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Cui Y, Chen X, Yue H, Tang C. First Detection and Genomic Characterization of Bovine Norovirus from Yak. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11020192. [PMID: 35215135 PMCID: PMC8874446 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11020192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Yak are a unique free-grazing bovine species in high-altitude areas. The objective of this study was to investigate the presence and molecular characteristics of BNoV in yak. A total of 205 diarrheal samples of yak (aged ≤ 3 months) were collected from 10 farms in Sichuan Province, China, from May 2018 to October 2020, and four samples were detected as BNoV-positive with RT-PCR. Moreover, a nearly full-length genome of SMU-YAK-J1 containing three complete ORFs was successfully sequenced. Sequence analysis with only nine genome sequences of the GIII genogroup showed that SMU-YAK-J1 was most closely related with GIII.P2 GIII.4, sharing 90.9% gnomic nucleotide identity, but only shared 71.6–85.9% with other genotypes, which confirmed that SMU-YAK-J1 belongs to genotype GIII.P2 GIII.4. However, compared with the sole genome of GIII.4 in GenBank, the BNoV in this study also exhibited many unique amino acid changes among all the three ORFs, which may represent the unique genetic evolution of BNoV in yak. This study first determined the presence of BNoV in yak, contributing to a better understanding of the prevalence and genetic evolution of BNoV.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hua Yue
- Correspondence: (H.Y.); (C.T.)
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Işidan H, Turan T, Atasoy MO, Sözdutmaz I, Irehan B. Detection and first molecular characterisation of three picornaviruses from diarrhoeic calves in Turkey. Acta Vet Hung 2019; 67:463-476. [PMID: 31549549 DOI: 10.1556/004.2019.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The involvement of picornaviruses in calf diarrhoea was evaluated by the analysis of 127 faecal samples collected from diarrhoeic calves during 2014-2016. Virus detections were carried out by PCR using generic or specific primer pairs. One-third of the faecal samples (33.86%) were found to be positive for one or more of the studied viruses. Bovine kobuvirus was detected in 22.83%, bovine hungarovirus in 11.02%, while bovine enterovirus 1 in 5.51% of the samples. The sequences of the PCR products indicated the existence of novel variants in all the three virus species. When comparing the partial sequences, the nucleotide sequence identities between our newly detected viruses and those previously deposited to the GenBank ranged between 76 and 99%. Phylogenetic analyses revealed a novel lineage within the species Hunnivirus A. Our findings suggest that these viruses should be regarded as possible aetiological agents of calf diarrhoea. Based on the newly determined sequences, we designed and tested a new generic PCR primer set for the more reliable detection of bovine hungaroviruses. This is the first report on the molecular detection of the presence of bovine hungarovirus, bovine kobuvirus and bovine enterovirus 1 in the faecal samples of diarrhoeic calves in Turkey.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hakan Işidan
- 1Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cumhuriyet University, 58140 Sivas, Turkey
| | - Turhan Turan
- 1Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cumhuriyet University, 58140 Sivas, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Ozan Atasoy
- 1Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cumhuriyet University, 58140 Sivas, Turkey
| | - Ibrahim Sözdutmaz
- 2Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
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Animals as Reservoir for Human Norovirus. Viruses 2019; 11:v11050478. [PMID: 31130647 PMCID: PMC6563253 DOI: 10.3390/v11050478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Norovirus is the most common cause of non-bacterial gastroenteritis and is a burden worldwide. The increasing norovirus diversity is currently categorized into at least 10 genogroups which are further classified into more than 40 genotypes. In addition to humans, norovirus can infect a broad range of hosts including livestock, pets, and wild animals, e.g., marine mammals and bats. Little is known about norovirus infections in most non-human hosts, but the close genetic relatedness between some animal and human noroviruses coupled with lack of understanding where newly appearing human norovirus genotypes and variants are emerging from has led to the hypothesis that norovirus may not be host restricted and might be able to jump the species barrier. We have systematically reviewed the literature to describe the diversity, prevalence, and geographic distribution of noroviruses found in animals, and the pathology associated with infection. We further discuss the evidence that exists for or against interspecies transmission including surveillance data and data from in vitro and in vivo experiments.
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Karayel-Hacioglu I, Alkan F. Molecular characterization of bovine noroviruses and neboviruses in Turkey: detection of recombinant strains. Arch Virol 2019; 164:1411-1417. [PMID: 30850861 PMCID: PMC7086724 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-019-04186-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the molecular epidemiology and genetic diversity of bovine enteric caliciviruses, a total of 167 fecal samples from diarrheic calves were screened. Bovine noroviruses (BoNoVs) and neboviruses were detected in 56 (33.5%) and 37 (22.1%) fecal samples, respectively. Sequences of the RdRp and capsid gene of selected BoNoVs showed that the GIII.1 and GIII.2 genotypes were in circulation in Turkey. Two of the BoNoV strains were identified as recombinant strains (GIII.P1/GIII.2). All examined neboviruses possessed a Nebraska-like RdRp gene. The two nebovirus strains were classified into lineage 4 based on phylogenetic analysis of VP1 amino acid sequences. One of them showed evidence of a recombination event within the S domain. This study is thus the first to reveal the presence of the BoNoV GIII.1 genotype and recombinant strains of BoNoV and neboviruses in Turkey.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilke Karayel-Hacioglu
- Department of Virology, Ankara University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Diskapi, 06110, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Feray Alkan
- Department of Virology, Ankara University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Diskapi, 06110, Ankara, Turkey
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Symes SJ, Allen JL, Mansell PD, Woodward KL, Bailey KE, Gilkerson JR, Browning GF. First detection of bovine noroviruses and detection of bovine coronavirus in Australian dairy cattle. Aust Vet J 2018; 96:203-208. [PMID: 29878330 PMCID: PMC7159654 DOI: 10.1111/avj.12695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2014] [Revised: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Background and objective Noroviruses have been recognised as a significant cause of neonatal enteritis in calves in many countries, but there has been no investigation of their occurrence in Australian cattle. This study aimed to establish whether bovine noroviruses could be detected in faecal samples from Australian dairy cattle. It also sought to determine whether bovine coronaviruses, also associated with neonatal enteritis in calves, could be detected in the same faecal samples. Methods A selection of faecal samples that were negative for rotaviruses from dairy farms located in three geographically distinct regions of Victoria were pooled and tested by reverse transcription‐PCR for the presence of noroviruses (genogroup III), neboviruses and bovine coronaviruses. Results and conclusion Genetically distinct genogroup III noroviruses were detected in two sample pools from different geographic regions and bovine coronavirus was detected in a third pool of samples. This is the first report of bovine norovirus infection in Australian cattle and suggests that future work is required to determine the significance of these agents as a cause of bovine enteric disease in Australia.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Symes
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - J L Allen
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - P D Mansell
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Werribee, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - K E Bailey
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - J R Gilkerson
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - G F Browning
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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Detection and Molecular Analysis of Bovine Enteric Norovirus and Nebovirus in Turkey. J Vet Res 2018; 62:129-135. [PMID: 30364905 PMCID: PMC6200295 DOI: 10.2478/jvetres-2018-0021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Bovine Norovirus (BoNeV) which has been confirmed in Asia, America, and Europe, seems to be distributed worldwide, even though only reported from a number of countries. Bovine noroviruses are predominantly detected in diarrhoeic animals rather than neboviruses. The study reveals the importance of noro- and neboviruses in early age diarrhoea of calves. Material and Methods A total of 127 stool samples were collected from three provinces located in the central region of Turkey. Samples were subjected to nucleic acid isolation and reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Positive samples were sequenced and analysed. Results According to PCR, five samples (3.93%) were found to be positive for bovine norovirus while 32 (25.19%) samples were found to be positive for bovine nebovirus. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the novel Turkish norovirus strains were found to be of genotype III.2 and all novel neboviruses were substituted under Nebraska-like strains. Conclusion Although predominantly bovine noroviruses are detected worldwide, the study indicated that bovine neboviruses were more prevalent in the studied area. We suggest that bovine neboviruses are more frequently responsible for calf diarrhoea than supposed by virologists. This is also the first report of neboviruses other than Kirklareli virus which is distantly related to neboviruses detected in Turkey.
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Yilmaz H, Gurel A, Aktas M, Yildirim F, Bamac OE, Haktanir D, Tekelioglu BK, Gur E, Altan Tarakci E, Helps C, Richt JA, Turan N. Clinical Virological and Pathological Investigations on Horses With Neurologic Disorders in Turkey. J Equine Vet Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2017.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Pourasgari F, Kaplon J, Sanchooli A, Fremy C, Karimi-Naghlani S, Otarod V, Ambert-Balay K, Mojgani N, Pothier P. Molecular prevalence of bovine noroviruses and neboviruses in newborn calves in Iran. Arch Virol 2018; 163:1271-1277. [PMID: 29362930 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-018-3716-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In this study, bovine enteric caliciviruses (BECs) were detected in 49.4% of a total of 253 stool specimens for diarrheic calves collected from 42 industrial dairy farms from March 2010 to February 2012. Genogroup III norovirus (NoVsGIII) were more prevalent (39.5%) than neboviruses (NBs) (15%), and coinfections were observed in 5.1% of the samples tested. Sequence analysis of the partial polymerase gene from 13 NoVsGIII samples indicated the circulation of both genotype 1 and genotype 2 strains. Among the six NB strains sequenced, five were related to the Bo/Nebraska/80/US strain, while one was related to the Bo/Newbury1/76/UK strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzaneh Pourasgari
- Department of Biotechnology, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran.
- Division of Advanced Diagnostics, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, UHN, Toronto, Canada.
| | - Jérôme Kaplon
- Laboratory of Virology, National Reference Center for Enteric Viruses, CHU F. Mitterrand, Dijon, France
- AgroSup Dijon, PAM UMR A 02.102, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comte, Dijon, France
| | - Alireza Sanchooli
- Department of Biotechnology, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
| | - Céline Fremy
- Laboratory of Virology, National Reference Center for Enteric Viruses, CHU F. Mitterrand, Dijon, France
- Queen's Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, UK
| | - Shahla Karimi-Naghlani
- Department of Biotechnology, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
| | | | - Katia Ambert-Balay
- Laboratory of Virology, National Reference Center for Enteric Viruses, CHU F. Mitterrand, Dijon, France
- AgroSup Dijon, PAM UMR A 02.102, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comte, Dijon, France
| | - Naheed Mojgani
- Department of Biotechnology, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
| | - Pierre Pothier
- Laboratory of Virology, National Reference Center for Enteric Viruses, CHU F. Mitterrand, Dijon, France.
- AgroSup Dijon, PAM UMR A 02.102, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comte, Dijon, France.
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Yilmaz H, Tekelioglu BK, Gurel A, Bamac OE, Ozturk GY, Cizmecigil UY, Altan E, Aydin O, Yilmaz A, Berriatua E, Helps CR, Richt JA, Turan N. Frequency, clinicopathological features and phylogenetic analysis of feline morbillivirus in cats in Istanbul, Turkey. J Feline Med Surg 2017; 19:1206-1214. [PMID: 28112564 PMCID: PMC11104173 DOI: 10.1177/1098612x16686728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Objectives The aim of the study was to investigate feline morbillivirus (FmoPV) frequency, phylogeny and associated pathology in cats in Istanbul, Turkey. Methods Samples from sick (n = 96) and dead ( n = 15) cats were analysed using reverse transcription PCR. Blood and urine analyses and histopathology were also performed. Results FmoPV RNA was detected in six cats (5.4%), including three sick (in the urine) and three dead cats (tissues). A significantly greater proportion of FmoPV RNA-positive cats had street access compared with non-infected cats. Blood samples from the morbillivirus-positive cats were negative for morbillivirus RNA. Tubular parenchymal cells, lymphoid and plasma cells in kidney and hepatocytes, lymphoid and plasma cells in liver from dead cats were also positive by immunohistochemistry for the viral N protein. Two FmoPV-positive cats were also positive for feline coronavirus RNA and one cat for feline immunodeficiency virus RNA and feline leukaemia virus proviral DNA. Phylogenetic analysis of the six FmoPV-positive cats showed that the strains were grouped into cluster D and had high similarity (98.5-100%) with strains from Japan and Germany. In the three FmoPV RNA-positive sick cats, respiratory, urinary and digestive system signs were observed as well as weight loss, fever and depression in some cats. Similar clinical signs were also seen in the morbillivirus RNA-negative sick cats. FmoPV RNA-positive cats had lower median red blood cell count, haemoglobin, albumin, albumin/globulin and urobilinogen and higher alanine transaminase, alkaline phosphatase and bilirubin compared with non-infected cats. Significant histopathology of FmoPV RNA-positive dead cats included tubulointerstitial nephritis characterised by severe granular and vacuolar degeneration of the epithelial cells of the cortical and medullary tubules as well as mononuclear cell infiltrates. Widespread lymphoid cell infiltrates were detected in the renal cortex and medullary regions of the kidneys. Cellular infiltration, cholangiohepatitis and focal necrosis in the liver were also found. Although virus-infected cells were found in the kidney and liver of FmoRV RNA-positive cats, tubulointerstitial nephritis, cholangiohepatitis and focal necrosis seen in FmoRV RNA-positive cats were similar to those observed in FmoRV RNA-negative cats. Conclusions and relevance This is the first study to show the presence of FmoPV infection in cats in Turkey. Sick cats, particularly those with kidney disease, should be tested for this virus. The genotypes found in this study were similar to previously reported strains, indicating that circulating morbilliviruses in Turkey are conserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huseyin Yilmaz
- Department of Virology, University of Istanbul, Veterinary Faculty, Avcilar, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Bilge K Tekelioglu
- Department of Pathology, University of Istanbul, Veterinary Faculty, Avcilar, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Aydin Gurel
- Department of Virology, University of Cukurova, Veterinary Faculty, Ceyhan, Adana, Turkey
| | - Ozge E Bamac
- Department of Virology, University of Cukurova, Veterinary Faculty, Ceyhan, Adana, Turkey
| | - Gulay Y Ozturk
- Department of Virology, University of Cukurova, Veterinary Faculty, Ceyhan, Adana, Turkey
| | - Utku Y Cizmecigil
- Department of Virology, University of Istanbul, Veterinary Faculty, Avcilar, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Eda Altan
- Department of Virology, University of Istanbul, Veterinary Faculty, Avcilar, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ozge Aydin
- Department of Virology, University of Istanbul, Veterinary Faculty, Avcilar, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Eduardo Berriatua
- Animal Health Department, Regional Campus of International Excellence ‘Campus Mare Nostrum’, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Chris R Helps
- University of Bristol, Langford Veterinary Services, Bristol, UK
| | - Juergen A Richt
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USA
| | - Nuri Turan
- Department of Virology, University of Istanbul, Veterinary Faculty, Avcilar, Istanbul, Turkey
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First detection of Nebovirus and Norovirus from cattle in China. Arch Virol 2017; 163:475-478. [PMID: 29058151 PMCID: PMC7087024 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-017-3616-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Neboviruses and genogroup III noroviruses (NoVsGIII) are causative agents of calf diarrhea. The purpose of this study was to investigate the presence of neboviruses and noroviruses in cattle in China. Twenty-eight diarrhea fecal samples collected from 5 different farms were analyzed by RT-PCR. The results showed that 3 nebovirus positive samples were detected on 2 farms, with two strains being related to Bo/DijonA216/06/FR strain and the other one clustering with NB-like strains. Meanwhile, 3 norovirus positive samples were detected on 3 farms, all of which belonged to genotype 1. Our results confirmed the presence of neboviruses and NoVsGIII in China for the first time, and supported the presence of a novel “DijonA216-like” nebovirus genotype.
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Yilmaz H, Altan E, Cizmecigil UY, Gurel A, Ozturk GY, Bamac OE, Aydin O, Britton P, Monne I, Cetinkaya B, Morgan KL, Faburay B, Richt JA, Turan N. Phylogeny and S1 Gene Variation of Infectious Bronchitis Virus Detected in Broilers and Layers in Turkey. Avian Dis 2017; 60:596-602. [PMID: 27610718 DOI: 10.1637/11346-120915-reg.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The avian coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus (AvCoV-IBV) is recognized as an important global pathogen because new variants are a continuous threat to the poultry industry worldwide. This study investigates the genetic origin and diversity of AvCoV-IBV by analysis of the S1 sequence derived from 49 broiler flocks and 14 layer flocks in different regions of Turkey. AvCoV-IBV RNA was detected in 41 (83.6%) broiler flocks and nine (64.2%) of the layer flocks by TaqMan real-time RT-PCR. In addition, AvCoV-IBV RNA was detected in the tracheas 27/30 (90%), lungs 31/49 (62.2%), caecal tonsils 7/22 (31.8%), and kidneys 4/49 (8.1%) of broiler flocks examined. Pathologic lesions, hemorrhages, and mononuclear infiltrations were predominantly observed in tracheas and to a lesser extent in the lungs and a few in kidneys. A phylogenetic tree based on partial S1 sequences of the detected AvCoV-IBVs (including isolates) revealed that 1) viruses detected in five broiler flocks were similar to the IBV vaccines Ma5, H120, M41; 2) viruses detected in 24 broiler flocks were similar to those previously reported from Turkey and to Israel variant-2 strains; 3) viruses detected in seven layer flocks were different from those found in any of the broiler flocks but similar to viruses previously reported from Iran, India, and China (similar to Israel variant-1 and 4/91 serotypes); and 4) that the AVCoV-IBV, Israeli variant-2 strain, found to be circulating in Turkey appears to be undergoing molecular evolution. In conclusion, genetically different AvCoV-IBV strains, including vaccine-like strains, based on their partial S1 sequence, are circulating in broiler and layer chicken flocks in Turkey and the Israeli variant-2 strain is undergoing evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huseyin Yilmaz
- A University of Istanbul, Veterinary Faculty, Department of Virology, Avcilar, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Eda Altan
- A University of Istanbul, Veterinary Faculty, Department of Virology, Avcilar, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Utku Y Cizmecigil
- A University of Istanbul, Veterinary Faculty, Department of Virology, Avcilar, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Aydin Gurel
- B University of Istanbul, Veterinary Faculty, Department of Pathology, Avcilar, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gulay Yuzbasioglu Ozturk
- B University of Istanbul, Veterinary Faculty, Department of Pathology, Avcilar, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ozge Erdogan Bamac
- B University of Istanbul, Veterinary Faculty, Department of Pathology, Avcilar, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ozge Aydin
- A University of Istanbul, Veterinary Faculty, Department of Virology, Avcilar, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Paul Britton
- C Pirbright Institute, Compton Laboratory, Compton, Newbury, Berkshire, RG20 7NN, UK
| | - Isabella Monne
- D Division of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, OIE/FAO and Istituto Zooprofilattico, Sperimentale delle Venezie, Viale dell'Università, 10, 35020, Legnaro (Padova), Italy
| | - Burhan Cetinkaya
- E University of Firat, Veterinary Faculty, Department of Microbiology, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Kenton L Morgan
- F Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease and School of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool, Leahurst, Neston, CH64 7TE, UK
| | - Bonto Faburay
- G Department of Diagnostic Medicine and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, 1800 Denison Avenue, Manhattan, KS 66506
| | - Juergen A Richt
- G Department of Diagnostic Medicine and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, 1800 Denison Avenue, Manhattan, KS 66506
| | - Nuri Turan
- A University of Istanbul, Veterinary Faculty, Department of Virology, Avcilar, Istanbul, Turkey
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Norovirus Infection. EMERGING AND RE-EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES OF LIVESTOCK 2017. [PMCID: PMC7122952 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-47426-7_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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13
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Di Felice E, Mauroy A, Pozzo FD, Thiry D, Ceci C, Di Martino B, Marsilio F, Thiry E. Bovine noroviruses: A missing component of calf diarrhoea diagnosis. Vet J 2015; 207:53-62. [PMID: 26631944 PMCID: PMC7110452 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2015.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Revised: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Noroviruses are RNA viruses that belong to the Genus Norovirus, Family Caliciviridae, and infect human beings and several animal species, including cattle. Bovine norovirus infections have been detected in cattle of a range of different ages throughout the world. Currently there is no suitable cell culture system for these viruses and information on their pathogenesis is limited. Molecular and serological tests have been developed, but are complicated by the high genetic and antigenic diversity of bovine noroviruses. Bovine noroviruses can be detected frequently in faecal samples of diarrhoeic calves, either alone or in association with other common enteric pathogens, suggesting a role for these viruses in the aetiology of calf enteritis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Axel Mauroy
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Fundamental and Applied Research on Animal and Health Center, University of Liège, B-4000 Liège, Belgium.
| | - Fabiana Dal Pozzo
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Fundamental and Applied Research on Animal and Health Center, University of Liège, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Damien Thiry
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Fundamental and Applied Research on Animal and Health Center, University of Liège, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Chiara Ceci
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli studi di Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - Barbara Di Martino
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli studi di Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - Fulvio Marsilio
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli studi di Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - Etienne Thiry
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Fundamental and Applied Research on Animal and Health Center, University of Liège, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
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Yilmaz H, Hoffmann B, Turan N, Cizmecigil UY, Richt JA, Van der Poel WH. Detection and Partial Sequencing of Schmallenberg Virus in Cattle and Sheep in Turkey. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2014; 14:223-5. [DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2013.1451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Bernd Hoffmann
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Nuri Turan
- University of Istanbul, Avcilar, Istanbul, Turkey
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Cho YI, Yoon KJ. An overview of calf diarrhea - infectious etiology, diagnosis, and intervention. J Vet Sci 2013; 15:1-17. [PMID: 24378583 PMCID: PMC3973752 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.2014.15.1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 313] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2013] [Revised: 11/20/2013] [Accepted: 11/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Calf diarrhea is a commonly reported disease in young animals, and still a major cause of productivity and economic loss to cattle producers worldwide. In the report of the 2007 National Animal Health Monitoring System for U.S. dairy, half of the deaths among unweaned calves was attributed to diarrhea. Multiple pathogens are known or postulated to cause or contribute to calf diarrhea development. Other factors including both the environment and management practices influence disease severity or outcomes. The multifactorial nature of calf diarrhea makes this disease hard to control effectively in modern cow-calf operations. The purpose of this review is to provide a better understanding of a) the ecology and pathogenesis of well-known and potential bovine enteric pathogens implicated in calf diarrhea, b) describe diagnostic tests used to detect various enteric pathogens along with their pros and cons, and c) propose improved intervention strategies for treating calf diarrhea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Il Cho
- National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Cheonan, Korea
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Mauroy A, Scipioni A, Mathijs E, Ziant D, Daube G, Thiry E. Genetic and evolutionary perspectives on genogroup III, genotype 2 bovine noroviruses. Arch Virol 2013; 159:39-49. [PMID: 23881084 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-013-1791-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2013] [Accepted: 06/08/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Bovine noroviruses are enteric pathogens that are detected in stool samples from cattle. Five genogroups are currently described in the genus Norovirus (family Caliciviridae), and within the genogroups, sequences are further divided into genotypes according to genetic homology and phylogenetic relationships. In this study, stool specimens from Belgian cattle were screened by RT-PCR. All of the sequences that were detected were phylogenetically related to genogroup III genotype 2 bovine noroviruses, confirming their higher prevalence in comparison with strains from genotype 1. When other sequences from around the world were introduced, phylogenetic inferences allowed neither the determination of phylogenetic lineages over time nor the deduction of topotypes for genotype 2 bovine noroviruses. Three complete genotype 2 bovine norovirus sequences were also compared genetically (Newbury2/1976 /UK, Dumfries/1994/UK and B309/2003/BE). Interestingly, the genetic divergence of the complete genomes of these three strains was relatively low, but a region of the N-terminal protein encoded by ORF1, the hypervariable region of the capsid gene encoded by ORF2, and a region of the minor structural protein encoded by ORF3 seem to be the most exposed to genetic evolution. Bayesian inference also showed that genetic evolution of genogroup III, genotype 2 bovine noroviruses over a 30-year period seemed to be lower than that already reported for noroviruses from the genotypes 3 and 4 in genogroup II.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Mauroy
- Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Veterinary Virology and Animal Viral Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, 20 Boulevard de Colonster B43b, 4000, Liège, Belgium,
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Case-control study of microbiological etiology associated with calf diarrhea. Vet Microbiol 2013; 166:375-85. [PMID: 23886509 PMCID: PMC7117237 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2013.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2012] [Revised: 06/27/2013] [Accepted: 07/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Calf diarrhea is a major economic burden for the US cattle industry. A variety of infectious agents are implicated in calf diarrhea and co-infection of multiple pathogens is not uncommon in diarrheic calves. A case–control study was conducted to assess infectious etiologies associated with calf diarrhea in Midwest cattle farms. A total of 199 and 245 fecal samples were obtained from diarrheic and healthy calves, respectively, from 165 cattle farms. Samples were tested by a panel of multiplex PCR assays for 11 enteric pathogens: bovine rotavirus group A (BRV-A), bovine coronavirus (BCoV), bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), bovine enterovirus (BEV), bovine norovirus (BNoV), Nebovirus, bovine torovirus (BToV) Salmonella spp. (Salmonella), Escherichia coli (E. coli) K99+, Clostridium perfringens with β toxin gene and Cryptosporidium parvum (C. parvum). The association between diarrhea and detection of each pathogen was analyzed using a multivariate logistic regression model. More than a half of the fecal samples from the diarrheic calves had multiple pathogens. Statistically, BRV-A, BCoV, BNoV, Nebovirus, Salmonella, E. coli K99+, and C. parvum were significantly associated with calf diarrhea (p < 0.05). Among them, C. parvum and BRV-A were considered to be the most common enteric pathogens for calf diarrhea with high detection frequency (33.7% and 27.1%) and strong odds ratio (173 and 79.9). Unexpectedly BNoV (OR = 2.0) and Nebovirus (OR = 16.7) were identified with high frequency in diarrheic calves, suggesting these viruses may have a significant contribution to calf diarrhea.
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Yilmaz H, Altan E, Ridpath J, Turan N. Genetic diversity and frequency of bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) detected in cattle in Turkey. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2012; 35:411-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2012.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2012] [Revised: 03/19/2012] [Accepted: 03/21/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Hassine-Zaafrane M, Kaplon J, Sdiri-Loulizi K, Aouni Z, Pothier P, Aouni M, Ambert-Balay K. Molecular prevalence of bovine noroviruses and neboviruses detected in central-eastern Tunisia. Arch Virol 2012; 157:1599-604. [DOI: 10.1007/s00705-012-1344-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2012] [Accepted: 04/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Investigation of schizophrenic patients from Istanbul, Turkey for the presence of West Nile virus. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2012; 262:173-7. [PMID: 21725713 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-011-0222-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2011] [Accepted: 06/17/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Association of some neurotropic viruses like Borna Disease virus and Herpes virus with schizophrenia is better explained. However, the role of West Nile virus (WNV) infection in schizophrenia is not well documented. Therefore, this study was performed to investigate possible association between schizophrenia and presence of antibodies and WNV RNA in schizophrenic patients. For this, 200 blood samples from patients with schizophrenia and 200 from control groups were collected in Istanbul, Turkey. WNV RNA was not detected in any of the 200 patients and 200 controls analyzed by real-time RT-PCR. One hundred and twelve sera of schizophrenic patients and 162 of controls were analyzed for the presence of IgG antibodies to WNV by a commercial IgG-ELISA (Euroimmun, Germany). Antibodies to WNV were detected in 6 schizophrenic patients and 5 controls. ELISA positive patients had antipsychotic therapy. The difference between groups in terms of seropositivity to WNV was not statistically significant (p = 0.887, p = 0.148). Known symptoms of schizophrenia were observed in these patients, and interestingly majority had close contact to cats in the past and come from agricultural area of Turkey where potential area of mosquitoes and bird habitat. In conclusion, the results of this study show that antibodies to WNV in people do not seem to be associated with schizophrenia. However, detecting antibodies to WNV in schizophrenic patients suggests that WNV infection should be considered in endemic areas as it may play role in psychiatric diseases.
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