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Dong ZX, Lin CC, Chen YK, Chou CC, Chen TC. Identification of an emerging cucumber virus in Taiwan using Oxford nanopore sequencing technology. PLANT METHODS 2022; 18:143. [PMID: 36550551 PMCID: PMC9773502 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-022-00976-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In June 2020, severe symptoms of leaf mosaic and fruit malformation were observed on greenhouse-grown cucumber plants in Xizhou Township of Changhua County, Taiwan. An unknown virus, designated CX-2, was isolated from a diseased cucumber sample by single lesion isolation on Chenopodium quinoa leaves. Identification of CX-2 was performed. Moreover, the incidence of cucumber viruses in Taiwan was also investigated. METHODS Transmission electron microscopy was performed to examine virion morphology. The portable MinION sequencer released by Oxford Nanopore Technologies was used to detect viral sequences in dsRNA of CX-2-infected leaf tissue. The whole genome sequence of CX-2 was completed by Sanger sequencing and analyzed. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) with species-specific primers and indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with anti-coat protein antisera were developed for virus detection in the field [see Additional file 1]. RESULTS Icosahedral particles about 30 nm in diameter were observed in the crud leaf sap of CX-2-infected C. quinoa plant. The complete genome sequence of CX-2 was determined as 4577 nt long and shared 97.0-97.2% of nucleotide identity with that of two cucumber Bulgarian latent virus (CBLV) isolates in Iran and Bulgaria. Therefore, CX-2 was renamed CBLV-TW. In 2020-2022 field surveys, melon yellow spot virus (MYSV) had the highest detection rate of 74.7%, followed by cucurbit chlorotic yellows virus (CCYV) (32.0%), papaya ringspot virus virus watermelon type (PRSV-W) (10.7%), squash leaf curl Philippines virus (SLCuPV) (9.3%), CBLV (8.0%) and watermelon silver mottle virus (WSMoV) (4.0%). Co-infection of CBLV and MYSV could be detected in field cucumbers. CONCLUSION The emerging CBLV-TW was identified by nanopore sequencing. Whole genome sequence analysis revealed that CBLV-TW is closely related, but phylogenetically distinct, to two known CBLV isolates in Bulgaria and Iran. Detection methods including RT-PCR and indirect ELISA have been developed to detect CBLV and to investigate cucumber viruses in central Taiwan. The 2020-2022 field survey results showed that MYSV and CCYV were the main threats to cucumbers, with CBLV, SLCuPV and WSMoV were occasionally occurring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Xuan Dong
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Asia University, Wufeng, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chian-Chi Lin
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Asia University, Wufeng, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yuh-Kun Chen
- Department of Plant Pathology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Cheng Chou
- National Laboratory Animal Center, National Applied Research Laboratories, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Chi Chen
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Asia University, Wufeng, Taichung, Taiwan.
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Rose Virome Analysis and Identification of a Novel Ilarvirus in Taiwan. Viruses 2022; 14:v14112537. [PMID: 36423147 PMCID: PMC9693529 DOI: 10.3390/v14112537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Rose (Rosa spp.), especially R. hybrida, is one of the most popular ornamental plants in the world and the third largest cut flower crop in Taiwan. Rose mosaic disease (RMD), showing mosaic, line patterns and ringspots on leaves, is a common rose disease caused by the complex infection of various viruses. Due to pests and diseases, the rose planting area in Taiwan has been decreasing since 2008; however, no rose virus disease has been reported in the past five decades. In the spring of 2020, rose samples showing RMD-like symptoms were observed at an organic farm in Chiayi, central Taiwan. The virome in the farm was analyzed by RNA-seq. Rose genomic sequences were filtered from the obtained reads. The remaining reads were de novo assembled to generate 294 contigs, 50 of which were annotated as viral sequences corresponding to 10 viruses. Through reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction validation, a total of seven viruses were detected, including six known rose viruses, namely apple mosaic virus, prunus necrotic ringspot virus, rose partitivirus, apple stem grooving virus, rose spring dwarf-associated virus and rose cryptic virus 1, and a novel ilarvirus. After completing the whole genome sequencing and sequence analysis, the unknown ilarvirus was demonstrated as a putative new species, tentatively named rose ilarvirus 2. This is the first report of the rose virus disease in Taiwan.
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Lin CC, Lin SS, Chen TC. Complete genome sequence of Amazon lily mosaic virus isolated from amaryllis (Hippeastrum hybridum Hort.). Arch Virol 2022; 167:1495-1498. [PMID: 35482088 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-022-05449-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
In April 2011, a virus was isolated by single-lesion isolation on Chenopodium quinoa leaves from an amaryllis plant with chlorotic ringspots in a private garden in Changhua County, Taiwan. An Illumina MiSeq sequencing system was used to determine the genomic nucleotide (nt) sequence of the virus. A de novo-assembled contig with 9377 nt, containing an open reading frame encoding a putative potyviral polyprotein, was annotated as the potyvirus Amazon lily mosaic virus (ALiMV), sharing 95.5% nt sequence identity with a partial genomic sequence of ALiMV available in the GenBank database. Therefore, the amaryllis virus was designated as ALiMV-TW. Through 5´ and 3´ rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE), the complete 9618-nt genome sequence of ALiMV-TW was determined. Sequence comparisons indicated that the genome and polyprotein of ALiMV-TW share 52.3-65.1% nt and 30.1-64.2% aa sequence identity, respectively, with those of other potyviruses. This is the first report of a complete genome sequence of ALiMV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chian-Chi Lin
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Asia University, Wufeng, Taichung, 41354, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Shun Lin
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, No. 81, Chang-Xing St., Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Chi Chen
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Asia University, Wufeng, Taichung, 41354, Taiwan.
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Zhang Z, Zheng K, Zhao L, Su X, Zheng X, Wang T. Occurrence, Distribution, Evolutionary Relationships, Epidemiology, and Management of Orthotospoviruses in China. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:686025. [PMID: 34421843 PMCID: PMC8371445 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.686025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Orthotospoviruses are responsible for serious crop losses worldwide. Orthotospoviral diseases have spread rapidly in China over the past 10 years and are now found in 19 provinces. Currently, 17 Orthotospovirus species have been reported in China, including eight newly identified species from this genus. The number of new highly pathogenic Orthotospovirus strains or species has increased, likely because of the virus species diversity, the wide range of available hosts, adaptation of the viruses to different climates, and multiple transmission routes. This review describes the distribution of Orthotospovirus species, host plants, typical symptoms of infection under natural conditions, the systemic infection of host plants, spatial clustering characteristics of virus particles in host cells, and the orthotospoviral infection cycle in the field. The evolutionary relationships of orthotospoviruses isolated from China and epidemiology are also discussed. In order to effectively manage orthotospoviral disease, future research needs to focus on deciphering the underlying mechanisms of systemic infection, studying complex/mixed infections involving the same or different Orthotospovirus species or other viruses, elucidating orthotospovirus adaptative mechanisms to multiple climate types, breeding virus-resistant plants, identifying new strains and species, developing early monitoring and early warning systems for plant infection, and studying infection transmission routes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongkai Zhang
- Key Lab of Agricultural Biotechnology of Yunnan Province, Biotechnology and Germplasm Resources Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, China
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Morozov SY, Solovyev AG. Small hydrophobic viral proteins involved in intercellular movement of diverse plant virus genomes. AIMS Microbiol 2020; 6:305-329. [PMID: 33134746 PMCID: PMC7595835 DOI: 10.3934/microbiol.2020019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Most plant viruses code for movement proteins (MPs) targeting plasmodesmata to enable cell-to-cell and systemic spread in infected plants. Small membrane-embedded MPs have been first identified in two viral transport gene modules, triple gene block (TGB) coding for an RNA-binding helicase TGB1 and two small hydrophobic proteins TGB2 and TGB3 and double gene block (DGB) encoding two small polypeptides representing an RNA-binding protein and a membrane protein. These findings indicated that movement gene modules composed of two or more cistrons may encode the nucleic acid-binding protein and at least one membrane-bound movement protein. The same rule was revealed for small DNA-containing plant viruses, namely, viruses belonging to genus Mastrevirus (family Geminiviridae) and the family Nanoviridae. In multi-component transport modules the nucleic acid-binding MP can be viral capsid protein(s), as in RNA-containing viruses of the families Closteroviridae and Potyviridae. However, membrane proteins are always found among MPs of these multicomponent viral transport systems. Moreover, it was found that small membrane MPs encoded by many viruses can be involved in coupling viral replication and cell-to-cell movement. Currently, the studies of evolutionary origin and functioning of small membrane MPs is regarded as an important pre-requisite for understanding of the evolution of the existing plant virus transport systems. This paper represents the first comprehensive review which describes the whole diversity of small membrane MPs and presents the current views on their role in plant virus movement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey Y Morozov
- A. N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.,Department of Virology, Biological Faculty, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrey G Solovyev
- A. N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.,Department of Virology, Biological Faculty, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.,Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
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Kang YC, Wang YC, Hsia CM, Tsai WS, Huang LH, Yeh SD, Chen TC. Molecular Characterization and Detection of a Genetically Distinct Tomato Chlorosis Virus Strain in Taiwan. PLANT DISEASE 2018; 102:600-607. [PMID: 30673497 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-05-17-0728-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The whitefly-transmitted tomato chlorosis virus (ToCV) belonging to the genus Crinivirus (family Closteroviridae) affects tomato production worldwide. ToCV was first recorded in Taiwan in 1998 affecting tomato production. In this study, a local virus isolate XS was obtained, after serial whitefly transmissions from a diseased tomato plant displaying general chlorosis were collected in central Taiwan. The whole genome sequence of XS was determined from cDNA fragments amplified by reverse transcription (RT)-PCR, first using the degenerate primers for viruses of Closteroviridae and followed by degenerate and specific primers designed on available sequences of the ToCV isolates. The nucleotide (nt) sequences of RNA-1 and RNA-2 of the XS shared low identities of 77.8 to 78% and 78 to 78.1%, respectively, with genome segments of other ToCV isolates. Nevertheless, the viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), heat shock protein 70 homolog (Hsp70h), and major capsid protein (CP) shared 88.3 to 96.2% amino acid (aa) identities with other ToCV isolates, indicating that XS is a new strain of this virus. Phylogenetic analyses of these three proteins indicated that all ToCV isolates from different counties outside Taiwan are closely related and clustered in the same clade, whereas the XS isolate is distinct and forms a unique branch. A one tube RT-PCR assay using primers designed from the genomic sequence of the XS was able to detect the ToCV-XS in infected tomato plants and in individual whiteflies. A field survey during 2013 to 2016 revealed a high ToCV-XS prevalence of 60.5% in 172 tested tomato samples, demonstrating that ToCV-XS is becoming an emerging threat for tomato production in Taiwan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Chi Kang
- Department of Plant Pathology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Chi Wang
- Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Wufeng, Taichung 41354, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Ming Hsia
- Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Wufeng, Taichung 41354, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Shi Tsai
- Department of Plant Medicine, National Chiayi University, Chiayi 60004, Taiwan
| | - Li-Hsin Huang
- Taiwan Agricultural Chemicals and Toxic Substances Research Institute, Wufeng, Taichung 41358, Taiwan
| | - Shyi-Dong Yeh
- Department of Plant Pathology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Chi Chen
- Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Wufeng, Taichung 41354, Taiwan, and Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
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Xin M, Cao M, Liu W, Ren Y, Zhou X, Wang X. Two Negative-Strand RNA Viruses Identified in Watermelon Represent a Novel Clade in the Order Bunyavirales. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:1514. [PMID: 28848524 PMCID: PMC5552725 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Two novel negative-sense, single-stranded (ss) RNA viruses were identified in watermelon plants and named watermelon crinkle leaf-associated virus 1 and 2 (WCLaV-1 and -2), respectively. The multipartite genomes consist of three RNA molecules of ~6.8, 1.4, and 1.3 kb. The genomes and the deduced proteins of RNA1 and RNA3 show features resembling those of members in the genus Phlebovirus and Tenuivirus; however, the predicted proteins encoded by RNA2 are related to the movement protein (MP) in the genus Ophiovirus and Emaravirus. Furthermore, these two viruses define a novel clade in the family Phenuiviridae, order Bunyavirales, which is phylogenetically related to the viruses in the above four genera. Moreover, after mechanical inoculation with WCLaV-1 seedlings of the natural host watermelon plants develop crinkling similar to those observed in the field. These findings enhance our understanding of the evolution and the classification of ssRNA viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Xin
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing, China
| | - Mengji Cao
- National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Citrus Research Institute, Southwest UniversityChongqing, China
| | - Wenwen Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing, China
| | - Yingdang Ren
- Institute of Plant Protection, Henan Academy of Agricultural SciencesZhengzhou, China
| | - Xueping Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing, China
| | - Xifeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing, China
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Chou WC, Lin SS, Yeh SD, Li SL, Peng YC, Fan YH, Chen TC. Characterization of the genome of a phylogenetically distinct tospovirus and its interactions with the local lesion-induced host Chenopodium quinoa by whole-transcriptome analyses. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0182425. [PMID: 28771638 PMCID: PMC5542687 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0182425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Chenopodium quinoa is a natural local lesion host of numerous plant viruses, including tospoviruses (family Bunyaviridae). Groundnut chlorotic fan-spot tospovirus (GCFSV) has been shown to consistently induce local lesions on the leaves of C. quinoa 4 days post-inoculation (dpi). To reveal the whole genome of GCFSV and its interactions with C. quinoa, RNA-seq was performed to determine the transcriptome profiles of C. quinoa leaves. The high-throughput reads from infected C. quinoa leaves were used to identify the whole genome sequence of GCFSV and its single nucleotide polymorphisms. Our results indicated that GCFSV is a phylogenetically distinct tospovirus. Moreover, 27,170 coding and 29,563 non-coding sequences of C. quinoa were identified through de novo assembly, mixing reads from mock and infected samples. Several key genes involved in the modulation of hypersensitive response (HR) were identified. The expression levels of 4,893 deduced complete genes annotated using the Arabidopsis genome indicated that several HR-related orthologues of pathogenesis-related proteins, transcription factors, mitogen-activated protein kinases, and defense proteins were significantly expressed in leaves that formed local lesions. Here, we also provide new insights into the replication progression of a tospovirus and the molecular regulation of the C. quinoa response to virus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Chen Chou
- Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Wufeng, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Shun Lin
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, Taiwan
| | - Shyi-Dong Yeh
- Department of Plant Pathology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- NCHU-UCD Plant and Food Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Siang-Ling Li
- Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Wufeng, Taichung, Taiwan
| | | | - Ya-Hsu Fan
- Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Wufeng, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Chi Chen
- Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Wufeng, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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Chen YH, Dong J, Chien WC, Zheng K, Wu K, Yeh SD, Sun JH, Wang YC, Chen TC. Monoclonal antibodies for differentiating infections of three serological-related tospoviruses prevalent in Southwestern China. Virol J 2016; 13:72. [PMID: 27121504 PMCID: PMC4848788 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-016-0525-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The thrips-borne tospoviruses Calla lily chlorotic spot virus (CCSV), Tomato zonate spot virus (TZSV) and a new species provisionally named Tomato necrotic spot associated virus (TNSaV) infect similar crops in southwestern China. The symptoms exhibiting on virus-infected crops are similar, which is difficult for distinguishing virus species by symptomatology. The sequences of nucleocapsid proteins (NPs) of CCSV, TNSaV and TZSV share high degrees of amino acid identity with each other, and their serological relationship was currently demonstrated from the responses of the previously reported monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against the NP of CCSV (MAb-CCSV-NP) and the nonstructural NSs protein of Watermelon silver mottle virus (WSMoV) (MAb-WNSs). Therefore, the production of virus-specific antibodies for identification of CCSV, TNSaV and TZSV is demanded to improve field surveys. METHODS The NP of TZSV-13YV639 isolated from Crinum asiaticum in Yunnan Province, China was bacterially expressed and purified for producing MAbs. Indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and immunoblotting were conducted to test the serological response of MAbs to 18 tospovirus species. Additionally, the virus-specific primers were designed to verify the identity of CCSV, TNSaV and TZSV in one-step reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). RESULTS Two MAbs, denoted MAb-TZSV-NP(S15) and MAb-TZSV-NP(S18), were screened for test. MAb-TZSV-NP(S15) reacted with CCSV and TZSV while MAb-TZSV-NP(S18) reacted specifically to TZSV in both indirect ELISA and immunoblotting. Both MAbs can be used to detect TZSV in field-collected plant samples. The epitope of MAb-TZSV-NP(S18) was further identified consisting of amino acids 78-86 (HKIVASGAD) of the TZSV-13YV639 NP that is a highly conserved region among known TZSV isolates but is distinct from TNSaV and TZSV. CONCLUSIONS In this study, two MAbs targeting to different portions of the TZSV NP were obtained. Unlike MAb-CCSV-NP reacted with TNSaV as well as CCSV and TZSV, both TZSV MAbs can be used to differentiate CCSV, TNSaV and TZSV. The identity of CCSV, TNSaV and TZSV was proven by individual virus-specific primer pairs to indicate the correctness of serological responses. We also proposed an serological detection platform using MAb-CCSV-NP, MAb-TZSV-NP(S15) and MAb-TZSV-NP(S18) to allow researchers and quarantine staff to efficiently diagnose the infections of CCSV, TNSaV and TZSV in China and other countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Han Chen
- />Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Wufeng Taichung, 41354 Taiwan
| | - Jiahong Dong
- />Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Southwestern Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Innovation of Ministry of Agriculture, Biotechnology and Germplasm Resources Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, 650223 China
| | - Wan-Chu Chien
- />Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Wufeng Taichung, 41354 Taiwan
| | - Kuanyu Zheng
- />Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Southwestern Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Innovation of Ministry of Agriculture, Biotechnology and Germplasm Resources Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, 650223 China
| | - Kuo Wu
- />Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Southwestern Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Innovation of Ministry of Agriculture, Biotechnology and Germplasm Resources Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, 650223 China
| | - Shyi-Dong Yeh
- />Department of Plant Pathology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 40227 Taiwan
- />NCHU-UCD Plant and Food Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 40227 Taiwan
| | - Jing-Hua Sun
- />Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Wufeng Taichung, 41354 Taiwan
| | - Yun-Chi Wang
- />Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Wufeng Taichung, 41354 Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Chi Chen
- />Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Wufeng Taichung, 41354 Taiwan
- />Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402 Taiwan
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Wu PR, Chien WC, Okuda M, Takeshita M, Yeh SD, Wang YC, Chen TC. Genetic and serological characterization of chrysanthemum stem necrosis virus, a member of the genus Tospovirus. Arch Virol 2015; 160:529-36. [PMID: 25427981 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-014-2287-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2014] [Accepted: 11/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Chrysanthemum stem necrosis virus (CSNV) is a member of a tentative tospovirus species. In this study, the complete genomic sequence of the Japanese CSNV isolate TcCh07A was determined. The L RNA is 8960 nt long and encodes the 331.0-kDa RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. The M RNA is 4828 nt long and encodes the 34.1-kDa movement protein (NSm) and the 127.7-kDa glycoprotein precursor (Gn/Gc). The S RNA is 2949 nt long and encodes the 52.4-kDa silencing suppressor protein (NSs) and the 29.3-kDa nucleocapsid (N) protein. The N protein of CSNV-TcCh07A was purified from virus-infected plant tissues and used for production of a rabbit polyclonal antiserum (RAs) and a monoclonal antibody (MAb). Results of serological tests by indirect ELISA and western blotting using the prepared RAs and MAb and a previously produced RAs against the N protein of tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) indicated that CSNV-TcCh07A, TSWV, tomato chlorotic spot virus, groundnut ringspot virus, alstroemeria necrotic streak virus and impatiens necrotic spot virus are serologically related.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Ru Wu
- Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Wufeng, Taichung, 41354, Taiwan
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Peng JC, Chen TC, Raja JAJ, Yang CF, Chien WC, Lin CH, Liu FL, Wu HW, Yeh SD. Broad-spectrum transgenic resistance against distinct tospovirus species at the genus level. PLoS One 2014; 9:e96073. [PMID: 24811071 PMCID: PMC4014477 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0096073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2013] [Accepted: 04/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Thrips-borne tospoviruses cause severe damage to crops worldwide. In this investigation, tobacco lines transgenic for individual WLm constructs containing the conserved motifs of the L RNA-encoded RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (L) gene of Watermelon silver mottle virus (WSMoV) were generated by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. The WLm constructs included: (i) translatable WLm in a sense orientation; (ii) untranslatable WLmt with two stop codons; (iii) untranslatable WLmts with stop codons and a frame-shift; (iv) untranslatable antisense WLmA; and (v) WLmhp with an untranslatable inverted repeat of WLm containing the tospoviral S RNA 3'-terminal consensus sequence (5'-ATTGCTCT-3') and an NcoI site as a linker to generate a double-stranded hairpin transcript. A total of 46.7-70.0% transgenic tobacco lines derived from individual constructs showed resistance to the homologous WSMoV; 35.7-100% plants of these different WSMoV-resistant lines exhibited broad-spectrum resistance against four other serologically unrelated tospoviruses Tomato spotted wilt virus, Groundnut yellow spot virus, Impatiens necrotic spot virus and Groundnut chlorotic fan-spot virus. The selected transgenic tobacco lines also exhibited broad-spectrum resistance against five additional tospoviruses from WSMoV and Iris yellow spot virus clades, but not against RNA viruses from other genera. Northern analyses indicated that the broad-spectrum resistance is mediated by RNA silencing. To validate the L conserved region resistance in vegetable crops, the constructs were also used to generate transgenic tomato lines, which also showed effective resistance against WSMoV and other tospoviruses. Thus, our approach of using the conserved motifs of tospoviral L gene as a transgene generates broad-spectrum resistance against tospoviruses at the genus level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jui-Chu Peng
- Department of Plant Pathology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Division of Crop Environment, Tainan District Agricultural Research and Extension Station, COA, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Chi Chen
- Department of Plant Pathology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Wufeng, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Joseph A. J. Raja
- Agricultural Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- NCHU-UCD Plant and Food Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Fu Yang
- Department of Plant Pathology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Agricultural Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Chu Chien
- NCHU-UCD Plant and Food Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Hsuan Lin
- Department of Plant Pathology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Fang-Lin Liu
- Department of Plant Pathology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Wen Wu
- Department of Plant Pathology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shyi-Dong Yeh
- Department of Plant Pathology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Agricultural Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Abstract
The number of virus species infecting pepper (Capsicum spp.) crops and their incidences has increased considerably over the past 30 years, particularly in tropical and subtropical pepper production systems. This is probably due to a combination of factors, including the expansion and intensification of pepper cultivation in these regions, the increased volume and speed of global trade of fresh produce (including peppers) carrying viruses and vectors to new locations, and perhaps climate change expanding the geographic range suitable for the viruses and vectors. With the increased incidences of diverse virus species comes increased incidences of coinfection with two or more virus species in the same plant. There is then greater chance of synergistic interactions between virus species, increasing symptom severity and weakening host resistance, as well as the opportunity for genetic recombination and component exchange and a possible increase in aggressiveness, virulence, and transmissibility. The main virus groups infecting peppers are transmitted by aphids, whiteflies, or thrips, and a feature of many populations of these vector groups is that they can develop resistance to some of the commonly used insecticides relatively quickly. This, coupled with the increasing concern over the impact of over- or misuse of insecticides on the environment, growers, and consumers, means that there should be less reliance on insecticides to control the vectors of viruses infecting pepper crops. To improve the durability of pepper crop protection measures, there should be a shift away from the broadscale use of insecticides and the use of single, major gene resistance to viruses. Instead, integrated and pragmatic virus control measures should be sought that combine (1) cultural practices that reduce sources of virus inoculum and decrease the rate of spread of viruliferous vectors into the pepper crop, (2) synthetic insecticides, which should be used judiciously and only when the plants are young and most susceptible to infection, (3) appropriate natural products and biocontrol agents to induce resistance in the plants, affect the behavior of the vector insects, or augment the local populations of parasites or predators of the virus vectors, and (4) polygenic resistances against viruses and vector insects with pyramided single-gene virus resistances to improve resistance durability.
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13
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Chen TC, Li JT, Fan YS, Yeh YC, Yeh SD, Kormelink R. Molecular characterization of the full-length L and M RNAs of Tomato yellow ring virus, a member of the genus Tospovirus. Virus Genes 2013; 46:487-95. [PMID: 23334441 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-013-0880-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2012] [Accepted: 01/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Tomato yellow ring virus (TYRV), first isolated from tomato in Iran, was classified as a non-approved species of the genus Tospovirus based on the characterization of its genomic S RNA. In the current study, the complete sequences of the genomic L and M RNAs of TYRV were determined and analyzed. The L RNA has 8,877 nucleotides (nt) and codes in the viral complementary (vc) strand for the putative RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) of 2,873 amino acids (aa) (331 kDa). The RdRp of TYRV shares the highest aa sequence identity (88.7 %) with that of Iris yellow spot virus (IYSV), and contains conserved motifs shared with those of the animal-infecting bunyaviruses. The M RNA contains 4,786 nt and codes in ambisense arrangement for the NSm protein of 308 aa (34.5 kDa) in viral sense, and the Gn/Gc glycoprotein precursor (GP) of 1,310 aa (128 kDa) in vc-sense. Phylogenetic analyses indicated that TYRV is closely clustered with IYSV and Polygonum ringspot virus (PolRSV). The NSm and GP of TYRV share the highest aa sequence identity with those of IYSV and PolRSV (89.9 and 80.2-86.5 %, respectively). Moreover, the GPs of TYRV, IYSV, and PolRSV share highly similar characteristics, among which an identical deduced N-terminal protease cleavage site that is distinct from all tospoviral GPs analyzed thus far. Taken together, the elucidation of the complete genome sequence and biological features of TYRV support a close ancestral relationship with IYSV and PolRSV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsung-Chi Chen
- Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Wufeng, Taichung, 41354, Taiwan.
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14
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Mandal B, Jain RK, Krishnareddy M, Krishna Kumar NK, Ravi KS, Pappu HR. Emerging Problems of Tospoviruses (Bunyaviridae) and their Management in the Indian Subcontinent. PLANT DISEASE 2012; 96:468-479. [PMID: 30727451 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-06-11-0520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- B Mandal
- Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - R K Jain
- Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - M Krishnareddy
- Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Bengaluru, India
| | - N K Krishna Kumar
- National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Insects, Bengaluru, India
| | - K S Ravi
- Mahyco Research Center, Dawalwadi, Post Box No. 76, Jalna, India
| | - H R Pappu
- Washington State University, Pullman, USA
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