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Prenafeta A, Bech-Sàbat G, Moros A, Barreiro A, Fernández A, Cañete M, Roca M, González-González L, Garriga C, Confais J, Toussenot M, Contamin H, Pizzorno A, Rosa-Calatrava M, Pradenas E, Marfil S, Blanco J, Rica PC, Sisteré-Oró M, Meyerhans A, Lorca C, Segalés J, Prat T, March R, Ferrer L. Preclinical evaluation of PHH-1V vaccine candidate against SARS-CoV-2 in non-human primates. iScience 2023; 26:107224. [PMID: 37502366 PMCID: PMC10299950 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 emerged in December 2019 and quickly spread worldwide, continuously striking with an unpredictable evolution. Despite the success in vaccine production and mass vaccination programs, the situation is not still completely controlled, and therefore accessible second-generation vaccines are required to mitigate the pandemic. We previously developed an adjuvanted vaccine candidate coded PHH-1V, based on a heterodimer fusion protein comprising the RBD domain of two SARS-CoV-2 variants. Here, we report data on the efficacy, safety, and immunogenicity of PHH-1V in cynomolgus macaques. PHH-1V prime-boost vaccination induces high levels of RBD-specific IgG binding and neutralizing antibodies against several SARS-CoV-2 variants, as well as a balanced Th1/Th2 cellular immune response. Remarkably, PHH-1V vaccination prevents SARS-CoV-2 replication in the lower respiratory tract and significantly reduces viral load in the upper respiratory tract after an experimental infection. These results highlight the potential use of the PHH-1V vaccine in humans, currently undergoing Phase III clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Manuel Cañete
- HIPRA, Avda. La Selva, 135, 17170 Amer (Girona), Spain
| | - Mercè Roca
- HIPRA, Avda. La Selva, 135, 17170 Amer (Girona), Spain
| | | | - Carme Garriga
- HIPRA, Avda. La Selva, 135, 17170 Amer (Girona), Spain
| | | | | | | | - Andrés Pizzorno
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (Team VirPath), Université de Lyon, INSERM U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Manuel Rosa-Calatrava
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (Team VirPath), Université de Lyon, INSERM U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France
- VirNext, Faculté de Médecine RTH Laennec, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Edwards Pradenas
- IrsiCaixa. AIDS Research Institute, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Can Ruti Campus, UAB, 08916 Badalona, Spain
| | - Silvia Marfil
- IrsiCaixa. AIDS Research Institute, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Can Ruti Campus, UAB, 08916 Badalona, Spain
| | - Julià Blanco
- IrsiCaixa. AIDS Research Institute, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Can Ruti Campus, UAB, 08916 Badalona, Spain
- University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia (uVic-UCC), 08500 Vic, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Paula Cebollada Rica
- Infection Biology Laboratory, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Sisteré-Oró
- Infection Biology Laboratory, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andreas Meyerhans
- Infection Biology Laboratory, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
- ICREA (Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies), Pg. Lluís Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Lorca
- Unitat Mixta d'Investigació IRTA-UAB en Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- IRTA, Programa de Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Joaquim Segalés
- Unitat Mixta d'Investigació IRTA-UAB en Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- Departament de Sanitat i Anatomia Animals, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Teresa Prat
- HIPRA, Avda. La Selva, 135, 17170 Amer (Girona), Spain
| | - Ricard March
- HIPRA, Avda. La Selva, 135, 17170 Amer (Girona), Spain
| | - Laura Ferrer
- HIPRA, Avda. La Selva, 135, 17170 Amer (Girona), Spain
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Araujo SC, Pereira LR, Alves RPS, Andreata-Santos R, Kanno AI, Ferreira LCS, Gonçalves VM. Anti-Flavivirus Vaccines: Review of the Present Situation and Perspectives of Subunit Vaccines Produced in Escherichia coli. Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 8:vaccines8030492. [PMID: 32878023 PMCID: PMC7564369 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8030492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This article aims to review the present status of anti-flavivirus subunit vaccines, both those at the experimental stage and those already available for clinical use. Aspects regarding development of vaccines to Yellow Fever virus, (YFV), Dengue virus (DENV), West Nile virus (WNV), Zika virus (ZIKV), and Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) are highlighted, with particular emphasis on purified recombinant proteins generated in bacterial cells. Currently licensed anti-flavivirus vaccines are based on inactivated, attenuated, or virus-vector vaccines. However, technological advances in the generation of recombinant antigens with preserved structural and immunological determinants reveal new possibilities for the development of recombinant protein-based vaccine formulations for clinical testing. Furthermore, novel proposals for multi-epitope vaccines and the discovery of new adjuvants and delivery systems that enhance and/or modulate immune responses can pave the way for the development of successful subunit vaccines. Nonetheless, advances in this field require high investments that will probably not raise interest from private pharmaceutical companies and, therefore, will require support by international philanthropic organizations and governments of the countries more severely stricken by these viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio C. Araujo
- Laboratory of Vaccine Development, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo–SP 05503-900, Brazil; (S.C.A.); (A.I.K.)
| | - Lennon R. Pereira
- Laboratory of Vaccine Development, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo–SP 05508-000, Brazil; (L.R.P.); (R.P.S.A.); (R.A.-S.)
| | - Rubens P. S. Alves
- Laboratory of Vaccine Development, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo–SP 05508-000, Brazil; (L.R.P.); (R.P.S.A.); (R.A.-S.)
| | - Robert Andreata-Santos
- Laboratory of Vaccine Development, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo–SP 05508-000, Brazil; (L.R.P.); (R.P.S.A.); (R.A.-S.)
| | - Alex I. Kanno
- Laboratory of Vaccine Development, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo–SP 05503-900, Brazil; (S.C.A.); (A.I.K.)
| | - Luis Carlos S. Ferreira
- Laboratory of Vaccine Development, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo–SP 05508-000, Brazil; (L.R.P.); (R.P.S.A.); (R.A.-S.)
- Correspondence: (L.C.S.F.); (V.M.G.)
| | - Viviane M. Gonçalves
- Laboratory of Vaccine Development, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo–SP 05503-900, Brazil; (S.C.A.); (A.I.K.)
- Correspondence: (L.C.S.F.); (V.M.G.)
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3
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Affiliation(s)
- Lázaro Gil
- Vaccine Department, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), Havana, Cuba
| | - Laura Lazo
- Vaccine Department, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), Havana, Cuba
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4
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Medina LO, To A, Lieberman MM, Wong TAS, Namekar M, Nakano E, Andersen H, Yalley-Ogunro J, Greenhouse J, Higgs S, Huang YJS, Vanlandingham DL, Horton JS, Clements DE, Lehrer AT. A Recombinant Subunit Based Zika Virus Vaccine Is Efficacious in Non-human Primates. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2464. [PMID: 30467501 PMCID: PMC6236113 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Zika Virus (ZIKV), a virus with no severe clinical symptoms or sequelae previously associated with human infection, became a public health threat following an epidemic in French Polynesia 2013-2014 that resulted in neurological complications associated with infection. Although no treatment currently exists, several vaccines using different platforms are in clinical development. These include nucleic acid vaccines based on the prM-E protein from the virus and purified formalin-inactivated ZIKV vaccines (ZPIV) which are in Phase 1/2 clinical trials. Using a recombinant subunit platform consisting of antigens produced in Drosophila melanogaster S2 cells, we have previously shown seroconversion and protection against viremia in an immunocompetent mouse model. Here we demonstrate the efficacy of our recombinant subunits in a non-human primate (NHP) viremia model. High neutralizing antibody titers were seen in all protected macaques and passive transfer demonstrated that plasma from these NHPs was sufficient to protect against viremia in mice subsequently infected with ZIKV. Taken together our data demonstrate the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of the recombinant subunit vaccine candidate in NHPs as well as highlight the importance of neutralizing antibodies in protection against ZIKV infection and their potential implication as a correlate of protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liana O Medina
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology & Pharmacology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, United States
| | - Albert To
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology & Pharmacology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, United States
| | - Michael M Lieberman
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology & Pharmacology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, United States
| | - Teri Ann S Wong
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology & Pharmacology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, United States
| | - Madhuri Namekar
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology & Pharmacology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, United States
| | - Eileen Nakano
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology & Pharmacology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, United States
| | | | | | | | - Stephen Higgs
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, Biosecurity Research Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
| | - Yan-Jang S Huang
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, Biosecurity Research Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
| | - Dana L Vanlandingham
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, Biosecurity Research Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
| | | | | | - Axel T Lehrer
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology & Pharmacology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, United States
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Engineered Dengue Virus Domain III Proteins Elicit Cross-Neutralizing Antibody Responses in Mice. J Virol 2018; 92:JVI.01023-18. [PMID: 29976679 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01023-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Dengue virus is the most globally prevalent mosquito-transmitted virus. Primary infection with one of four cocirculating serotypes (DENV-1 to -4) causes a febrile illness, but secondary infection with a heterologous serotype can result in severe disease, due in part to antibody-dependent enhancement of infection (ADE). In ADE, cross-reactive but nonneutralizing antibodies, or subprotective levels of neutralizing antibodies, promote uptake of antibody-opsonized virus in Fc-γ receptor-positive cells. Thus, elicitation of broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs), but not nonneutralizing antibodies, is desirable for dengue vaccine development. Domain III of the envelope glycoprotein (EDIII) is targeted by bNAbs and thus is an attractive immunogen. However, immunization with EDIII results in sera with limited neutralization breadth. We developed "resurfaced" EDIII immunogens (rsDIIIs) in which the A/G strand epitope that is targeted by bNAb 4E11 is maintained but less desirable epitopes are masked. RsDIIIs bound 4E11, but not serotype-specific or nonneutralizing antibodies. One rsDIII and, unexpectedly, wild-type (WT) DENV-2 EDIII elicited cross-neutralizing antibody responses against DENV-1 to -3 in mice. While these sera were cross-neutralizing, they were not sufficiently potent to protect AG129 immunocompromised mice at a dose of 200 μl (50% focus reduction neutralization titer [FRNT50], ∼1:60 to 1:130) against mouse-adapted DENV-2. Our results provide insight into immunogen design strategies based on EDIII.IMPORTANCE Dengue virus causes approximately 390 million infections per year. Primary infection by one serotype causes a self-limiting febrile illness, but secondary infection by a heterologous serotype can result in severe dengue syndrome, which is characterized by hemorrhagic fever and shock syndrome. This severe disease is thought to arise because of cross-reactive, non- or poorly neutralizing antibodies from the primary infection that are present in serum at the time of secondary infection. These cross-reactive antibodies enhance the infection rather than controlling it. Therefore, induction of a broadly and potently neutralizing antibody response is desirable for dengue vaccine development. Here, we explore a novel strategy for developing immunogens based on domain III of the E glycoprotein, where undesirable epitopes (nonneutralizing or nonconserved) are masked by mutation. This work provides fundamental insight into the immune response to domain III that can be leveraged for future immunogen design.
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Züst R, Li SH, Xie X, Velumani S, Chng M, Toh YX, Zou J, Dong H, Shan C, Pang J, Qin CF, Newell EW, Shi PY, Fink K. Characterization of a candidate tetravalent vaccine based on 2'-O-methyltransferase mutants. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0189262. [PMID: 29298302 PMCID: PMC5751980 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0189262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) is one of the most widespread arboviruses. The four DENV serotypes infect about 400 million people every year, causing 96 million clinical dengue cases, of which approximately 500’000 are severe and potentially life-threatening. The only licensed vaccine has a limited efficacy and is only recommended in regions with high endemicity. We previously reported that 2’-O-methyltransferase mutations in DENV-1 and DENV-2 block their capacity to inhibit type I IFNs and render the viruses attenuated in vivo, making them amenable as vaccine strains; here we apply this strategy to all four DENV serotypes to generate a tetravalent, non-chimeric live-attenuated dengue vaccine. 2’-O-methyltransferase mutants of all four serotypes are highly sensitive to type I IFN inhibition in human cells. The tetravalent formulation is attenuated and immunogenic in mice and cynomolgus macaques and elicits a response that protects from virus challenge. These results show the potential of 2’-O-methyltransferase mutant viruses as a safe, tetravalent, non-chimeric dengue vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland Züst
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shi-Hua Li
- Novartis Institute for Tropical Diseases, Chromos, Singapore, Singapore
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Xuping Xie
- Novartis Institute for Tropical Diseases, Chromos, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States of America
| | - Sumathy Velumani
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Melissa Chng
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ying-Xiu Toh
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jing Zou
- Novartis Institute for Tropical Diseases, Chromos, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States of America
| | - Hongping Dong
- Novartis Institute for Tropical Diseases, Chromos, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chao Shan
- Novartis Institute for Tropical Diseases, Chromos, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States of America
| | - Jassia Pang
- Biological Resource Centre, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Cheng-Feng Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Evan W. Newell
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Pei-Yong Shi
- Novartis Institute for Tropical Diseases, Chromos, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States of America
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States of America
- Sealy Center for Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States of America
- * E-mail: (KF); (PYS)
| | - Katja Fink
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
- * E-mail: (KF); (PYS)
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Animal Models for Dengue and Zika Vaccine Development. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1062:215-239. [PMID: 29845536 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-8727-1_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The current status of animal models in the study of dengue and Zika are covered in this review. Mouse models deficient in IFN signaling are used to overcome the natural resistance of mice to non-encephalitic flaviviruses. Conditional IFNAR mice and non-human primates (NHP) are useful immuno-competent models. Sterile immunity after dengue vaccination is not observed in NHPs. Placental and fetal development in NHPs is similar to humans, facilitating studies on infection-mediated fetal impairment.
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8
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The tetravalent formulation of domain III-capsid proteins recalls memory B- and T-cell responses induced in monkeys by an experimental dengue virus infection. Clin Transl Immunology 2017; 6:e148. [PMID: 28748091 PMCID: PMC5518957 DOI: 10.1038/cti.2017.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2017] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Tetra DIIIC is a vaccine candidate against dengue virus (DENV) composed by four chimeric proteins that fuse the domain III of the envelope protein of each virus to the corresponding capsid protein. Containing B- and T-cell epitopes, these proteins form aggregates after the incubation with an immunostimulatory oligodeoxynucleotide, and their tetravalent formulation induces neutralizing antibodies and cellular immune response in mice and monkeys. Also, Tetra DIIIC protects mice after challenge with each DENV, and the monovalent formulation obtained from DENV-2 protects monkeys upon homologous viral challenge. However, in the last years, new evidences have arisen regarding domain III of DENV envelope protein as irrelevant target for neutralizing antibodies in humans. Nevertheless, vaccination with domain III induces a neutralizing antibody response that confers protection against re-infection. In addition, it has been demonstrated that the induction of a cellular immune response is essential to protect during the infection. This response can also avoid severe manifestations of dengue disease, associated to the antibody-dependent enhancement of the infection. In this study, we observed that Tetra DIIIC was able to boost the antiviral and neutralizing antibody responses previously generated in monkeys during an experimental DENV infection, demonstrating that domain III is targeted by B cells during the viral infection. Additionally, Tetra DIIIC successfully boosted the cellular immune response generated by the viruses, probably against T-cells epitopes in the capsid proteins. These results highlight the functionality of Tetra DIIIC as a vaccine candidate against DENV.
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McBurney SP, Sunshine JE, Gabriel S, Huynh JP, Sutton WF, Fuller DH, Haigwood NL, Messer WB. Evaluation of protection induced by a dengue virus serotype 2 envelope domain III protein scaffold/DNA vaccine in non-human primates. Vaccine 2016; 34:3500-7. [PMID: 27085173 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.03.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2015] [Revised: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
We describe the preclinical development of a dengue virus vaccine targeting the dengue virus serotype 2 (DENV2) envelope domain III (EDIII). This study provides proof-of-principle that a dengue EDIII protein scaffold/DNA vaccine can protect against dengue challenge. The dengue vaccine (EDIII-E2) is composed of both a protein particle and a DNA expression plasmid delivered simultaneously via intramuscular injection (protein) and gene gun (DNA) into rhesus macaques. The protein component can contain a maximum of 60 copies of EDIII presented on a multimeric scaffold of Geobacillus stearothermophilus E2 proteins. The DNA component is composed of the EDIII portion of the envelope gene cloned into an expression plasmid. The EDIII-E2 vaccine elicited robust antibody responses to DENV2, with neutralizing antibody responses detectable following the first boost and reaching titers of greater than 1:100,000 following the second and final boost. Vaccinated and naïve groups of macaques were challenged with DENV2. All vaccinated macaques were protected from detectable viremia by infectious assay, while naïve animals had detectable viremia for 2-7 days post-challenge. All naïve macaques had detectable viral RNA from day 2-10 post-challenge. In the EDIII-E2 group, three macaques were negative for viral RNA and three were found to have detectable viral RNA post challenge. Viremia onset was delayed and the duration was shortened relative to naïve controls. The presence of viral RNA post-challenge corresponded to a 10-30-fold boost in neutralization titers 28 days post challenge, whereas no boost was observed in the fully protected animals. Based on these results, we determine that pre-challenge 50% neutralization titers of >1:6000 correlated with sterilizing protection against DENV2 challenge in EDIII-E2 vaccinated macaques. Identification of the critical correlate of protection for the EDIII-E2 platform in the robust non-human primate model lays the groundwork for further development of a tetravalent EDIII-E2 dengue vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean P McBurney
- Division of Pathobiology & Immunology, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, 505 NW 185th Ave., Beaverton, OR 97006, USA
| | - Justine E Sunshine
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd., Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Sarah Gabriel
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd., Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Jeremy P Huynh
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd., Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - William F Sutton
- Division of Pathobiology & Immunology, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, 505 NW 185th Ave., Beaverton, OR 97006, USA
| | - Deborah H Fuller
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington School of Medicine, 1705 NE Pacific St., Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Nancy L Haigwood
- Division of Pathobiology & Immunology, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, 505 NW 185th Ave., Beaverton, OR 97006, USA; Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd., Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - William B Messer
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd., Portland, OR 97239, USA; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Oregon Health and Sciences University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd., Portland, OR 97239, USA.
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10
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Frei JC, Kielian M, Lai JR. Comprehensive mapping of functional epitopes on dengue virus glycoprotein E DIII for binding to broadly neutralizing antibodies 4E11 and 4E5A by phage display. Virology 2015; 485:371-82. [PMID: 26339794 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2015.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Revised: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Here we investigated the binding of Dengue virus envelope glycoprotein domain III (DIII) by two broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs), 4E11 and 4E5A. There are four serotypes of Dengue virus (DENV-1 to -4), whose DIII sequences vary by up to 49%. We used combinatorial alanine scanning mutagenesis, a phage display approach, to map functional epitopes (those residues that contribute most significantly to the energetics of antibody-antigen interaction) on these four serotypes. Our results showed that 4E11, which binds strongly to DENV-1, -2, and -3, and moderately to DENV-4, recognized a common conserved core functional epitope involving DIII residues K310, L/I387, L389, and W391. There were also unique recognition features for each serotype, suggesting that 4E11 has flexible recognition requirements. Similar scanning studies for the related bNAb 4E5A, which binds more tightly to DENV-4, identified broader functional epitopes on DENV-1. These results provide useful information for immunogen and therapeutic antibody design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia C Frei
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, New York 10461, United States
| | - Margaret Kielian
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, New York 10461, United States
| | - Jonathan R Lai
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, New York 10461, United States.
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11
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Sariol CA, White LJ. Utility, limitations, and future of non-human primates for dengue research and vaccine development. Front Immunol 2014; 5:452. [PMID: 25309540 PMCID: PMC4174039 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2014.00452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2014] [Accepted: 09/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue is considered the most important emerging, human arboviruses, with worldwide distribution in the tropics. Unfortunately, there are no licensed dengue vaccines available or specific anti-viral drugs. The development of a dengue vaccine faces unique challenges. The four serotypes co-circulate in endemic areas, and pre-existing immunity to one serotype does not protect against infection with other serotypes, and actually may enhance severity of disease. One foremost constraint to test the efficacy of a dengue vaccine is the lack of an animal model that adequately recapitulates the clinical manifestations of a dengue infection in humans. In spite of this limitation, non-human primates (NHP) are considered the best available animal model to evaluate dengue vaccine candidates due to their genetic relatedness to humans and their ability to develop a viremia upon infection and a robust immune response similar to that in humans. Therefore, most dengue vaccines candidates are tested in primates before going into clinical trials. In this article, we present a comprehensive review of published studies on dengue vaccine evaluations using the NHP model, and discuss critical parameters affecting the usefulness of the model. In the light of recent clinical data, we assess the ability of the NHP model to predict immunological parameters of vaccine performances in humans and discuss parameters that should be further examined as potential correlates of protection. Finally, we propose some guidelines toward a more standardized use of the model to maximize its usefulness and to better compare the performance of vaccine candidates from different research groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos A Sariol
- Department of Microbiology and Medical Zoology, Caribbean Primate Research Center, University of Puerto Rico-Medical Sciences Campus , San Juan, PR , USA ; Department of Internal Medicine, Caribbean Primate Research Center, University of Puerto Rico-Medical Sciences Campus , San Juan, PR , USA
| | - Laura J White
- Global Vaccine Incorporation , Research Triangle Park, NC , USA
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12
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A chimeric dengue virus vaccine using Japanese encephalitis virus vaccine strain SA14-14-2 as backbone is immunogenic and protective against either parental virus in mice and nonhuman primates. J Virol 2013; 87:13694-705. [PMID: 24109223 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00931-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of a safe and efficient dengue vaccine represents a global challenge in public health. Chimeric dengue viruses (DENV) based on an attenuated flavivirus have been well developed as vaccine candidates by using reverse genetics. In this study, based on the full-length infectious cDNA clone of the well-known Japanese encephalitis virus live vaccine strain SA14-14-2 as a backbone, a novel chimeric dengue virus (named ChinDENV) was rationally designed and constructed by replacement with the premembrane and envelope genes of dengue 2 virus. The recovered chimeric virus showed growth and plaque properties similar to those of the parental DENV in mammalian and mosquito cells. ChinDENV was highly attenuated in mice, and no viremia was induced in rhesus monkeys upon subcutaneous inoculation. ChinDENV retained its genetic stability and attenuation phenotype after serial 15 passages in cultured cells. A single immunization with various doses of ChinDENV elicited strong neutralizing antibodies in a dose-dependent manner. When vaccinated monkeys were challenged with wild-type DENV, all animals except one that received the lower dose were protected against the development of viremia. Furthermore, immunization with ChinDENV conferred efficient cross protection against lethal JEV challenge in mice in association with robust cellular immunity induced by the replicating nonstructural proteins. Taken together, the results of this preclinical study well demonstrate the great potential of ChinDENV for further development as a dengue vaccine candidate, and this kind of chimeric flavivirus based on JE vaccine virus represents a powerful tool to deliver foreign antigens.
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13
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Zidane N, Dussart P, Bremand L, Bedouelle H. Cross-reactivities between human IgMs and the four serotypes of dengue virus as probed with artificial homodimers of domain-III from the envelope proteins. BMC Infect Dis 2013; 13:302. [PMID: 23815496 PMCID: PMC3701519 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2334-13-302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2013] [Accepted: 06/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dengue fever is the most important vector-borne viral disease. Four serotypes of dengue virus, DENV1 to DENV4, coexist. Infection by one serotype elicits long-lasting immunity to that serotype but not the other three. Subsequent infection by a different serotype is a risk factor for severe dengue. Domain III (ED3) of the viral envelope protein interacts with cell receptors and contains epitopes recognized by neutralizing antibodies. We determined the serotype specificity and cross-reactivity of human IgMs directed against ED3 by using a well-characterized collection of 90 DENV-infected and 89 DENV-uninfected human serums. Methods The recognitions between the four serotypes of ED3 and the serums were assayed with an IgM antibody-capture ELISA (MAC-ELISA) and artificial homodimeric antigens. The results were analyzed with Receiving Operator Characteristic (ROC) curves. Results The DENV-infected serums contained IgMs that reacted with one or several ED3 serotypes. The discrimination by ED3 between serums infected by the homotypic DENV and uninfected serums varied with the serotype in the decreasing order DENV1 > DENV2 > DENV3 > DENV4. The ED3 domain of DENV1 gave the highest discrimination between DENV-infected and DENV-uninfected serums, whatever the infecting serotype, and thus behaved like a universal ED3 domain for the detection of IgMs against DENV. Some ED3 serotypes discriminated between IgMs directed against the homotypic and heterotypic DENVs. The patterns of cross-reactivities and discriminations varied with the serotype. Conclusions The results should help better understand the IgM immune response and protection against DENV since ED3 is widely used as an antigen in diagnostic assays and an immunogen in vaccine candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora Zidane
- Unit of Molecular Prevention and Therapy of Human Diseases, Department of Infection and Epidemiology, Institut Pasteur, Rue du Docteur Roux, F-75015 Paris, France
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14
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Smith KM, Nanda K, McCarl V, Spears CJ, Piper A, Ribeiro M, Quiles M, Briggs CM, Thomas GS, Thomas ME, Brown DT, Hernandez R. Testing of novel dengue virus 2 vaccines in African green monkeys: safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2012; 87:743-753. [PMID: 22890035 PMCID: PMC3516330 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.2012.12-0004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The immunogenicity and safety of three novel host-range vaccines containing deletions in the transmembrane domain of dengue virus serotype 2 (DV2) E glycoprotein were evaluated in African green monkeys. The shorter transmembrane domains are capable of functionally spanning an insect but not a mammalian cell membrane, resulting in production of viral mutants that have reduced infectivity in mammalian hosts but efficient growth in insect cells. Groups of four monkeys received one dose each of test vaccine candidate with no booster immunization. After immunization, levels of viremia produced by each vaccine were determined by infectious center assay. Vaccine recipient immune response to wild-type DV2 challenge was measured on Day 57 by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and plaque reduction neutralization test. Two vaccines, DV2ΔGVII and DV2G460P, generated neutralizing antibody in the range of 700–900 50% plaque reduction neutralization test units. All three vaccine strains decreased the length of viremia by at least two days. No safety concerns were identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine M. Smith
- *Address correspondence to Katherine M. Smith, Arbovax Inc., 617 Hutton Street, Suite 101, Raleigh, NC 27606. E-mail:
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15
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Midgley CM, Flanagan A, Tran HB, Dejnirattisai W, Chawansuntati K, Jumnainsong A, Wongwiwat W, Duangchinda T, Mongkolsapaya J, Grimes JM, Screaton GR. Structural analysis of a dengue cross-reactive antibody complexed with envelope domain III reveals the molecular basis of cross-reactivity. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2012; 188:4971-9. [PMID: 22491255 PMCID: PMC3364712 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1200227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Dengue virus infections are still increasing at an alarming rate in tropical and subtropical countries, underlying the need for a dengue vaccine. Although it is relatively easy to generate Ab responses to dengue virus, low avidity or low concentrations of Ab may enhance infection of FcR-bearing cells with clinical impact, posing a challenge to vaccine production. In this article, we report the characterization of a mAb, 2H12, which is cross-reactive to all four serotypes in the dengue virus group. Crystal structures of 2H12-Fab in complex with domain III of the envelope protein from three dengue serotypes have been determined. 2H12 binds to the highly conserved AB loop of domain III of the envelope protein that is poorly accessible in the mature virion. 2H12 neutralization varied between dengue serotypes and strains; in particular, dengue serotype 2 was not neutralized. Because the 2H12-binding epitope was conserved, this variation in neutralization highlights differences between dengue serotypes and suggests that significant conformational changes in the virus must take place for Ab binding. Surprisingly, 2H12 facilitated little or no enhancement of infection. These data provide a structural basis for understanding Ab neutralization and enhancement of infection, which is crucial for the development of future dengue vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire M. Midgley
- Department of Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Imperial College London, UK
| | - Aleksandra Flanagan
- Division of Structural Biology and Oxford Protein Production Facility, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Hai Bac Tran
- Department of Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Imperial College London, UK
| | | | | | - Amonrat Jumnainsong
- Department of Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Imperial College London, UK
| | - Wiyada Wongwiwat
- Department of Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Imperial College London, UK
| | - Thaneeya Duangchinda
- Medical Biotechnology Unit, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Juthathip Mongkolsapaya
- Department of Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Imperial College London, UK
- Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever Research Unit, Office for Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Jonathan M. Grimes
- Division of Structural Biology and Oxford Protein Production Facility, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Science Division, Diamond Light Source Ltd., Diamond House, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, UK
| | - Gavin R. Screaton
- Department of Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Imperial College London, UK
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16
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Izquierdo A, Valdés I, Gil L, Hermida L, Gutiérrez S, García A, Bernardo L, Pavón A, Guillén G, Guzmán MG. Serotype specificity of recombinant fusion protein containing domain III and capsid protein of dengue virus 2. Antiviral Res 2012; 95:1-8. [PMID: 22554934 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2012.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2011] [Revised: 03/31/2012] [Accepted: 04/14/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Recombinant fusion protein containing domain III of the dengue envelope protein fused to capsid protein from dengue 2 virus was immunogenic and conferred protection in mice against lethal challenge in previously report. Here, the antigenic specificity of this recombinant protein using anti-dengue antibodies from mice and humans and the cross-reactive humoral and cellular response induced in immunized mice were evaluated. The homologous anti-dengue antibodies showed a higher reactivity to the recombinant protein compared to the wide cross-reactivity observed for viral antigen as determined by ELISA. The IgG anti-dengue and functional antibodies, induced by the recombinant proteins in mice, were highly serotype specific by ELISA, hemaglutination inhibition and plaque reduction neutralizing tests. Accordingly, the cellular immune response determined by the IFNγ and TNFα secretion, was serotype specific. The specificity of serotype associated to this recombinant protein in addition to its high antigenicity, immunogenicity and protecting capacity suggest its advantage as a possible functional and safe vaccine candidate against dengue in a future tetravalent formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alienys Izquierdo
- PAHO/WHO Collaborating Center for the Study of Dengue and its Vector, Department of Virology, Tropical Medicine Institute "Pedro Kourí"-IPK, Autopista Novia del Mediodía Km 6½, P.O. Box 601, Marianao 13, Havana, Cuba
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17
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Chiang CY, Liu SJ, Tsai JP, Li YS, Chen MY, Liu HH, Chong P, Leng CH, Chen HW. A novel single-dose dengue subunit vaccine induces memory immune responses. PLoS One 2011; 6:e23319. [PMID: 21826249 PMCID: PMC3149651 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0023319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2011] [Accepted: 07/15/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
To protect against dengue viral infection, a novel lipidated dengue subunit vaccine was rationally designed to contain the consensus amino acid sequences derived from four serotypes of dengue viruses. We found that the lipidated consensus dengue virus envelope protein domain III (LcED III) is capable of activating antigen-presenting cells and enhancing cellular and humoral immune responses. A single-dose of LcED III immunization in mice without extra adjuvant formulation is sufficient to elicit neutralizing antibodies against all four serotypes of dengue viruses. In addition, strong memory responses were elicited in mice immunized with a single-dose of LcED III. Quick, anamnestic neutralizing antibody responses to a live dengue virus challenge were elicited at week 28 post-immunization. These results demonstrate the promising possibility of a future successful tetravalent vaccine against dengue viral infections that utilizes one-dose vaccination with LcED III.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Yi Chiang
- Vaccine Research and Development Center, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Jen Liu
- Vaccine Research and Development Center, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Immunology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jy-Ping Tsai
- Vaccine Research and Development Center, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Shiuan Li
- Vaccine Research and Development Center, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Yu Chen
- Vaccine Research and Development Center, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Hsueh-Hung Liu
- Vaccine Research and Development Center, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Pele Chong
- Vaccine Research and Development Center, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Immunology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsiang Leng
- Vaccine Research and Development Center, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Immunology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (H-WC); (C-HL)
| | - Hsin-Wei Chen
- Vaccine Research and Development Center, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Immunology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (H-WC); (C-HL)
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18
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Zlatkovic J, Stiasny K, Heinz FX. Immunodominance and functional activities of antibody responses to inactivated West Nile virus and recombinant subunit vaccines in mice. J Virol 2011; 85:1994-2003. [PMID: 21147919 PMCID: PMC3067796 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01886-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2010] [Accepted: 12/01/2010] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Factors controlling the dominance of antibody responses to specific sites in viruses and/or protein antigens are ill defined but can be of great importance for the induction of potent immune responses to vaccines. West Nile virus and other related important human-pathogenic flaviviruses display the major target of neutralizing antibodies, the E protein, in an icosahedral shell at the virion surface. Potent neutralizing antibodies were shown to react with the upper surface of domain III (DIII) of this protein. Using the West Nile virus system, we conducted a study on the immunodominance and functional quality of E-specific antibody responses after immunization of mice with soluble protein E (sE) and isolated DIII in comparison to those after immunization with inactivated whole virions. With both virion and sE, the neutralizing response was dominated by DIII-specific antibodies, but the functionality of these antibodies was almost four times higher after virion immunization. Antibodies induced by the isolated DIII had an at least 15-fold lower specific neutralizing activity than those induced by the virion, and only 50% of these antibodies were able to bind to virus particles. Our results suggest that immunization with the tightly packed E in virions focuses the DIII antibody response to the externally exposed sites of this domain which are the primary targets for virus neutralization, different from sE and isolated DIII, which also display protein surfaces that are cryptic in the virion. Despite its low potency for priming, DIII was an excellent boosting antigen, suggesting novel vaccination strategies that strengthen and focus the antibody response to critical neutralizing sites in DIII.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juergen Zlatkovic
- Department of Virology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna A-1095, Austria
| | - Karin Stiasny
- Department of Virology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna A-1095, Austria
| | - Franz X. Heinz
- Department of Virology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna A-1095, Austria
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19
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Midgley CM, Bajwa-Joseph M, Vasanawathana S, Limpitikul W, Wills B, Flanagan A, Waiyaiya E, Tran HB, Cowper AE, Chotiyarnwon P, Grimes JM, Yoksan S, Malasit P, Simmons CP, Mongkolsapaya J, Screaton GR. An in-depth analysis of original antigenic sin in dengue virus infection. J Virol 2011; 85:410-21. [PMID: 20980526 PMCID: PMC3014204 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01826-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2010] [Accepted: 10/14/2010] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The evolution of dengue viruses has resulted in four antigenically similar yet distinct serotypes. Infection with one serotype likely elicits lifelong immunity to that serotype, but generally not against the other three. Secondary or sequential infections are common, as multiple viral serotypes frequently cocirculate. Dengue infection, although frequently mild, can lead to dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) which can be life threatening. DHF is more common in secondary dengue infections, implying a role for the adaptive immune response in the disease. There is currently much effort toward the design and implementation of a dengue vaccine but these efforts are made more difficult by the challenge of inducing durable neutralizing immunity to all four viruses. Domain 3 of the dengue virus envelope protein (ED3) has been suggested as one such candidate because it contains neutralizing epitopes and it was originally thought that relatively few cross-reactive antibodies are directed to this domain. In this study, we performed a detailed analysis of the anti-ED3 response in a cohort of patients suffering either primary or secondary dengue infections. The results show dramatic evidence of original antigenic sin in secondary infections both in terms of binding and enhancement activity. This has important implications for dengue vaccine design because heterologous boosting is likely to maintain the immunological footprint of the first vaccination. On the basis of these findings, we propose a simple in vitro enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to diagnose the original dengue infection in secondary dengue cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire M. Midgley
- Department of Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom, Paediatric Department, Khon Kaen Hospital, Ministry of Public Health, Khon Kaen, Thailand, Paediatric Department, Songkhla Hospital, Ministry of Public Health, Songkhla, Thailand, Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Program, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam, Division of Structural Biology and Oxford Protein Production Facility, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom, Center for Vaccine Development, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand, Medical Molecular Biology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand, Medical Biotechnology Unit, National Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Martha Bajwa-Joseph
- Department of Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom, Paediatric Department, Khon Kaen Hospital, Ministry of Public Health, Khon Kaen, Thailand, Paediatric Department, Songkhla Hospital, Ministry of Public Health, Songkhla, Thailand, Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Program, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam, Division of Structural Biology and Oxford Protein Production Facility, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom, Center for Vaccine Development, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand, Medical Molecular Biology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand, Medical Biotechnology Unit, National Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Sirijitt Vasanawathana
- Department of Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom, Paediatric Department, Khon Kaen Hospital, Ministry of Public Health, Khon Kaen, Thailand, Paediatric Department, Songkhla Hospital, Ministry of Public Health, Songkhla, Thailand, Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Program, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam, Division of Structural Biology and Oxford Protein Production Facility, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom, Center for Vaccine Development, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand, Medical Molecular Biology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand, Medical Biotechnology Unit, National Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Wannee Limpitikul
- Department of Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom, Paediatric Department, Khon Kaen Hospital, Ministry of Public Health, Khon Kaen, Thailand, Paediatric Department, Songkhla Hospital, Ministry of Public Health, Songkhla, Thailand, Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Program, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam, Division of Structural Biology and Oxford Protein Production Facility, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom, Center for Vaccine Development, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand, Medical Molecular Biology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand, Medical Biotechnology Unit, National Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Bridget Wills
- Department of Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom, Paediatric Department, Khon Kaen Hospital, Ministry of Public Health, Khon Kaen, Thailand, Paediatric Department, Songkhla Hospital, Ministry of Public Health, Songkhla, Thailand, Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Program, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam, Division of Structural Biology and Oxford Protein Production Facility, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom, Center for Vaccine Development, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand, Medical Molecular Biology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand, Medical Biotechnology Unit, National Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Aleksandra Flanagan
- Department of Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom, Paediatric Department, Khon Kaen Hospital, Ministry of Public Health, Khon Kaen, Thailand, Paediatric Department, Songkhla Hospital, Ministry of Public Health, Songkhla, Thailand, Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Program, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam, Division of Structural Biology and Oxford Protein Production Facility, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom, Center for Vaccine Development, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand, Medical Molecular Biology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand, Medical Biotechnology Unit, National Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Emily Waiyaiya
- Department of Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom, Paediatric Department, Khon Kaen Hospital, Ministry of Public Health, Khon Kaen, Thailand, Paediatric Department, Songkhla Hospital, Ministry of Public Health, Songkhla, Thailand, Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Program, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam, Division of Structural Biology and Oxford Protein Production Facility, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom, Center for Vaccine Development, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand, Medical Molecular Biology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand, Medical Biotechnology Unit, National Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Hai Bac Tran
- Department of Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom, Paediatric Department, Khon Kaen Hospital, Ministry of Public Health, Khon Kaen, Thailand, Paediatric Department, Songkhla Hospital, Ministry of Public Health, Songkhla, Thailand, Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Program, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam, Division of Structural Biology and Oxford Protein Production Facility, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom, Center for Vaccine Development, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand, Medical Molecular Biology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand, Medical Biotechnology Unit, National Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Alison E. Cowper
- Department of Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom, Paediatric Department, Khon Kaen Hospital, Ministry of Public Health, Khon Kaen, Thailand, Paediatric Department, Songkhla Hospital, Ministry of Public Health, Songkhla, Thailand, Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Program, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam, Division of Structural Biology and Oxford Protein Production Facility, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom, Center for Vaccine Development, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand, Medical Molecular Biology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand, Medical Biotechnology Unit, National Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Pojchong Chotiyarnwon
- Department of Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom, Paediatric Department, Khon Kaen Hospital, Ministry of Public Health, Khon Kaen, Thailand, Paediatric Department, Songkhla Hospital, Ministry of Public Health, Songkhla, Thailand, Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Program, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam, Division of Structural Biology and Oxford Protein Production Facility, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom, Center for Vaccine Development, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand, Medical Molecular Biology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand, Medical Biotechnology Unit, National Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Jonathan M. Grimes
- Department of Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom, Paediatric Department, Khon Kaen Hospital, Ministry of Public Health, Khon Kaen, Thailand, Paediatric Department, Songkhla Hospital, Ministry of Public Health, Songkhla, Thailand, Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Program, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam, Division of Structural Biology and Oxford Protein Production Facility, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom, Center for Vaccine Development, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand, Medical Molecular Biology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand, Medical Biotechnology Unit, National Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Sutee Yoksan
- Department of Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom, Paediatric Department, Khon Kaen Hospital, Ministry of Public Health, Khon Kaen, Thailand, Paediatric Department, Songkhla Hospital, Ministry of Public Health, Songkhla, Thailand, Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Program, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam, Division of Structural Biology and Oxford Protein Production Facility, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom, Center for Vaccine Development, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand, Medical Molecular Biology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand, Medical Biotechnology Unit, National Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Prida Malasit
- Department of Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom, Paediatric Department, Khon Kaen Hospital, Ministry of Public Health, Khon Kaen, Thailand, Paediatric Department, Songkhla Hospital, Ministry of Public Health, Songkhla, Thailand, Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Program, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam, Division of Structural Biology and Oxford Protein Production Facility, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom, Center for Vaccine Development, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand, Medical Molecular Biology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand, Medical Biotechnology Unit, National Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Cameron P. Simmons
- Department of Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom, Paediatric Department, Khon Kaen Hospital, Ministry of Public Health, Khon Kaen, Thailand, Paediatric Department, Songkhla Hospital, Ministry of Public Health, Songkhla, Thailand, Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Program, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam, Division of Structural Biology and Oxford Protein Production Facility, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom, Center for Vaccine Development, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand, Medical Molecular Biology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand, Medical Biotechnology Unit, National Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Juthathip Mongkolsapaya
- Department of Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom, Paediatric Department, Khon Kaen Hospital, Ministry of Public Health, Khon Kaen, Thailand, Paediatric Department, Songkhla Hospital, Ministry of Public Health, Songkhla, Thailand, Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Program, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam, Division of Structural Biology and Oxford Protein Production Facility, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom, Center for Vaccine Development, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand, Medical Molecular Biology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand, Medical Biotechnology Unit, National Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Gavin R. Screaton
- Department of Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom, Paediatric Department, Khon Kaen Hospital, Ministry of Public Health, Khon Kaen, Thailand, Paediatric Department, Songkhla Hospital, Ministry of Public Health, Songkhla, Thailand, Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Program, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam, Division of Structural Biology and Oxford Protein Production Facility, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom, Center for Vaccine Development, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand, Medical Molecular Biology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand, Medical Biotechnology Unit, National Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathumthani, Thailand
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Valdés I, Hermida L, Gil L, Lazo L, Castro J, Martín J, Bernardo L, López C, Niebla O, Menéndez T, Romero Y, Sánchez J, Guzmán MG, Guillén G. Heterologous prime-boost strategy in non-human primates combining the infective dengue virus and a recombinant protein in a formulation suitable for human use. Int J Infect Dis 2010; 14:e377-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2009.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2009] [Revised: 05/12/2009] [Accepted: 06/11/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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Guzman MG, Hermida L, Bernardo L, Ramirez R, Guillén G. Domain III of the envelope protein as a dengue vaccine target. Expert Rev Vaccines 2010; 9:137-47. [PMID: 20109025 DOI: 10.1586/erv.09.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A dengue vaccine should induce long-lasting, simultaneous protection to the four dengue viruses while avoiding the immune enhancement of viral infection. Domain III of the dengue envelope protein has been implicated in receptor binding, and is also the target of specific neutralizing antibodies. Domain III has emerged as a promising region for a subunit vaccine candidate. Here, we review the current state of knowledge on vaccine candidates based on domain III. Due to the results obtained concerning the immune response and protection in mice and monkeys, particular attention is paid to the chimeric protein domain III fused to p64k of Neisseria meningitidis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria G Guzman
- Department of Virology, PAHO/WHO Collaborating Center for the Study of Dengue and its Vector, Pedro Kouri Tropical Medicine Institute, Autopista Novia del Mediodía, Km 6, Apdo 601, Marianao 13, Havana, Cuba.
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Wahala WMPB, Donaldson EF, de Alwis R, Accavitti-Loper MA, Baric RS, de Silva AM. Natural strain variation and antibody neutralization of dengue serotype 3 viruses. PLoS Pathog 2010; 6:e1000821. [PMID: 20333252 PMCID: PMC2841629 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1000821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2009] [Accepted: 02/09/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue viruses (DENVs) are emerging, mosquito-borne flaviviruses which cause dengue fever and dengue hemorrhagic fever. The DENV complex consists of 4 serotypes designated DENV1-DENV4. Following natural infection with DENV, individuals develop serotype specific, neutralizing antibody responses. Monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) have been used to map neutralizing epitopes on dengue and other flaviviruses. Most serotype-specific, neutralizing MAbs bind to the lateral ridge of domain III of E protein (EDIII). It has been widely assumed that the EDIII lateral ridge epitope is conserved within each DENV serotype and a good target for vaccines. Using phylogenetic methods, we compared the amino acid sequence of 175 E proteins representing the different genotypes of DENV3 and identified a panel of surface exposed amino acids, including residues in EDIII, that are highly variant across the four DENV3 genotypes. The variable amino acids include six residues at the lateral ridge of EDIII. We used a panel of DENV3 mouse MAbs to assess the functional significance of naturally occurring amino acid variation. From the panel of antibodies, we identified three neutralizing MAbs that bound to EDIII of DENV3. Recombinant proteins and naturally occurring variant viruses were used to map the binding sites of the three MAbs. The three MAbs bound to overlapping but distinct epitopes on EDIII. Our empirical studies clearly demonstrate that the antibody binding and neutralization capacity of two MAbs was strongly influenced by naturally occurring mutations in DENV3. Our data demonstrate that the lateral ridge “type specific” epitope is not conserved between strains of DENV3. This variability should be considered when designing and evaluating DENV vaccines, especially those targeting EDIII. Dengue viruses are mosquito-borne flaviviruses and the agents of dengue fever and dengue hemorrhagic fever. It has been widely assumed that antibodies that neutralize dengue bind to regions on the viral envelope (E) protein that are conserved within each serotype. However, few studies have explored how natural variation influences dengue-antibody interactions. Mouse antibodies that strongly neutralize dengue bind to a region on domain III of E protein. This region has been the focus of much recent work because it might be the target of protective human antibodies as well. We compared a large number of E protein sequences and discovered that the region on E protein domain III targeted by neutralizing antibodies was highly variable between strains of dengue serotype 3. Using a panel of antibodies, we experimentally demonstrate that natural strain variation in dengue serotype 3 has a strong influence on antibody binding and neutralization. Our results challenge the dogma that neutralizing antibody binding regions are conserved within each serotype. The results of this study are relevant to the current global effort to develop and evaluate dengue vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wahala M. P. B. Wahala
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Eric F. Donaldson
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Ruklanthi de Alwis
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Mary Ann Accavitti-Loper
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Ralph S. Baric
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Aravinda M. de Silva
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Thomas SJ, Hombach J, Barrett A. Scientific consultation on cell mediated immunity (CMI) in dengue and dengue vaccine development. Vaccine 2008; 27:355-68. [PMID: 19022321 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2008.10.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2008] [Revised: 10/22/2008] [Accepted: 10/24/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Dengue is a re-emerging arboviral disease of great public health importance. Limited understanding of protective immune responses against dengue has hampered advancement of dengue vaccine candidates. Demonstrating an immunological correlate of protection has been limited to associating quantitative neutralizing antibody titers with clinical outcomes following infection. There have been a number of studies investigating the role of cell mediated immunity (CMI) in natural infections and these have demonstrated roles in both virus clearance and potentiating disease. Vaccine developers have extended the exploratory study of CMI in natural infection to the study of dengue vaccine recipients. Primary infections and monovalent vaccine administration generates dengue type-specific T-cell responses. Secondary infection, vaccination of flavivirus primed individuals, or administration of multivalent vaccine candidates results in broad, cross-reactive T-cell responses, similar to the broadening of antibody patterns. However, the precise function of CMI in protection or disease pathology remains ill-defined and, at present, there is no evidence to suggest that CMI can be utilized as a correlate of protection. Nonetheless, the study of CMI in natural infection and following vaccine administration should continue in an attempt to improve the understanding of dengue immunopathology, vaccine candidate immunogenicity, and potential correlates of protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J Thomas
- Department of Virology, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, 315/6 Rajvithi Road, Bangkok 10400, Thailand.
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Primary and secondary infections of Macaca fascicularis monkeys with Asian and American genotypes of dengue virus 2. CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY : CVI 2007; 15:439-46. [PMID: 18094112 DOI: 10.1128/cvi.00208-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The goal of this study was to compare the immune response and the protection capacity induced by the dengue virus 2 (DENV-2) American and Asian genotypes in Macaca fascicularis monkeys. Animals were infected with American or Asian DENV-2 strains and challenged 1 year later with a DENV-2 Asian genotype strain. The viremia and monkey antibody levels were similar for the different strains after primary and secondary infection; however, the functionality of the antibody response was different. A limited viral replication was demonstrated after the secondary infection in all the monkeys. No virus was isolated in tissue culture, while reverse transcription-PCR showed a late positive reaction in four of five challenged monkeys. The immunoglobulin M response pattern and the detection of antibodies to specific proteins by Western blotting supported the protection data. Despite the demonstration of the protective effect after homologous challenge, a strong anamnestic antibody response was observed.
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