MG, Aritua V, Winter S. Characterization and Distribution of a Potyvirus Associated with Passion Fruit Woodiness Disease in Uganda. PLANT DISEASE 2012; 96:659-665. [PMID: 30727515 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-03-11-0263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This article describes the incidence and etiology of a viral disease of passion fruit in Uganda. Symptoms, including those characteristic of passion fruit woodiness disease (PWD), were observed on 32% of plants in producing areas. Electron microscopic observations of infected tissues revealed flexuous filaments of ca. 780 nm. Enzymelinked immunosorbent assays indicated a serological relationship with Cowpea aphid-borne mosaic virus (CABMV) and Passion fruit ringspot virus (PFRSV). In host range studies, only species in the families Solanaceae and Chenopodiaceae were susceptible, and neither Vigna unguiculata nor Phaseolus vulgaris became infected. Coat protein (CP) gene sequences of eight isolates exhibited features typical of potyviruses and were highly similar (88 to 100% identity). However, the sequences had limited sequence identity with CP genes of two of the three potyviruses reported to cause PWD: East Asian Passiflora virus and Passion fruit woodiness virus (PWV). Deduced amino acid sequences for the CP of isolates from Uganda had highest identity with Bean common mosaic necrosis virus (BCMNV) (72 to 79%, with evolutionary divergence values between 0.17 and 0.19) and CABMV (73 to 76%, with divergence values between 0.21 and 0.25). Based on these results and in accordance with International Committee for Taxonomy of Viruses criteria for species demarcation in the family Potyviridae, we conclude that a previously unreported virus causes viral diseases on passion fruit in Uganda. The name "Ugandan Passiflora virus" is proposed for this virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ochwo-Ssemakula
- Department of Agricultural Production, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda
| | - T Sengooba
- International Food Policy Research Institute, P.O. Box 28565, Kampala, Uganda
| | - J J Hakiza
- National Agricultural Research Laboratories, Kampala, Uganda
| | - E Adipala
- Regional Universities Forum for Capacity Building in Agriculture, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda
| | - R Edema
- Department of Crop Science, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - M G Redinbaugh
- USDA, ARS Corn and Soybean Research Unit, and Department of Plant Pathology, The Ohio State University, OARDC, 1680 Madison Avenue, Wooster, OH 44691, USA
| | - V Aritua
- National Agricultural Biotechnology Centre, National Agricultural Research Laboratories, P.O. Box 7065, Kampala, Uganda, and Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, 4024 Throckmorton Plant Sciences Center, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - S Winter
- Plant Virus Department, Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen GmbH, Messeweg 11/12, Braunschweig 38104, Germany
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Molecular characterization and specific detection of two genetically distinguishable strains of East Asian Passiflora virus (EAPV) and their distribution in southern Japan. Virus Genes 2011; 44:141-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s11262-011-0676-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2011] [Accepted: 09/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Monteiro-Hara ACBA, Jadão AS, Mendes BMJ, Rezende JAM, Trevisan F, Mello APOA, Vieira MLC, Meletti LMM, De S Piedade SM. Genetic Transformation of Passionflower and Evaluation of R 1 and R 2 Generations for Resistance to Cowpea aphid borne mosaic virus. PLANT DISEASE 2011; 95:1021-1025. [PMID: 30732105 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-12-10-0873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We report on the production and evaluation of passionflower transgenic lines for resistance to Cowpea aphid borne mosaic virus (CABMV). Genetic transformation was done using Agrobacterium tumefaciens and transgene integration was confirmed by Southern blot analyses, resulting in nine transgenic lines for 'IAC 275' and three for 'IAC 277'. Transgenic lines were clonally propagated and evaluated for resistance to CABMV. After the third inoculation, under higher inoculum pressure, only propagated plants of the transgenic line T16 remained asymptomatic, indicating a high resistance to infection with CABMV. This transgenic line was self-pollinated and the R1 generation was evaluated together with the R1 generation of another resistant transgenic line (T2) identified previously. Plants were inoculated with CABMV by means of viruliferous Myzus nicotianae. All 524 T2R1 plants became infected, whereas 13 of 279 T16R1 remained asymptomatic after four successive inoculations. A T16R2 generation was obtained and plants were inoculated with CABMV mechanically or by aphids. After successive inoculations, 118 of 258 plants were symptomless, suggesting that the resistance to CABMV was maintained in the plant genome as the homozygous condition was achieved. Five selected resistant T16R2 plants which contained the capsid protein gene are being crossed for further analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra C B A Monteiro-Hara
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia Vegetal, Centro de Energia Nuclear na Agricultura, Universidade de São Paulo (CENA/USP), 13400-970 Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Adriana S Jadão
- Departamento de Fitopatologia e Nematologia, Escola Superior de Agricultura 'Luiz de Queiroz', Universidade de São Paulo (ESALQ/USP), 13418-900 Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | - L M M Meletti
- Centro de Fruticultura, Instituto Agronômico, 13020-902 Campinas, SP, Brazil
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Comparative analysis of the genomes of two isolates of cowpea aphid-borne mosaic virus (CABMV) obtained from different hosts. Arch Virol 2011; 156:1085-91. [PMID: 21409445 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-011-0962-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2010] [Accepted: 02/25/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The complete genomic sequences of two cowpea aphid-borne mosaic virus (CABMV) isolates from Brazil, MG-Avr from passion fruit (which also infects cowpea), and BR1 from peanut (which also infects cowpea, but not passion fruit), were determined. Their nucleotide sequences are 89% identical and display 85% identity to that of CABMV-Z. Both isolates have the typical potyvirus genome features. P3 and VPg are the most conserved proteins, with 99% amino acid sequence identity between the two isolates, and P1 is the most variable, with 50% identity. A significant variation exists at the 5'-end of the genome between the Brazilian isolates and CABMV-Z. However, this variation does not correlate with the biological properties of these three isolates.
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The complete genome sequence of a Passion fruit woodiness virus isolate from Australia determined using deep sequencing, and its relationship to other potyviruses. Arch Virol 2010; 156:479-82. [PMID: 21076846 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-010-0845-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2010] [Accepted: 10/19/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The complete genome sequence (9,858 nucleotides) of the Passion fruit woodiness virus isolate MU-2 was determined using Illumina sequencing. The large open reading frame (ORF) encodes a polyprotein containing 3,086 amino acids, with an AUG start codon and UAA stop codon. The polyprotein yielded 11 proteins (P1, HC-Pro, P3, PIPO, 6K1, CI, 6K2, NIa-VPg, NIa-Pro, NIb and CP). Putative cleavage sites between them were identified by sequence comparison to those of other known potyviruses. Accuracy of the genome sequence information was provided by 42-1691-fold sequence coverage, and viral RNA accounted for 7.38% of total polyadenylated RNA from the host plant.
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Gibbs AJ, Ohshima K, Phillips MJ, Gibbs MJ. The prehistory of potyviruses: their initial radiation was during the dawn of agriculture. PLoS One 2008; 3:e2523. [PMID: 18575612 PMCID: PMC2429970 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0002523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2008] [Accepted: 05/19/2008] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Potyviruses are found world wide, are spread by probing aphids and cause considerable crop damage. Potyvirus is one of the two largest plant virus genera and contains about 15% of all named plant virus species. When and why did the potyviruses become so numerous? Here we answer the first question and discuss the other. METHODS AND FINDINGS We have inferred the phylogenies of the partial coat protein gene sequences of about 50 potyviruses, and studied in detail the phylogenies of some using various methods and evolutionary models. Their phylogenies have been calibrated using historical isolation and outbreak events: the plum pox virus epidemic which swept through Europe in the 20th century, incursions of potyviruses into Australia after agriculture was established by European colonists, the likely transport of cowpea aphid-borne mosaic virus in cowpea seed from Africa to the Americas with the 16th century slave trade and the similar transport of papaya ringspot virus from India to the Americas. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Our studies indicate that the partial coat protein genes of potyviruses have an evolutionary rate of about 1.15x10(-4) nucleotide substitutions/site/year, and the initial radiation of the potyviruses occurred only about 6,600 years ago, and hence coincided with the dawn of agriculture. We discuss the ways in which agriculture may have triggered the prehistoric emergence of potyviruses and fostered their speciation.
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A mosaic of beach bean (Canavalia rosea) caused by an isolate of Cowpea aphid-borne mosaic virus (CABMV) in Brazil. Arch Virol 2008; 153:743-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s00705-008-0052-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2007] [Accepted: 02/04/2008] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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