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Qiao N, Jiang M, Chen Y, Wang X, Chi W, Li S, Zhu X, Sun X. A Sequencing-Based Phylogenetic Analysis of Various Strains of Watermelon Silver Mottle Virus in Northern China and Their One-Step Detection Using Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification. PLANT DISEASE 2024; 108:1769-1775. [PMID: 38240655 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-09-23-1952-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Watermelon silver mottle virus (WSMoV), a potentially invasive virus, is known to reduce the yield and degrade the quality of infected crops in Cucurbitaceae and Solanaceae families, resulting in significant economic losses in limited areas of several Asian countries. WSMoV, previously detected on various crops in southern China, has now become more prevalent on watermelon and sweet pepper in the northern cities of China for the first time. A sequencing-based phylogenetic analysis has confirmed that the viral strains infecting cucumber, watermelon, and sweet pepper plants in Shandong Province are most closely related to those isolated from Guangdong, Guangxi, and Taiwan, suggesting a farther and continuous spread of WSMoV throughout China. To develop a fast, accurate, and practical protocol for WSMoV detection, we designed a set of primers from the conserved sequence of the WSMoV nucleocapsid protein (N) gene for a one-step assay based on reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP). The RT-LAMP assay was performed successfully for 50 min at 61°C and exhibited a highly specific result without cross-reactions with other similar viruses and a sensitivity that is 100-fold higher than that of the traditional RT-PCR. The confirmation of 26 WSMoV suspect samples collected from various regions in Shandong through the RT-LAMP testing has demonstrated that the assay is suitable and practical for detection of WSMoV in both laboratory and field settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Qiao
- Facility Horticulture Laboratory of Universities in Shandong, Weifang University of Science and Technology, Shouguang, Shandong, China
| | - Miao Jiang
- Facility Horticulture Laboratory of Universities in Shandong, Weifang University of Science and Technology, Shouguang, Shandong, China
| | - Yuxing Chen
- Facility Horticulture Laboratory of Universities in Shandong, Weifang University of Science and Technology, Shouguang, Shandong, China
| | - Xingcui Wang
- Facility Horticulture Laboratory of Universities in Shandong, Weifang University of Science and Technology, Shouguang, Shandong, China
| | - Wenjuan Chi
- Facility Horticulture Laboratory of Universities in Shandong, Weifang University of Science and Technology, Shouguang, Shandong, China
| | - Shoujie Li
- Facility Horticulture Laboratory of Universities in Shandong, Weifang University of Science and Technology, Shouguang, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaoping Zhu
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaoan Sun
- Facility Horticulture Laboratory of Universities in Shandong, Weifang University of Science and Technology, Shouguang, Shandong, China
- Division of Plant Industry, Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, Gainesville, FL, U.S.A. (Retired)
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Kang YC, Yeh SD, Chen TC. Leucine 127 of Cucurbit Chlorotic Yellows Virus P22 Is Crucial for Its RNA Silencing Suppression Activity and Pathogenicity. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2024; 114:813-822. [PMID: 37913633 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-07-23-0227-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Plant viruses produce particular suppressors to antagonize the host defense response of RNA silencing to establish infection. Cucurbit chlorotic yellows virus (CCYV), a member of the genus Crinivirus of the family Closteroviridae, severely damages the production of economically essential cucurbits worldwide. Here, we used the attenuated zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV) vector ZAC to express individual coding sequences, including CP, CPm, P25, and P22, of a Taiwan CCYV isolate (CCYV-TW) to identify their possible roles as pathogenicity determinants. ZAC is an HC-Pro function mutant that lacks the ability of local lesion induction on Chenopodium quinoa leaves and induces mild mottling followed by recovery on its natural host zucchini squash plants. Only the recombinant expressing CCYV-TW P22 complemented the effect of ZAC HC-Pro dysfunction, causing more severe symptoms on zucchini squash plants and restoring lesion formation on C. quinoa leaves, with lesions forming faster than those generated by the wild-type ZYMV. This suggests that CCYV-TW P22 is a virulence enhancer. Sequence analysis of criniviral P22s revealed the presence of four conserved leucine residues (L10, L17, L84, and L127) and one conserved lysine residue (K185). The five P22 residues conserved among the CCYV isolates and the P22 orthologs of two other criniviruses were each substituted with alanine in CCYV-TW P22 to investigate its ability to suppress RNA silencing and pathogenicity. The results provide new insights into CCYV-P22, showing that the L127 residue of P22 is indispensable for maintaining its stability in RNA silencing suppression and essential for virulence enhancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Chi Kang
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Asia University, Wufeng, Taichung 41354, Taiwan
- Department of Plant Pathology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
| | - Shyi-Dong Yeh
- Department of Plant Pathology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
- Advanced Plant Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Chi Chen
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Asia University, Wufeng, Taichung 41354, Taiwan
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Dong ZX, Lin CC, Chen YK, Chou CC, Chen TC. Identification of an emerging cucumber virus in Taiwan using Oxford nanopore sequencing technology. PLANT METHODS 2022; 18:143. [PMID: 36550551 PMCID: PMC9773502 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-022-00976-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In June 2020, severe symptoms of leaf mosaic and fruit malformation were observed on greenhouse-grown cucumber plants in Xizhou Township of Changhua County, Taiwan. An unknown virus, designated CX-2, was isolated from a diseased cucumber sample by single lesion isolation on Chenopodium quinoa leaves. Identification of CX-2 was performed. Moreover, the incidence of cucumber viruses in Taiwan was also investigated. METHODS Transmission electron microscopy was performed to examine virion morphology. The portable MinION sequencer released by Oxford Nanopore Technologies was used to detect viral sequences in dsRNA of CX-2-infected leaf tissue. The whole genome sequence of CX-2 was completed by Sanger sequencing and analyzed. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) with species-specific primers and indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with anti-coat protein antisera were developed for virus detection in the field [see Additional file 1]. RESULTS Icosahedral particles about 30 nm in diameter were observed in the crud leaf sap of CX-2-infected C. quinoa plant. The complete genome sequence of CX-2 was determined as 4577 nt long and shared 97.0-97.2% of nucleotide identity with that of two cucumber Bulgarian latent virus (CBLV) isolates in Iran and Bulgaria. Therefore, CX-2 was renamed CBLV-TW. In 2020-2022 field surveys, melon yellow spot virus (MYSV) had the highest detection rate of 74.7%, followed by cucurbit chlorotic yellows virus (CCYV) (32.0%), papaya ringspot virus virus watermelon type (PRSV-W) (10.7%), squash leaf curl Philippines virus (SLCuPV) (9.3%), CBLV (8.0%) and watermelon silver mottle virus (WSMoV) (4.0%). Co-infection of CBLV and MYSV could be detected in field cucumbers. CONCLUSION The emerging CBLV-TW was identified by nanopore sequencing. Whole genome sequence analysis revealed that CBLV-TW is closely related, but phylogenetically distinct, to two known CBLV isolates in Bulgaria and Iran. Detection methods including RT-PCR and indirect ELISA have been developed to detect CBLV and to investigate cucumber viruses in central Taiwan. The 2020-2022 field survey results showed that MYSV and CCYV were the main threats to cucumbers, with CBLV, SLCuPV and WSMoV were occasionally occurring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Xuan Dong
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Asia University, Wufeng, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chian-Chi Lin
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Asia University, Wufeng, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yuh-Kun Chen
- Department of Plant Pathology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Cheng Chou
- National Laboratory Animal Center, National Applied Research Laboratories, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Chi Chen
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Asia University, Wufeng, Taichung, Taiwan.
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Cheng HW, Tsai WT, Hsieh YY, Chen KC, Yeh SD. Identification of a Common Epitope in Nucleocapsid Proteins of Euro-America Orthotospoviruses and Its Application for Tagging Proteins. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168583. [PMID: 34445289 PMCID: PMC8395252 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The NSs protein and the nucleocapsid protein (NP) of orthotospoviruses are the major targets for serological detection and diagnosis. A common epitope of KFTMHNQIF in the NSs proteins of Asia orthotospoviruses has been applied as an epitope tag (nss-tag) for monitoring recombinant proteins. In this study, a monoclonal antibody TNP MAb against the tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) NP that reacts with TSWV-serogroup members of Euro-America orthotospoviruses was produced. By truncation and deletion analyses of TSWV NP, the common epitope of KGKEYA was identified and designated as the np sequence. The np sequence was successfully utilized as an epitope tag (np-tag) to monitor various proteins, including the green fluorescence protein, the coat protein of the zucchini yellow mosaic virus, and the dust mite chimeric allergen Dp25, in a bacterial expression system. The np-tag was also applied to investigate the protein-protein interaction in immunoprecipitation. In addition, when the np-tag and the nss-tag were simultaneously attached at different termini of the expressed recombinant proteins, they reacted with the corresponding MAbs with high sensitivity. Here, we demonstrated that the np sequence and TNP MAb can be effectively applied for tagging and detecting proteins and can be coupled with the nss-tag to form a novel epitope-tagging system for investigating protein-protein interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Wen Cheng
- Department of Plant Pathology, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan; (H.-W.C.); (W.-T.T.); (Y.-Y.H.); (K.-C.C.)
- Advanced Plant Biotechnology Center, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Ting Tsai
- Department of Plant Pathology, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan; (H.-W.C.); (W.-T.T.); (Y.-Y.H.); (K.-C.C.)
| | - Yi-Ying Hsieh
- Department of Plant Pathology, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan; (H.-W.C.); (W.-T.T.); (Y.-Y.H.); (K.-C.C.)
| | - Kuan-Chun Chen
- Department of Plant Pathology, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan; (H.-W.C.); (W.-T.T.); (Y.-Y.H.); (K.-C.C.)
| | - Shyi-Dong Yeh
- Department of Plant Pathology, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan; (H.-W.C.); (W.-T.T.); (Y.-Y.H.); (K.-C.C.)
- Advanced Plant Biotechnology Center, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-4-22877021; Fax: +886-4-22852501
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Zhang Z, Zheng K, Zhao L, Su X, Zheng X, Wang T. Occurrence, Distribution, Evolutionary Relationships, Epidemiology, and Management of Orthotospoviruses in China. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:686025. [PMID: 34421843 PMCID: PMC8371445 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.686025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Orthotospoviruses are responsible for serious crop losses worldwide. Orthotospoviral diseases have spread rapidly in China over the past 10 years and are now found in 19 provinces. Currently, 17 Orthotospovirus species have been reported in China, including eight newly identified species from this genus. The number of new highly pathogenic Orthotospovirus strains or species has increased, likely because of the virus species diversity, the wide range of available hosts, adaptation of the viruses to different climates, and multiple transmission routes. This review describes the distribution of Orthotospovirus species, host plants, typical symptoms of infection under natural conditions, the systemic infection of host plants, spatial clustering characteristics of virus particles in host cells, and the orthotospoviral infection cycle in the field. The evolutionary relationships of orthotospoviruses isolated from China and epidemiology are also discussed. In order to effectively manage orthotospoviral disease, future research needs to focus on deciphering the underlying mechanisms of systemic infection, studying complex/mixed infections involving the same or different Orthotospovirus species or other viruses, elucidating orthotospovirus adaptative mechanisms to multiple climate types, breeding virus-resistant plants, identifying new strains and species, developing early monitoring and early warning systems for plant infection, and studying infection transmission routes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongkai Zhang
- Key Lab of Agricultural Biotechnology of Yunnan Province, Biotechnology and Germplasm Resources Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, China
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Zheng K, Chen TC, Wu K, Kang YC, Yeh SD, Zhang Z, Dong J. Characterization of a New Orthotospovirus from Chilli Pepper in Yunnan Province, China. PLANT DISEASE 2020; 104:1175-1182. [PMID: 32065571 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-09-19-1925-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Chilli pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) is one of the most important crops in Yunnan Province, China. An orthotospovirus isolate 14YV855 was isolated from a diseased chilli pepper plant exhibiting yellow ringspots and necrosis on leaves in Shiping County, Honghe Hani and Yi Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Province in 2014. The complete genome sequence of 14YV855 was determined. The small, medium, and large RNAs are 3,428, 4,781, and 8,917 nucleotides long, respectively. The complete nucleocapsid (N) protein of 14YV855 shares a high amino acid identity of 84.8 to 89.9% to that of Capsicum chlorosis virus (CaCV), Groundnut bud necrosis virus (GBNV), Watermelon bud necrosis virus (WBNV), and Watermelon silver mottle virus (WSMoV), which is slightly less than the 90% identity threshold for the demarcation of new Orthotospovirus sp. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that the N protein and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase of 14YV855 are the most related to WSMoV, while the NSs, NSm, and Gn/Gc proteins are similar to those of GBNV. As expected, 14YV855 is serologically related to CaCV, GBNV, WBNV, and WSMoV when the monoclonal antibody against the N protein of WSMoV was used; however, 14YV855 can be distinguished from other orthotospoviruses by reverse-transcription PCR using the specific primers. Our results indicate that 14YV855 is a new Orthotospovirus sp. belonging to the WSMoV serogroup and is provisionally named Chilli yellow ringspot virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuanyu Zheng
- Biotechnology and Germplasm Resources Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Yunnan Provincial Key Lab of Agricultural Biotechnology; Key Lab of Southwestern Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture. 2238# Beijing Rd, Wuhua Prefecture, Kunming 650205, Yunnan, P. R. China
| | - Tsung-Chi Chen
- Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Wufeng, Taichung 41354, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Kuo Wu
- Biotechnology and Germplasm Resources Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Yunnan Provincial Key Lab of Agricultural Biotechnology; Key Lab of Southwestern Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture. 2238# Beijing Rd, Wuhua Prefecture, Kunming 650205, Yunnan, P. R. China
| | - Ya-Chi Kang
- Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Wufeng, Taichung 41354, Taiwan
| | - Shyi-Dong Yeh
- Department of Plant Pathology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Zhongkai Zhang
- Biotechnology and Germplasm Resources Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Yunnan Provincial Key Lab of Agricultural Biotechnology; Key Lab of Southwestern Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture. 2238# Beijing Rd, Wuhua Prefecture, Kunming 650205, Yunnan, P. R. China
| | - Jiahong Dong
- Biotechnology and Germplasm Resources Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Yunnan Provincial Key Lab of Agricultural Biotechnology; Key Lab of Southwestern Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture. 2238# Beijing Rd, Wuhua Prefecture, Kunming 650205, Yunnan, P. R. China
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China
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Bald-Blume N, Bergervoet JHW, Maiss E. Development of a molecular assay for the general detection of tospoviruses and the distinction between tospoviral species. Arch Virol 2017; 162:1519-1528. [PMID: 28190200 PMCID: PMC7086974 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-017-3256-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
A Luminex xTAG-based assay for plant-infecting tospoviruses was developed. The test enables the detection of tospoviruses in general and the differentiation of the four important member species of this genus: Tomato spotted wilt virus, Impatiens necrotic spot virus, the proposed 'Capsicum chlorosis virus' and Watermelon silver mottle virus. The generic tospovirus primers used in this method are also applicable for detection of tospoviruses by basic RT-PCR. We also describe an economic alternative method for the distinction of the four tospoviruses mentioned and of additional member viruses, based on a restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). The sophisticated Luminex xTAG technology allows the simultaneous detection of various targets. This study is part of a project that aims to develop a method for the simultaneous detection of various plant pathogens (viral, bacterial and fungal) in plant material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niklas Bald-Blume
- Section of Phytomedicine, Institute of Horticultural Production Systems, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jan H W Bergervoet
- Plant Sciences Group, Wageningen University and Research Centre, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Edgar Maiss
- Section of Phytomedicine, Institute of Horticultural Production Systems, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Hannover, Germany.
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Characterization of a new isolate of pepper chlorotic spot virus from Yunnan province, China. Arch Virol 2017; 162:2809-2814. [DOI: 10.1007/s00705-017-3402-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Liu LY, Ye HY, Chen TH, Chen TC. Development of a microarray for simultaneous detection and differentiation of different tospoviruses that are serologically related to Tomato spotted wilt virus. Virol J 2017; 14:1. [PMID: 28081705 PMCID: PMC5234141 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-016-0669-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tospoviruses, the plant-infecting genus in the family Bunyaviridae, are thrips borne and cause severe agricultural losses worldwide. Based on the serological relationships of the structural nucleocapsid protein (NP), the current tospoviruses are divided into six serogroups. The use of NP-antisera is convenient for virus detection, but it is insufficient to identify virus species grouped in a serogroup due to the serological cross-reaction. Alternatively, virus species can be identified by the N gene amplification using specific primers. Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) is the type species of the genus Tospovirus and one of the most destructive plant viruses. Eight known tospoviruses, Alstroemeria necrotic streak virus (ANSV), Chrysanthemum stem necrosis virus (CSNV), Groundnut ringspot virus (GRSV), Impatiens necrotic spot virus (INSV), Melon severe mosaic virus (MeSMV), Pepper necrotic spot virus (PNSV), Tomato chlorotic spot virus (TCSV) and Zucchini lethal chlorosis virus (ZLCV), sharing serological relatedness with TSWV in NP, are grouped in the TSWV serogroup. Most of the TSWV-serogroup viruses prevail in Europe and America. An efficient diagnostic method is necessary for inspecting these tospoviruses in Asia, including Taiwan. METHODS A microarray platform was developed for simultaneous detection and identification of TSWV-serogroup tospoviruses. Total RNAs extracted from Chenopodium quinoa leaves separately inoculated with ANSV, CSNV, GRSV, INSV, TCSV and TSWV were used for testing purposes. The 5'-biotinylated degenerate forward and reverse primers were designed from the consensus sequences of N genes of TSWV-serogroup tospoviruses for reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) amplification. Virus-specific oligonucleotide probes were spotted on the surface of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) chips to hybridize with PCR products. The hybridization signals were visualized by hydrolysis of NBT/BCIP with streptavidine-conjugated alkaline phosphatase. The microarray was further applied to diagnose virus infection in field crop samples. RESULTS Amplicons of approximately 0.46 kb were amplified from all tested TSWV-serogroup tospoviruses by RT-PCR using the degenerate primer pair Pr-dTS-f/Pr-dTS-r. Virus species were identified on chips by hybridization of PCR products with respective virus-specific probes. The microarray was successfully used to diagnose TSWV infection in field pepper samples. CONCLUSIONS In this study, a rapid, sensitive and precise microarray method has been developed to simultaneously detect and identify six TSWV-serogroup tospoviruses. The microarray platform provides a great potential to explore tospoviruses that can help researchers and quarantine staff to prevent invasions of tospoviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu-Yuan Liu
- Department of Plant Industry, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, 91201 Taiwan
| | - He-Yi Ye
- Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Wufeng, Taichung, 41354 Taiwan
| | - Tsang-Hai Chen
- Department of Plant Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, 91201 Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Chi Chen
- Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Wufeng, Taichung, 41354 Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402 Taiwan
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Chen YH, Dong J, Chien WC, Zheng K, Wu K, Yeh SD, Sun JH, Wang YC, Chen TC. Monoclonal antibodies for differentiating infections of three serological-related tospoviruses prevalent in Southwestern China. Virol J 2016; 13:72. [PMID: 27121504 PMCID: PMC4848788 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-016-0525-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The thrips-borne tospoviruses Calla lily chlorotic spot virus (CCSV), Tomato zonate spot virus (TZSV) and a new species provisionally named Tomato necrotic spot associated virus (TNSaV) infect similar crops in southwestern China. The symptoms exhibiting on virus-infected crops are similar, which is difficult for distinguishing virus species by symptomatology. The sequences of nucleocapsid proteins (NPs) of CCSV, TNSaV and TZSV share high degrees of amino acid identity with each other, and their serological relationship was currently demonstrated from the responses of the previously reported monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against the NP of CCSV (MAb-CCSV-NP) and the nonstructural NSs protein of Watermelon silver mottle virus (WSMoV) (MAb-WNSs). Therefore, the production of virus-specific antibodies for identification of CCSV, TNSaV and TZSV is demanded to improve field surveys. METHODS The NP of TZSV-13YV639 isolated from Crinum asiaticum in Yunnan Province, China was bacterially expressed and purified for producing MAbs. Indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and immunoblotting were conducted to test the serological response of MAbs to 18 tospovirus species. Additionally, the virus-specific primers were designed to verify the identity of CCSV, TNSaV and TZSV in one-step reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). RESULTS Two MAbs, denoted MAb-TZSV-NP(S15) and MAb-TZSV-NP(S18), were screened for test. MAb-TZSV-NP(S15) reacted with CCSV and TZSV while MAb-TZSV-NP(S18) reacted specifically to TZSV in both indirect ELISA and immunoblotting. Both MAbs can be used to detect TZSV in field-collected plant samples. The epitope of MAb-TZSV-NP(S18) was further identified consisting of amino acids 78-86 (HKIVASGAD) of the TZSV-13YV639 NP that is a highly conserved region among known TZSV isolates but is distinct from TNSaV and TZSV. CONCLUSIONS In this study, two MAbs targeting to different portions of the TZSV NP were obtained. Unlike MAb-CCSV-NP reacted with TNSaV as well as CCSV and TZSV, both TZSV MAbs can be used to differentiate CCSV, TNSaV and TZSV. The identity of CCSV, TNSaV and TZSV was proven by individual virus-specific primer pairs to indicate the correctness of serological responses. We also proposed an serological detection platform using MAb-CCSV-NP, MAb-TZSV-NP(S15) and MAb-TZSV-NP(S18) to allow researchers and quarantine staff to efficiently diagnose the infections of CCSV, TNSaV and TZSV in China and other countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Han Chen
- />Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Wufeng Taichung, 41354 Taiwan
| | - Jiahong Dong
- />Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Southwestern Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Innovation of Ministry of Agriculture, Biotechnology and Germplasm Resources Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, 650223 China
| | - Wan-Chu Chien
- />Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Wufeng Taichung, 41354 Taiwan
| | - Kuanyu Zheng
- />Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Southwestern Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Innovation of Ministry of Agriculture, Biotechnology and Germplasm Resources Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, 650223 China
| | - Kuo Wu
- />Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Southwestern Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Innovation of Ministry of Agriculture, Biotechnology and Germplasm Resources Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, 650223 China
| | - Shyi-Dong Yeh
- />Department of Plant Pathology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 40227 Taiwan
- />NCHU-UCD Plant and Food Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 40227 Taiwan
| | - Jing-Hua Sun
- />Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Wufeng Taichung, 41354 Taiwan
| | - Yun-Chi Wang
- />Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Wufeng Taichung, 41354 Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Chi Chen
- />Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Wufeng Taichung, 41354 Taiwan
- />Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402 Taiwan
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Meng J, Liu P, Zhu L, Zou C, Li J, Chen B. Complete Genome Sequence of Mulberry Vein Banding Associated Virus, a New Tospovirus Infecting Mulberry. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0136196. [PMID: 26291718 PMCID: PMC4546196 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0136196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Accepted: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mulberry vein banding associated virus (MVBaV) that infects mulberry plants with typical vein banding symptoms had been identified as a tentative species of the genus Tospovirus based on the homology of N gene sequence to those of tospoviruses. In this study, the complete sequence of the tripartite RNA genome of MVBaV was determined and analyzed. The L RNA has 8905 nucleotides (nt) and encodes the putative RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) of 2877 aa amino acids (aa) in the viral complementary (vc) strand. The RdRp of MVBaV shares the highest aa sequence identity (85.9%) with that of Watermelon silver mottle virus (WSMoV), and contains conserved motifs shared with those of the species of the genus Tospovirus. The M RNA contains 4731 nt and codes in ambisense arrangement for the NSm protein of 309 aa in the sense strand and the Gn/Gc glycoprotein precursor (GP) of 1,124 aa in the vc strand. The NSm and GP of MVBaV share the highest aa sequence identities with those of Capsicum chlorosis virus (CaCV) and Groundnut bud necrosis virus (GBNV) (83.2% and 84.3%, respectively). The S RNA is 3294 nt in length and contains two open reading frames (ORFs) in an ambisense coding strategy, encoding a 439-aa non-structural protein (NSs) and the 277-aa nucleocapsid protein (N), respectively. The NSs and N also share the highest aa sequence identity (71.1% and 74.4%, respectively) with those of CaCV. Phylogenetic analysis of the RdRp, NSm, GP, NSs, and N proteins showed that MVBaV is most closely related to CaCV and GBNV and that these proteins cluster with those of the WSMoV serogroup, and that MVBaV seems to be a species bridging the two subgroups within the WSMoV serogroup of tospoviruses in evolutionary aspect, suggesting that MVBaV represents a distinct tospovirus. Analysis of S RNA sequence uncovered the highly conserved 5’-/3’-ends and the coding regions, and the variable region of IGR with divergent patterns among MVBaV isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaorong Meng
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources (Guangxi University) and Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of China for Microbial and Plant Genetic Engineering, Nanning, China
| | - Pingping Liu
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Liling Zhu
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Chengwu Zou
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Jieqiu Li
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Baoshan Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources (Guangxi University) and Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of China for Microbial and Plant Genetic Engineering, Nanning, China
- * E-mail:
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12
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Wu PR, Chien WC, Okuda M, Takeshita M, Yeh SD, Wang YC, Chen TC. Genetic and serological characterization of chrysanthemum stem necrosis virus, a member of the genus Tospovirus. Arch Virol 2015; 160:529-36. [PMID: 25427981 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-014-2287-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2014] [Accepted: 11/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Chrysanthemum stem necrosis virus (CSNV) is a member of a tentative tospovirus species. In this study, the complete genomic sequence of the Japanese CSNV isolate TcCh07A was determined. The L RNA is 8960 nt long and encodes the 331.0-kDa RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. The M RNA is 4828 nt long and encodes the 34.1-kDa movement protein (NSm) and the 127.7-kDa glycoprotein precursor (Gn/Gc). The S RNA is 2949 nt long and encodes the 52.4-kDa silencing suppressor protein (NSs) and the 29.3-kDa nucleocapsid (N) protein. The N protein of CSNV-TcCh07A was purified from virus-infected plant tissues and used for production of a rabbit polyclonal antiserum (RAs) and a monoclonal antibody (MAb). Results of serological tests by indirect ELISA and western blotting using the prepared RAs and MAb and a previously produced RAs against the N protein of tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) indicated that CSNV-TcCh07A, TSWV, tomato chlorotic spot virus, groundnut ringspot virus, alstroemeria necrotic streak virus and impatiens necrotic spot virus are serologically related.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Ru Wu
- Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Wufeng, Taichung, 41354, Taiwan
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13
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Yang CF, Chen KC, Cheng YH, Raja JAJ, Huang YL, Chien WC, Yeh SD. Generation of marker-free transgenic plants concurrently resistant to a DNA geminivirus and a RNA tospovirus. Sci Rep 2014; 4:5717. [PMID: 25030413 PMCID: PMC4101524 DOI: 10.1038/srep05717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2014] [Accepted: 06/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Global threats of ssDNA geminivirus and ss(-)RNA tospovirus on crops necessitate the development of transgenic resistance. Here, we constructed a two-T DNA vector carrying a hairpin of the intergenic region (IGR) of Ageratum yellow vein virus (AYVV), residing in an intron inserted in an untranslatable nucleocapsid protein (NP) fragment of Melon yellow spot virus (MYSV). Transgenic tobacco lines highly resistant to AYVV and MYSV were generated. Accumulation of 24-nt siRNA, higher methylation levels on the IGR promoters of the transgene, and suppression of IGR promoter activity of invading AYVV indicate that AYVV resistance is mediated by transcriptional gene silencing. Lack of NP transcript and accumulation of corresponding siRNAs indicate that MYSV resistance is mediated through post-transcriptional gene silencing. Marker-free progenies with concurrent resistance to both AYVV and MYSV, stably inherited as dominant nuclear traits, were obtained. Hence, we provide a novel way for concurrent control of noxious DNA and RNA viruses with less biosafety concerns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Fu Yang
- Department of Plant Pathology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Agricultural Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Chun Chen
- Agricultural Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Hui Cheng
- Division of Plant Pathology, Taiwan Agriculture Research Institute, Wufeng, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Joseph A. J. Raja
- Department of Plant Pathology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- NCHU-UCD Plant and Food Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Ling Huang
- Department of Plant Pathology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Chu Chien
- Department of Plant Pathology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shyi-Dong Yeh
- Department of Plant Pathology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Agricultural Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- NCHU-UCD Plant and Food Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
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14
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Charlermroj R, Himananto O, Seepiban C, Kumpoosiri M, Warin N, Gajanandana O, Elliott CT, Karoonuthaisiri N. Antibody array in a multiwell plate format for the sensitive and multiplexed detection of important plant pathogens. Anal Chem 2014; 86:7049-56. [PMID: 24945525 DOI: 10.1021/ac501424k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The global seed market is considered to be an important industry with a total value of $10,543 million US dollars in 2012. Because plant pathogens such as bacteria and viruses cause a significant economic loss to both producers and exporters, the seed export industry urgently requires rapid, sensitive, and inexpensive testing for the pathogens to prevent disease spreading worldwide. This study developed an antibody array in a multiwell plate format to simultaneously detect four crucial plant pathogens, namely, a bacterial fruit blotch bacterium Acidovorax avenae subsp. citrulli (Aac), Chilli veinal mottle virus (ChiVMV, potyvirus), Watermelon silver mottle virus (WSMoV, tospovirus serogroup IV), and Melon yellow spot virus (MYSV, tospovirus). The capture antibodies specific to the pathogens were immobilized on each well at preassigned positions by an automatic microarrayer. The antibodies on the arrays specifically captured the corresponding pathogens present in the sample extracts. The presence of pathogens bound on the capture antibodies was subsequently detected by a cocktail of fluorescently conjugated secondary antibodies. The limits of detection of the developed antibody array for the detection of Aac, ChiVMV, WSMoV, and MYSV were 5 × 10(5) CFU/mL, 30 ng/mL, 1000 ng/mL, and 160 ng/mL, respectively, which were very similar to those of the conventional ELISA method. The antibody array in a multiwell plate format accurately detected plant pathogens in single and multiple detections. Moreover, this format enables easy handling of the assay at a higher speed of operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ratthaphol Charlermroj
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA) , 113 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Road, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
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15
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Peng JC, Chen TC, Raja JAJ, Yang CF, Chien WC, Lin CH, Liu FL, Wu HW, Yeh SD. Broad-spectrum transgenic resistance against distinct tospovirus species at the genus level. PLoS One 2014; 9:e96073. [PMID: 24811071 PMCID: PMC4014477 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0096073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2013] [Accepted: 04/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Thrips-borne tospoviruses cause severe damage to crops worldwide. In this investigation, tobacco lines transgenic for individual WLm constructs containing the conserved motifs of the L RNA-encoded RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (L) gene of Watermelon silver mottle virus (WSMoV) were generated by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. The WLm constructs included: (i) translatable WLm in a sense orientation; (ii) untranslatable WLmt with two stop codons; (iii) untranslatable WLmts with stop codons and a frame-shift; (iv) untranslatable antisense WLmA; and (v) WLmhp with an untranslatable inverted repeat of WLm containing the tospoviral S RNA 3'-terminal consensus sequence (5'-ATTGCTCT-3') and an NcoI site as a linker to generate a double-stranded hairpin transcript. A total of 46.7-70.0% transgenic tobacco lines derived from individual constructs showed resistance to the homologous WSMoV; 35.7-100% plants of these different WSMoV-resistant lines exhibited broad-spectrum resistance against four other serologically unrelated tospoviruses Tomato spotted wilt virus, Groundnut yellow spot virus, Impatiens necrotic spot virus and Groundnut chlorotic fan-spot virus. The selected transgenic tobacco lines also exhibited broad-spectrum resistance against five additional tospoviruses from WSMoV and Iris yellow spot virus clades, but not against RNA viruses from other genera. Northern analyses indicated that the broad-spectrum resistance is mediated by RNA silencing. To validate the L conserved region resistance in vegetable crops, the constructs were also used to generate transgenic tomato lines, which also showed effective resistance against WSMoV and other tospoviruses. Thus, our approach of using the conserved motifs of tospoviral L gene as a transgene generates broad-spectrum resistance against tospoviruses at the genus level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jui-Chu Peng
- Department of Plant Pathology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Division of Crop Environment, Tainan District Agricultural Research and Extension Station, COA, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Chi Chen
- Department of Plant Pathology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Wufeng, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Joseph A. J. Raja
- Agricultural Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- NCHU-UCD Plant and Food Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Fu Yang
- Department of Plant Pathology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Agricultural Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Chu Chien
- NCHU-UCD Plant and Food Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Hsuan Lin
- Department of Plant Pathology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Fang-Lin Liu
- Department of Plant Pathology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Wen Wu
- Department of Plant Pathology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shyi-Dong Yeh
- Department of Plant Pathology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Agricultural Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
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16
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Charoenvilaisiri S, Seepiban C, Bhunchoth A, Warin N, Luxananil P, Gajanandana O. Development of a multiplex RT-PCR-ELISA to identify four distinct species of tospovirus. J Virol Methods 2014; 202:54-63. [PMID: 24642237 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2014.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2013] [Revised: 03/05/2014] [Accepted: 03/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a multiplex RT-PCR-ELISA was developed to detect and differentiate four tospovirus species found in Thailand, namely Capsicum chlorosis virus (CaCV), Melon yellow spot virus (MYSV), Tomato necrotic ringspot virus (TNRV), and Watermelon silver mottle virus (WSMoV). In this system, nucleocapsid (N) gene fragments of four tospoviruses were simultaneously amplified and labeled with digoxigenin (DIG) in a single RT-PCR reaction using a pair of degenerate primers binding to the same conserved regions in all four tospovirus N genes. The DIG-labeled amplicons were distinguished into species by four parallel hybridizations to species-specific biotinylated probes in streptavidin-coated microtiter wells followed by ELISA detection using a peroxidase-conjugated anti-DIG antibody. Results indicated that the multiplex RT-PCR-ELISA assay could specifically identify each of these four tospoviruses without cross-reactivity between species or reactivity to healthy plant negative controls. Assay sensitivity was 10- to 1000-fold higher than conventional RT-PCR. When applied to naturally infected plants, all samples yielded concordant results between RT-PCR-ELISA and the reference RT-PCR. In conclusion, the multiplex RT-PCR-ELISA developed in this study has superior specificity, sensitivity, and high-throughput capacity compared to conventional RT-PCR and is an attractive alternative for the identification of different tospovirus species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saengsoon Charoenvilaisiri
- Monoclonal Antibody Production Laboratory, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Unit, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Thailand Science Park, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand.
| | - Channarong Seepiban
- Monoclonal Antibody Production Laboratory, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Unit, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Thailand Science Park, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
| | - Anjana Bhunchoth
- Plant Research Laboratory, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Unit, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Kamphaengsaen, Nakornpathom, Thailand
| | - Nuchnard Warin
- Plant Research Laboratory, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Unit, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Kamphaengsaen, Nakornpathom, Thailand
| | - Plearnpis Luxananil
- Microbial Cell Factory Laboratory, Bioresource Technology Unit, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Thailand Science Park, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
| | - Oraprapai Gajanandana
- Monoclonal Antibody Production Laboratory, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Unit, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Thailand Science Park, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
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17
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Thaitrong N, Charlermroj R, Himananto O, Seepiban C, Karoonuthaisiri N. Implementation of microfluidic sandwich ELISA for superior detection of plant pathogens. PLoS One 2013; 8:e83231. [PMID: 24376668 PMCID: PMC3871650 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0083231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2013] [Accepted: 10/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Rapid and economical screening of plant pathogens is a high-priority need in the seed industry. Crop quality control and disease surveillance demand early and accurate detection in addition to robustness, scalability, and cost efficiency typically required for selective breeding and certification programs. Compared to conventional bench-top detection techniques routinely employed, a microfluidic-based approach offers unique benefits to address these needs simultaneously. To our knowledge, this work reports the first attempt to perform microfluidic sandwich ELISA for Acidovorax citrulli (Ac), watermelon silver mottle virus (WSMoV), and melon yellow spot virus (MYSV) screening. The immunoassay occurs on the surface of a reaction chamber represented by a microfluidic channel. The capillary force within the microchannel draws a reagent into the reaction chamber as well as facilitates assay incubation. Because the underlying pad automatically absorbs excess fluid, the only operation required is sequential loading of buffers/reagents. Buffer selection, antibody concentrations, and sample loading scheme were optimized for each pathogen. Assay optimization reveals that the 20-folds lower sample volume demanded by the microchannel structure outweighs the 2- to 4-folds higher antibody concentrations required, resulting in overall 5-10 folds of reagent savings. In addition to cutting the assay time by more than 50%, the new platform offers 65% cost savings from less reagent consumption and labor cost. Our study also shows 12.5-, 2-, and 4-fold improvement in assay sensitivity for Ac, WSMoV, and MYSV, respectively. Practical feasibility is demonstrated using 19 real plant samples. Given a standard 96-well plate format, the developed assay is compatible with commercial fluorescent plate readers and readily amendable to robotic liquid handling systems for completely hand-free assay automation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Numrin Thaitrong
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Klong Luang, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Ratthaphol Charlermroj
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Klong Luang, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Orawan Himananto
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Klong Luang, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Channarong Seepiban
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Klong Luang, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Nitsara Karoonuthaisiri
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Klong Luang, Pathum Thani, Thailand
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Abstract
Tospoviruses are among the most serious threats to vegetable crops in the Mediterranean basin. Tospovirus introduction, spread, and the diseases these viruses cause have been traced by epidemiological case studies. Recent research has centered on the close relationship between tospoviruses and their arthropod vectors (species of the Thripidae family). Here, we review several specific features of tospovirus-thrips associations in the Mediterranean. Since the introduction of Frankliniella occidentalis in Europe, Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) has become one of the limiting factors for vegetable crops such as tomato, pepper, and lettuce. An increasing problem is the emergence of TSWV resistance-breaking strains that overcome the resistance genes in pepper and tomato. F. occidentalis is also a vector of Impatiens necrotic spot virus, which was first observed in the Mediterranean basin in the 1980s. Its importance as a cause of vegetable crop diseases is limited to occasional incidence in pepper and tomato fields. A recent introduction is Iris yellow spot virus, transmitted by the onion thrips Thrips tabaci, in onion and leek crops. Control measures in vegetable crops specific to Mediterranean conditions were examined in the context of their epidemiological features and tospovirus species which could pose a future potential risk for vegetable crops in the Mediterranean were discussed.
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Li JT, Yeh YC, Yeh SD, Raja JAJ, Rajagopalan PA, Liu LY, Chen TC. Complete genomic sequence of watermelon bud necrosis virus. Arch Virol 2010; 156:359-62. [PMID: 21184244 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-010-0881-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2010] [Accepted: 12/02/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Ting Li
- Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung County, Wufeng, Taiwan
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Tomato necrotic ringspot virus, a new tospovirus isolated in Thailand. Arch Virol 2010; 156:263-74. [PMID: 21104282 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-010-0856-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2010] [Accepted: 10/28/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
A new tospovirus isolated from naturally infected tomato plants grown in Nakhon Pathom province (Thailand) was characterized. Infected plants showed symptoms consisting of necrotic spots, necrotic ringspots and stem necrosis. This virus was detected using general antibodies that could recognize watermelon silver mottle virus (WSMoV), capsicum chlorosis virus (CaCV) and melon yellow spot virus (MYSV). However, it did not react with specific monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) to WSMoV and CaCV or a specific MAb to MYSV. The complete nucleotide sequences of S and M RNAs of the virus were determined. They were 3,023 and 4,716 nucleotides in length, respectively, and contained two ORFs in an ambisense arrangement. Sequence analysis indicated that amino acid sequence of the N protein shared 58.2%, 56.0% and 51.8% identity with those of CaCV, WSMoV and MYSV, respectively. The virus was experimentally transmitted by Thrips palmi and Ceratothripoides claratris. Based on our results, we conclude that this tospovirus isolate should be considered a member of a new species. The name tomato necrotic ringspot virus (TNRV) is proposed for this tospovirus.
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