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Kurosaki H, Okazaki K, Takemori M, Tate E, Nakamura T. The Effects of Boron Neutron Capture Therapy on the Lungs in Recurrent Breast Cancer Treatment. Cureus 2024; 16:e57417. [PMID: 38694683 PMCID: PMC11061820 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.57417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) has predominantly been performed for brain tumors or head and neck cancers. Although BNCT is known to be applicable to breast cancer, it has only been performed in a few cases involving thoracic region irradiation with reactor-based BNCT systems. Thus, there are very few reports on the effects of BNCT on the thoracic region and no reports of BNCT for breast cancer with accelerator-based BNCT systems. This paper introduces the world's first clinical study employing an accelerator-based BNCT system targeting recurrent breast cancer after radiation therapy. We aim to assess the efficacy and safety of BNCT, focusing on the dose response in the thoracic region, especially concerning the potential for radiation pneumonitis. Preliminary findings from the first three cases indicate no evidence of radiation pneumonitis within three months post treatment. This study not only establishes a foundation for novel breast cancer treatment options but also contributes significantly to the field of BNCT in the thoracic region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiromasa Kurosaki
- Department of Radiology and Radiation Oncology, Edogawa Hospital, Tokyo, JPN
| | - Keita Okazaki
- Department of Radiology and Radiation Oncology, Edogawa Hospital, Tokyo, JPN
| | - Mihiro Takemori
- Department of Radiology and Radiation Oncology, Edogawa Hospital, Tokyo, JPN
| | - Etsuko Tate
- Department of Radiology and Radiation Oncology, Edogawa Hospital, Tokyo, JPN
| | - Tatsuya Nakamura
- Department of Radiology and Radiation Oncology, Edogawa Hospital, Tokyo, JPN
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Rajkonwar J, Shende V, Maji AK, Pandey A, Sharma PK, Gunasekaran K, Subbarao SK, Bhattacharyya DR, Raghavendra K, Pebam R, Mayakrishnan V, Gogoi P, Senapati S, Sarkar P, Biswas S, Debbarma D, Nirmolia T, Jena SR, Bayan B, Talukder P, Sihag AK, Bharali HS, Verma A, Mahanta K, Sumer G, Karmakar R, Patgiri SJ, Chaudhuri S, Ganguli S, Kaur H, Bhattacharyya TK, Joshi PL, Goswami B, Baruah K, Pati S, Narain K, Bhowmick IP. First Report of Anopheles annularis s.l., An. maculatus s.s., and An. culicifacies s.l. as Malaria Vectors and a New Occurrence Record for An. pseudowillmori and An. sawadwongporni in Alipurduar District Villages, West Bengal, India. Microorganisms 2024; 12:95. [PMID: 38257922 PMCID: PMC10818895 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12010095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
A comprehensive entomological survey was undertaken in Alipurduar District, West Bengal, from 2018 to 2020 and in 2022. This study was prompted by reported malaria cases and conducted across nine villages, seven Sub-Centres, and three Primary Health Centres (PHCs). Mosquitoes were hand-collected with aspirators and flashlights from human dwellings and cattle sheds during the daytime. Both morphological and molecular techniques were used for species identification. Additionally, mosquitoes were tested for Plasmodium parasites and human blood presence. Mosquito species such as An. barbirostris s.l., An. hyrcanus s.l., An. splendidus, and An. vagus were morphologically identified. For species like An. annularis s.l., An. minimus s.s., An. culicifacies s.l., and An. maculatus s.s., a combination of morphological and molecular techniques was essential. The mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase gene subunit 1 (CO1) was sequenced for An. annularis s.l., An. maculatus s.s., An. culicifacies s.l., An. vagus, and some damaged samples, revealing the presence of An. pseudowillmori and An. fluviatilis. The major Anopheles species were An. annularis s.l., An. culicifacies s.l., and An. maculatus s.s., especially in Kumargram and Turturi PHCs. Plasmodium positivity was notably high in An. annularis s.l. and An. maculatus s.s. with significant human blood meal positivity across most species. Morphological, molecular, and phylogenetic analyses are crucial, especially for archived samples, to accurately identify the mosquito fauna of a region. Notably, this study confirms the first occurrence of An. pseudowillmori and An. sawadwongporni in West Bengal and implicates An. maculatus s.s., An. culicifacies s.l., and An. annularis s.l. as significant vectors in the Alipurduar region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jadab Rajkonwar
- Regional Medical Research Centre, Northeast Region (RMRC-NE)-ICMR, Dibrugarh 786001, India; (J.R.); (V.S.); (D.R.B.); (V.M.); (P.G.); (S.S.); (P.S.); (S.B.); (B.B.); (P.T.); (A.K.S.); (H.S.B.); (A.V.); (K.M.); (G.S.); (R.K.); (S.J.P.); (S.P.); (K.N.)
| | - Varun Shende
- Regional Medical Research Centre, Northeast Region (RMRC-NE)-ICMR, Dibrugarh 786001, India; (J.R.); (V.S.); (D.R.B.); (V.M.); (P.G.); (S.S.); (P.S.); (S.B.); (B.B.); (P.T.); (A.K.S.); (H.S.B.); (A.V.); (K.M.); (G.S.); (R.K.); (S.J.P.); (S.P.); (K.N.)
| | - Ananta Kumar Maji
- District Health & Family Welfare Samiti, Alipurduar 736121, India; (A.K.M.); (S.C.); (S.G.)
| | - Apoorva Pandey
- Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), Ramalingaswami Bhavan, New Delhi 110029, India; (A.P.); (H.K.)
| | - Puran K. Sharma
- Department of Health & Family Welfare, Govt of West Bengal, Alipurduar 736121, India;
| | | | - Sarala K. Subbarao
- ICMR-National Institute of Malaria Research, Sector-8, Dwarka, New Delhi 110077, India;
| | - Dibya Ranjan Bhattacharyya
- Regional Medical Research Centre, Northeast Region (RMRC-NE)-ICMR, Dibrugarh 786001, India; (J.R.); (V.S.); (D.R.B.); (V.M.); (P.G.); (S.S.); (P.S.); (S.B.); (B.B.); (P.T.); (A.K.S.); (H.S.B.); (A.V.); (K.M.); (G.S.); (R.K.); (S.J.P.); (S.P.); (K.N.)
| | - Kamaraju Raghavendra
- ICMR-National Institute of Malaria Research, Sector-8, Dwarka, New Delhi 110077, India;
| | - Rocky Pebam
- NorthEast Space Application Centre (NESAC), Department of Space, Government of India, Umiam 793103, India; (R.P.); (D.D.)
| | - Vijay Mayakrishnan
- Regional Medical Research Centre, Northeast Region (RMRC-NE)-ICMR, Dibrugarh 786001, India; (J.R.); (V.S.); (D.R.B.); (V.M.); (P.G.); (S.S.); (P.S.); (S.B.); (B.B.); (P.T.); (A.K.S.); (H.S.B.); (A.V.); (K.M.); (G.S.); (R.K.); (S.J.P.); (S.P.); (K.N.)
| | - Phiroz Gogoi
- Regional Medical Research Centre, Northeast Region (RMRC-NE)-ICMR, Dibrugarh 786001, India; (J.R.); (V.S.); (D.R.B.); (V.M.); (P.G.); (S.S.); (P.S.); (S.B.); (B.B.); (P.T.); (A.K.S.); (H.S.B.); (A.V.); (K.M.); (G.S.); (R.K.); (S.J.P.); (S.P.); (K.N.)
| | - Susmita Senapati
- Regional Medical Research Centre, Northeast Region (RMRC-NE)-ICMR, Dibrugarh 786001, India; (J.R.); (V.S.); (D.R.B.); (V.M.); (P.G.); (S.S.); (P.S.); (S.B.); (B.B.); (P.T.); (A.K.S.); (H.S.B.); (A.V.); (K.M.); (G.S.); (R.K.); (S.J.P.); (S.P.); (K.N.)
| | - Pallabi Sarkar
- Regional Medical Research Centre, Northeast Region (RMRC-NE)-ICMR, Dibrugarh 786001, India; (J.R.); (V.S.); (D.R.B.); (V.M.); (P.G.); (S.S.); (P.S.); (S.B.); (B.B.); (P.T.); (A.K.S.); (H.S.B.); (A.V.); (K.M.); (G.S.); (R.K.); (S.J.P.); (S.P.); (K.N.)
| | - Saurav Biswas
- Regional Medical Research Centre, Northeast Region (RMRC-NE)-ICMR, Dibrugarh 786001, India; (J.R.); (V.S.); (D.R.B.); (V.M.); (P.G.); (S.S.); (P.S.); (S.B.); (B.B.); (P.T.); (A.K.S.); (H.S.B.); (A.V.); (K.M.); (G.S.); (R.K.); (S.J.P.); (S.P.); (K.N.)
| | - Daniel Debbarma
- NorthEast Space Application Centre (NESAC), Department of Space, Government of India, Umiam 793103, India; (R.P.); (D.D.)
| | | | - Sasmita Rani Jena
- Regional Office of Health and Family Welfare, Kolkata 700106, India; (S.R.J.); (T.K.B.)
| | - Bahniman Bayan
- Regional Medical Research Centre, Northeast Region (RMRC-NE)-ICMR, Dibrugarh 786001, India; (J.R.); (V.S.); (D.R.B.); (V.M.); (P.G.); (S.S.); (P.S.); (S.B.); (B.B.); (P.T.); (A.K.S.); (H.S.B.); (A.V.); (K.M.); (G.S.); (R.K.); (S.J.P.); (S.P.); (K.N.)
| | - Pinki Talukder
- Regional Medical Research Centre, Northeast Region (RMRC-NE)-ICMR, Dibrugarh 786001, India; (J.R.); (V.S.); (D.R.B.); (V.M.); (P.G.); (S.S.); (P.S.); (S.B.); (B.B.); (P.T.); (A.K.S.); (H.S.B.); (A.V.); (K.M.); (G.S.); (R.K.); (S.J.P.); (S.P.); (K.N.)
| | - Ashwarya Kumari Sihag
- Regional Medical Research Centre, Northeast Region (RMRC-NE)-ICMR, Dibrugarh 786001, India; (J.R.); (V.S.); (D.R.B.); (V.M.); (P.G.); (S.S.); (P.S.); (S.B.); (B.B.); (P.T.); (A.K.S.); (H.S.B.); (A.V.); (K.M.); (G.S.); (R.K.); (S.J.P.); (S.P.); (K.N.)
| | - Himadri Sankar Bharali
- Regional Medical Research Centre, Northeast Region (RMRC-NE)-ICMR, Dibrugarh 786001, India; (J.R.); (V.S.); (D.R.B.); (V.M.); (P.G.); (S.S.); (P.S.); (S.B.); (B.B.); (P.T.); (A.K.S.); (H.S.B.); (A.V.); (K.M.); (G.S.); (R.K.); (S.J.P.); (S.P.); (K.N.)
| | - Anisha Verma
- Regional Medical Research Centre, Northeast Region (RMRC-NE)-ICMR, Dibrugarh 786001, India; (J.R.); (V.S.); (D.R.B.); (V.M.); (P.G.); (S.S.); (P.S.); (S.B.); (B.B.); (P.T.); (A.K.S.); (H.S.B.); (A.V.); (K.M.); (G.S.); (R.K.); (S.J.P.); (S.P.); (K.N.)
| | - Kongkon Mahanta
- Regional Medical Research Centre, Northeast Region (RMRC-NE)-ICMR, Dibrugarh 786001, India; (J.R.); (V.S.); (D.R.B.); (V.M.); (P.G.); (S.S.); (P.S.); (S.B.); (B.B.); (P.T.); (A.K.S.); (H.S.B.); (A.V.); (K.M.); (G.S.); (R.K.); (S.J.P.); (S.P.); (K.N.)
| | - Gonsalo Sumer
- Regional Medical Research Centre, Northeast Region (RMRC-NE)-ICMR, Dibrugarh 786001, India; (J.R.); (V.S.); (D.R.B.); (V.M.); (P.G.); (S.S.); (P.S.); (S.B.); (B.B.); (P.T.); (A.K.S.); (H.S.B.); (A.V.); (K.M.); (G.S.); (R.K.); (S.J.P.); (S.P.); (K.N.)
| | - Ranjan Karmakar
- Regional Medical Research Centre, Northeast Region (RMRC-NE)-ICMR, Dibrugarh 786001, India; (J.R.); (V.S.); (D.R.B.); (V.M.); (P.G.); (S.S.); (P.S.); (S.B.); (B.B.); (P.T.); (A.K.S.); (H.S.B.); (A.V.); (K.M.); (G.S.); (R.K.); (S.J.P.); (S.P.); (K.N.)
| | - Saurav Jyoti Patgiri
- Regional Medical Research Centre, Northeast Region (RMRC-NE)-ICMR, Dibrugarh 786001, India; (J.R.); (V.S.); (D.R.B.); (V.M.); (P.G.); (S.S.); (P.S.); (S.B.); (B.B.); (P.T.); (A.K.S.); (H.S.B.); (A.V.); (K.M.); (G.S.); (R.K.); (S.J.P.); (S.P.); (K.N.)
| | - Supriya Chaudhuri
- District Health & Family Welfare Samiti, Alipurduar 736121, India; (A.K.M.); (S.C.); (S.G.)
| | - Sumit Ganguli
- District Health & Family Welfare Samiti, Alipurduar 736121, India; (A.K.M.); (S.C.); (S.G.)
| | - Harpreet Kaur
- Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), Ramalingaswami Bhavan, New Delhi 110029, India; (A.P.); (H.K.)
| | | | - Pyare Laal Joshi
- Directorate of National Vector Borne Disease Control Programme, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India, Delhi 110054, India; (P.L.J.); (K.B.)
| | | | - Kalpana Baruah
- Directorate of National Vector Borne Disease Control Programme, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India, Delhi 110054, India; (P.L.J.); (K.B.)
| | - Sanghamitra Pati
- Regional Medical Research Centre, Northeast Region (RMRC-NE)-ICMR, Dibrugarh 786001, India; (J.R.); (V.S.); (D.R.B.); (V.M.); (P.G.); (S.S.); (P.S.); (S.B.); (B.B.); (P.T.); (A.K.S.); (H.S.B.); (A.V.); (K.M.); (G.S.); (R.K.); (S.J.P.); (S.P.); (K.N.)
| | - Kanwar Narain
- Regional Medical Research Centre, Northeast Region (RMRC-NE)-ICMR, Dibrugarh 786001, India; (J.R.); (V.S.); (D.R.B.); (V.M.); (P.G.); (S.S.); (P.S.); (S.B.); (B.B.); (P.T.); (A.K.S.); (H.S.B.); (A.V.); (K.M.); (G.S.); (R.K.); (S.J.P.); (S.P.); (K.N.)
| | - Ipsita Pal Bhowmick
- Regional Medical Research Centre, Northeast Region (RMRC-NE)-ICMR, Dibrugarh 786001, India; (J.R.); (V.S.); (D.R.B.); (V.M.); (P.G.); (S.S.); (P.S.); (S.B.); (B.B.); (P.T.); (A.K.S.); (H.S.B.); (A.V.); (K.M.); (G.S.); (R.K.); (S.J.P.); (S.P.); (K.N.)
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Alananbeh K, Al-Abdallat A, Al-Hiary H. First report of Fusarium culmorum (W.G. Sm.) Sacc causing crown rot on wheat in Jordan. Plant Dis 2023. [PMID: 38105457 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-08-23-1714-pdn] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Fusarium crown rot (FCR) is a disease caused by numerous Fusarium species, primarily F. culmorum (W. G. Sm.) Sacc., F. pseudograminearum (O'Donnell & T. Aoki), and F. graminearum Schwabe (Paulitz et al., 200). FCR on wheat is a worldwide distributed disease that causes significant yield losses. In the Middle East, FCR was reported in Iraq (Motallebi et al., 2015; Matny et al., 2019) and Syria (Motallebi et al., 2015). In Jordan, Fusarium occurrence on wheat was documented in a checklist publication in 1984 (Mamluk et al., 1984) without further identification of the causative species and its pathogenicity level. There have been no other reports of Fusarium on wheat in Jordan since then. Symptoms of Fusarium crown rot were observed in 2016-2022 (Alananbeh et al., 2018) across Jordan through annual surveys of wheat diseases. The disease severity was higher in the dry seasons such as that of 2017 and 2021. Very severe symptoms were noted on wheat planted at the University of Jordan experimental wheat plots (n=4) in 2016-2022. A total of 40 symptomatic plants were randomly collected from these plots. Roots and stems of the 40 plants were then cut into small sections, disinfected in 0.5% hypochlorite for 5 minutes, 70% ethanol for one minute, and finally rinsed in sterile distilled water three times. The sections were dried under the laminar flow, plated on potato dextrose agar (PDA), and incubated for 10 -14 days at 25 ℃. The fungal cultures were purified by hyphal tipping. At least one pure isolate exhibited a typical morphology of F. culmorum was recovered from each plant. The colonies of pure cultures grew rapidly on PDA with fluffy floccose aerial mycelium and dark red to reddish brown pigment diffused in the agar. The isolates produced monophialidic conidiogenous cells. The formed marcoconidia were slightly curved, with pointed apical and foot cells, 3-5 septated, on average 28.5 - 46.5 X 4.5-7.0 μm, indication the cultures as Fusarium spp. (Figure 1). Chlamydospores were intercalary in hyphae and microconidia were absent. Two representative isolates (Iso-1 and Iso-2) identified putatively as F. culmorum, based on their morphological features, were sent to Macrogen Inc., South Korea to Sanger sequence a portion of the translation elongation factor 1-α gene using the EF1/EF2 primers (Geiser et al. 2004). Raw sequences were used to create consensus sequences using the BioEdit sequence alignment editor. The consensus sequences for the two representatives isolates were used to conduct BLASTn queries of NCBI (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov) which revealed they are 99.67% and 100% identical to MW233082.1, a TEF11-α sequence of the ex-epitype of F. culmorum (NRRL 25475, Crous et al. 2021). The two sequences generated herein were accessioned in GenBank (accession numbers: OQ785278 and OQ785279). Combined with the morphological and molecular analysis, the Iso-1 and Iso-2 were identified as Fusarium culmorum. The pathogenicity of the isolates was tested on two wheat cultivars using two methods: in vitro on seeds grown in sterile dishes and on seedlings. A 4 X 104 macroconidia suspension was prepared from 10 day-old culture of the isolate grown on PDA at 28 ºC. Seeds of two wheat cultivars, Hourani and Norsi were surface sterilized in 1% (v/v) bleach and rinsed in sterile distilled water three times. For the first method, seeds were soaked in the F. culmorum conidia suspension for 15 min and then dried using filter paper. The seeds were plated onto sterile paper towels in sterile plastic boxes and placed in a growth chamber. Three replicates with 10 seeds/replicate were used. Control Mock treatments used seeds treated with sterile distilled water. The germination percentage, coleoptile length, radicle length, longest seminal root length, and number of seminal roots were measured after 5 days. For the seedling-based pathogenicity test, seeds were planted in seedlings trays filled with sterilized 1:1:1 peat moss: sand: soil. 5 mL conidia suspension was drenched following seedling emergence. Ten replicates with one seed/replicate were used. Plants were watered when necessary to maintain appropriate soil growth conditions. The control seedlings were drenched with sterile distilled water. Disease symptoms were rated by the disease severity index (CRI) described by Mitter et al. (2006) after 35 days of inoculation. The in vitro test showed a reduction of germination and other seeds measurements in the presence of F. culmorum as compared to the control (Table 1 and Table 2, Figure 2). Similarly, the seedling's height, length of discoloration, disease score, disease severity index and germination percentage were all reduced in F. culmorum treated seedlings compared to the control. The two experiments showed that Cv. Norsi was more susceptible to FCR than Hourani (Table 1, Figure 2). F. culmorum was re-isolated from the roots of inoculated plants of both cultivars. The present study is the first report of the crown rot pathogen, F. culmorum on Jordanian wheat. Fusarium culmorum can cause significant economic losses and current research is ongoing to survey FCR-associated Fusarium spp. in Jordan, their genetic diversity, and QTL mapping for resistance genes in wheat landraces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kholoud Alananbeh
- The University of Jordan, Plant Protection, Queen Rania St, Amman, Jordan, 11942;
| | | | - Huda Al-Hiary
- The University of Jordan, Plant Protection, Amman, Jordan;
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He W, Luo W, Zhou J, Zhu X, Xu J. Pectobacterium carotovorum Subsp. brasiliense Causing Soft Rot in Eggplant in Xinjiang, China. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2662. [PMID: 38004675 PMCID: PMC10673395 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11112662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
An outbreak of stem rot in eggplants was observed in Heshuo County, Xinjiang, during winter 2021-2022 in about 12-35% of the eggplants in the region (about 40 hm2). The infected tissues yielded a total of four bacterial strains, which were subsequently subjected to physiological and biochemical assays as well as molecular identification. Based on these analyses, the pathogen was identified as Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. brasiliense. The pathogenicity was confirmed through the fulfillment of Koch's postulates. The host range test confirmed the broad spectrum of species susceptible to infection by the strains. This study represents the first case of infection caused by P. carotovorum subsp. brasiliense resulting in stem rot in eggplant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei He
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northwestern Oasis Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Plant Protection, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830091, China; (W.H.); (W.L.); (J.Z.); (X.Z.)
| | - Wenfang Luo
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northwestern Oasis Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Plant Protection, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830091, China; (W.H.); (W.L.); (J.Z.); (X.Z.)
| | - Junhui Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northwestern Oasis Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Plant Protection, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830091, China; (W.H.); (W.L.); (J.Z.); (X.Z.)
| | - Xiafen Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northwestern Oasis Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Plant Protection, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830091, China; (W.H.); (W.L.); (J.Z.); (X.Z.)
- College of Agriculture, Xinjiang Agricultural University, 311 Nongda East Road, Urumqi 830052, China
| | - Jianjun Xu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northwestern Oasis Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Plant Protection, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830091, China; (W.H.); (W.L.); (J.Z.); (X.Z.)
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Michieletto P, Sica A, Barbi E, Pensiero S. Two cases of unilateral limbal Vernal keratoconjunctivitis in the same family: first case report. Front Pediatr 2023; 11:1237760. [PMID: 37849497 PMCID: PMC10577227 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2023.1237760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
This case report describes two cases of unilateral limbal Vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) in the same family. To our knowledge, these are the first two reported cases of unilateral limbal VKC. VKC is a chronic inflammatory disease that typically affects both eyes, with unilateral cases being rare and previously only reported in the tarsal form. Our first case involved a 12-year-old girl with a history of allergic asthma, who had been experiencing conjunctivitis in her right eye since the age of 7. Upon examination, she was diagnosed with unilateral limbal VKC and treated with 1% cyclosporine eye drops with a significant improvement observed at the one and three-month follow-ups. Her 7-year-old brother was also examined and found to have unilateral limbal VKC in his right eye, although it was milder and not associated with allergic pathogenesis. Therefore, in this case, a treatment with hydrocortisone eye drops was started leading to an immediate reduction of the itching. In both cases an IgE-mediated mechanism is less likely because of the monolateral eye involvement, the complete absence of nasal symptoms, the lack of correlation between symptoms and any pollen season, and the negative prick skin test in one of the two siblings. Both cases suggest that unilateral VKC may occur even in the limbal form and that genetic mechanisms may contribute to the inflammatory reaction in VKC. This report highlights the need for further studies to explain the occurrence of unilateral VKC cases and reminds clinicians to consider the possibility of unilateral limbal VKC in pediatric patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Michieletto
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health - IRCCS “Burlo Garofolo”, Trieste, Italy
| | | | - Egidio Barbi
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health - IRCCS “Burlo Garofolo”, Trieste, Italy
- University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Stefano Pensiero
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health - IRCCS “Burlo Garofolo”, Trieste, Italy
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Kaur H, Gelain J, Marin MV, Peres NA, Schnabel G. Development of a Molecular Tool for Identification of a New Neopestalotiopsis sp. Associated with Disease Outbreaks on Strawberry. Plant Dis 2023:PDIS09222117RE. [PMID: 36383989 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-09-22-2117-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
A new Neopestalotiopsis sp. was recently reported causing outbreaks of leaf spot and fruit rot on strawberry in Florida, Georgia, and South Carolina. In contrast to other Pestalotiopsis pathogens, the new species appears more aggressive and destructive on strawberry. Current chemical options for management are disease suppressive at best, and affected growers have been experiencing major yield losses. In this study, we developed a molecular method based on polymerase chain reaction/restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR/RFLP) for identification of the new Neopestalotiopsis sp. from strawberry. Isolates of the new Neopestalotiopsis sp. collected in Florida; isolates of N. rosae, N. honoluluana, N. ellipsopora, N. saprophytica, N. samarangensis, and P. rhododendri; and isolates from South Carolina suspected to be the new Neopestalotiopsis sp. were included in this study. This method is based on PCR amplification of a β-tubulin gene fragment using a previously published set of primers (Bt2a and Bt2b), followed by use of the restriction enzyme BsaWI. The enzyme cuts the PCR product from the new Neopestalotiopsis sp. twice, yielding fragments of 290 base pairs (bp) and 130 and 20 bp in size, whereas fragments from other species are only cut once, yielding fragments of 420 and 20 bp. This method will aid research labs and diagnostic clinics in the accurate and fast identification of the aggressive Neopestalotiopsis sp. variant from strawberry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harleen Kaur
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC
| | - Jhulia Gelain
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC
| | - Marcus Vinicius Marin
- Department of Plant Pathology, Gulf Coast Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Wimauma, FL
| | - Natalia A Peres
- Department of Plant Pathology, Gulf Coast Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Wimauma, FL
| | - Guido Schnabel
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC
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Ni W, Zhao H, Xu W, Xu F, Huang S, Wang R, Wu D. First Report of Root Rot Caused by Pleiocarpon algeriense on peony (Paeonia suffruticosa) in China. Plant Dis 2023. [PMID: 37026627 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-03-23-0425-pdn] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Peony (Paeonia suffruticosa Andr.) is a perennial plant of Ranunculaceae. Its root bark (Danpi in Chinese) is a traditional Chinese medicine, which has the effects of clearing heat and cooling blood, promoting blood circulation to resolve blood stasis. Peony is mainly planted in the provinces of Anhui, Gansu, Henan and Shandong. Peony is also called Fengdan in the Fenghuang Mountain of Tongling, Anhui Province. In November 2021, a root rot-like disease was observed on the root of peony in several fields located in Tongling county, Anhui Province, China (118°0'51" N, 30°48'11" E). Approximately 20-40% of the peony plants were affected in the fields. The roots of the diseased plants were rotten and blackened, the bark of the roots was detached, and the leaves were withered, causing the whole plants to die. To isolate the pathogen, the symptomatic roots were sampled, and small pieces (5 × 5 mm) of diseased tissues were surface sterilized with 0.5% NaClO solution and 75% ethanol for 5 min, rinsed with sterile distilled water three times, and finally incubated on potato dextrose agar (PDA) at 28°C in the dark for 7 days. A total of 16 isolates were obtained from the infected tissues. Among isolates, six isolates were morphologically similar to B4. Colonies were passaged multiple times on fresh PDA medium, and pure isolate B4 exhibiting cinnamon-to-honey coloration on PDA with pale yellow aerial hyphae, was then selected. Microscopic observations revealed that microconidia were straight to curved, ellipsoid or subcylindrical, and ranged from 7.14 to 14.29 × 2.85 to 5.00 μm (n = 20). The morphological characteristics were similar to the description of Pleiocarpon algeriense by Aigoun-Mouhous et al. (2019). To further identify the taxonomic status of B4 strain, three genes of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of rDNA, beta-tubulin (TUB2), and the RNA polymerase II second subunit (RPB2) were respectively amplified and sequenced using primers ITS1/ITS4 (White et al. 1990), T1/Bt-2b (O'Donnell and Cigelnik 1997), and 5F2/7cR (O'Donnell et al. 2007). Sequences for the isolate B4 were deposited in GenBenk (OP810684, ITS; OP882301, TUB2; OP863337, RPB2). BLAST analysis showed the ITS, TUB2, RPB2 sequences of B4 were 99.80% (505/506), 99.51% (609/612) and 100.00% (854/854) homology with those of P. algeriense Di3A-AP52 (MT613337, ITS; MT597145, TUB2; MT635004, RPB2). A phylogenetic tree was built using MEGA11 based on sequences of three genes showing that B4 strain was closely clustered with reference strain of P. algeriense, which has not been reported in peony in China. The pathogenicity test of the isolates was performed by inoculating 50 mL of conidial suspension (1 × 108 conidia/mL) on the roots of ten healthy peonies, ten peonies inoculated with 50 mL of sterile water were used as a control group. After one-month, typical symptoms of root rot appeared on the inoculated plants and the control plants were asymptomatic. The fungus (P. algeriense) was reisolated from the diseased roots and identified by sequencing of ITS gene, conforming to Koch's postulates. Pleiocarpon algeriense has been reported to cause stem and crown rot in avocado (Aiello et al. 2020). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of P. algeriense causing root rot in peony. Control methods of P. algeriense on peony fields will be studied in-depth in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Ni
- Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 117843, Hefei, Anhui, China;
| | - Hongsu Zhao
- Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 117843, Hefei, Anhui, China;
| | - Weifang Xu
- Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 117843, Hefei, Anhui, China;
| | - Fengqing Xu
- Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 117843, Hefei, Anhui, China;
| | - Shunwang Huang
- Hefei Innovative Pharmaceutical Technology Co., Ltd, Hefei, China;
| | - Renzhong Wang
- Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 117843, No. 350 Longzihu road, Hefei, Anhui, China, 230012;
| | - Deling Wu
- Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 117843, Hefei, Anhui, China;
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Barcos J, Farias MJ, Rebufel P, Soto-Alvear S, Riquelme D. First Report of Neofusicoccum australe Causing Branch Dieback of English Walnut cv. Chandler in Central Chile. Plant Dis 2023; 107:2543. [PMID: 36734941 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-11-22-2601-pdn] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The English walnut (Juglans regia L.) is the second most important fruit crop of importance in Chile, with 43,700 hectares mainly in the Central Valley (www.odepa.cl, 2022). For several seasons symptoms of a branch dieback have been observed in walnut orchards with 3 to 50% of trees incidence levels. During the 2020 winter season (July) a total of 150 symptomatic spurs of 15 trees were sampled from an 8-year-old walnut cv. Chandler orchard located in Buin (33°42' S, 70° 42' W). The collected spurs showed external and internal brown necroses, starting from the tip with well-defined margins. The symptomatic tissue was cut in to small pieces (5 x 4 x 2 mm), surface disinfected by dipping in a 10% solution made from a commercial bleach solution (4,9% NaOHCl), rinsed twice in sterile water and plated on APDA (PDA Difco laboratories acidified with lactic acid (2,5 ml of 25% (vol/vol) per liter of medium). After five days at 20 °C in darkness, fast-growing, white-grey turning to black colonies were obtained, tentatively classified as a member of the Botryosphaeraceae family and two single-spore isolates (SS1, SS2) were selected for identification. Colony mycelia were first white and turned to light grey, dark grey or black, with tufts of mouse gray aerial mycelia. The pycnidia and conidia production was induced by inoculating autoclaved pine needles placed on APDA an incubation for 25 to 30 days at 20 °C in darkness. Black pycnidia solitary and globose were obtained producing hyaline, aseptate, fusiform to obovoid conidia with truncated ends with dimensions of (22.6-) 19.1 ± 1.4 (-13.3) x (6.7-) 5.5 ± 0.5 (-3.7) µm and 3.5 length/width ratio (n=100). Both isolates were identified using dichotomous keys confirming the description of Crous et al, 2006 as Neofusicoccum australe. The identification was molecularly confirmed by amplifying the nuclear ribosomal gene 5,8S (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2) using the ITS1/ITS4 primers, a partial region of β-tubulin gene (Bt2a/Bt2b), and the translation elongation factor 1-α gene (TEF1) with TEF1-728F/TEF1-986R primers. The BLASTn search revealed 100% of identity for ITS and TEF according to sequences of N. australe reference strains MT587467.1 and MK759852.1, respectively; and over 99% for β-tubulin compared to N. australe strain KX464929.1. The DNA sequences were submitted to the GenBank (ITS, OP142414, OP142416; BT, OP209981, OP209978; and TEF OP209979, OP209980) for SS1 and SS2 isolates, respectively, and deposited in the fungal collection of CChRGM - INIA, Chillán, Chile (RGM 3409 and 3410). Pathogenicity of both isolates was tested in 8-year-old asymtomatic English walnut cv. Chandler in the field during 2020 spring season, by cutting transversally 15 twigs of different tress and inoculating with a 5 day-old PDA plug. An equal number of wounded twigs were inoculated with a sterile PDA plug and served as control. After six months, all inoculated twigs developed the same necrotic lesions observed in field of 2.0 to 10.1 cm (SS1) and 1.9 to 10.8 cm (SS2) in length while control twigs showed only a scar without any dieback tissues. The inoculated pathogens of N. australe were recovered from the diseased tissues, thus fulfilling Koch's postulates. A similar dieback of walnut was reported in Chile, which caused Diplodia mutila (Díaz et al, 2018), and N. parvum (Luna et al, 2022) while N. australe has been reported in other hosts (Auger et al, 2013, Besoain et al, 2013). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of N. australe associated with walnut branch dieback in Chile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javiera Barcos
- Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias Centro Regional La Platina, 206198, Laboratorio Fitopatologia, Santiago, Chile
- Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias Centro Regional La Platina, 206198, Santiago, Chile;
| | - Maria Jose Farias
- Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias Centro Regional La Platina, 206198, Laboratorio Fitopatologia, Santiago, Chile;
| | - Patricia Rebufel
- Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias Centro Regional La Platina, 206198, Laboratorio Fitopatologia, Santiago, Chile;
| | - Sylvana Soto-Alvear
- Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias Inia-La Platina, Santa Rosa 16610, Santiago, Chile, 7083150;
| | - Danae Riquelme
- Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, 60705, INIA La Platina, Avenida Santa Rosa 11610, Santiago, Santiago, Chile, 8831314
- Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, 28033, Facultad de Agronomía e Ingeniería Forestal, Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Macul, Santiago, Santiago, Chile, 7820436;
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Kılınç ÖO, Ayan A, Çelik BA, Çelik ÖY, Yüksek N, Akyıldız G, Oğuz FE. The Investigation of Giardiasis (Foodborne and Waterborne Diseases) in Buffaloes in Van Region, Türkiye: First Molecular Report of Giardia duodenalis Assemblage B from Buffaloes. Pathogens 2023; 12. [PMID: 36678454 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12010106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Giardia duodenalis (G. duodenalis) is an important zoonotic protozoan agent that causes foodborne and waterborne diarrhea in humans and other mammals. Molecular-based tests are critical in diagnosing giardiasis in humans and animals, identifying species, understanding the zoonotic potential and transmission routes, and evaluating taxonomy. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the molecular characterization of G. duodenalis in buffaloes in the Van region in Türkiye. Buffaloes are a species that has been poorly studied in this regard. For this purpose, 100 fecal samples were collected from buffaloes in the Van region. The DNA extraction was performed using the GeneMATRIX STOOL DNA Purification Kit from stool samples. The nested PCR test was performed with the appropriate primers from the obtained DNA samples. The obtained bands suitable for sequencing were sent for sequence analysis, and the sequence results were aligned bidirectionally and compared with the database of GenBank by BLAST. As a result of the study, an 11% positivity rate for G. duodenalis was found in buffaloes, and assemblage E and assemblage B were isolated. To our knowledge, assemblage B in buffaloes was reported for the first time in this study. As a result, it was concluded that buffaloes are an important reservoir for waterborne and foodborne giardiasis.
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Lu Y, Shen L, Zheng Y, Zhang H, Liu Y, Qi M, Huang S, Shen B. A Chinese family with cat eye syndrome and abnormality of eye movement: First case report. Front Pediatr 2023; 11:1145183. [PMID: 37114001 PMCID: PMC10126520 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2023.1145183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cat eye syndrome (CES) is a rare disease with a wide spectrum of phenotypic variability that is observed in 1:150,000 newborns. CES is characterized clinically by the combination of iris coloboma, anal atresia, and preauricular tags and/or pits. Many eye malformations have been reported to be associated with CES, such as iris and chorioretinal coloboma. However, an abnormality of eye movement has not been previously reported. Case presentation We report on a Chinese family carrying a 22q11.1-q11.21 duplication of 1.7Mb tetrasomy (chr22:16,500,000-18,200,000, hg38) in two generations. Based on the proband and her father's clinical manifestations, including ophthalmological examination, cytogenetic analysis, FISH, CNV-seq, and WES, the diagnosis of CES with an abnormality of eye movement was made. Conclusion Our findings broadened the symptom spectrum of CES syndrome and laid the foundation for pathogenesis, diagnostic targets, and drug research on the abnormality of eye movement, and were helpful for early diagnosis and intervention of CES.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Lu
- Health Clinic Center for Enze Precision Medicine, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, China
| | - Liping Shen
- Health Clinic Center for Enze Precision Medicine, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, China
| | - Yue Zheng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, China
| | - Haichen Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yanbo Liu
- Clinical Genome Center, DIAN Diagnostics, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ming Qi
- Clinical Genome Center, DIAN Diagnostics, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Shangzhi Huang
- Department of Medical Genetics, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Shen
- Health Clinic Center for Enze Precision Medicine, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, China
- Correspondence: Bo Shen
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Song X, Han F, Ding G, Xiao Z, Li L. First report of stem rot of Scrophularia ningpoensis caused by Fusarium commune in China. Plant Dis 2022; 107:1625. [PMID: 36222729 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-09-21-1896-pdn] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Chinese figwort (Scrophularia ningpoensis Hemsl.) is an important annual herb and its dried root tubers are used as a traditional Chinese herbal medicine. In May 2021, a disease with stem rot symptoms on S. ningpoensis was observed at three randomly selected fields (~0.67 ha per field) in Nanchuan district (28.93°N, 107.27°E) of Chongqing, China. Disease incidence was estimated between 10% and 17% based on calculating the proportion of symptomatic plants. Initially, watery dark brown spots appeared on the epidermis of the stem. Then the spots expanded into spindle or strip shape, and the center of lesions were sunken, constricted and rotted finally (Figure 1A and Figure 1B). Leaves turned yellow and the plants wilted (Figure 1C). The infected parts of the stem broke easily and became brittle. The number of daughter buds used for reproduction was reduced by more than 24% and the production of root tubers decreased by more than 3%. Twelve stems with typical rot symptoms were sampled from the three fields for further investigation. Infested tissue fragments (4×4 mm) were surface sterilized with 75% ethanol for 30s and 2% sodium hypochlorite for 2 minutes in turn, finally, were rinsed 4 times with sterilized water. The disinfected tissue were air-dried and transferred onto potato dextrose agar (PDA) in the dark for 6 days at 25℃. The resulting fungal colonies were isolated by the single-spore isolation technique (Fang. 1998). Six different fungal colonies were isolated (X1-X6) and Koch's postulates were conducted to verify the pathogenicity of individual isolates. The stem surfaces of 8 months old plants were sterilized with 75% ethanol for 30 s, rinsed three times with sterilized water, and stabbed with a sterilized needle. Conidial from the fungal colonies grown on PDA plate were harvested by filtration through five layers of sterilized absorbent gauze. Conidial concentration was then adjusted to 106 conidia per mL. 10 μL of conidial suspension was sprayed on stems injured with a sterile syringe. For each isolate, 6 plants were inoculated. Stems inoculated with sterilized water were used as a blank control. All plants were all put in a growth chamber at 28℃ with 75 to 80% relative humidity under a 12 h photoperiod for 15 days. The pathogenicity test was repeated once. After 13 days, the stems inoculated with X3 showed the same rot symptoms as we observed in the fields (Figure 1D) whereas the control stems remained symptomless (Figure 1E). The fungus re-isolated from the plants showing 100% symptoms had a similar morphology than X3 as described below. At the same time, the stems inoculated with X1, X2, X4, X5 and X6 showed no sign of rot. After culturing on PDA for 9 days under 25℃ in dark, isolate X3 grew all over the dish with white or pale pink pigmentation in the center (Figure 1F). Macroconidia were produced on synthetic low nutrient agar (SNA) plates, which showed sickle or spindle, 3 septate, straight to slightly curved with a foot-shaped basal cell, ranging from 17.595~44.88 × 2.04~3.315 μm (n=30). Microconidia were oval, elliptical or reniform, 0 to 1 septate, 3.06~12.75 ×1.785~2.805 μm (n=30) in size (Figure 1G). Phialides of conidiophores were cylindrical, short and monophialides or polyphialides (Figure 1H). Chlamydospores were found terminal or cluster with round or oblong (Figure 1I). These morphological characteristics described as Fusarium commone (Skovgaard et al. 2003). For molecular identification, the ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS), translation elongation factor 1-alpha (EF-1α), RNA polymerase II subunit 1 (RPB1), the largest subunit of RNA polymerase Ⅱ gene sequences (RPB2) and the mitochondrial small subunit rDNA (mtSSU) genes were amplified with primers V9G /ITS4 (Hoog et al. 1998; White et al. 1990), EF1-668F /EF1-1251R (Alves et al. 2008), Fa/G2R (O'Donnell et al. 2010), 5f2/7cr (Liu et al. 1999; O'Donnell et al. 2010) and NMS1/NMS2 (Li et al. 1994). The sequences of isolate X3 were deposited in GenBank (MZ571935 (ITS), MZ576201 (EF-1α), MZ882396 (RPB1), MZ882397 (RPB2) and MZ867716 (mtSSU)). All sequences were revealed more than 99.8% sequence identity with reported sequences of Fusarium commune (GenBank accession No: KY630717, JF740838, KU171680, KU171700 and MK439851). Based on the optimal nucleotide replacement model SYM of multi-gene series sequence matrix, the system development tree was constructed. Results showed the strain X3 and those of F. commune (Isolates numbers were NRRL 28387, MRC 2566, MRC 2564 and CZ3-5-6) were clustered into the same evolutionary branch with a post-mortem probability of 0.996 (Figure 2). According to the morphology, molecular identification and phylogenetic analysis based on the concatenated of EF-1α and RPB2 genes sequences, the isolated X3 was identified as F. commune. The ITS sequences of X1, X2, X4, X5 and X6 showed homology exceeding 97.1% to Fusarium tricinctum (MH931273), Plectosphaerella cucumerina (MH858371), Sordariomycetes sp. (JX179237), Whalleya microplace (EF026129) and Pestalotiopsis maculiformans (EU552147), respectively, suggested the five strains to be these species possibly. GeneBank accession number of X1, X2, X4, X5 and X6 was OM074010, OM074011, OM074013, OM074015 and OM074018, respectively. To our best knowledge, this is the first report of F. commune infecting S. ningpoensis in China. Stem rot caused by F. commune is a severe threat to Chinese figwort cultivation, and identification of this pathogen is important for effective disease management and control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuhong Song
- Chongqing Academy of Chinese Materia Medicachongqing, China, 400065;
| | | | | | | | - Longyun Li
- Chongqing Academy of Chinese Materia Medica, Chongqing, Chongqing, China;
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Jain A, Wainer J, Huston DC, Hodda M, Dinh Q, Mann R, Rodoni B, Edwards J. First report of ryegrass cyst nematode, Heterodera mani, in Tasmania, Australia. Plant Dis 2022; 107:1245. [PMID: 36089686 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-05-22-1129-pdn] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Cyst nematodes of the genus Heterodera are a major group of sedentary plant parasites causing a significant economic impact, restricting production and market access globally (Moens et al. 2018). The ryegrass cyst nematode Heterodera mani is in the Avenae group and is found predominantly in pastures and grasslands in Europe, California, and South Africa. It was first described by Mathews (1971) from Northern Ireland. Known hosts are grasses (family Poaceae), principally Lolium perenne (perennial ryegrass), but also Dactylis glomerata (cat grass) and Festuca pratensis (meadow fescue) (Subbotin et al. 2010). Mowat (1974) reported that H. mani causes negligible damage to the yield of L. perenne in pot trials; however, Maas & Brinkman (1982) determined that it may cause significant damage to spring and autumn-sown perennial ryegrass in field conditions. During a routine examination for potato cyst nematode from a farm near Mawbanna in north-west Tasmania, Australia, several pale to dark brown Heterodera cysts were extracted that were lemon shaped with the presence of a small vulval cone at the posterior end and a distinct neck. The J2 (n=20) stylet length ranged from 24-26 µm with round knobs deeply concave anteriorly, hyaline tail length was 37-42 µm, true tail length ranged from 59-68 µm and total body length varied from 526-559 µm. All the above characters match those described for H. mani (Subbotin et al. 2010). To verify this identification, DNA was extracted from five individual J2 juveniles from a single cyst using QIAamp DNA micro kit (Qiagen®), and two gene regions amplified: internal transcribed spacer region of ribosomal RNA (ITS-rRNA) with primer pair AB28 and TW81 and cytochrome oxidase 1 (CO1) with primer pair JB3 and JB5 (Bowles et al. 1992; Curran et al. 1994; Derycke et al. 2005). One PCR reaction contained 10 µM (1 µl each) of each primer, 12.5 µl of OneTaq® DNA Polymerase and 5 µl of DNA template with a final volume of 25 µl. PCR products were sent for purification and Sanger sequencing at Macrogen (Seoul, Rep. of Korea). All resulting sequences were trimmed, aligned, and analysed using Geneious Prime® 2022.0.1 (www.geneious.com). Five ITS sequences (accessions ON402852-ON402856) and five CO1 sequences (accessions ON402857-ON402861) were submitted to GenBank. These ITS sequences were very similar to each other and exhibited 99.16-100% similarity with that of H. mani isolate from Hamminkeln, Germany (AY148377) (Subbotin et al. 2018). The CO1 sequences exhibited 98.96-100% similarity with that of H. mani isolate from Washington, USA (MG523097) (Subbotin et al. 2003). Obtained sequences were mapped to reference sequences downloaded from NCBI GenBank and maximum likelihood phylogenetic trees were calculated. Due to the lack of further living nematode material, pot experiments were not performed. Such experiments are not feasible in Tasmania currently and transfer of live nematode material to the Australian mainland presents logistic and legal issues. However, morphological and molecular evidence for species determination of H. mani was unequivocal and contributes to the list of cyst nematode species present in Australia. This is the first detection of H. mani in Australia and is a range extension of the species from North America, Africa, and Europe to Australia. The nematode may cause damage to perennial ryegrass in Australia, however, impact on yield still needs to be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akshita Jain
- Agriculture Victoria Research, Plant Pathology, AgriBio, Centre for AgriBioscience, 5 Ring Road, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, 3083
- La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, 3083;
| | - John Wainer
- Agriculture Victoria Research, Department of Jobs, Precincts and Regions, Bundoora, Australia 3083, Plant Pathology, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia;
| | - Daniel C Huston
- Australian National Insect Collection, National Research Collection Australia, CSIRO, PO Box 1700, Canberra, ACT, Australia 2601, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia;
| | - Mike Hodda
- Australian National Insect Collection, National Research Collection Australia, CSIRO, PO Box 1700, Canberra, ACT, Australia 2601, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia;
| | - Quang Dinh
- Agriculture Victoria, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia;
| | - Ross Mann
- Victoria Department of Jobs Precincts and Regions, Microbial Sciences. Pests and Diseases, AgriBio, Centre for Agribioscience, 5 Ring Road, BUNDOORA, Victoria, Australia, 3083
- Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, 3083;
| | | | - Jacqueline Edwards
- DEDJTR, Agriculture Victoria- Plant Pathology, 5 Ring Road, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia, 3083;
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Kong Y, Yang S, Liu W, Wang L, Gu X. First Report of Powdery Mildew Caused by Podosphaera xanthii on Cosmos bipinnata in Northeastern China. Plant Dis 2022; 107:1222. [PMID: 36044645 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-04-22-0986-pdn] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Cosmos bipinnata (Cav.) is a common garden flowering plant with high ornamental value in China, and which is also widely distributed as a landscaping plant in northeastern China. During the summer of 2020, powdery mildew on C. bipinnata was observed in the garden of Best West Fortune Hotel, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China. More than 70% of plants in the garden were affected but at low severity, with only a few older leaves showing yellowing and wilting. Powdery mildew colonies began as small white spots on the upper surface of both young and mature leaves, and then spread to entire leaves. Conidia collected from infected plant tissues were ellipsoid-ovoid to barrel-shaped, with distinct fibrosin bodies visible in their cytoplasm, and measured 20 to 28 × 14 to 19 μm with a length/width ratio of 1.5 to 2.0 (n = 30). Conidiophores were unbranched, straight, 92 to 230 × 9 to 15 μm in size, and produced four to six immature conidia in chains (n = 30). Foot cells of conidiophores were cylindrical and 40 to 70 μm long, with light constriction at the basal septum, and followed by one to three short cells. Fungal hyphae were septate, branched, flexuous to straight, and up to 5 μm wide with indistinct to slightly nipple-shaped appressoria. Chasmothecia were absent in the collected infected samples. The morphological characteristics were consistent with Podosphaera xanthii reported by Braun and Cook (2012). For molecular identification, total gDNA was extracted from fungal colonies on infected leaves of three collections separately. For each DNA sample, the part of LSU and ITS regions were amplified using primers LSU1/LSU2 and ITS1/ITS4 (Scholin et al. 1994; White et al. 1990), respectively. BLASTn analysis of the 617bp (OP218411) and 563bp (MW166865) amplicons revealed 99.67% to 100% sequence identity with respective rDNA sequences of P. xanthii isolates present in GenBank (LSU: KY860729 and MK439610; ITS: MT242593 and MK439611). The phylogenetic trees were constructed using the neighbor-joining method in MEGA 5.0. Based on the ITS rDNA phylogenetic tree, the sequences retrieved from the specimens clustered within a strongly supported clade with P. xanthii. On the basis of morphological characteristics and molecular analysis, the isolate was identified as P. xanthii. Koch's postulates were carried out to prove the pathogenicity of the isolate. A pathogenicity test was performed by dusting conidia from an infected leaf onto young leaves of five healthy C. bipinnata plants in the greenhouse with five non-inoculated plants as a control. Powdery mildew symptoms were observed on inoculated leaves after 7 days of inoculation at 20/25°C (night/day) and 75% relative humidity, whereas control plants remained asymptomatic. The fungus on inoculated leaves was morphologically identified as that observed on the original diseased leaves. P. xanthii has been reported on several hosts in China, such as Zinnia elegans, Verbena bonariensis and Melothria indica (Fan et al. 2022; Hong et al. 2021; Zhong et al. 2022). To our knowledge, this is the first report of P. xanthii infecting C. bipinnata in northeastern China, and the information presented in this note will assist the horticultural industry on developing management strategies for this disease in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Kong
- Baise University, College of Agriculture and Food Engineering, Baise, Guangxi, China;
| | - Shuai Yang
- Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Industrial Crop, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China;
| | - Wei Liu
- Wuhu Institute of Technology, Wuhu, Anhui, China;
| | - Ling Wang
- Institute of Crop Cultivation and Tillage, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 368 Xuefu Road, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China, 150086;
| | - Xin Gu
- Wuhu Institute of Technology, Wuhu, Anhui, China;
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Detranaltes C, Saldanha M, Scofield SR, Cai G. First report of Fusarium commune causing root rot of soybean seedlings in Indiana. Plant Dis 2022; 106:3216. [PMID: 35549327 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-04-22-0870-pdn] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In the summer of 2020, 127 soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr] seedlings (V1-V3 stage) with reduced growth vigor were sampled as part of a bulk collection of seedling pathogens from Purdue's Agronomy Center for Research and Education in West Lafayette, Indiana. After rinsing off soil, one plant displayed prominent necrotic lesions on both cotyledons and the hypocotyl and rot of the roots. Root tissue segments measuring roughly 5 mm in length and adjacent to lesions were excised and surface sterilized in 0.6% NaOCl for 10 min, then in 70% ethanol for 2 min, rinsed thrice in sterile distilled H2O, and plated on dichloran-chloramphenicol-peptone agar (Andrews and Pitt 1986). Single-spore cultures were produced and grown on potato dextrose agar. The isolate (AC101) developed white aerial mycelium, rings of magenta coloration in the media, and pale orange sporodochia with age. Microscopic observation of two-week-old cultures grown on synthetic low-nutrient agar (NRRL Medium No. 4) in the dark at 28°C revealed 2-3 septate falcate macroconidia measuring 17.1 - 43.9 × 2.8 - 3.5 µm (avg. 29.4 × 3.1 µm, n=20); 0-1 septate straight to slightly curved microconidia measuring 3.9 - 8.6 × 1.9 - 2.5 µm (avg. 7.0 × 2.2 µm, n=20); and round chlamydospores borne singly or doubly with diameter measuring 6.1 - 14.2 µm (avg. 8.9 µm, n=20). These characteristics were consistent with descriptions of Fusarium commune K. Skovg., O'Donnell & Nirenberg (Skovgaard et al. 2003). DNA was extracted from aerial mycelium and the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region using ITS1/ITS4 primers (White et al. 1990) (GenBank accession MW463361), the mitochondrial small subunit (mtSSU) rDNA using MS1/MS2 primers (White et al. 1990) (MW466537), and the translation elongation factor 1-alpha (TEF1α) gene using 983F/1567R primers (Rehner and Buckley 2005) (MW475296) were amplified and sequenced. Blast searches in GenBank showed that these sequences had 100% identity with corresponding sequences of F. commune (ITS: MN452698; mtSSU: AF362277; and TEF1α: KU171720). The matching mtSSU sequence was an accession from the original species description (Skovgaard et al. 2003). A pathogenicity test was conducted under greenhouse conditions (20-29°C, avg. 24°C) following the infested soil protocol of Ellis et al. (2013a). Ten seeds (cv. Williams) each were used in inoculated and mock-inoculated control treatments with one seed per foam cup. Root rot symptoms similar to, but more destructive than those observed in the field, were observed 14 days after planting on all inoculated plants but not on controls. Inoculated plants reached VE stage compared to controls which reached VC. Disease symptoms included severe necrotic lesions on the cotyledons, dark brown rot of the developing tap root, and brown hypocotyl lesions similar to field symptoms. F. commune was successfully reisolated from inoculated plants, but not from controls, as described above. F. commune has been reported to cause soybean root rot in China (Chang et al. 2018), Korea (Choi et al. 2020), as well as Iowa (Ellis et al. 2013b). To our knowledge this is the first report of F. commune infecting soybean seedlings in the state of Indiana. The expanded distribution of this soybean pathogen warrants heightened attention for its control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Detranaltes
- Purdue University System, 8522, Botany and Plant Pathology, 915 W State St, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States, 47907;
| | - Meghna Saldanha
- Purdue University System, 8522, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States;
| | | | - Guohong Cai
- USDA/ARS, Crop Production and Pest Control Research Unit, Lilly B462A, 915 West State Street, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States, 47907
- Purdue University System, 8522, Botany and Plant Pathology, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States, 47907-2050;
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Xia LK, Cao YY, Wang J, Zhang J, Han SB, Li HY, Duan CX. First Report of Fusarium culmorum Causing Maize Stalk Rot in China. Plant Dis 2022; 106:1521. [PMID: 34705486 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-07-21-1442-pdn] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- L K Xia
- Institute of Crop Sciences/National Key Facility of Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
- Institute of Cereal Crops, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Maize Biology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Y Y Cao
- Institute of Cereal Crops, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Maize Biology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - J Wang
- Department of Biological Center, Harbin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150028, China
| | - J Zhang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - S B Han
- Institute of Cereal Crops, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Maize Biology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - H Y Li
- Institute of Cereal Crops, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Maize Biology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - C X Duan
- Institute of Crop Sciences/National Key Facility of Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
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Kumar A, Rout BM, Choudhary S, Sureja AK, Baranwal VK, Pant RP, Kaur B, Jain RK, Basavaraj YB. First Report of Cucurbit Chlorotic Yellows Virus Infecting Pumpkin in India. Plant Dis 2022; 106:PDIS07211473PDN. [PMID: 34818913 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-07-21-1473-pdn] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ashwini Kumar
- Division of Plant Pathology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi-110 012, India
| | - Bichhinna M Rout
- Division of Vegetable Science, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi-110 012, India
| | - Shakshi Choudhary
- Division of Plant Pathology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi-110 012, India
| | - Amish K Sureja
- Division of Vegetable Science, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi-110 012, India
| | - Virendra K Baranwal
- Division of Plant Pathology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi-110 012, India
| | - Rajendra P Pant
- Division of Plant Pathology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi-110 012, India
| | - Baljeet Kaur
- Division of Plant Pathology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi-110 012, India
| | - Rakesh K Jain
- Division of Plant Pathology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi-110 012, India
| | - Y B Basavaraj
- Division of Plant Pathology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi-110 012, India
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Senthilkumar D, Rajukumar K, Venkatesh G, Singh F, Tosh C, Kombiah S, Dubey CK, Chakravarty A, Barman NN, Singh VP. Complete genome analysis of African swine fever virus isolated from domestic pigs during the first ASF outbreaks in India. Transbound Emerg Dis 2022; 69:e2020-e2027. [PMID: 35338792 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.14536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
African swine fever (ASF), considered as the most dreadful swine disease due to its very high mortality, emerged in India in 2020. The complete genome analysis of ASF viruses isolated during the first outbreaks in India showed a few unique non-synonymous mutations in MGF 369-11L, MGF 505-4R, K205R and B263R genes. Frame shifts in the protein coding sequences were observed in DP60R, ASFV-G_ACD 00190, MGF 110-10-L- MGF110-14L fusion, MGF 360-14L and I267L genes of Indian ASF viruses as compared to ASFV/Georgia/2007. Complete genome based phylogenetic analysis of p72-genotype-II viruses showed the clustering of Indian isolates with ASFV/Wuhan/2019 in a separate clade. Phylogenetic analysis of concatenated sequences of 14 open reading frames (ORF) having single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) showed distinct grouping of Indian ASFVs with other Asian ASFVs. This is the first complete genome characterization of ASF viruses isolated from domestic pigs in India. The results indicate that number of Tandem Repeat Sequence (TRS) in the intergenic region between I73R and I329L genes, and the 14 ORFs with SNP reported in this study could be the genetic determinants to differentiate the closely related p72-genotype II viruses circulating in Asia. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Fateh Singh
- ICAR-National Institute of High Security Animal Diseases, Bhopal, India
| | - Chakradhar Tosh
- ICAR-National Institute of High Security Animal Diseases, Bhopal, India
| | - Subbiah Kombiah
- ICAR-National Institute of High Security Animal Diseases, Bhopal, India
| | - Chandan K Dubey
- ICAR-National Institute of High Security Animal Diseases, Bhopal, India
| | | | - Nagendra N Barman
- College of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University, Guwahati, India
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Liu Q, Wang R, Song Q, Wang J, Shi Y, Ding W, Tan L. First Report of Colletotrichum boninense Causing Anthracnose on Aucuba japonica in Guizhou Province of China. Plant Dis 2022; 106:2755. [PMID: 35285256 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-12-21-2629-pdn] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Aucuba japonica is a plant with colorful leaves that is widely used in landscaping. Due to its shade tolerance and cold resistance (Li et al. 2013), A. japonica has become a dominant plant species in Guiyang city, China. From 2018 to 2021, an anthracnose disease was observed on A. japonica in Huaxi District (26°23'03'' N, 106°37'58'' E), Guiyang, Guizhou Province. The incidence of anthracnose in newly planted A. japonica reached 90%, resulting in a mortality rate of 30%. This has become a major disease for A. japonica in Guiyang. Typical symptoms include faded spots that initially appear at the infection center, followed by black-brown lesions with irregular edges. At the latter stage, slightly raised black spots are seen arranged in a wheel pattern. In severe cases, diseased leaves fall off. To identify the pathogen, leaf pieces (5 mm × 3 mm) containing symptomatic tissue with healthy margins were excised. The pieces were sterilized with 75% ethanol for 1 min, rinsed three times with sterile water, and cultured on potato dextrose agar (PDA) in Petri dishes at 26°C. White to cream colonies were developed after growth on PDA for 2 days. Mycelial growth ranged from 4.8 to 5.0 mm/day. Conidia were cylindrical, obtuse apex, and protruding base, with dimensions of 18.5 to 20.0 × 7.0 to 9.0 μm (n = 20). Conidial length:breadth ratio was 2-3 (n = 20). Acervuli and sclerotia had not been seen on PDA. To confirm the species of the isolate, PCR was performed on extracted DNA to amplify the ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS), a 200-bp intron of the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), a partial sequence of the calmodulin (CAL) gene, and the large subunit (LSU) region by using the primer pairs ITS1/ITS4 (Schoch et al. 2012), GDF1/GDR1 (Guerber et al. 2003), CAL228F/CAL737R (Carbone & Kohn 1999), and NL1/NL4 (Ziemiecki et al. 1990), respectively. The obtained 553 bp ITS sequence (Genbank accession no. MZ424503) showed 99.82% similarity with several C. boninense sequences (MN429163, MN542218, KM520024, and KM520014). The obtained 233 bp GAPDH sequence (OM643394) showed 99.07% similarity with C. boninense (MT602277, GQ221769, MK544890, and MK544888). The obtained 763 bp CAL sequence (OM313386) showed 99.32% similarity with C. boninense (MK569127). The obtained 584 bp LSU sequence (OK513272) showed 99.83% similarity with C. boninense (MH876452, MH877053, and MH876450). Phylogenic trees based on the sequences of ITS, GAPDH, and CAL (Damm et al. 2012), the species of isolate was confirmed as C. boninense. To confirm pathogenicity and to fulfill Koch's postulates, leaves of five A. japonica plants were wounded with a sterilized hypodermic needle and inoculated with 1 μL of a conidial suspension (106 conidia/mL). As control, 5 plants were inoculated with 1 μL of sterile water. After 7 days in a moist climate chamber at 26°C under a 16 h/8 h light/dark cycle, symptoms appeared on all inoculated leaves, while the control leaves remained healthy. The pathogen was reisolated from the inoculated leaves, and was confirmed to be C. boninense using the same morphological and molecular methods as before. C. boninense has been reported to infect many plant species, including Capsicum annuum, Rosa chinensis, and Eucalyptus robusta (Ding et al. 2021; Tozze et al. 2009; Zhang et al. 2018). Another Colletotrichum pathogen, C. fructicola, was reported to cause anthracnose on A. japonica in China (Gong et al. 2016). To our knowledge, this is the first report of A. japonica anthracnose disease caused by C. boninense in Guizhou province, China. Identifying this pathogen provides a foundation to prevent this complex disease and to reduce economic loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuping Liu
- Guizhou Normal University, 12686, School of Life Sciences, Guiyang, Guizhou, China;
| | - Renfen Wang
- Guizhou Normal University, 12686, School of Life Sciences, Guiyang, Guizhou, China;
| | - Qin Song
- Guizhou Normal University, 12686, School of Life Sciences, Guiyang, Guizhou, China;
| | - Jiahua Wang
- Guizhou Normal University, 12686, School of Life Sciences, Guiyang, Guizhou, China;
| | - Yiming Shi
- Guizhou Normal University, 12686, School of Life Sciences, Guiyang, Guizhou, China;
| | - Wei Ding
- Southwest University, 26463, College of Plant Protection, Chongqing, China;
| | - Leitao Tan
- Guizhou Normal University, 12686, School of Life Sciences, Guiyang, Guizhou, China;
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Yang S, Kong Y, Guo M, Dong X, Min F, Wei Q, Wang W, Mao Y, Gu X, Wang L. First Report of Black Scurf Caused by Rhizoctonia solani AG 2-2IV on Potato tubers in Heilongjiang Province, China. Plant Dis 2022; 106:2996. [PMID: 35285262 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-12-21-2801-pdn] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Black scurf and stem canker on potato (Solanum tuberosum L.), caused by Rhizoctonia solani, is one of the most important soil-borne diseases throughout the world. Isolates of R. solani anastomosis group (AG) 3-PT have been reported as the predominant cause of the disease on potato (Carling 1996) and the same results were also obtained in Heilongjiang Province, China (Yang et al. 2017). In October 2020, 14 diseased potato tubers (cv. Youjin-885) with symptoms typically associated with black scurf were found in Hegang City of Heilongjiang in Northeast China, where potatoes are grown for propagation in the breeding nursery. Pieces of sclerotia were removed from the surface of the potato and were surface sterilized with 70% ethanol for 30 s and 0.5% NaClO for 1 min, then rinsed three times with sterile distilled water and placed on potato dextrose agar (PDA) at 25°C in the dark. After incubation for 48 to 72 h, mycelia resembling Rhizoctonia were microscopically examined for morphological characteristics, and hyphal tips transferred to fresh plates of PDA. The characteristics of the observed isolate were typical of R. solani Kühn, which include hyphal branching at right angles, a septum near the branching point and a slight constriction at the branch base (Yang et al. 2015). Hyphal cells were also determined to be multinucleate by staining with 1% safranin O and 3% KOH solution (Bandoni 1979). PCR amplification and DNA sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of the ribosomal DNA (rDNA) was performed by using the universal primers ITS4/ITS5 (White et al. 1990). The resulting sequence of 700 bp (GenBank accession no. OL770460) showed more than 99% identity to AG 2-2IV isolates present in GenBank (e.g. AB911322; KR259910). On the basis of morphological characteristics and molecular analysis, the isolate was identified as R. solani AG 2-2IV. Pathogenicity of the isolate was tested in greenhouse conditions. Pathogen-free minitubers (cv. Favorita) of approximately the same size (10 to 20 g) were allowed to sprout at room temperature for 10 days. The minitubers were then planted in autoclaved soil in a plastic pot (4 L capacity), placed in a greenhouse at 18 - 27°C (night-day) with 50% relative humidity and watered as required. The pots were inoculated with 7-mm-diameter mycelial plugs (from one PDA petri plate) near the minituber, which was then covered with potting mix. The control pots were inoculated with sterile plugs of PDA. Each treatment consisted of 10 plants, and the experiment was repeated three times. Two months after stems emerged, plants and progeny tubers were harvested and assessed for disease. Stem cankers typical of R. solani infection and black scurf were observed on plants grown in pots inoculated the mycelial plugs, but the control plants remained disease free. Fungi reisolated from symptomatic stems and tubers were identified as R. solani AG 2-2IV using morphological characters and ITS sequences.Sclerotia were observed on PDA by incubating at 25oC in the dark. Although eight AGs have been previously shown to cause black scurf and stem canker in Heilongjiang (Li et al. 2014; Yang et al. 2015; Yang et al. 2017; Yang et al. 2019; Yang et al. 2020), to our knowledge, this is the first report of AG 2-2IV causing disease on potatoes in Heilongjiang Province, the main potato seed production area of China. Early detection of R. solani AG 2-2IV during potato seed production is necessary to prevent its dispersal via infected tubers to other fields across China. The information of which AG is present will assist in developing management strategies for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Yang
- Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 74727, Potato Research Institute, Harbin, China;
| | - Yu Kong
- Baise University, 372245, College of Agriculture and Food Engineering, Baise, Guangxi, China;
| | - Mei Guo
- Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 74727, Potato Research Institute, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China;
| | - Xuezhi Dong
- Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 74727, Potato Research Institute, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China;
| | - Fanxiang Min
- Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 74727, Potato Research Institute, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China;
| | - Qi Wei
- Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 74727, Potato Research Institute, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China;
| | - Wenzhong Wang
- Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 74727, Potato Research Institute, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China;
| | - Yanzhi Mao
- Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 74727, Potato Research Institute, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China;
| | - Xin Gu
- ianqing streetJiamusi, Heilongjiang, China, 154007;
| | - Ling Wang
- Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 74727, Institute of Crop Cultivation and Tillage, Harbin, China;
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengyong He
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193
| | - Xiaoli Zhao
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193
| | - Lingjiao Fan
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193
| | - Shifang Li
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193
- Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101
| | - Hongqing Wang
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193
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Li W, Ran F, Long Y, Mo F, Shu R, Yin X. Evidences of Colletotrichum fructicola Causing Anthracnose on Passiflora edulis Sims in China. Pathogens 2021; 11:6. [PMID: 35055953 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11010006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Passion fruit (Passiflora edulis) is a tropical and subtropical plant that is widely cultivated in China due to its high nutritional value, unique flavor and medicinal properties. In August 2020, typical anthracnose symptoms with light brown and water-soaked lesions on Passiflora edulis Sims were observed, which result in severe economic losses. The incidence of this disease was approximately 30%. The pathogens from the infected fruit were isolated and purified by the method of tissue isolation. Morphological observations showed that the colony of isolate BXG-2 was gray to celadon and grew in concentric circles. The orange conidia appeared in the center after 14 days of incubation. The pathogenicity was verified by Koch’s postulates. The internal transcribed spacer (ITS), chitin synthase (CHS-1), actin (ACT), and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) were amplified by relevant PCR programs. The multi-gene (ITS, GAPDH, ACT, CHS-1) phylogeny analysis confirmed that isolate BXG-2 belongs to Colletotrichum fructicola. The inhibitory effect of six synthetic fungicides on the mycelial growth of the pathogen was investigated, among which difenoconazole 10% WG showed the best inhibitory effect against C. fructicola with an EC50 value of 0.5579 mg·L−1. This is the first report of anthracnose on Passiflora edulis Sims caused by Colletotrichum fructicola in China.
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Kampen H, Tews BA, Werner D. First Evidence of West Nile Virus Overwintering in Mosquitoes in Germany. Viruses 2021; 13:2463. [PMID: 34960732 DOI: 10.3390/v13122463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Mosquitoes collected from mid-December 2020 to early March 2021 from hibernacula in northeastern Germany, a region of West Nile virus (WNV) activity since 2018, were examined for WNV-RNA. Among the 6101 mosquitoes tested in 722 pools of up to 12 specimens, one pool of 10 Culex pipiens complex mosquitoes collected in early March 2021 in the cellar of a medieval castle in Rosslau, federal state of Saxony-Anhalt, tested positive. Subsequent mosquito DNA analysis produced Culex pipiens biotype pipiens. The pool homogenate remaining after nucleic acid extraction failed to grow the virus on Vero and C6/36 cells. Sequencing of the viral NS2B-NS3 coding region, however, demonstrated high homology with virus strains previously collected in Germany, e.g., from humans, birds, and mosquitoes, which have been designated the East German WNV clade. The finding confirms the expectation that WNV can overwinter in mosquitoes in Germany, facilitating an early start to the natural transmission season in the subsequent year. On the other hand, the calculated low infection prevalence of 0.016–0.20%, depending on whether one or twelve of the mosquitoes in the positive pool was/were infected, indicates a slow epidemic progress and mirrors the still-hypoendemic situation in Germany. In any case, local overwintering of the virus in mosquitoes suggests its long-term persistence and an enduring public health issue.
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Zhou X, Liang WF, Si GB, Li JH, Chen ZF, Cai WY, Lv DH, Wen XH, Zhai Q, Zhai SL, Liao M, He DS. Buffalo-Origin Seneca Valley Virus in China: First Report, Isolation, Genome Characterization, and Evolution Analysis. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:730701. [PMID: 34760955 PMCID: PMC8573120 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.730701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pigs are the main host of Seneca Valley virus (SVV), previously known as Senecavirus A (SVA). Pigs affected by SVV have vesicles in the nose, hooves, and limp and may cause death in some severe cases. Occasionally, SVV has also been detected in mice, houseflies, environmental equipment, and corridors in pig farms. Moreover, it was successfully isolated from mouse tissue samples. In this study, an SVV strain (SVA/GD/China/2018) was isolated from a buffalo with mouth ulcers in the Guangdong province of China using seven mammalian cell lines (including BHK-21, NA, PK-15, ST, Vero, Marc-145, and MDBK). The genome of SVA/GD/China/2018 consists of 7,276 nucleotides. Multiple-sequence alignment showed that SVA/GD/China/2018 shared the highest nucleotide similarity (99.1%) with one wild boar-origin SVV strain (Sichuan HS-01) from the Sichuan province of China. Genetic analysis revealed that SVA/GD/China/2018 clustered with those porcine-origin SVV strains. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of SVV infection in buffalo, which might expand the host range of the virus. Surveillance should be expanded, and clinical significance of SVV needs to be further evaluated in cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, Ministry of Agriculture of Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei-Fang Liang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guang-Bin Si
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jin-Hui Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Fei Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei-You Cai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dian-Hong Lv
- Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, Ministry of Agriculture of Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Hui Wen
- Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, Ministry of Agriculture of Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qi Zhai
- Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, Ministry of Agriculture of Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shao-Lun Zhai
- Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, Ministry of Agriculture of Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ming Liao
- Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, Ministry of Agriculture of Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dong-Sheng He
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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Zhang Y, Chen C, Zhao J, Chen C, Lin J, Jayawardena RS, Xiang M, Manawasinghe IS, You C. Fusarium elaeidis Causes Stem and Root Rot on Alocasia longiloba in South China. Pathogens 2021; 10:1395. [PMID: 34832551 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10111395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Alocasia longiloba is a popular ornamental plant in China, however pests and diseases associated with A. longiloba reduce the ornamental value of this plant. From 2016 to 2021, stem and root rot has been observed on A. longiloba in Guangdong Province, China. Once the disease became severe, plants wilted and died. A fungus was isolated from the diseased stem and identified as Fusarium elaeidis using both morphological characteristics and molecular analysis of DNA-directed RNA polymerase II subunit (rpb2), translation elongation factor-1α (tef1) gene and β-tubulin (tub2) sequence data. The pathogenicity test showed the fungus was able to produce typical symptoms on A. longiloba similar to those observed in the field. The original pathogen was reisolated from inoculated plants fulfilling Koch’s postulates. This is the first report of Fusarium elaeidis causing stem rot on A. longiloba. These results will provide a baseline to identify and control diseases associated with A. longiloba.
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Paulraj PS, Renu G, Ranganathan K, Leo VJ, Veeramanoharan R. First seroprevalence report of scrub typhus from the tribal belts of the Nilgiris district, Tamil Nadu, India. Indian J Med Res 2021; 153:503-507. [PMID: 34380797 PMCID: PMC8354048 DOI: 10.4103/ijmr.ijmr_1223_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background & objectives Scrub typhus, an acute febrile Rickettsial disease is caused by the bacterial pathogen Orientia tsutsugamushi which is spread by the bite of infected chigger mite vectors belonging to the family Trombiculidae. A study was undertaken to find out the prevalence of scrub typhus among the indigenous population from Nilgiris, Tamil Nadu. Methods This study was conducted among 214 patients with fever of unknown aetiology and a recent history of febrile illness attending the Nilgiris Adivasi Welfare Association medical facilities available at Nilgiris district, Tamil Nadu. Serum samples were tested for scrub typhus IgM enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results Overall, 13 (6.07%) of the 214 samples tested were positive for scrub typhus. This is the first seroprevalence report of scrub typhus from the indigenous people belonging to Irula, Kurumba, Paniyar, and Kota tribes from the Nilgiris district, Tamil Nadu. Interpretation & conclusions Early diagnosis and effective management will protect this indigenous population from this disease. This report would help in creating awareness regarding scrub typhus infection among clinicians and public health authorities in the region and take appropriate measures for treatment and control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Samuel Paulraj
- Department of Health Research, ICMR-Vector Control Rresearch Centre-Field Station, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Govindarajan Renu
- Department of Health Research, ICMR-Vector Control Rresearch Centre-Field Station, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Victor Jerald Leo
- Department of Health Research, ICMR-Vector Control Rresearch Centre-Field Station, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Rajamannar Veeramanoharan
- Department of Health Research, ICMR-Vector Control Rresearch Centre-Field Station, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India
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Abstract
Strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) is one of the most important horticultural plants worldwide with high economic and nutritional value. Strawberry associated virus 1 (SaV1) is a putative Cytorhabdovirus isolated from strawberry in Fujian province, China (Ding et al., 2019). Strawberry virus 1 (StrV-1) is another putative Cytorhabdovirus characterized from F. ananassa and F. vesca in Czech Republic (Fránová et al., 2019). The complete genomes of isolates of SaV1 and StrV-1 share 79 to 98% nucleotide (nt) identities. In August 2020, foliar chlorotic spots or streaks were observed in four strawberry cultivars (cv. Honeoye, Mibao, 8128 and All Star) in Yantai, Shandong province, China. To identify the associated viruses, symptomatic leaves from two plants of each cultivar (8 samples) were pooled for high-throughput sequencing (HTS). Total RNA was extracted from the composite sample and used for constructing a cDNA library after ribosomal RNA (rRNA)-depletion. Sequencing was carried out on Illumina Hiseq 4000 (Novogene, China). Raw reads were filtered, trimmed and de novo assembled as described previously (Grabherr et al., 2013; Zhou et al. 2020). The resulting contigs were screened by BLASTn and BLASTx against GenBank database. Subsequent analyses indicated the presence of strawberry vein banding virus, strawberry pallidosis associated virus and strawberry mottle virus in the analyzed sample, which had been reported previously in strawberry (Martin and Tzanetakis, 2013; Shi et al., 2018; Bhagwat et al., 2016). Besides, five contigs ranging from 266 to 6,057 nt were obtained. They shared 87 to 91% nt sequence identity with StrV-1 isolate B (GenBank accession no. MK211271). To confirm StrV-1 infection in the strawberry plants, total RNA was isolated from all eight samples using RNAprep Pure Plant Plus Kit (Tiangen, China). Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was conducted with two pairs of specific primers StrVp1 (Forward: 5'-CATTACTGAAGCATTCCGTG-3'/Reverse: 5'-AGATATCACGCACAGTGAC-3'), and StrVp2 (Forward: 5'-TTGCGCGAAGCGGATGTCCG-3'/Reverse: 5'-GGCTGCCAGAGCGTTGGATG-3'), targeting nt positions 70-1,231 and 7,825-9,348 of StrV-1 isolate B, respectively. Fragments with the expected sizes were amplified from two samples of cv. All Star. The amplicons were cloned, sequenced, and deposited in GenBank under accession no. MW419123-124 and MW645247-248. Both protein encoding sequences shared 91 to 92% and 80 to 84% nt identities with the corresponding sequences of StrV-1 isolate B and SaV1, respectively, indicating that the isolates from this study are genetic variants of StrV-1 and distantly related to SaV1. Crude sap was prepared by homogenizing leaf tissues of StrV-1 infected strawberry in 0.02 mol/L sodium phosphate buffer with 0.45% (w/v) sodium diethyldithiocarbamate thihydrate, then gently rubbed onto five healthy Nicotiana benthamiana plants. Neither the inoculated leaves nor the systemically infected leaves showed obvious symptoms seven days post inoculation. However, StrV-1 was detected by RT-PCR in all five N. benthamiana plants as described above. In addition, a survey of strawberry greenhouses was conducted in August 2020 and approximately 10% of plants in a 667 m2 greenhouse in Yantai had StrV-1-like symptoms. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of the occurrence of StrV-1 infecting strawberry in Shandong province, China. Our findings expand the geographic range and genetic diversity of StrV-1 and indicate it could be a potential virus threat to strawberry production in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengyong He
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, Beijing, China;
| | - Dehang Gao
- China Agricultural University, 34752, Beijing, China;
| | - Lingjiao Fan
- China Agricultural University, 34752, Beijing, China;
| | - Tengfei Xu
- China Agricultural University, 34752, Beijing, China;
| | - Fei Xing
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2, Beijing, China, 100193;
| | - Shifang Li
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yuanmingyuan west No2,Haidian District, Beijing, China, 100094;
| | - Hongqing Wang
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Department of Fruit Science, Beijing, China;
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Loganathan M, Thangavelu R, P P, Kalimuthu M, Ramesh R, Selvarajan R, Uma S. First report of rhizome rot of banana caused by Klebsiella variicola in India. Plant Dis 2021; 105:2011. [PMID: 33673773 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-10-20-2316-pdn] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Rhizome rot or soft rot disease is one of the major problems in banana (Musa spp.) cultivation, as it causes germination failure and death of early stage plants. A roving survey conducted during 2017 to 2019 in the major banana growing states of India indicated a 5-30% incidence of rhizome rot in commercial cultivars. The symptoms observed were yellowing of leaves, necrotic drying with or without heart rot, and yellow or brown water soaked spots with dark brown margins in the rhizomes. Decay of tissues, cavity formation and brown ooze with foul smell, and toppling were also observed. To isolate bacteria, dissected diseased tissues were surface sterilized and plated on Crystal Violet Pectate (CVP) medium. Of 60 samples plated on CVP medium, three samples collected from cvs. NeyPoovan-AB (Karur, Tamil Nadu, 10°56'36.8"N;78°24'12.5"E), Grand Naine-AAA (Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, 10°47'26.1"N;78°34'14.8"E) and Thellachakkarakeli-AAA (East-Godavari, Andhra Pradesh, 16°51'32.1"N;81°46'08.4"E), did not yield any bacteria; however, when plated on nutrient agar, they produced whitish to dull white, mucoid, raised, round and translucent colonies, and three isolates were named as NPK-3-48, GTC-5 and 1-1B-3, respectively. Because these colonies were distinct from colonies obtained on CVP medium (which were analyzed and confirmed separately as Pectobaterium sp.) (Gokul et al. 2019), they were further characterized. Amplification of 16S rDNA genes of NPK-3-48, GTC-5 and 1-1B-3 isolates using universal primers (27F 5' - AGAGTTTGATCCTGGCTCAG - 3'; 1492 R 5' - GGTTACCTTGTTACGACTT - 3') and rpoB gene (Rosenblueth et al. 2004) was carried; the amplicons were sequenced and deposited in NCBI (Accessions MW036529-MW036531; MW497572-MW497574). Phylogenetic analysis of rpoB clearly showed that the isolates NPK-3-48, GTC-5, 1-1B-3 are Klebsiella variicola (Rosenblueth et al. 2004) Besides, biochemical tests also indicated that all three isolates were Gram negative, catalase positive, oxidase negative and able to utilize glucose, maltose and citrate (Ajayasree and Borkar 2018). Therefore, the above said morphological, molecular and biochemical analyses carried out indicated that NPK-3-48, GTC-5, 1-1B-3 are of K. variicola. Earlier, K. variicola causing soft rot has been reported on banana in China (Fan et al. 2016), plantain soft rot in Haiti (Fulton et al. 2020) and carrot soft rot in India (Chandrashekar et al. 2018). For pathogenicity tests, these three isolates were grown in nutrient broth for 48 h at 37±1°C and the cells were harvested by centrifugation. Five milliliters of the culture suspension (2×108 CFUmL-1) taken in a syringe was injected into rhizomes of three month old tissue cultured Grand Naine plants. Each bacterial isolate was injected into eight banana plants at soil level. Appropriate controls were maintained. Inoculated plants were maintained in a glasshouse at 32±2°C and after 30-35 days, rhizome rot symptoms appeared in all the three bacterial isolates inoculated plants but in none of the control plants. The Koch's postulates were proved by re-isolation and identification.To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of K. variicola causing rhizome rot disease of banana in India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murugan Loganathan
- ICAR-National Research Centre for Banana, Plant Pathology, ICAR National Research Centre for Banana , Thogamalai Road, Thayanur (Post), Tiruchirapalli-620 102, Tiruchirapalli, Tamil Nadu, India, 620102
- ICAR;
| | - Raman Thangavelu
- ICAR-National Research Centre for Banana, Plant Pathology, ICAR-National, Tiruchirapalli, India, 620102
- 4/115, 16th cross, shanmuganagar UKTIndia;
| | - Pushpakanth P
- ICAR-National Research Centre for Banana, Plant Pathology, Tiruchirapalli, Tamil Nadu, India;
| | - Muthubharathi Kalimuthu
- ICAR-National Research Centre for Banana, Plant Pathology, Tiruchirapalli, Tamil Nadu, India;
| | - R Ramesh
- ICAR Central Coastal Agricultural Research Institute, 105112, Ela, Goa, India;
| | - Ramasamy Selvarajan
- NRC Banana, Plant Pathology - Molecular Virology lab, Thogamali road, Thayanur post, Trichy, Tamil Nadu, India, 620 102;
| | - Subbaraya Uma
- ICAR-National Research Centre for Banana, Crop Improvement, Tiruchirapalli, India;
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Abstract
Grape (cv. Kyoho) is one of the most popular dessert fruits in South Korea. Anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum species is a common and very destructive disease of grape in the country. In 2019, severe outbreaks of anthracnose was observed in different grape orchards in Gimcheon (36º09´N, 128º00´ E), South Korea. The disease incidence on fruit was up to 50% in the orchards with most severe outbreaks and infected fruit displayed typical anthracnose symptoms including sunken necrotic lesions with orange-like conidial mass. For isolation of putative causal agents, nine diseased fruits were collected from three commercial orchards. A total of nineisolates were made from nine of the infected fruit by spreading spore masses (1x106 conidia mL-1) from each fruit on water agar and collecting single germinated spores after incubation at 25 ºC overnigh. The single germinated spores were transferred on to fresh potato dextrose agar (PDA) (Difco, Becton Dickinson) and incubated at 25ºC in the dark. Seven day old colonies were cottony white on the upper side and gray at the center on the reverse side. Conidia were cylindrical with round ends and measured 13.9 - 20.1 × 5.4 - 8.1 μm (mean = 16.5 × 6.6 μm, n = 30). Appressoria were brownish, sub-cylindrical with a few lobes and 10.3 -16.7 × 6.6 - 10.9 μm (mean = 13.1 × 8.1 μm, n = 30). The morphological characteristics of the solates resembled those of Colletotrichum species within the C. gloeosporioides complex (Weir et al. 2012). DNA was amplified using the following primer pairs: ITS1/ITS4, GDF / GDR, ACT-512F / ACT-783R, Bt2a/ Bt2b, and CHS79-F/CHS-354R (Weir et al. 2012). Accession numbers, LC586811 to LC586825 were obtained after depositing all the resulting sequences in GenBank. A 50% majority rules phylogenetic tree (Bayesian phylogenic analysis) was constructed based on concatenated sequences of ITS, GAPDH, ACT, TUB, and CHS using MrBayes 3.2.10. The present isolates formed a single clade with the reference isolates of C. aenigma (isolate ICMP 18608 and ICMP 18686). For a pathogenicity test, healthy grapefruits were collected from an orchards, surface sterilized by dipping in 1% sodium hypochlorite, rinsed with sterilized water and dried by blotting. A conidial suspension (1×106 conidia mL-1) in sterilized water were prepared from one week old colonies of isolates GRAP10 and GRAP12. A small wound was made on sterilized detached fruit by punching with a sterile pin. A drop of the conidial suspension was placed on the wound, while the control fruit received a drop of sterile water. Similarly, unwounded fruit were also inoculated with a single droplet of conidial suspension. For each isolate and method (wounded and unwounded), ten fruit were inoculated, and ten non-inoculated fruit were used as control. All the treated fruit were kept in a plastic box containing moist tissue and incubated at 25º C in the dark. Typical anthracnose lesions appeared on all inoculated wounded fruit while non-inoculated and inoculated unwounded fruits remained asymptotic. Koch postulates were fulfilled by re-isolating and re-identifying the causal agent from inoculated fruit. Colletotrichum aenigma has been reported as the causal agent of anthracnose on Juglans regia, Camellia sinensis and Actinidia arguta in China (Weir et al. 2012; Wang et al. 2016; Wang et al. 2018). Previous studies reported four Colletotrichum species (C. acutatum, C. gloeosporioides, C. fructicola, and C. viniferum) to cause this disease on grapes in South Korea (Oo and Oh 2017; Lim et al. 2020). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on grape anthracnose caused by C. aenigma in South Korea. This finding may help to take effective control measures of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju Sung Kim
- Kyungpook National University, 34986, Department of Ecology & Environmental System, College of Ecology & Environmental Sciences, Sangju, Gyungsangbuk-do, Korea (the Republic of);
| | - Oliul Hassan
- Kyungpook National University, 34986, Department of Ecology & Environmental System, College of Ecology & Environmental Sciences, 2559 Gyungsangdae-ro, Sangju, Gyungsangbuk-do, Korea (the Republic of), 37224;
| | - Taehyun Chang
- Kyungpook National University, Department of Ecology & Environmental System, College of Ecology & Environmental Sciences, 2559 Gyungsangdae-ro, Sangju, Gyungsangbuk-do, Korea (the Republic of), 37224
- Kyung pook national university;
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Cui JK, Ren H, Chen K, Zhou B, Peng D, Li M, Meng H, Jiang S. First report of Heterodera filipjevi on winter wheat from Hebei Province in North China. Plant Dis 2021; 105:1861. [PMID: 33507099 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-11-20-2519-pdn] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Three of the cereal cyst nematodes, Heterodera avenae, H. filipjevi and H. latipons are considered to be the most economically important cyst nematodes that affect cultivated cereals around the world. H. filipjevi was first detected in China from Xuchang, Henan Province in 2010 (Peng et al. 2010) and now has been recorded in the Central China of Henan, Shandong and Anhui provinces and the Northwest China of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region (Cui et al. 2020). In June 2019, 42 samples consisting of roots and soil were collected from winter wheat fields in Hebei Province of North China. Cysts were detected in 37 soil samples with a mean of 6.4 ± 1.67 cysts per 100 ml of soil. Cysts and second-stage juveniles (J2s) were extracted from root and soil following Cobb's sieving gravity method. Morphological and molecular studies of J2s and cysts confirmed its identity with H. filipjevi in 5 samples from Handan (N36°10'052" and E114°35'056"; N36°37'054" and E114°22'052"), Xingtai (N36°53'060" and E114°30'011") and Shijiazhuang (N 37°26'048" and E 116°05'039") in Hebei Province, China. Morphologically, the cysts are lemon-shaped, light or dark brown in color. The vulval cone is bifenestrate with horseshoe-shaped semifenestrae, strongly globular bullae, and well-developed underbridge. Measurements (mean +_ sd (range)) of cysts (n=10), body length not including neck is 743.0 ± 36.1 μm (665 - 780 μm), body width is 559.0 ± 50.0 μm (455 - 639 μm), length / width ratio is 1.33 ± 0.07 (1.20 - 1.46); neck length is 99.3 ± 8.8 μm (85 - 122 μm); fenestrae length is 56.8 ± 5.0 μm (49 - 65 μm) and width is 25.5 ± 1.8 μm (21.1 - 27.8 μm); underbridge length is 84.0 ± 8.1 μm (62 - 93 μm); and vulval slit length is 8.6 ± 0.5 μm (7.2 - 9.1 μm). Measurements of J2s (n = 12), body length is 541 ± 11.4 μm (490 - 578 μm); stylet length is 22.3 ± 0.5 μm (22.0 - 25.0 μm) with anchor-shaped basal knobs; tail length is 57.7 ± 3.7 μm (52.7 - 65.2 μm), and hyaline tail terminal length is 36.5 ± 2.8 μm (32 - 39.8 μm). The tail had a sharp terminus. Morphology of the cysts and J2s were consistent with the record of H. filipjevi (Peng et al. 2010; Subbotin et al. 2010). The amplifications of rDNA-internal transcribed spacer (ITS) fragments were generated with a PCR fragment of 1054 bp from single cysts of each population, using primers TW81 and AB28 (Joyce et al. 1994). The PCR tests for each sample were repeated five times. The PCR product was purified and sequenced. All nucleotide sequences of ITS-rDNA were submitted to GenBank under accession numbers MW282843-6. Sequences from the ITS region were more than 99.5% identical to those of H. filipjevi from Egypt (KF225725), Turkey (KR704308, KR704293 and MN848333) and China (KT314234, MT254744 and KY448473). These results from ITS supported its identity as H. filipjevi. The results were also confirmed by species specific sequence characterized amplified region primers of H. filipjevi (Peng et al. 2013). Pathogenicity of the H. filipjevi was confirmed by infection of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L cv. 'Aikang58') and examination of the nematode development and reproduction. Wheat seeds were germinated in petri dishes and then transplanted into five polyvinyl chloride tubs (3 cm in diameter, 25 cm in length) that contained 150 cm3 of a sterile soil mixture (loamy soil: sand = 1:1), each with 5 cysts (mean of 252.0 eggs/cyst). Plants were grown in an artificial climate box for one week at 14/18°C, two weeks at 16/20°C, five weeks at 18/25°C and two weeks at 22/30°C, under 8 h of darkness/16 h light and normal culturing practices (Cui et al. 2015). The parasitic J2s, third and fourth-stage juveniles, and adult females were observed in roots stained with acid fuchsin at 10, 20, 30, and 50 days after inoculation (DAI), and an average of 32.0 cysts per tubes were extracted 70 DAI. The new cyst' morphological and molecular characteristics were identical to the H. filipjevi cysts from the original soil samples. Three other tubes without cysts were set as control and there were no newly formed cysts. Heterodera avenae and H. filipjevi had been detected in a total of 16 wheat-producing provinces in China, which resulted in losses of 1.9 billion CNY year-1 (Cui et al. 2015). To our knowledge, this is the first report of H. filipjevi in Hebei Province of North China. Cereal cyst nematodes are easily transferred to non-infested areas by many avenues, resulting in increased species and pathotype complexity (Cui et al. 2020). Once H. filipjevi continues to spread in main wheat producing area of China, it could become be a new threat to cereals production. It is time to take effective control methods to prevent H. filipjevi further dispersal, especially through the farming machinery transmission. Hebei Province is one of the most important major grain-producing areas, our findings will be very beneficial for H. filipjevi management and further research on winter wheat in Hebei Province, North China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang-Kuan Cui
- Henan Agricultural University, 70573, College of Plant Protection, No. 95, Wenhua Road, Zhengzhou, China, 450002;
| | - Haohao Ren
- Henan Agricultural University, 70573, College of Plant Protection, Zhengzhou, China;
| | - Kunyuan Chen
- Henan Agricultural University, 70573, College of Plant Protection, Zhengzhou, China;
| | - Bo Zhou
- Henan Agricultural University, 70573, College of Plant Protection, Zhengzhou, China;
| | - Deliang Peng
- Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, West Yuanmingyuan Road No.2,, Beijing, China, 100193;
| | - Minmin Li
- Plant Protection Central Station of Shandong Province, Jinan, China;
| | - Haoguang Meng
- Henan Agricultural University, 70573, College of Plant Protection, Zhengzhou, China;
| | - Shijun Jiang
- Henan Agricultural University, 70573, College of Plant Protection, Zhengzhou, China;
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Huo J, Yao Y, Ben H, Tian T, Yang L, Wang Y, Bai P, Hao Y, Wang W. First Report of Paramyrothecium foliicola Causing Stem Canker of Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) seedlings in China. Plant Dis 2021; 105:1859. [PMID: 33406857 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-10-20-2291-pdn] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In April 2017, stem canker symptoms were observed on cucumber seedings grown in a greenhouse (0.1 ha) in Wuqing District, Tianjin(39°34' N; 117°07' E), China. Initially, the observed symptoms included small necrotic lesions of a light brown color on the stem base. These lesions subsequently spread and turned a darker brown. The leaves of the affected plants turned yellow and wilted. As the disease progressed the plants eventually died. Years of growing cucumbers and sufficient soil moisture in the greenhouse, might have led to a disease incidence of approximately 7%. Symptomatic tissue pieces were surface disinfested in 2% sodium hypochlorite for 60 s, rinsed three times in sterile water, and subsequently plated on potato dextrose agar (PDA) incubated at 25°C . At three days of incubation, mycelia appeared, turned into white and floccose isolated colonies around the excised tissue, and developed olivaceous green concentric rings of sporodochia in the following days. A total of 20 isolates with similar morphology were examined. Five single-spore isolates of isolates designated TJWQPF1-TJWQPF5 were obtained and maintained on PDA at 25°C. Hyaline, cylindrical conidiogenous cells measuring 9.53 to 16.51 × 1.51 to 2.49 μm (n=50) developed in whorls of three to six on terminal branches. Conidia were single-celled, hyaline, and rod-shaped with rounded ends. Conidia size averaged 5.07 - 7.15 × 1.13 - 2.32 μm (n=50). These characteristics are similar to the morphology of Paramyrothecium foliicola (Lombard et al. 2016). To further identify the isolate TJWQPF1, genomic DNA was extracted and the internal transcribed spacer (ITS, White et al. 1990), β-tubulin (tub2, Glass & Donaldson 1995), RNA polymerase II largest subunit (rpb2, O'Donnell et al. 2007) and calmodulin (cmdA, Carbone & Kohn 1999; Groenewald et al. 2013) genes regions were amplified using the primer pairs ITS4/ITS5, Bt2a /Bt2b, RPB2-5F2 /RPB2-7cR, CAL-228F /CAL2Rd , respectively. All sequences were obtained and deposited in GenBank. BLAST searches of the NCBI database revealed that the ITS ( MW092223 ), tub2( MW110635 ) , rpb2 ( MW110637 ) and cmdA ( MW110636 ) sequences of the isolate TJWQPF1 were 100% identical to Paramyrothecium foliicola (GenBank accession numbers MT415351 and MT415352 for ITS sequences; MT415353 for tub2 sequences; MN398028-MN398043 for rpb2 sequences; MN593698- MN593713 for cmdA sequences). We also sequenced the other four single isolates and identified them as P. foliicola. Pathogenicity tests were conducted and repeated three times. Briefly, ten healthy 45-day-old cucumber seedlings (cultivar:Jinlv No.3) were inoculated with 100 µL of conidial suspension of P. foliicola (5×105 conidia per ml). Inoculum was applied to the stem with a syringe. Three healthy cucumber seedlings had 100 µL sterile water injected into the stem to serve as controls. All treated plants were incubated in a climate-controlled growth chamber at 25℃ (90% humidity, 12:12 h light:dark). Symptoms appeared on all inoculated plants after 7 days. In contrast, control seedlings exhibited no symptoms. The fungus was re-isolated from symptomatic tissues and re-identified to be P. foliicola, thereby fulfilling Koch's postulates. To our knowledge, this is the first known instance of P. foliicola inducing stem canker on cucumber plants in China. Stem canker caused by P. foliicola could pose a threat to cucumber production in China. Our results also provide a basis to monitor and manage this potential disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfei Huo
- Xiqing District Jinjing Road 17kilometres,Tianjin City,ChinaTianjin, China, 300384;
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Fening KO, Forchibe EE, Wamonje FO, Adama I, Afreh-Nuamah K, Carr JP. First Report and Distribution of the Indian Mustard Aphid, Lipaphis erysimi pseudobrassicae (Hemiptera: Aphididae) on Cabbage (Brassica oleracea var capitata) in Ghana. J Econ Entomol 2020; 113:1363-1372. [PMID: 32270189 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toaa057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The presence of large colonies of aphids is associated with a devastating novel necrotic disease of cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata) in Ghana that is thought to be of viral etiology. In this study, we used molecular taxonomic tools to identify the aphid species present on these diseased cabbage plants. This was confirmed using two key features for morphological identification, involving the length of cornicles and shape of cauda for the wingless forms of the aphids. Two species of aphids were identified and their distribution in Ghana indicated. One was the generalist aphid Myzus persicae (Sulzer) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) but the most abundant was the brassica specialist aphid, Lipaphis erysimi pseudobrassicae (Davis) (Hemiptera: Aphididae), which is one of the most destructive pests of brassica crops in some countries in Africa and other parts of the world. L. erysimi has been reported in Benin, Mali, South Africa, India, China, and United States, but this is the first formal report of L. erysimi pseudobrassicae in Ghana. The correct identification of L. erysimi is crucial, suggesting that it has recently become one of the most common species of aphid found on cabbage plants in Ghana.
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Affiliation(s)
- K O Fening
- Soil and Irrigation Research Centre, School of Agriculture, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
- African Regional Postgraduate Program in Insect Science (ARPPIS), College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - E E Forchibe
- African Regional Postgraduate Program in Insect Science (ARPPIS), College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - F O Wamonje
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - I Adama
- CSIR-Crops Research Institute, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - K Afreh-Nuamah
- African Regional Postgraduate Program in Insect Science (ARPPIS), College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
- Forest and Horticultural Crops Research Centre (FOHCREC), School of Agriculture, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - J P Carr
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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Kampen H, Holicki CM, Ziegler U, Groschup MH, Tews BA, Werner D. West Nile Virus Mosquito Vectors (Diptera: Culicidae) in Germany. Viruses 2020; 12:v12050493. [PMID: 32354202 PMCID: PMC7290393 DOI: 10.3390/v12050493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
In 2018, West Nile virus (WNV) broke out for the first time in Germany, with continuation of the epidemic in 2019, involving birds, horses and humans. To identify vectors and characterize the virus, mosquitoes were collected in both years in zoological gardens and on a horse meadow immediately following the diagnosis of disease cases in birds and horses. Mosquitoes were identified and screened for WNV by qRT-PCR, with virus-positive samples being sequenced for the viral envelope protein gene. While no positive mosquitoes were found in 2018, seven mosquito pools tested positive for WNV in 2019 in the Tierpark (Wildlife Park) Berlin. The pools consisted of Cx. pipiens biotype pipiens (n = 5), and a mixture of Cx. p. biotype pipiens and Cx. p. biotype molestus (n = 2), or hybrids of these, and were collected between 13 August and 24 September 2019. The virus strain turned out to be nearly identical to two WNV strains isolated from birds diseased in 2018 in eastern Germany. The findings represent the first demonstration of WNV in mosquitoes in Germany and include the possibility of local overwintering of the virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helge Kampen
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Institute of Infectology, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
- Correspondence:
| | - Cora M. Holicki
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Ute Ziegler
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Martin H. Groschup
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Birke Andrea Tews
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Institute of Infectology, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Doreen Werner
- Leibniz-Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research, 15374 Muencheberg, Germany
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Schoeneberg A, Hu MJ. First Report of Anthracnose Fruit Rot Caused by Colletotrichum fioriniae on Red Raspberry ( Rubus idaeus) in the Mid-Atlantic Region of the United States. Plant Dis 2020; 104:PDIS10192256PDN. [PMID: 32310717 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-10-19-2256-pdn] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A Schoeneberg
- Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, University of Maryland, College Park, MD
| | - M-J Hu
- Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, University of Maryland, College Park, MD
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del Rocio Castro-Ortega I, Caspeta-Mandujano JM, Suárez-Rodríguez R, Peña-Chora G, Ramírez-Trujillo JA, Cruz-Pérez K, Sosa IA, Hernández–Velázquez VM. Oscheius myriophila (Nematoda: Rhabditida) isolated in sugar cane soils in Mexico with potential to be used as entomopathogenic nematode. J Nematol 2020; 52:1-8. [PMID: 32722905 PMCID: PMC8015322 DOI: 10.21307/jofnem-2020-073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
A survey of entomopathogenic nematodes was conducted in sugar cane crops in a total of 14 soils, and positive results were obtained for strain MC5-2014 in the municipality of Tepalcingo, Morelos, in soil with a sandy loam texture and a pH of 6.4. Species determination was performed via morphological and morphometric techniques by searching for a tubular stoma with a swollen cylindrical pharyngeal body and a metacorpus in the basal part. The range of body length (L) was 750 to 1200 μm in females and 720 to 910 μm in males, while the corresponding maximum widths (W) of the body were 30 to 60 μm and 20 to 30 μm, respectively. Males exhibited bursa with a 1 + 1 + 3 + 3 distribution of papillae, and females exhibited a vulva located at the mid-body. For molecular identification, the ITS region of ribosomal DNA was used. Virulence tests (LC50) were conducted with Galleria mellonella, and a value of 4.732 was obtained for infective juveniles (IJs). Taking taxonomic and molecular characteristics into account, the isolate was determined to be Oscheius myriophila. The isolation of this strain represents the first geographic report of O. myriophila in Mexico, and it should be noted that the cultivation of sugar cane occurs with constant application of insecticides, herbicides, fungicides, and fertilizers as well as harvesting activities such as burning of the crop for harvest. The O. myriophila isolate has the potential to be used in the future as a method of biological control in our country. A survey of entomopathogenic nematodes was conducted in sugar cane crops in a total of 14 soils, and positive results were obtained for strain MC5-2014 in the municipality of Tepalcingo, Morelos, in soil with a sandy loam texture and a pH of 6.4. Species determination was performed via morphological and morphometric techniques by searching for a tubular stoma with a swollen cylindrical pharyngeal body and a metacorpus in the basal part. The range of body length (L) was 750 to 1200 μm in females and 720 to 910 μm in males, while the corresponding maximum widths (W) of the body were 30 to 60 μm and 20 to 30 μm, respectively. Males exhibited bursa with a 1 + 1 + 3 + 3 distribution of papillae, and females exhibited a vulva located at the mid-body. For molecular identification, the ITS region of ribosomal DNA was used. Virulence tests (LC50) were conducted with Galleria mellonella, and a value of 4.732 was obtained for infective juveniles (IJs). Taking taxonomic and molecular characteristics into account, the isolate was determined to be Oscheius myriophila. The isolation of this strain represents the first geographic report of O. myriophila in Mexico, and it should be noted that the cultivation of sugar cane occurs with constant application of insecticides, herbicides, fungicides, and fertilizers as well as harvesting activities such as burning of the crop for harvest. The O. myriophila isolate has the potential to be used in the future as a method of biological control in our country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iveth del Rocio Castro-Ortega
- Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Laboratorio de Control Biológico, Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología, Cuernavaca, México
| | - Juan Manuel Caspeta-Mandujano
- Laboratorio de Parasitología Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Av. Universidad No. 1001, Col. Chamilpa, Cuernavaca C.P. 6220, Morelos, México
| | - Ramón Suárez-Rodríguez
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Molecular de Plantas, Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología, Cuernavaca, México
| | - Guadalupe Peña-Chora
- Laboratorio de Parasitología Vegetal, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Cuernavaca, México
| | | | - Karina Cruz-Pérez
- Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Laboratorio de Control Biológico, Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología, Cuernavaca, México
- Laboratorio de Parasitología Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Av. Universidad No. 1001, Col. Chamilpa, Cuernavaca C.P. 6220, Morelos, México
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Molecular de Plantas, Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología, Cuernavaca, México
- Laboratorio de Parasitología Vegetal, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Cuernavaca, México
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos del IBT-UNAM. Av. Universidad 2001, Chamilpa, 62210 Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Iván Arenas Sosa
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos del IBT-UNAM. Av. Universidad 2001, Chamilpa, 62210 Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Víctor Manuel Hernández–Velázquez
- Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Laboratorio de Control Biológico, Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología, Cuernavaca, México
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Yu Q, Sun F. First Report of Cactodera estonica in Canada. J Nematol 2017; 49:403. [PMID: 29353929 PMCID: PMC5770288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A population of cyst nematode with terminal protuberance was found in soil samples associated with and on the roots of Polygonum aviculare L. at N45°23.480', W75°40.463' in South Ottawa, Ontario. Both J2 and cysts were found. It was subsequently confirmed with morphological and molecular methods as Cactodera estonica Krall and Krall, 1978 (Krall and Krall, 1978). The cysts are dark brown, elongated with length/breadth ratio more than 2, and vulval fenestra circumfenestrate 33 ± 4.1 (20-48) µm in diameter. Vulval slit is short 16 ± 2.7 (13-20) µm. Not all cysts have bullae or underbridge, when present a few bullae scattered on the ventral side of the cyst wall and the underbridge is thin; vulval denticles were found in one specimen. Male not found. J2 measurements are body length at 505 ± 45 (420-630) µm, stylet 25 ± 4.4 (22-29) µm long, and tail 36 ± 3.1 (34-38) µm with a short hyaline portion 14 ± 3.0 (12-19) µm. Lateral fields with four incisures. Tail end is round. All of these are consistent with those of C. estonica, for which the elongated cyst and short hyaline in J2 are characteristic for the species. Ribosomal DNA of the ITS, 18S, and D2/D3 of 28S regions were PCR amplified from cysts and J2s using primers 18S (5'-TTGATTACGTCCCTGCCCTTT-3') and 26S (5'-TTTCACTCGCCGTTACTAAGG-3') (Vrain et al., 1992), D2A (5'-ACAAGTACCGTGAGGGAAAGT-3') (Nunn, 1992) and D3B (5'-GACCCGTCTTGAAACACGGA-3') (De Ley et al., 1999), and sequenced. The sequences of the ITS and D2/D3 regions of 1,480 and 1,363 bps, respectively, were deposited in Genbank with accession numbers MF774482 and MF774483. When blasted in to the NCBI database (August 2017), the ITS sequence was 99% similar to sequences of AF274417, a population of C. estonica from Belgium and of KX579922 from Turkey, and the D2/D3 sequence was 99% similar to sequences of HM560797 and HM560796, populations of C. estonica from China. This is the first reported case of this nematode species in Canada and the second for the western hemisphere (Norgren and Golden, 1986).
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Yu
- Ottawa Research and Development Center, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0C6, Canada
| | - Fengcheng Sun
- Nematology Laboratory, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Ottawa, ON K2H 8P9, Canada
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Azevedo WTDA, Figueiredo ALD, Carvalho RPD, Lemos GA, Silva PFCM, Miranda TAD, Lessa CSS, Aguiar VM. Record of the First Cases of Human Myiasis by Lucilia cuprina (Diptera: Calliphoridae), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. J Med Entomol 2015; 52:1368-1373. [PMID: 26336269 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjv130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Myiasis is a disease caused by an infestation of the tissues of vertebrates by developing fly larvae. We document the first cases of human myiasis by Lucilia cuprina (Wiedemann, 1830) in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, analyzed the epidemiological and clinical profiles of the patients, and their risk factors associated with the occurrence of the disease. Between May 2008 to July 2013, six cases of myiasis caused by larvae of L. cuprina were reported in patients treated in the Federal Hospital of Andaraí, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The six patients ranged between 13 and 72 yr old, belonged to various ethnic groups, and both sexes were represented. The affected individuals were relatively uneducated, had low income and poor hygiene habits. Infections were more common in the legs. The following factors were found to predispose individuals to myiasis: trauma, pediculosis, erysipelas, skin infections, and wounds resulting from congestive heart failure. Myiasis by L. cuprina occurred predominantly in the summer when there is abundant rainfall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wellington Thadeu de Alcantara Azevedo
- Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Biociências, Programa de Pós Graduação em Biodiversidade Neotropical. Av., Pasteur 458, Urca, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, CEP:22.290-240
| | - Adriana Leal de Figueiredo
- Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Biociências, Programa de Pós Graduação em Biodiversidade Neotropical. Av., Pasteur 458, Urca, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, CEP:22.290-240
| | - Rafaela Pereira de Carvalho
- Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Biociências, Programa de Pós Graduação em Biodiversidade Neotropical. Av., Pasteur 458, Urca, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, CEP:22.290-240
| | - Gustavo Abrantes Lemos
- Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto Biomédico, Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Rua Frei Caneca, 94 - Centro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, CEP: 20211-040
| | - Pôla Francine Cassiano Morais Silva
- Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto Biomédico, Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Rua Frei Caneca, 94 - Centro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, CEP: 20211-040
| | - Taís Auricchio de Miranda
- Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto Biomédico, Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Rua Frei Caneca, 94 - Centro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, CEP: 20211-040
| | - Cláudia Soares Santos Lessa
- Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto Biomédico, Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Rua Frei Caneca, 94 - Centro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, CEP: 20211-040
| | - Valéria Magalhães Aguiar
- Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Biociências, Programa de Pós Graduação em Biodiversidade Neotropical. Av., Pasteur 458, Urca, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, CEP:22.290-240. Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto Biomédico, Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Rua Frei Caneca, 94 - Centro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, CEP: 20211-040. CNPq fellow
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