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Olmedo-Velarde A, Larrea-Sarmiento A, Wang X, Hu J, Melzer M. A Breakthrough in Kitavirids: Genetic Variability, Reverse Genetics, Koch's Postulates, and Transmission of Hibiscus Green Spot Virus 2. Phytopathology 2024; 114:282-293. [PMID: 37366568 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-04-23-0110-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Hibiscus green spot virus 2 (HGSV-2), a member of the genus Higrevirus (family Kitaviridae), is a positive-stranded RNA virus associated with leprosis-like symptoms in citrus and green spots on leaves in hibiscus. HGSV-2 has only been reported in Hawaii, and while it is speculated that mites in the genus Brevipalpus might be responsible for its transmission, proper transmission assays have yet to be conducted. This study characterizes additional citrus and hibiscus isolates of HGSV-2 collected from two Hawaiian Islands. We constructed an infectious cDNA clone from a hibiscus isolate of HGSV-2 collected on Oahu and demonstrated its ability to infect several experimental hosts, including Phaseolus vulgaris, Nicotiana tabacum, and N. benthamiana, as well as natural hosts, Citrus reticulata and Hibiscus arnottianus. Bacilliform virions with varied sizes of 33 to 120 nm (length) and 14 to 70 nm (diameter) were observed in partially purified preparations obtained from agroinoculated leaves. Virus progeny from the infectious cDNA clone was found to be infectious after mechanical transmission to N. benthamiana and to cause local lesions. Finally, an isoline colony of the mite Brevipalpus azores had vector competence to transmit a citrus isolate of HGSV-2 collected from Maui to citrus and hibiscus plants, demonstrating the mite-borne nature of HGSV-2. The infectious cDNA clone developed in this study is the first reverse-genetics system for a kitavirid and will be fundamental to better characterize basic biology of HGSV-2 and its interactions with host plants and mite vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Olmedo-Velarde
- Department of Plant and Environmental Protection Sciences, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822
| | - Adriana Larrea-Sarmiento
- Department of Plant and Environmental Protection Sciences, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822
| | - Xupeng Wang
- Department of Plant and Environmental Protection Sciences, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822
| | - John Hu
- Department of Plant and Environmental Protection Sciences, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822
| | - Michael Melzer
- Department of Plant and Environmental Protection Sciences, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822
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2
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Padmanabhan C, Nunziata S, Leon M. G, Rivera Y, Mavrodieva VA, Nakhla MK, Roy A. High-throughput sequencing application in the detection and discovery of viruses associated with the regulated citrus leprosis disease complex. Front Plant Sci 2023; 13:1058847. [PMID: 36762187 PMCID: PMC9907091 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1058847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Citrus leprosis (CiL) is one of the destructive emerging viral diseases of citrus in the Americas. Leprosis syndrome is associated with two taxonomically distinct groups of Brevipalpus-transmitted viruses (BTVs), that consist of positive-sense Cilevirus, Higrevirus, and negative-sense Dichorhavirus. The localized CiL symptoms observed in multiple citrus species and other alternate hosts indicates that these viruses might have originated from the mites and eventually adopted citrus as a secondary host. Genetic diversity in the genomes of viruses associated with the CiL disease complex have complicated current detection and diagnostic measures that prompted the application of High-Throughput Sequencing (HTS) protocols for improved detection and diagnosis. Two cileviruses are known to infect citrus, and among them only citrus leprosis virus C2 (CiLV-C2) hibiscus strain (CiLV-C2H) has been reported in hibiscus and passion fruit in the US. Based on our current CiL disease complex hypothesis, there is a high probability that CiL disease is associated with more viruses/strains that have not yet been identified but exist in nature. To protect the citrus industry, a Ribo-Zero HTS protocol was utilized for detection of cileviruses infecting three different hosts: Citrus spp., Swinglea glutinosa, and Hibiscus rosa-sinensis. Real-time RT-PCR assays were used to identify plants infected with CiLV-C2 or CiLV-C2H or both in mixed infection in all the above-mentioned plant genera. These results were further confirmed by bioinformatic analysis using HTS generated data. In this study, we utilized HTS assay in confirmatory diagnostics to screen BTVs infecting Dieffenbachia sp. (family: Araceae), Passiflora edulis (Passifloraceae), and Smilax auriculata (Smilacaceae). Through the implementation of HTS and downstream data analysis, we detected not only the known cileviruses in the studied hosts but also discovered a new strain of CiLV-C2 in hibiscus from Colombia. Phylogenetically, the new hibiscus strain is more closely related to CiLV-C2 than the known hibiscus strain, CiLV-C2H. We propose this strain to be named as CiLV-C2 hibiscus strain 2 (CiLV-C2H2). The findings from the study are critical for citrus growers, industry, regulators, and researchers. The possible movement of CiLV-C2H2 from hibiscus to citrus by the Brevipalpus spp. warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chellappan Padmanabhan
- United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Animal Plant Health Inspection Service, Plant Protection and Quarantine, Science and Technology, Plant Pathogen Confirmatory Diagnostics Laboratory, Laurel, MD, United States
| | - Schyler Nunziata
- United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Animal Plant Health Inspection Service, Plant Protection and Quarantine, Science and Technology, Plant Pathogen Confirmatory Diagnostics Laboratory, Laurel, MD, United States
| | | | - Yazmín Rivera
- United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Animal Plant Health Inspection Service, Plant Protection and Quarantine, Science and Technology, Plant Pathogen Confirmatory Diagnostics Laboratory, Laurel, MD, United States
| | - Vessela A. Mavrodieva
- United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Animal Plant Health Inspection Service, Plant Protection and Quarantine, Science and Technology, Plant Pathogen Confirmatory Diagnostics Laboratory, Laurel, MD, United States
| | - Mark K. Nakhla
- United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Animal Plant Health Inspection Service, Plant Protection and Quarantine, Science and Technology, Plant Pathogen Confirmatory Diagnostics Laboratory, Laurel, MD, United States
| | - Avijit Roy
- United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Animal Plant Health Inspection Service, Plant Protection and Quarantine, Science and Technology, Plant Pathogen Confirmatory Diagnostics Laboratory, Laurel, MD, United States
- United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Agricultural Research Service, Molecular Plant Pathology Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Beltsville, MD, United States
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Ramos-González PL, Kondo H, Morozov S, Vasilakis N, Varsani A, Cao M, Freitas-Astúa J. Editorial: The Border Between Kitavirids and Nege-Like Viruses: Tracking the Evolutionary Pace of Plant- and Arthropod-Infecting Viruses. Front Plant Sci 2022; 13:932523. [PMID: 35685019 PMCID: PMC9171497 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.932523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Hideki Kondo
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki, Japan
| | - Sergey Morozov
- A. N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Nikolaos Vasilakis
- Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Arvind Varsani
- Center for Fundamental and Applied Microbiomics, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States
| | - Mengji Cao
- Citrus Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beibei, China
| | - Juliana Freitas-Astúa
- Laboratório de Fitopatologia, Embrapa Mandioca e Fruticultura, Cruz das Almas, Brazil
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Tassi AD, Ramos-González PL, Sinico TE, Kitajima EW, Freitas-Astúa J. Circulative Transmission of Cileviruses in Brevipalpus Mites May Involve the Paracellular Movement of Virions. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:836743. [PMID: 35464977 PMCID: PMC9019602 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.836743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant viruses transmitted by mites of the genus Brevipalpus are members of the genera Cilevirus, family Kitaviridae, or Dichorhavirus, family Rhabdoviridae. They produce non-systemic infections that typically display necrotic and/or chlorotic lesions around the inoculation loci. The cilevirus citrus leprosis virus C (CiLV-C) causes citrus leprosis, rated as one of the most destructive diseases affecting this crop in the Americas. CiLV-C is vectored in a persistent manner by the flat mite Brevipalpus yothersi. Upon the ingestion of viral particles with the content of the infected plant cell, virions must pass through the midgut epithelium and the anterior podocephalic gland of the mites. Following the duct from this gland, virions reach the salivary canal before their inoculation into a new plant cell through the stylet canal. It is still unclear whether CiLV-C multiplies in mite cells and what mechanisms contribute to its movement through mite tissues. In this study, based on direct observation of histological sections from viruliferous mites using the transmission electron microscope, we posit the hypothesis of the paracellular movement of CiLV-C in mites which may involve the manipulation of septate junctions. We detail the presence of viral particles aligned in the intercellular spaces between cells and the gastrovascular system of Brevipalpus mites. Accordingly, we propose putative genes that could control either active or passive paracellular circulation of viral particles inside the mites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Daniele Tassi
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular Aplicada, Instituto Biológico, São Paulo, Brazil.,Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz (ESALQ), Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | | | - Thais Elise Sinico
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular Aplicada, Instituto Biológico, São Paulo, Brazil.,Centro de Citricultura Sylvio Moreira, Cordeirópolis, Brazil
| | - Elliot Watanabe Kitajima
- Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz (ESALQ), Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Juliana Freitas-Astúa
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular Aplicada, Instituto Biológico, São Paulo, Brazil.,Embrapa Mandioca e Fruticultura, Cruz das Almas, Brazil
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Ramos-González PL, Pons T, Chabi-Jesus C, Arena GD, Freitas-Astua J. Poorly Conserved P15 Proteins of Cileviruses Retain Elements of Common Ancestry and Putative Functionality: A Theoretical Assessment on the Evolution of Cilevirus Genomes. Front Plant Sci 2021; 12:771983. [PMID: 34804105 PMCID: PMC8602818 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.771983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The genus Cilevirus groups enveloped single-stranded (+) RNA virus members of the family Kitaviridae, order Martellivirales. Proteins P15, scarcely conserved polypeptides encoded by cileviruses, have no apparent homologs in public databases. Accordingly, the open reading frames (ORFs) p15, located at the 5'-end of the viral RNA2 molecules, are considered orphan genes (ORFans). In this study, we have delved into ORFs p15 and the relatively poorly understood biochemical properties of the proteins P15 to posit their importance for viruses across the genus and theorize on their origin. We detected that the ORFs p15 are under purifying selection and that, in some viral strains, the use of synonymous codons is biased, which might be a sign of adaptation to their plant hosts. Despite the high amino acid sequence divergence, proteins P15 show the conserved motif [FY]-L-x(3)-[FL]-H-x-x-[LIV]-S-C-x-C-x(2)-C-x-G-x-C, which occurs exclusively in members of this protein family. Proteins P15 also show a common predicted 3D structure that resembles the helical scaffold of the protein ORF49 encoded by radinoviruses and the phosphoprotein C-terminal domain of mononegavirids. Based on the 3D structural similarities of P15, we suggest elements of common ancestry, conserved functionality, and relevant amino acid residues. We conclude by postulating a plausible evolutionary trajectory of ORFans p15 and the 5'-end of the RNA2 of cileviruses considering both protein fold superpositions and comparative genomic analyses with the closest kitaviruses, negeviruses, nege/kita-like viruses, and unrelated viruses that share the ecological niches of cileviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro L. Ramos-González
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular Aplicada, Instituto Biológico de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tirso Pons
- National Centre for Biotechnology (CNB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Camila Chabi-Jesus
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular Aplicada, Instituto Biológico de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz (ESALQ), Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Gabriella Dias Arena
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular Aplicada, Instituto Biológico de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Juliana Freitas-Astua
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular Aplicada, Instituto Biológico de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Embrapa Mandioca e Fruticultura, Cruz das Almas, Brazil
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Olmedo-Velarde A, Hu J, Melzer MJ. A Virus Infecting Hibiscus rosa-sinensis Represents an Evolutionary Link Between Cileviruses and Higreviruses. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:660237. [PMID: 34012426 PMCID: PMC8126721 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.660237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Hibiscus (Hibiscus spp.) are popular ornamental and landscape plants in Hawaii which are susceptible to foliar diseases caused by viruses belonging to the genera Cilevirus and Higrevirus (family Kitaviridae). In this study, a virus infecting H. rosa-sinensis plants displaying foliar symptoms consistent with infection by a kitavirus, including yellow chlorotic blotches with a green perimeter, was characterized. The genome consisted of two RNAs 8.4 and 4.4 kb in length, and was organized most similarly to cileviruses, but with important distinctions. These included the location of the p29 homolog as the 3′-terminal open reading frame (ORF) of RNA2 instead of its typical locus at the 3′-end of RNA1; the absence of a p15 homolog on RNA2 and the adjacent intergenic region which also harbors small putative ORFs of unknown function; and the presence of an ORF encoding a 10 kDa protein at the 3′-terminal end of RNA1 that was also found to be present in the hibiscus green spot virus 2 genome. Spherical particles approximately 55–65 nm in diameter were observed in infected leaf tissue, and viral RNA was detected by reverse-transcription PCR in individual mites collected from symptomatic plants tentatively identified as Brevipalpus yothersi. Although phylogenetic analyses placed this virus between the higrevirus and cilevirus clades, we propose the tentative taxonomic placement of this virus, designated hibiscus yellow blotch virus (HYBV), within the genus Cilevirus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Olmedo-Velarde
- Department of Plant and Environmental Protection Sciences, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, United States
| | - John Hu
- Department of Plant and Environmental Protection Sciences, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, United States
| | - Michael J Melzer
- Department of Plant and Environmental Protection Sciences, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, United States
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Chabi-Jesus C, Ramos-González PL, Postclam-Barro M, Fontenele RS, Harakava R, Bassanezi RB, Moreira AS, Kitajima EW, Varsani A, Freitas-Astúa J. Molecular Epidemiology of Citrus Leprosis Virus C: A New Viral Lineage and Phylodynamic of the Main Viral Subpopulations in the Americas. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:641252. [PMID: 33995302 PMCID: PMC8116597 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.641252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the importance of viral strains/variants as agents of emerging diseases, genetic and evolutionary processes affecting their ecology are not fully understood. To get insight into this topic, we assessed the population and spatial dynamic parameters of citrus leprosis virus C (CiLV-C, genus Cilevirus, family Kitaviridae). CiLV-C is the etiological agent of citrus leprosis disease, a non-systemic infection considered the main viral disorder affecting citrus orchards in Brazil. Overall, we obtained 18 complete or near-complete viral genomes, 123 complete nucleotide sequences of the open reading frame (ORF) encoding the putative coat protein, and 204 partial nucleotide sequences of the ORF encoding the movement protein, from 430 infected Citrus spp. samples collected between 1932 and 2020. A thorough examination of the collected dataset suggested that the CiLV-C population consists of the major lineages CRD and SJP, unevenly distributed, plus a third one called ASU identified in this work, which is represented by a single isolate found in an herbarium sample collected in Asuncion, Paraguay, in 1937. Viruses from the three lineages share about 85% nucleotide sequence identity and show signs of inter-clade recombination events. Members of the lineage CRD were identified both in commercial and non-commercial citrus orchards. However, those of the lineages SJP were exclusively detected in samples collected in the citrus belt of São Paulo and Minas Gerais, the leading Brazilian citrus production region, after 2015. The most recent common ancestor of viruses of the three lineages dates back to, at least, ∼1500 years ago. Since citrus plants were introduced in the Americas by the Portuguese around the 1520s, the Bayesian phylodynamic analysis suggested that the ancestors of the main CiLV-C lineages likely originated in contact with native vegetation of South America. The intensive expansion of CRD and SJP lineages in Brazil started probably linked to the beginning of the local citrus industry. The high prevalence of CiLV-C in the citrus belt of Brazil likely ensues from the intensive connectivity between orchards, which represents a potential risk toward pathogen saturation across the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Chabi-Jesus
- Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz", University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Instituto Biológico/IB, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Rafaela Salgado Fontenele
- The Biodesign Center for Fundamental and Applied Microbiomics, Center for Evolution and Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States
| | | | | | - Alecio S Moreira
- Fundo de Defesa da Citricultura, Araraquara, Brazil.,Embrapa Mandioca e Fruticultura, Cruz das Almas, Brazil
| | | | - Arvind Varsani
- The Biodesign Center for Fundamental and Applied Microbiomics, Center for Evolution and Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States.,Structural Biology Research Unit, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, University of Cape Town, Observatory, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Juliana Freitas-Astúa
- Instituto Biológico/IB, São Paulo, Brazil.,Embrapa Mandioca e Fruticultura, Cruz das Almas, Brazil
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Ramos-González PL, Dos Santos GF, Chabi-Jesus C, Harakava R, Kitajima EW, Freitas-Astúa J. Passion Fruit Green Spot Virus Genome Harbors a New Orphan ORF and Highlights the Flexibility of the 5'-End of the RNA2 Segment Across Cileviruses. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:206. [PMID: 32117189 PMCID: PMC7033587 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Passion fruit green spot and passion fruit sudden death are two reportedly distinct viral diseases that recurrently affect passion fruit (Passiflora spp.) groves in Brazil. Here we used a systematic approach that interconnects symptoms, transmission electron microscopy, RT-PCR detection assays followed by Sanger sequencing, and high-throughput sequencing of the RNA of affected passion fruit plants to gain insights about these diseases. Our data confirmed not only the involvement of cileviruses in these two pathologies, as previously suggested, but also that these viruses belong to the same tentative species: passion fruit green spot virus (PfGSV). Results revealed that PfGSV has a positive-sense RNA genome split into two molecules of approximately 9 kb (RNA1) and 5 kb (RNA2), which share about 50–70% nucleotide sequence identity with other viruses in the genus Cilevirus. Genome sequences of five PfGSV isolates suggest that they have more conserved RNA1 (<5% of nucleotide sequence variability) compared to RNA2 (up to 7% of variability) molecules. The highest nucleotide sequence divergence among PfGSV isolates and other cileviruses is in the genomic segment covering from the 5′-end of the RNA2 until the 5′-end of the open reading frame (ORF) p61, which includes the ORF p15 and the intergenic region. This genomic stretch also harbors a novel orphan ORF encoding a 13 kDa protein presenting a cysteine-rich domain. High variability of 5′-end of the RNA2 in cileviruses is discussed in an evolutionary context assuming that they share putative common ancestors with unclassified arthropod-infecting single-strand positive RNA viruses, including mosquito-specific viruses of the group Negevirus (clades Nelorpivirus and Sandwavirus), and other viruses in the family Kitaviridae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Luis Ramos-González
- Instituto Biológico, Unidade Laboratorial de Referência em Biologia Molecular Aplicada, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Camila Chabi-Jesus
- Instituto Biológico, Unidade Laboratorial de Referência em Biologia Molecular Aplicada, São Paulo, Brazil.,PPG Microbiologia Agrícola Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Harakava
- Instituto Biológico, Unidade Laboratorial de Referência em Biologia Molecular Aplicada, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Elliot W Kitajima
- Núcleo de Apoio à Pesquisa em Microscopia Eletrônica Aplicada a Agricultura, Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Juliana Freitas-Astúa
- Instituto Biológico, Unidade Laboratorial de Referência em Biologia Molecular Aplicada, São Paulo, Brazil.,Embrapa Cassava and Fruits, Cruz das Almas, Brazil
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Niu J, Zhang W, Sun QZ, Wang JJ. Three novel RNA viruses in the spider mite Tetranychus urticae and their possible interactions with the host RNA interference response. J Invertebr Pathol 2019; 166:107228. [PMID: 31386829 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2019.107228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
As a polyphagous herbivore, the two-spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae is engaged with various plant hosts and interacts with diverse organisms that share the same ecological niche. Thus, T. urticae faces frequent challenges from viral infections. However, the RNA viruses of T. urticae are still unknown. Here, we constructed two libraries (~8 Gb for RNA and ~10 Mb for small RNA) from a strain of T. urticae using deep sequencing, and identified three novel RNA viruses from the families Kitaviridae, Dicistroviridae, and Chuviridae. Among them, the Kitaviridae and Dicistroviridae viruses presented a possible interaction pattern with the host RNA interference pathway.
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