1
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Kwak M, Troiano E, Kil EJ, Parrella G. High-throughput sequencing detected a virus-viroid complex in a single pokeweed plant. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1435611. [PMID: 39239202 PMCID: PMC11374604 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1435611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/07/2024]
Abstract
In this study, total RNA high-throughput sequencing (HTS) of a single symptomatic Phytolacca americana plant enabled the obtention of a nearly complete genome of two new isolates of turnip yellows virus (TuYV), named TuYV-ITA1 and TuYV-ITA2, and revealed a mixed infection with a new variant of citrus exocortis viroid (CEVd), named CEVd-ITA1. The TuYV-ITA2 isolate diverged from the known virus isolates of TuYV and showed variability in the P0 and P5 readthrough domain. Recombination analysis revealed its recombinant nature between TuYV and an unidentified polerovirus. The putative recombination event was identified in the P5 readthrough domain of the TuYMV-ITA2 isolate. Our results thus represent the first report of TuYV in Italy and some molecular evidence for the possible natural co-existence of TuYV and CEVd in a new natural host for both infectious entities. This study is adding further knowledge about the role of weed plants as virus reservoirs, and thus additional biological and impact studies would be desirable to determine in particular the role of P. americana in the spread of TuYV and if this virus should be considered a new threat for the susceptible Italian crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myeonghwan Kwak
- Department of Plant Medicals, Andong National University, Andong, Republic of Korea
| | - Elisa Troiano
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council, Portici, Italy
| | - Eui-Joon Kil
- Department of Plant Medicals, Andong National University, Andong, Republic of Korea
| | - Giuseppe Parrella
- Department of Plant Medicals, Andong National University, Andong, Republic of Korea
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2
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Wu J, Zhang Y, Li F, Zhang X, Ye J, Wei T, Li Z, Tao X, Cui F, Wang X, Zhang L, Yan F, Li S, Liu Y, Li D, Zhou X, Li Y. Plant virology in the 21st century in China: Recent advances and future directions. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 66:579-622. [PMID: 37924266 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
Plant viruses are a group of intracellular pathogens that persistently threaten global food security. Significant advances in plant virology have been achieved by Chinese scientists over the last 20 years, including basic research and technologies for preventing and controlling plant viral diseases. Here, we review these milestones and advances, including the identification of new crop-infecting viruses, dissection of pathogenic mechanisms of multiple viruses, examination of multilayered interactions among viruses, their host plants, and virus-transmitting arthropod vectors, and in-depth interrogation of plant-encoded resistance and susceptibility determinants. Notably, various plant virus-based vectors have also been successfully developed for gene function studies and target gene expression in plants. We also recommend future plant virology studies in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianguo Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Ecological Pest Control of Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Vector-borne Virus Research Center, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Yongliang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Soil Microbiology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Fangfang Li
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xiaoming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jian Ye
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Taiyun Wei
- State Key Laboratory for Ecological Pest Control of Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Vector-borne Virus Research Center, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Zhenghe Li
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xiaorong Tao
- Department of Plant Pathology, The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Feng Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xianbing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Soil Microbiology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Lili Zhang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Fei Yan
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Shifang Li
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yule Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Center for Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Dawei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Soil Microbiology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xueping Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yi Li
- State Key Laboratory for Ecological Pest Control of Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Vector-borne Virus Research Center, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
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3
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Pimenta RJG, Macleod K, Babb R, Coleman K, MacDonald J, Asare-Bediako E, Newbert MJ, Jenner CE, Walsh JA. Genetic Variation of Turnip Yellows Virus in Arable and Vegetable Brassica Crops, Perennial Wild Brassicas, and Aphid Vectors Collected from the Plants. PLANT DISEASE 2024; 108:616-623. [PMID: 37787684 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-05-23-0906-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Turnip yellows virus (TuYV; Polerovirus, Solemoviridae) infects and causes yield losses in a range of economically important crop species, particularly the Brassicaceae. It is persistently transmitted by several aphid species and is difficult to control. Although the incidence and genetic diversity of TuYV has been extensively investigated in recent years, little is known about how the diversity within host plants relates to that in its vectors. Arable oilseed rape (Brassica napus) and vegetable brassica plants (Brassica oleracea), wild cabbage (B. oleracea), and aphids present on these plants were sampled in the field in three regions of the United Kingdom. High levels of TuYV (82 to 97%) were detected in plants in all three regions following enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. TuYV was detected by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction in Brevicoryne brassicae aphids collected from plants, and TuYV sequences were obtained. Two TuYV open reading frames, ORF0 and ORF3, were partially sequenced from 15 plants, and from one aphid collected from each plant. Comparative analyses between TuYV sequences from host plants and B. brassicae collected from respective plants revealed differences between some ORF0 sequences, which possibly indicated that at least two of the aphids might not have been carrying the same TuYV isolates as those present in their host plants. Maximum likelihood phylogenetic analyses including published, the new TuYV sequences described above, 101 previously unpublished sequences of TuYV from oilseed rape in the United Kingdom, and 13 also previously unpublished sequences of TuYV from oilseed rape in Europe and China revealed three distinct major clades for ORF0 and one for ORF3, with some distinct subclades. Some clustering was related to geographic origin. Explanations for TuYV sequence differences between plants and the aphids present on respective plants and implications for the epidemiology and control of TuYV are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo J G Pimenta
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, CV35 9EF, Wellesbourne, U.K
- Centre for Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering, University of Campinas, 13083-875, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Kyle Macleod
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, CV35 9EF, Wellesbourne, U.K
| | - Robyn Babb
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, CV35 9EF, Wellesbourne, U.K
| | - Kaitlyn Coleman
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, CV35 9EF, Wellesbourne, U.K
| | - Joni MacDonald
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, CV35 9EF, Wellesbourne, U.K
| | - Elvis Asare-Bediako
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, CV35 9EF, Wellesbourne, U.K
- University of Energy and Natural Resources, Sunyani, Ghana
| | - Max J Newbert
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, CV35 9EF, Wellesbourne, U.K
| | - Carol E Jenner
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, CV35 9EF, Wellesbourne, U.K
| | - John A Walsh
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, CV35 9EF, Wellesbourne, U.K
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4
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Xu T, Yang X, Feng X, Luo H, Luo C, Jia MA, Lei L. Sensitive and Visual Detection of Brassica Yellows Virus Using Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification-Coupled CRISPR-Cas12 Assay. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2024; 114:474-483. [PMID: 37589413 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-06-23-0195-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Brassica yellows virus (BrYV) is an economically important virus on cruciferous species. In this study, a one-pot reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) assay coupled with the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas12a system was developed for the detection of BrYV. The limit of detection of this method reached 32.8 copies of the BrYV ORF5, which is 100-fold more sensitive than the RT-LAMP method. Moreover, there was no cross-reactivity with other rapeseed-infecting RNA viruses or poleroviruses. We dried the CRISPR/Cas12a reagent in a trehalose and pullulan mixture to retain its efficacy at the RT-LAMP temperature of 63°C in order to allow portable BrYV detection in a water bath. The entire process can be performed in about 1 h, and a positive result can be rapidly and conveniently detected using a handheld UV lamp. In the field, the RT-LAMP-CRISPR/Cas12a assay was accurate and had higher sensitivity than RT-LAMP and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction assays. The novel RT-LAMP-CRISPR/Cas12a assay allows convenient, portable, rapid, low-cost, highly sensitive, and specific detection of BrYV and has great potential for on-site monitoring of BrYV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tengzhi Xu
- Institute of Crop Protection, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Xiaolan Yang
- Institute of Crop Protection, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Xia Feng
- Institute of Crop Protection, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Hao Luo
- Institute of Crop Protection, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Chun Luo
- Institute of Crop Protection, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Meng-Ao Jia
- Guizhou Academy of Tobacco Sciences, Guiyang, Guizhou 550001, China
| | - Lei Lei
- Guizhou Rapeseed Institute, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang 550008, China
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5
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He MJ, Zuo DP, Zhang ZY, Wang Y, Han CG. Transcriptomic and Proteomic Analyses of Myzus persicae Carrying Brassica Yellows Virus. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:908. [PMID: 37508340 PMCID: PMC10376434 DOI: 10.3390/biology12070908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Viruses in the genus Polerovirus infect a wide range of crop plants and cause severe economic crop losses. BrYV belongs to the genus Polerovirus and is transmitted by Myzus persicae. However, the changes in transcriptome and proteome profiles of M. persicae during viral infection are unclear. Here, RNA-Seq and TMT-based quantitative proteomic analysis were performed to compare the differences between viruliferous and nonviruliferous aphids. In total, 1266 DEGs were identified at the level of transcription with 980 DEGs being upregulated and 286 downregulated in viruliferous aphids. At the protein level, among the 18 DEPs identified, the number of upregulated proteins in viruliferous aphids was twice that of the downregulated DEPs. Enrichment analysis indicated that these DEGs and DEPs were mainly involved in epidermal protein synthesis, phosphorylation, and various metabolic processes. Interestingly, the expressions of a number of cuticle proteins and tubulins were upregulated in viruliferous aphids. Taken together, our study revealed the complex regulatory network between BrYV and its vector M. persicae from the perspective of omics. These findings should be of great benefit to screening key factors involved in the process of virus circulation in aphids and provide new insights for BrYV prevention via vector control in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Jun He
- Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Deng-Pan Zuo
- Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zong-Ying Zhang
- Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Cheng-Gui Han
- Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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6
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Lu J, Zeng L, Holford P, Beattie GAC, Wang Y. Discovery of Brassica Yellows Virus and Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus in Diaphorina citri and Changes in Virome Due to Infection with ' Ca. L. asiaticus'. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0499622. [PMID: 36943045 PMCID: PMC10100913 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.04996-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Detection of new viruses or new virus hosts is essential for the protection of economically important agroecosystems and human health. Increasingly, metatranscriptomic data are being used to facilitate this process. Such data were obtained from adult Asian citrus psyllids (ACP) (Diaphorina citri Kuwayama) that fed solely on mandarin (Citrus ×aurantium L.) plants grafted with buds infected with 'Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus' (CLas), a phloem-limited bacterium associated with the severe Asian variant of huanglongbing (HLB), the most destructive disease of citrus. Brassica yellows virus (BrYV), the causative agent of yellowing or leafroll symptoms in brassicaceous plants, and its associated RNA (named as BrYVaRNA) were detected in ACP. In addition, the porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), which affects pigs and is economically important to pig production, was also found in ACP. These viruses were not detected in insects feeding on plants grafted with CLas-free buds. Changes in the concentrations of insect-specific viruses within the psyllid were caused by coinfection with CLas. IMPORTANCE The cross transmission of pathogenic viruses between different farming systems or plant communities is a major threat to plants and animals and, potentially, human health. The use of metagenomics is an effective approach to discover viruses and vectors. Here, we collected buds from the CLas-infected and CLas-free mandarin (Citrus ×aurantium L. [Rutaceae: Aurantioideae: Aurantieae]) trees from a commercial orchard and grafted them onto CLas-free mandarin plants under laboratory conditions. Through metatranscriptome sequencing, we first identified the Asian citrus psyllids feeding on plants grafted with CLas-infected buds carried the plant pathogen, brassica yellows virus and its associated RNA, and the swine pathogen, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. These discoveries indicate that both viruses can be transmitted by grafting and acquired by ACP from CLas+ mandarin seedlings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinming Lu
- College of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Linan, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Lixia Zeng
- College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Paul Holford
- School of Science, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
| | - George A. C. Beattie
- School of Science, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Yanjing Wang
- The Key Laboratory for Quality Improvement of Agricultural Products of Zhejiang Province, College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang A&F University, Linan, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Peng Q, Li W, Zhou X, Sun C, Hou Y, Hu M, Fu S, Zhang J, Kundu JK, Lei L. Genetic Diversity Analysis of Brassica Yellows Virus Causing Aberrant Color Symptoms in Oilseed Rape. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1008. [PMID: 36903869 PMCID: PMC10005696 DOI: 10.3390/plants12051008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of brassica yellow virus (BrYV) has increasingly damaged crucifer crops in China in recent years. In 2020, a large number of oilseed rape in Jiangsu showed aberrant leaf color. A combined RNA-seq and RT-PCR analysis identified BrYV as the major viral pathogen. A subsequent field survey showed that the average incidence of BrYV was 32.04%. In addition to BrYV, turnip mosaic virus (TuMV) was also frequently detected. As a result, two near full-length BrYV isolates, BrYV-814NJLH and BrYV-NJ13, were cloned. Based on the newly obtained sequences and the reported BrYV and turnip yellow virus (TuYV) isolates, a phylogenetic analysis was performed, and it was found that all BrYV isolates share a common root with TuYV. Pairwise amino acid identity analysis revealed that both P2 and P3 were conserved in BrYV. Additionally, recombination analysis revealed seven recombinant events in BrYV as TuYV. We also attempted to determine BrYV infection by quantitative leaf color index, but no significant correlation was found between the two. Systemic observations indicated that BrYV-infected plants had different symptoms, such as no symptom, purple stem base and red old leaves. Overall, our work proves that BrYV is closely related to TuYV and could be considered as an epidemic strain for oilseed rape in Jiangsu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Peng
- Key Laboratory of Cotton and Rapeseed, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Industrial Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Wei Li
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiaoying Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Cotton and Rapeseed, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Industrial Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Chengming Sun
- Key Laboratory of Cotton and Rapeseed, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Industrial Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Yan Hou
- Guizhou Rapeseed Institute, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang 550008, China
| | - Maolong Hu
- Key Laboratory of Cotton and Rapeseed, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Industrial Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Sanxiong Fu
- Key Laboratory of Cotton and Rapeseed, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Industrial Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Jiefu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cotton and Rapeseed, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Industrial Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Jiban Kumar Kundu
- Plant Virus and Vector Interactions-Centre for Plant Virus Research, Crop Research Institute, Drnovska 507/73, 161 06 Praha, Czech Republic
- Laboratory of Virology-Centre for Plant Virus Research, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Rozvojová 263, 165 02 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lei Lei
- Guizhou Rapeseed Institute, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang 550008, China
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Liu SY, Zuo DP, Zhang ZY, Wang Y, Han CG. Identification and Functional Analyses of Host Proteins Interacting with the P3a Protein of Brassica Yellows Virus. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:biology12020202. [PMID: 36829481 PMCID: PMC9952887 DOI: 10.3390/biology12020202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Viruses are obligate parasites that only undergo genomic replication in their host organisms. ORF3a, a newly identified non-AUG-initiated ORF encoded by members of the genus Polerovirus, is required for long-distance movement in plants. However, its interactions with host proteins still remain unclear. Here, we used Brassica yellows virus (BrYV)-P3a as bait to screen a plant split-ubiquitin-based membrane yeast two-hybrid (MYTH) cDNA library to explain the functional role of P3a in viral infections. In total, 138 genes with annotations were obtained. Bioinformatics analyses revealed that the genes from carbon fixation in photosynthetic, photosynthesis pathways, and MAPK signaling were affected. Furthermore, Arabidopsis thaliana purine permease 14 (AtPUP14), glucosinolate transporter 1 (AtGTR1), and nitrate transporter 1.7 (AtNRT1.7) were verified to interact with P3a in vivo. P3a and these three interacting proteins mainly co-localized in the cytoplasm. Expression levels of AtPUP14, AtGTR1, and AtNRT1.7 were significantly reduced in response to BrYV during the late stages of viral infection. In addition, we characterized the roles of AtPUP14, AtGTR1, and AtNRT1.7 in BrYV infection in A. thaliana using T-DNA insertion mutants, and the pup14, gtr1, and nrt1.7 mutants influenced BrYV infection to different degrees.
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9
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Zhao X, He C, Gao D, Xu T, Li X, Liu J, Li S, Wang H. Construction of Infectious cDNA Clone of Brassica Yellows Virus Isolated from Strawberry and Establishment of TaqMan RT-qPCR. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:3380. [PMID: 36501425 PMCID: PMC9735513 DOI: 10.3390/plants11233380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The natural host range for brassica yellows virus (BrYV) is generally limited to Cruciferae. However, we found that BrYV can naturally infect strawberry. The full-length genome sequences of BrYV-MB (accession No. MZ666129) and BrYV-HY (accession No. ON060762) identified in strawberry from Yantai and Beijing, China, were obtained by high-throughput sequencing (HTS) combined with the RT-PCR and RACE techniques. The complete genome sequences of BrYV-MB and BrYV-HY are 5666 nt and contain six open reading frames (ORFs). The two isolates have the highest nucleotide (nt) sequence identity of 99.0%. The infectious cDNA clone of BrYV-HY was constructed through homologous recombination and used to agroinfiltrate Nicotiana benthamiana and Arabidopsis thaliana. The inoculated leaves of N. benthamiana showed necrotic symptoms after 4 days of inoculation (dpi), and the systematic leaves of A. thaliana exhibited purple symptoms at 14 dpi. To develop a rapid and high-sensitive method for the detection of BrYV, a TaqMan real-time fluorescence quantitative RT-PCR method (TaqMan RT-qPCR) was established. Under optimum reaction conditions, the sensitivity of the detection was as low as 100 fg and approximately 100-fold more sensitive than the conventional RT-PCR, so it can be used in large-scale testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Zhao
- Department of Fruit Science, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Chengyong He
- Department of Fruit Science, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Dehang Gao
- Department of Fruit Science, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Tengfei Xu
- Department of Fruit Science, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiaofeng Li
- Department of Fruit Science, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Junjie Liu
- Department of Fruit Science, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shifang Li
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Hongqing Wang
- Department of Fruit Science, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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10
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Umar M, Tegg RS, Farooq T, Thangavel T, Wilson CR. Abundance of Poleroviruses within Tasmanian Pea Crops and Surrounding Weeds, and the Genetic Diversity of TuYV Isolates Found. Viruses 2022; 14:1690. [PMID: 36016314 PMCID: PMC9416036 DOI: 10.3390/v14081690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The genus Polerovirus contains positive-sense, single-stranded RNA plant viruses that cause significant disease in many agricultural crops, including vegetable legumes. This study aimed to identify and determine the abundance of Polerovirus species present within Tasmanian pea crops and surrounding weeds that may act as virus reservoirs. We further sought to examine the genetic diversity of TuYV, the most commonly occurring polerovirus identified. Pea and weed samples were collected during 2019-2020 between October and January from thirty-four sites across three different regions (far northwest, north, and midlands) of Tasmania and tested by RT-PCR assay, with selected samples subject to next-generation sequencing. Results revealed that the presence of polerovirus infection and the prevalence of TuYV in both weeds and pea crops varied across the three Tasmanian cropping regions, with TuYV infection levels in pea crops ranging between 0 and 27.5% of tested plants. Overall, two species members from each genus, Polerovirus and Potyvirus, one member from each of Luteovirus, Potexvirus, and Carlavirus, and an unclassified virus from the family Partitiviridae were also found as a result of NGS data analysis. Analysis of gene sequences of the P0 and P3 genes of Tasmanian TuYV isolates revealed substantial genetic diversity within the collection, with a few isolates appearing more closely aligned with BrYV isolates. Questions remain around the differentiation of TuYV and BrYV species. Phylogenetic inconsistency in the P0 and P3 ORFs supports the concept that recombination may have played a role in TuYV evolution in Tasmania. Results of the evolutionary analysis showed that the selection pressure was higher in the P0 gene than in the P3 gene, and the majority of the codons for each gene are evolving under purifying selection. Future full genome-based analyses of the genetic variations will expand our understanding of the evolutionary patterns existing among TuYV populations in Tasmania.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Umar
- New Town Research Laboratories, Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, 13 St. Johns Avenue, New Town, Hobart, TAS 7008, Australia; (M.U.); (R.S.T.); (T.T.)
| | - Robert S. Tegg
- New Town Research Laboratories, Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, 13 St. Johns Avenue, New Town, Hobart, TAS 7008, Australia; (M.U.); (R.S.T.); (T.T.)
| | - Tahir Farooq
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of High Technology for Plant Protection, Plant Protection Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China;
| | - Tamilarasan Thangavel
- New Town Research Laboratories, Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, 13 St. Johns Avenue, New Town, Hobart, TAS 7008, Australia; (M.U.); (R.S.T.); (T.T.)
- Department of Agriculture and Fisheries (Queensland), Bundaberg Research Facility, 49 Ashfield Road, Bundaberg, QLD 4670, Australia
| | - Calum R. Wilson
- New Town Research Laboratories, Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, 13 St. Johns Avenue, New Town, Hobart, TAS 7008, Australia; (M.U.); (R.S.T.); (T.T.)
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11
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Umar M, Farooq T, Tegg RS, Thangavel T, Wilson CR. Genomic Characterisation of an Isolate of Brassica Yellows Virus Associated with Brassica Weed in Tasmania. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:884. [PMID: 35406863 PMCID: PMC9003488 DOI: 10.3390/plants11070884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Brassica yellows virus (BrYV), a tentative species in the genus Polerovirus, of the Solemoviridae family, is a phloem-restricted and aphid-transmitted virus with at least three genotypes (A, B, and C). It has been found across mainland China, South Korea, and Japan. BrYV was previously undescribed in Tasmania, and its genetic variability in the state remains unknown. Here, we describe a near-complete genome sequence of BrYV (genotype A) isolated from Raphanus raphanistrum in Tasmania using next-generation sequencing and sanger sequencing of RT-PCR products. BrYV-Tas (GenBank Accession no. OM469309) possesses a genome of 5516 nucleotides (nt) and shares higher sequence identity (about 90%) with other BrYV isolates. Phylogenetic analyses showed variability in the clustering patterns of the individual genes of BrYV-Tas. Recombination analysis revealed beginning and ending breakpoints at nucleotide positions 1922 to 5234 nt, with the BrYV isolate LC428359 and BrYV isolate KY310572 identified as major and minor parents, respectively. Results of the evolutionary analysis showed that the majority of the codons for each gene are evolving under purifying selection, though a few codons were also detected to have positive selection pressure. Taken together, our findings will facilitate an understanding of the evolutionary dynamics and genetic diversity of BrYV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Umar
- New Town Research Laboratories, Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, 13 St. Johns Avenue, New Town, TAS 7008, Australia; (M.U.); (R.S.T.); (T.T.)
| | - Tahir Farooq
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of High Technology for Plant Protection, Plant Protection Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China;
| | - Robert S. Tegg
- New Town Research Laboratories, Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, 13 St. Johns Avenue, New Town, TAS 7008, Australia; (M.U.); (R.S.T.); (T.T.)
| | - Tamilarasan Thangavel
- New Town Research Laboratories, Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, 13 St. Johns Avenue, New Town, TAS 7008, Australia; (M.U.); (R.S.T.); (T.T.)
- Department of Agriculture and Fisheries (Queensland), Bundaberg Research Facility, 49 Ashfield Road, Bundaberg, QLD 4670, Australia
| | - Calum R. Wilson
- New Town Research Laboratories, Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, 13 St. Johns Avenue, New Town, TAS 7008, Australia; (M.U.); (R.S.T.); (T.T.)
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12
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He C, Zhao X, Fan L, Li S, Wang H. Strawberry, a New Natural Host of Brassica Yellows Virus in China. PLANT DISEASE 2022; 106:PDIS08211617PDN. [PMID: 34546771 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-08-21-1617-pdn] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chengyong He
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193
| | - Xiaoli Zhao
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193
| | - Lingjiao Fan
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193
| | - Shifang Li
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193
- Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101
| | - Hongqing Wang
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193
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13
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A Simple Method for the Acquisition and Transmission of Brassica Yellows Virus from Transgenic Plants and Frozen Infected Leaves by Aphids. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10091944. [PMID: 34579476 PMCID: PMC8471377 DOI: 10.3390/plants10091944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Brassica yellows virus (BrYV) is a tentative species of the genus Polerovirus, which occurs widely, and mostly damages Brassicaceae plants in East Asia. Because BrYV cannot be transmitted mechanically, an insect-based transmission method is required for further virus research. Here, a reliable and unrestricted method is described, in which non-viruliferous aphids (Myzus persicae) acquired BrYV from transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana, harboring the full-length viral genome germinated from seeds and its frozen leaves. The aphids then transmitted the virus to healthy plants. There was no significant difference in acquisition rates between fresh and frozen infected leaves, although the transmission rate from frozen infected leaves was lower compared to fresh infected leaves. This simple novel method may be used to preserve viral inocula, evaluate host varietal resistance to BrYV, and investigate interactions among BrYV, aphids, and hosts.
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14
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Genetic diversity and recombination between turnip yellows virus strains in Australia. Arch Virol 2021; 166:813-829. [PMID: 33481112 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-020-04931-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Disease outbreaks caused by turnip yellows virus (TuYV), a member of the genus Polerovirus, family Luteoviridae, regularly occur in canola and pulse crops throughout Australia. To understand the genetic diversity of TuYV for resistance breeding and management, genome sequences of 28 TuYV isolates from different hosts and locations were determined using high-throughput sequencing (HTS). We aimed to identify the parts of the genome that were most variable and clarify the taxonomy of viruses related to TuYV. Poleroviruses contain seven open reading frames (ORFs): ORF 0-2, 3a, and 3-5. Phylogenetic analysis based on the genome sequences, including isolates of TuYV and brassica yellows virus (BrYV) from the GenBank database, showed that most genetic variation among isolates occurred in ORF 5, followed by ORF 0 and ORF 3a. Phylogenetic analysis of ORF 5 revealed three TuYV groups; P5 group 1 and group 3 shared 45-49% amino acid sequence identity, and group 2 is a recombinant between the other two. Phylogenomic analysis of the concatenated ORFs showed that TuYV is paraphyletic with respect to BrYV, and together these taxa form a well-supported monophyletic group. Our results support the hypothesis that TuYV and BrYV belong to the same species and that the phylogenetic topologies of ORF 0, 3a and 5 are incongruent and may not be informative for species demarcation. A number of beet western yellow virus (BWYV)- and TuYV-associated RNAs (aRNA) were also identified by HTS for the first time in Australia.
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15
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Orfanidou CG, Lotos L, Tsiolakis G, Stefanidis SK, Tsialtas JT, Katis NI, Maliogka VI. Molecular characterization of poleroviruses isolated from oilseed rape in Greece. Virus Genes 2021; 57:289-292. [PMID: 33630229 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-021-01832-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
In 2018 virus-like symptoms, typical of polerovirus infection were observed in several oilseed rape crops in northern Greece. In order to identify the etiological agent of these symptoms a polerovirus-generic RT-PCR assay was applied. Sequencing of the amplicons revealed the presence of virus isolates genetically close to turnip yellows virus (TuYV). Further molecular characterization of the near complete genome of '1-2', 'Geo1', 'Geo7' and 'Geo15' isolates revealed that they share > 96% nt identity with various TuYV sequences. On the other hand, the fifth, characterized isolate from oilseed rape, termed '1-1', showed higher sequence similarity to brassica yellows virus (BrYV) regarding the 5' part of the complete coding sequence, whereas the 3' part was closely related to TuYV isolates. A recombination analysis using RDP indicated the presence of a putative breakpoint (nucleotide position 2964) in '1-1' genome and it is proposed that the virus isolate '1-1' might be an interspecies recombinant between BrYV and TuYV. To our knowledge, this is the first time that the complete coding sequences of Greek TuYV isolates have been determined and the first detection of a BrYV/TuYV recombinant isolate infecting oilseed rape in Greece.
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Affiliation(s)
- C G Orfanidou
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, School of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - L Lotos
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, School of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - G Tsiolakis
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, School of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - S K Stefanidis
- Laboratory of Agronomy, School of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - J T Tsialtas
- Laboratory of Agronomy, School of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - N I Katis
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, School of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - V I Maliogka
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, School of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece.
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16
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Li Y, Sun Q, Zhao T, Xiang H, Zhang X, Wu Z, Zhou C, Zhang X, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Wang X, Li D, Yu J, Dinesh‐Kumar SP, Han C. Interaction between Brassica yellows virus silencing suppressor P0 and plant SKP1 facilitates stability of P0 in vivo against degradation by proteasome and autophagy pathways. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2019; 222:1458-1473. [PMID: 30664234 PMCID: PMC6593998 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
P0 protein of some polerovirus members can target ARGONAUTE1 (AGO1) to suppress RNA silencing. Although P0 harbors an F-box-like motif reported to be essential for interaction with S phase kinase-associated protein 1 (SKP1) and RNA silencing suppression, it is the autophagy pathway that was shown to contribute to AGO1 degradation. Therefore, the role of P0-SKP1 interaction in silencing suppression remains unclear. We conducted global mutagenesis and comparative functional analysis of P0 encoded by Brassica yellows virus (BrYV) (P0Br ). We found that several residues within P0Br are required for local and systemic silencing suppression activities. Remarkably, the F-box-like motif mutant of P0Br , which failed to interact with SKP1, is destabilized in vivo. Both the 26S proteasome system and autophagy pathway play a role in destabilization of the mutant protein. Furthermore, silencing of a Nicotiana benthamiana SKP1 ortholog leads to the destabilization of P0Br . Genetic analyses indicated that the P0Br -SKP1 interaction is not directly required for silencing suppression activity of P0Br , but it facilitates stability of P0Br to ensure efficient RNA silencing suppression. Consistent with these findings, efficient systemic infection of BrYV requires P0Br . Our results reveal a novel strategy used by BrYV for facilitating viral suppressors of RNA silencing stability against degradation by plant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Agro‐Biotechnology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green ManagementChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing100193China
| | - Qian Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Agro‐Biotechnology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green ManagementChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing100193China
| | - Tianyu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Agro‐Biotechnology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green ManagementChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing100193China
| | - Haiying Xiang
- State Key Laboratory for Agro‐Biotechnology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green ManagementChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing100193China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Agro‐Biotechnology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green ManagementChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing100193China
| | - Zhanyu Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Agro‐Biotechnology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green ManagementChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing100193China
| | - Cuiji Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Agro‐Biotechnology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green ManagementChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing100193China
| | - Xin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Agro‐Biotechnology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green ManagementChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing100193China
| | - Ying Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Agro‐Biotechnology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green ManagementChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing100193China
| | - Yongliang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agro‐Biotechnology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Soil MicrobiologyCollege of Biological SciencesChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing100193China
| | - Xianbing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agro‐Biotechnology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Soil MicrobiologyCollege of Biological SciencesChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing100193China
| | - Dawei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agro‐Biotechnology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Soil MicrobiologyCollege of Biological SciencesChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing100193China
| | - Jialin Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Agro‐Biotechnology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Soil MicrobiologyCollege of Biological SciencesChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing100193China
| | - Savithramma P. Dinesh‐Kumar
- Department of Plant Biology and The Genome CenterCollege of Biological SciencesUniversity of California, DavisDavisCA95616USA
| | - Chenggui Han
- State Key Laboratory for Agro‐Biotechnology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green ManagementChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing100193China
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17
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Wang Q, Xu FZ, An LL, Xiang HY, Zhang WH, Liu GS, Liu HB. Molecular characterization of a new recombinant brassica yellows virus infecting tobacco in China. Virus Genes 2019; 55:253-256. [PMID: 30697673 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-019-01636-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Brassica yellows virus (BrYV), prevalently distributed throughout mainland China and South Korea while triggering serious diseases in cruciferous crops, is proposed to be a new species in the genus Polerovirus within the family Luteoviridae. There are three distinct genotypes (BrYV-A, BrYV-B and BrYV-C) reported in cabbage and radish. Here, we describe a new BrYV isolate infecting tobacco plants in the field, which was named BrYV-NtabQJ. The complete genome sequence of BrYV-NtabQJ is 5741 nt in length, and 89% of the sequence shares higher sequence identities (about 90%) with different BrYV isolates. However, it possesses a quite divergent region within ORF5, which is more close to Beet western yellows virus (BWYV), Beet mild yellowing virus (BMYV) and Beet chlorosis virus (BChV). A significant recombination event was then detected among BrYV-NtabQJ, BrYV-B Beijng isolate (BrYV-BBJ) and BWYV Leonurus sibiricus isolate (BWYV-LS). It is proposed that BrYV-NtabQJ might be an interspecific recombinant between BrYV-BBJ and BWYV-LS, and the recombination might result in the successful aphid transmission of BrYV from cruciferous crops to tobacco. And it also poses new challenges for BrYV diagnosis and the vegetable production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wang
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang-Zheng Xu
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu-Lu An
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai-Ying Xiang
- Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Science, Kunming, 650106, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Hua Zhang
- Vegetable and Flower Research Institute of Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ji'nan, 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - Guan-Shan Liu
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hao-Bao Liu
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, People's Republic of China.
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18
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Brassica yellows virus' movement protein upregulates anthocyanin accumulation, leading to the development of purple leaf symptoms on Arabidopsis thaliana. Sci Rep 2018; 8:16273. [PMID: 30389981 PMCID: PMC6215002 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-34591-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Poleroviruses are widely distributed and often of great economic importance because they cause a variety of symptoms, such as the rolling of young leaves, leaf color changes, and plant decline, in infected plants. However, the molecular mechanism behind these viral-induced symptoms is still unknown. Here, we verified the pathogenicity of the polerovirus Brassica yellows virus (BrYV) by transforming its full-length amplicon into Arabidopsis thaliana, which resulted in many abnormal phenotypes. To better understand the interactions between BrYV and its host, global transcriptome profiles of the transgenic plants were compared with that of non-transgenic Arabidopsis plants. An association between the BrYV- induced purple leaf symptoms and the activation of anthocyanin biosynthesis was noted. Using the transgenic approach, we found that movement protein of BrYV was responsible for the induction of these coloration symptoms. Collectively, our findings demonstrate the BrYV’ pathogenicity and show that the BrYV-induced purple leaf symptom resulted from its movement protein stimulating anthocyanin accumulation.
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19
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Sun Q, Li YY, Wang Y, Zhao HH, Zhao TY, Zhang ZY, Li DW, Yu JL, Wang XB, Zhang YL, Han CG. Brassica yellows virus P0 protein impairs the antiviral activity of NbRAF2 in Nicotiana benthamiana. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2018; 69:3127-3139. [PMID: 29659986 PMCID: PMC5972614 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ery131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/24/2018] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
In interactions between poleroviruses and their hosts, few cellular proteins have been identified that directly interact with the multifunctional virus P0 protein. To help explore the functions of P0, we identified a Brassica yellows virus genotype A (BrYV-A) P0BrA-interacting protein from Nicotiana benthamiana, Rubisco assembly factor 2 (NbRAF2), which localizes in the nucleus, cell periphery, chloroplasts, and stromules. We found that its C-terminal domain (amino acids 183-211) is required for self-interaction. A split ubiquitin membrane-bound yeast two-hybrid system and co-immunoprecipitation assays showed that NbRAF2 interacted with P0BrA, and co-localized in the nucleus and at the cell periphery. Interestingly, the nuclear pool of NbRAF2 decreased in the presence of P0BrA and during BrYV-A infection, and the P0BrA-mediated reduction of nuclear NbRAF2 required dual localization of NbRAF2 in the chloroplasts and nucleus. Tobacco rattle virus-based virus-induced gene silencing of NbRAF2 promoted BrYV-A infection in N. benthamiana, and the overexpression of nuclear NbRAF2 inhibited BrYV-A accumulation. Potato leafroll virus P0PL also interacted with NbRAF2 and decreased its nuclear accumulation, indicating that NbRAF2 may be a common target of poleroviruses. These results suggest that nuclear NbRAF2 possesses antiviral activity against BrYV-A infection, and that BrYV-A P0BrA interacts with NbRAF2 and alters its localization pattern to facilitate virus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Agro-biotechnology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Agro-biotechnology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Ying Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Agro-biotechnology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Hang-Hai Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Agro-biotechnology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Tian-Yu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Agro-biotechnology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Zong-Ying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Agro-biotechnology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Da-Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agro-Biotechnology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Soil Microbiology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P. R., China
| | - Jia-Lin Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Agro-Biotechnology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Soil Microbiology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P. R., China
| | - Xian-Bing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agro-Biotechnology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Soil Microbiology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P. R., China
| | - Yong-Liang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agro-Biotechnology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Soil Microbiology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P. R., China
| | - Cheng-Gui Han
- State Key Laboratory for Agro-biotechnology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P. R. China
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20
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Zhang XY, Zhao TY, Li YY, Xiang HY, Dong SW, Zhang ZY, Wang Y, Li DW, Yu JL, Han CG. The Conserved Proline18 in the Polerovirus P3a Is Important for Brassica Yellows Virus Systemic Infection. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:613. [PMID: 29670592 PMCID: PMC5893644 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
ORF3a, a newly identified non-AUG-initiated ORF encoded by members of genera Polerovirus and Luteovirus, is required for long-distance movement in plants. However, the mechanism of action of P3a in viral systemic movement is still not clear. In this study, sequencing of a brassica yellows virus (BrYV) mutant defective in systemic infection revealed two-nucleotide variation at positions 3406 and 3467 in the genome. Subsequent nucleotide substitution analysis proved that only the non-synonymous substitution (C→U) at position 3406, resulting in P3aP18L, abolished the systemic infection of BrYV. Preliminary investigation showed that wild type BrYV was able to load into the petiole of the agroinfiltrated Nicotiana benthamiana leaves, whereas the mutant displayed very low efficiency. Further experiments revealed that the P3a and its mutant P3aP18L localized to the Golgi apparatus and near plasmodesmata, as well as the endoplasmic reticulum. Both P3a and P3aP18L were able to self-interact in vivo, however, the mutant P3aP18L seemed to form more stable dimer than wild type. More interestingly, we confirmed firstly that the ectopic expression of P3a of other poleroviruses and luteoviruses, as well as co-infection with Pea enation mosaic virus 2 (PEMV 2), restored the ability of systemic movement of BrYV P3a defective mutant, indicating that the P3a is functionally conserved in poleroviruses and luteoviruses and is redundant when BrYV co-infects with PEMV 2. These observations provide a novel insight into the conserved function of P3a and its underlying mechanism in the systemic infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Cheng-Gui Han
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology–Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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21
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Zhou CJ, Zhang XY, Liu SY, Wang Y, Li DW, Yu JL, Han CG. Synergistic infection of BrYV and PEMV 2 increases the accumulations of both BrYV and BrYV-derived siRNAs in Nicotiana benthamiana. Sci Rep 2017; 7:45132. [PMID: 28345652 PMCID: PMC5366869 DOI: 10.1038/srep45132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Viral synergism is caused by co-infection of two unrelated viruses, leading to more severe symptoms or increased titres of one or both viruses. Synergistic infection of phloem-restricted poleroviruses and umbraviruses has destructive effects on crop plants. The mechanism underlying this synergy remains elusive. In our study, synergism was observed in co-infections of a polerovirus Brassica yellows virus (BrYV) and an umbravirus Pea enation mosaic virus 2 (PEMV 2) on Nicotiana benthamiana, which led to (1) increased titres of BrYV, (2) appearance of severe symptoms, (3) gain of mechanical transmission capacity of BrYV, (4) broader distribution of BrYV to non-vascular tissues. Besides, profiles of virus-derived small interfering RNAs (vsiRNAs) from BrYV and PEMV 2 in singly and doubly infected plants were obtained by small RNA deep sequencing. Our results showed that accumulation of BrYV vsiRNAs increased tremendously and ratio of positive to negative strand BrYV vsiRNAs differed between singly infected and co-infected plants. Positions to which the BrYV vsiRNAs mapped to the viral genome varied considerably during synergistic infection. Moreover, target genes of vsiRNAs were predicted and annotated. Our results revealed the synergistic characteristics during co-infection of BrYV and PEMV 2, and implied possible effects of synergism have on vsiRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cui-Ji Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Agro-Biotechnology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory for Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Yan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Agro-Biotechnology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory for Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
| | - Song-Yu Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Agro-Biotechnology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory for Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
| | - Ying Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Agro-Biotechnology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory for Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
| | - Da-Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory for Agro-Biotechnology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory for Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
| | - Jia-Lin Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Agro-Biotechnology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory for Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
| | - Cheng-Gui Han
- State Key Laboratory for Agro-Biotechnology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory for Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
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22
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Zhang X, Peng Y, Wang Y, Zhang Z, Li D, Yu J, Han C. Simultaneous detection and differentiation of three genotypes of Brassica yellows virus by multiplex reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Virol J 2016; 13:189. [PMID: 27876078 PMCID: PMC5120529 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-016-0647-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brassica yellows virus (BrYV), proposed to be a new polerovirus species, three distinct genotypes (BrYV-A, BrYV-B and BrYV-C) have been described. This study was to develop a simple, rapid, sensitive, cost-effective method for simultaneous detection and differentiation of three genotypes of BrYV. RESULTS In this study, a multiplex reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (mRT-PCR) was developed for simultaneous detection and differentiation of the three genotypes of BrYV. The three genotypes of BrYV and Tunip yellows virus (TuYV) could be differentiated simultaneously using six optimized specific oligonucleotide primers, including one universal primer for detecting BrYV, three BrYV genotype-specific primers, and a pair of primers for specific detection of TuYV. Primers were designed from conserved regions of each virus and their specificity was confirmed by sequencing PCR products. The mRT-PCR products were 278 bp for BrYV-A, 674 bp for BrYV-B, 505 bp for BrYV-C, and 205 bp for TuYV. Amplification of three target genotypes was optimized by increasing the PCR annealing temperatures to 62 °C. One to three fragments specific for the virus genotypes were simultaneously amplified from infected samples and identified by their specific molecular sizes in agarose gel electrophoresis. No specific products could be amplified from cDNAs of other viruses which could infect crucifer crops. Detection limits of the plasmids for multiplex PCR were 100 fg for BrYV-A and BrYV-B, 10 pg for BrYV-C, and 1 pg for TuYV, respectively. The mRT-PCR was applied successfully for detection of three BrYV genotypes from field samples collected in China. CONCLUSIONS The simple, rapid, sensitive, and cost-effective mRT-PCR was developed successfully for detection and differentiation of the three genotypes of BrYV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory for Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanmei Peng
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory for Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory for Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zongying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory for Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Dawei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jialin Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Chenggui Han
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory for Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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23
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Lotos L, Maliogka VI, Katis NI. New poleroviruses associated with yellowing symptoms in different vegetable crops in Greece. Arch Virol 2016; 161:431-6. [PMID: 26530834 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-015-2662-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 10/25/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Four poleroviral isolates from Greece, two from lettuce, one from spinach and one from watermelon showing yellowing symptoms, were molecularly characterized by analyzing the sequence of a large part of the genome spanning from the 3'-terminal part of the RdRp to the end of the CP gene. The sequences were analyzed for their similarity and phylogenetic relationships to other members of the genus Polerovirus as well as for evidence of recombination events. The results revealed the existence of two putatively new viruses: one from lettuce and one from spinach, provisionally named "lettuce yellows virus" and "spinach yellows virus", respectively. Also, a new recombinant virus infecting lettuce, herein named "lettuce mild yellows virus", and a watermelon isolate of pepo aphid-borne yellows virus (PABYV) were identified. Our study highlights the existence of high genetic diversity within the genus Polerovirus, which could be associated with the emergence of new viral diseases in various crops worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Lotos
- Plant Pathology Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, School of Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Environment, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloníki, Greece
| | - V I Maliogka
- Plant Pathology Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, School of Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Environment, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloníki, Greece.
| | - N I Katis
- Plant Pathology Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, School of Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Environment, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloníki, Greece
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24
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Zhang XY, Dong SW, Xiang HY, Chen XR, Li DW, Yu JL, Han CG. Development of three full-length infectious cDNA clones of distinct brassica yellows virus genotypes for agrobacterium-mediated inoculation. Virus Res 2015; 197:13-6. [PMID: 25499296 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2014.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2014] [Revised: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 12/02/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Brassica yellows virus is a newly identified species in the genus of Polerovirus within the family Luteoviridae. Brassica yellows virus (BrYV) is prevalently distributed throughout Mainland China and South Korea, is an important virus infecting cruciferous crops. Based on six BrYV genomic sequences of isolates from oilseed rape, rutabaga, radish, and cabbage, three genotypes, BrYV-A, BrYV-B, and BrYV-C, exist, which mainly differ in the 5' terminal half of the genome. BrYV is an aphid-transmitted and phloem-limited virus. The use of infectious cDNA clones is an alternative means of infecting plants that allows reverse genetic studies to be performed. In this study, full-length cDNA clones of BrYV-A, recombinant BrYV5B3A, and BrYV-C were constructed under control of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter. An agrobacterium-mediated inoculation system of Nicotiana benthamiana was developed using these cDNA clones. Three days after infiltration with full-length BrYV cDNA clones, necrotic symptoms were observed in the inoculated leaves of N. benthamiana; however, no obvious symptoms appeared in the upper leaves. Reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) and western blot detection of samples from the upper leaves showed that the maximum infection efficiency of BrYVs could reach 100%. The infectivity of the BrYV-A, BrYV-5B3A, and BrYV-C cDNA clones was further confirmed by northern hybridization. The system developed here will be useful for further studies of BrYV, such as host range, pathogenicity, viral gene functions, and plant-virus-vector interactions, and especially for discerning the differences among the three genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory for Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Shu-Wei Dong
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory for Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Hai-Ying Xiang
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory for Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Xiang-Ru Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory for Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Da-Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory for Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Jia-Lin Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory for Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Cheng-Gui Han
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory for Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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25
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Lim S, Yoo RH, Igori D, Zhao F, Kim KH, Moon JS. Genome sequence of a recombinant brassica yellows virus infecting Chinese cabbage. Arch Virol 2014; 160:597-600. [DOI: 10.1007/s00705-014-2258-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Accepted: 10/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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26
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Complete genome sequence analysis identifies a new genotype of brassica yellows virus that infects cabbage and radish in China. Arch Virol 2014; 159:2177-80. [PMID: 24599564 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-014-2027-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2013] [Accepted: 02/13/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
For brassica yellows virus (BrYV), proposed to be a member of a new polerovirus species, two clearly distinct genotypes (BrYV-A and BrYV-B) have been described. In this study, the complete nucleotide sequences of two BrYV isolates from radish and Chinese cabbage were determined. Sequence analysis suggested that these isolates represent a new genotype, referred to here as BrYV-C. The full-length sequences of the two BrYV-C isolates shared 93.4-94.8 % identity with BrYV-A and BrYV-B. Further phylogenetic analysis showed that the BrYV-C isolates formed a subgroup that was distinct from the BrYV-A and BrYV-B isolates based on all of the proteins except P5.
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27
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Lotos L, Efthimiou K, Maliogka VI, Katis NI. Generic detection of poleroviruses using an RT-PCR assay targeting the RdRp coding sequence. J Virol Methods 2013; 198:1-11. [PMID: 24374125 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2013.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2013] [Revised: 11/22/2013] [Accepted: 12/14/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
In this study a two-step RT-PCR assay was developed for the generic detection of poleroviruses. The RdRp coding region was selected as the primers' target, since it differs significantly from that of other members in the family Luteoviridae and its sequence can be more informative than other regions in the viral genome. Species specific RT-PCR assays targeting the same region were also developed for the detection of the six most widespread poleroviral species (Beet mild yellowing virus, Beet western yellows virus, Cucurbit aphid-borne virus, Carrot red leaf virus, Potato leafroll virus and Turnip yellows virus) in Greece and the collection of isolates. These isolates along with other characterized ones were used for the evaluation of the generic PCR's detection range. The developed assay efficiently amplified a 593bp RdRp fragment from 46 isolates of 10 different Polerovirus species. Phylogenetic analysis using the generic PCR's amplicon sequence showed that although it cannot accurately infer evolutionary relationships within the genus it can differentiate poleroviruses at the species level. Overall, the described generic assay could be applied for the reliable detection of Polerovirus infections and, in combination with the specific PCRs, for the identification of new and uncharacterized species in the genus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonidas Lotos
- Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, School of Agriculture, Laboratory of Plant Pathology, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Efthimiou
- Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, School of Agriculture, Laboratory of Plant Pathology, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Varvara I Maliogka
- Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, School of Agriculture, Laboratory of Plant Pathology, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Nikolaos I Katis
- Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, School of Agriculture, Laboratory of Plant Pathology, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
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28
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Li YY, Zhang RN, Xiang HY, Abouelnasr H, Li DW, Yu JL, McBeath JH, Han CG. Discovery and Characterization of a Novel Carlavirus Infecting Potatoes in China. PLoS One 2013; 8:e69255. [PMID: 23805334 PMCID: PMC3689765 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0069255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2012] [Accepted: 06/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A new carlavirus, tentatively named Potato virus H (PVH), was found on potato plants with mild symptoms in Hohhot, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China. PVH was confirmed by genome sequencing, serological reactions, electron microscopy, and host index assays. The PVH particles were filamentous and slightly curved, with a modal length of 570 nm. Complete RNA genomic sequences of two isolates of PVH were determined using reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) and the 5' rapid amplification of cDNA ends (5' RACE) method. Sequence analysis revealed that PVH had the typical genomic organization of members of the genus Carlavirus, with a positive-sense single-stranded genome of 8410 nt. It shared coat protein (CP) and replicase amino acid sequence identities of 17.9-56.7% with those of reported carlaviruses. Phylogenetic analyses based on the protein-coding sequences of replicase and CP showed that PVH formed a distinct branch, which was related only distantly to other carlaviruses. Western blotting assays showed that PVH was not related serologically to other potato carlaviruses (Potato virus S, Potato virus M, and Potato latent virus). PVH systemically infected Nicotianaglutinosa but not Nicotiana tabacum, Nicotianabenthamiana, or Chenopodiumquinoa, which is in contrast with the other potato carlaviruses. These results support the classification of PVH as a novel species in the genus Carlavirus. Preliminary results also indicated that a cysteine-rich protein encoded by the smallest ORF located in the 3' proximal region of the genome suppressed local RNA silencing and enhanced the pathogenicity of the recombinant PVX.
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MESH Headings
- Antibodies, Viral/immunology
- Antibodies, Viral/metabolism
- Capsid Proteins/genetics
- Capsid Proteins/immunology
- Capsid Proteins/metabolism
- Carlavirus/classification
- Carlavirus/genetics
- Carlavirus/isolation & purification
- China
- DNA, Complementary/chemistry
- DNA, Complementary/metabolism
- Genome, Viral
- Microscopy, Electron
- Phylogeny
- Plant Diseases/virology
- RNA, Viral/genetics
- RNA, Viral/isolation & purification
- RNA, Viral/metabolism
- Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Sequence Analysis, DNA
- Solanum tuberosum/virology
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Yuan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Agro-biotechnology and Department of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Ru-Nan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Agro-biotechnology and Department of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Hai-Ying Xiang
- State Key Laboratory for Agro-biotechnology and Department of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Hesham Abouelnasr
- State Key Laboratory for Agro-biotechnology and Department of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Da-Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory for Agro-biotechnology and Department of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Jia-Lin Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Agro-biotechnology and Department of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Jenifer Huang McBeath
- Plant Pathology and Biotechnology Laboratory, Agriculture and Forestry Experiment Station, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, Alaska, United States of America
| | - Cheng-Gui Han
- State Key Laboratory for Agro-biotechnology and Department of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P. R. China
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