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Lei T, Liu R, Zhuang L, Dai T, Meng Q, Zhang X, Bao Y, Huang C, Lin W, Huang Y, Zheng X. Gp85 protein encapsulated by alginate-chitosan composite microspheres induced strong immunogenicity against avian leukosis virus in chicken. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1374923. [PMID: 38840641 PMCID: PMC11150705 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1374923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Avian leukosis, a viral disease affecting birds such as chickens, presents significant challenges in poultry farming due to tumor formation, decreased egg production, and increased mortality. Despite the absence of a commercial vaccine, avian leukosis virus (ALV) infections have been extensively documented, resulting in substantial economic losses in the poultry industry. This study aimed to develop alginate-chitosan composite microspheres loaded with ALV-J Gp85 protein (referred to as aCHP-gp85) as a potential vaccine candidate. Methods Sodium alginate and chitosan were utilized as encapsulating materials, with the ALV-J Gp85 protein serving as the active ingredient. The study involved 45 specific pathogen-free (SPF) chickens to evaluate the immunological effectiveness of aCHP-gp85 compared to a traditional Freund adjuvant-gp85 vaccine (Freund-gp85). Two rounds of vaccination were administered, and antibody levels, mRNA expression of immune markers, splenic lymphocyte proliferation, and immune response were assessed. An animal challenge experiment was conducted to evaluate the vaccine's efficacy in reducing ALV-J virus presence and improving clinical conditions. Results The results demonstrated that aCHP-gp85 induced a significant and sustained increase in antibody levels compared to Freund-gp85, with the elevated response lasting for 84 days. Furthermore, aCHP-gp85 significantly upregulated mRNA expression levels of key immune markers, notably TNF-α and IFN-γ. The application of ALV-J Gp85 protein within the aCHP-gp85 group led to a significant increase in splenic lymphocyte proliferation and immune response. In the animal challenge experiment, aCHP-gp85 effectively reduced ALV-J virus presence and improved clinical conditions compared to other groups, with no significant pathological changes observed. Discussion The findings suggest that aCHP-gp85 elicits a strong and prolonged immune response compared to Freund-gp85, indicating its potential as an innovative ALV-J vaccine candidate. These results provide valuable insights for addressing avian leukosis in the poultry industry, both academically and practically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyu Lei
- College of Life Sciences, Longyan University, Longyan, China
- College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Rongchang Liu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, China
| | - Liyun Zhuang
- College of Life Sciences, Longyan University, Longyan, China
- College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Tingting Dai
- College of Life Sciences, Longyan University, Longyan, China
- College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Qingfu Meng
- College of Life Sciences, Longyan University, Longyan, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Veterinary Biotechnology, Longyan, China
| | - Xiaodong Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Longyan University, Longyan, China
- College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yinli Bao
- College of Life Sciences, Longyan University, Longyan, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Veterinary Biotechnology, Longyan, China
| | - Cuiqin Huang
- College of Life Sciences, Longyan University, Longyan, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Veterinary Biotechnology, Longyan, China
| | - Weiming Lin
- College of Life Sciences, Longyan University, Longyan, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Veterinary Biotechnology, Longyan, China
| | - Yu Huang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xintian Zheng
- College of Life Sciences, Longyan University, Longyan, China
- College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Veterinary Biotechnology, Longyan, China
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Abstract
The receptor of the subgroup A avian leukosis virus (ALV-A) in chicken is Tva, which is the homologous protein of human CD320 (huCD320), contains a low-density lipoprotein (LDL-A) module and is involved in the uptake of transcobalamin bound vitamin B12/cobalamin (Cbl). To map the functional determinants of Tva responsible for ALV-A receptor activity, a series of chimeric receptors were created by swapping the LDL-A module fragments between huCD320 and Tva. These chimeric receptors were then used for virus entry and binding assays to map the minimal ALV-A functional domain of Tva. The results showed that Tva residues 49 to 71 constituted the minimal functional domain that directly interacted with the ALV-A gp85 protein to mediate ALV-A entry. Single-residue substitution analysis revealed that L55 and W69, which were spatially adjacent on the surface of the Tva structure, were key residues that mediate ALV-A entry. Structural alignment results indicated that L55 and W69 substitutions did not affect the Tva protein structure but abolished the interaction force between Tva and gp85. Furthermore, substituting the corresponding residues of huCD320 with L55 and W69 of Tva converted huCD320 into a functional receptor of ALV-A. Importantly, soluble huCD320 harboring Tva L55 and W69 blocked ALV-A entry. Finally, we constructed a Tva gene-edited cell line with L55R and W69L substitutions that could fully resist ALV-A entry, while Cbl uptake was not affected. Collectively, our findings suggested that amino acids L55 and W69 of Tva were key for mediating virus entry. IMPORTANCE Retroviruses bind to cellular receptors through their envelope proteins, which is a crucial step in infection. While most retroviruses require two receptors for entry, ALV-A requires only one. Various Tva alleles conferring resistance to ALV-A, including Tvar1 (C40W substitution), Tvar2 (frame-shifting four-nucleotide insertion), Tvar3, Tvar4, Tvar5, and Tvar6 (deletion in the first intron), are known. However, the detailed entry mechanism of ALV-A in chickens remains to be explored. We demonstrated that Tva residues L55 and W69 were key for ALV-A entry and were important for correct interaction with ALV-A gp85. Soluble Tva and huCD320 harboring the Tva residues L55 and W69 effectively blocked ALV-A infection. Additionally, we constructed gene-edited cell lines targeting these two amino acids, which completely restricted ALV-A entry without affecting Cbl uptake. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the infection mechanism of ALV-A and provided novel insights into the prevention and control of ALV-A.
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Wang H, Chen X, Zhu L, Fang X, Gao K, Fang C, Liu J, Gu Y, Liang X, Yang Y. Preparation of a novel monoclonal antibody against Avian leukosis virus subgroup J Gp85 protein and identification of its epitope. Poult Sci 2021; 100:101108. [PMID: 34116348 PMCID: PMC8192869 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Avian leukosis virus subgroup J (ALV-J) is an avian oncogenic retrovirus that has caused huge economic losses in the poultry industry due to its great pathogenicity and transmission ability. However, the continuous emergence of new strains would bring challenges to diagnosis and control of ALV-J. .This study focuses on preparing the monoclonal antibody (MAb) against ALV-J Gp85 and identifying its epitope. The truncated ALV-J gp85 gene fragment was amplified and then cloned into expression vectors. Purified GST-Gp85 was used to immune mice and His-Gp85 was used to screen MAb. Finally, a hybridoma cell line named J16 that produced specific MAb against the ALV-J. Immunofluorescence assay showed that MAb J16 specifically recognized ALV-J rather than ALV-A or ALV-K infected DF-1 cells. To identify the epitope recognized by MAb J16, fourteen partially overlapping ALV-J Gp85 fragments were prepared and tested by Western blot. The results indicated that peptide 150-LIRPYVNQ-157 was the minimal epitope of ALV-J Gp85 recognized by MAb J16. Alignment analysis of Gp85 from different ALV subgroups showed that the epitope keep high conservation among 36 ALV-J strains, but significant different from that of ALV subgroup A, B, C, D, E and K. Overall, we prepared a MAb specific against ALV-J and identified peptide 150-LIRPYVNQ-157 as a novel specific epitope of ALV-J Gp85, which may assist in laying the foundation for specific ALV-J detection methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houkun Wang
- School of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
| | - Xueyang Chen
- School of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
| | - Lilin Zhu
- School of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
| | - Xiaowei Fang
- School of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
| | - Keli Gao
- School of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
| | - Chun Fang
- School of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
| | - Jing Liu
- School of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
| | - Yufang Gu
- School of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
| | - Xiongyan Liang
- School of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
| | - Yuying Yang
- School of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China.
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The Bipartite Sequence Motif in the N and C Termini of gp85 of Subgroup J Avian Leukosis Virus Plays a Crucial Role in Receptor Binding and Viral Entry. J Virol 2020; 94:JVI.01232-20. [PMID: 32878894 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01232-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Subgroup J avian leukemia virus (ALV-J), belonging to the genus Alpharetrovirus, enters cells through its envelope surface unit (gp85) via specifically recognizing the cellular receptor chicken Na+/H+ exchanger type I (chNHE1), the 28 to 39 N-terminal residues of which were characterized as the minimal receptor functional domain in our previous studies. In this study, to further clarify the precise organization and properties of the interaction between ALV-J gp85 and chNHE1, we identified the chNHE1-binding domain of ALV-J gp85 using a series of gp85 mutants with segment substitutions and evaluating their effects on chNHE1 binding in protein-cell binding assays. Our results showed that hemagglutinin (HA) substitutions of amino acids (aa) 38 to 131 (N terminus of gp85) and aa 159 to 283 (C terminus of gp85) significantly inhibited the interaction between gp85 and chNHE1/chNHE1 loop 1. In addition, these HA-substituted chimeric gp85 proteins could not effectively block the entry of ALV-J into chNHE1-expressing cells. Furthermore, analysis of various N-linked glycosylation sites and cysteine mutants in gp85 revealed that glycosylation sites (N6 and N11) and cysteines (C3 and C9) were directly involved in receptor-gp85 binding and important for the entry of ALV-J into cells. Taken together, our findings indicated that the bipartite sequence motif, spanning aa 38 to 131 and aa 159 to 283, of ALV-J gp85 was essential for binding to chNHE1, with its two N-linked glycosylation sites and two cysteines being important for its receptor-binding function and subsequent viral infection steps.IMPORTANCE Infection of a cell by retroviruses requires the attachment and fusion of the host and viral membranes. The specific adsorption of envelope (Env) surface proteins to cell receptors is a key step in triggering infections and has been the target of antiviral drug screening. ALV-J is an economically important avian pathogen that belongs to the genus Alpharetrovirus and has a wider host range than other ALV subgroups. Our results showed that the amino acids 38 to 131 of the N terminus and 159 to 283 of the C terminus of ALV-J gp85 controlled the efficiency of gp85 binding to chNHE1 and were critical for viral infection. In addition, the glycosylation sites (N6 and N11) and cysteines (C3 and C9) of gp85 played a crucial role in the receptor binding and viral entry. These findings might help elucidate the mechanism of the entry of ALV-J into host cells and provide antiviral targets for the control of ALV-J.
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Chen X, Wang H, Fang X, Gao K, Fang C, Gu Y, Gao Y, Wang X, Huang H, Liang X, Yang Y. Identification of a novel epitope specific for Gp85 protein of avian leukosis virus subgroup K. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2020; 230:110143. [PMID: 33129191 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2020.110143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
During the past two decades, avian leukosis virus (ALV) caused tremendous economic losses to poultry industry in China. ALV-K as a newly found subgroup in recent years, which made the control and eradication of ALV more difficult as they were originated from the recombination of different subgroups. To date, specific rapid detection methods refer to ALV-K are still missing. Gp85 is the main structural protein of the virus, which mediates the invasion of host cells by the virus and determinates the classification of subgroups. In this study, we prepared a monoclonal antibody (Mab) named Km3 against Gp85 of ALV-K. Immunofluorescence assay showed that Km3 specifically recognized the strains of ALV-K rather than the strains of ALV-A or ALV-J. To explain the subgroups specificity of Km3, the epitope cognized by the Mab was identified by Western blotting using 15 overlapping fragments spanning the Gp85. Finally, the peptide 129AFGPRSIDTLSDWSRPQ145 was identified as the minimal linear epitope recognized by Km3. Alignment of Gp85 from different subgroups showed that the epitope was highly conserved among ALV-K strains, which was quite different from that of the strains from ALV -A, -B and -J. In conclusion, the Mab Km3 may serve as a useful reagent for ALV-K detection and diagnosis in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyang Chen
- College of Animal Science, Yangtze University, No.88, Jingmi Road, Jingzhou 434025, China
| | - Houkun Wang
- College of Animal Science, Yangtze University, No.88, Jingmi Road, Jingzhou 434025, China
| | - Xiaowei Fang
- College of Animal Science, Yangtze University, No.88, Jingmi Road, Jingzhou 434025, China
| | - Keli Gao
- College of Animal Science, Yangtze University, No.88, Jingmi Road, Jingzhou 434025, China
| | - Chun Fang
- College of Animal Science, Yangtze University, No.88, Jingmi Road, Jingzhou 434025, China
| | - Yufang Gu
- College of Animal Science, Yangtze University, No.88, Jingmi Road, Jingzhou 434025, China
| | - Yulong Gao
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 678, Haping Road, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaomei Wang
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 678, Haping Road, Harbin, China
| | - Hongsheng Huang
- Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Ottawa Laboratory (Fallowfield), 3851 Fallowfield Road, Ottawa, Ontario, K2H 8P9, Canada
| | - Xiongyan Liang
- College of Animal Science, Yangtze University, No.88, Jingmi Road, Jingzhou 434025, China.
| | - Yuying Yang
- College of Animal Science, Yangtze University, No.88, Jingmi Road, Jingzhou 434025, China.
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Shi P, Cao Z, Cheng Y, Cheng S, Yi L. Identification of Linear B-Cell Epitopes on Hemagglutinin Protein of Canine Distemper Virus Using Two Monoclonal Antibodies. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:47. [PMID: 32185182 PMCID: PMC7058631 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.00047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Canine distemper virus (CDV) belongs to the Morbillivirus genus of the Paramyxoviridae family, which causes a threat to the domestic dog and fur-animal industry. Hemagglutinin protein is a major membrane protein of the vital molecular factor in CDV tropism, also known to induce hosts to produce neutralizing antibodies. In the current study, we prepared two monoclonal antibodies, 1A5 and 2B8, against the H protein of the CDV-PS strain. A series of partially overlapping synthetic peptides covering the hemagglutinin protein (amino acids 50–204) were screened to define the linear epitope identified by 1A5 and 2B8 mAbs. 120QKTNFFNPNREFDFR134 (F8) and 178ARGDIFPPY186 (F14-1) are minimal linear epitopes recognized by 1A5 and 2B8 mAbs, respectively. Further investigations revealed that F8 is conserved in different CDV strains; however, F14-1 contains mutant residues 178, 179, and 180. The epitopes F8 and F14-1 localized at the surface of hemagglutinin protein in a three-dimensional (3D) structure. CDV-infected dog serum can also recognize the identified B-cell epitopes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Shi
- Institute of Special Economic Animal and Plant Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Zhigang Cao
- Institute of Special Economic Animal and Plant Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Yuening Cheng
- Institute of Special Economic Animal and Plant Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Shipeng Cheng
- Institute of Special Economic Animal and Plant Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Li Yi
- Institute of Special Economic Animal and Plant Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
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Chang F, Xing L, Xing Z, Yu M, Bao Y, Wang S, Farooque M, Li X, Liu P, Pan Q, Qi X, Gao L, Li K, Liu C, Zhang Y, Cui H, Wang X, Gao Y. Development and evaluation of a gp85 protein-based subgroup-specific indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of anti-subgroup J avian leukosis virus antibodies. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:1785-1793. [PMID: 31900555 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-10320-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 12/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Avian leukosis virus subgroup J (ALV-J) is an important pathogen for various neoplasms and causes significant economic losses in the poultry industry. Serological detection of specific antibodies against ALV-J infection is important for successful clinical diagnosis. Here, a 293F stable cell line was established to stably express gp85 protein. In this cell line, gp85 protein was expressed at approximately 30 mg/L. A subgroup-specific indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (iELISA) was developed using ALV-J gp85 protein as coated antigen to detect antibodies against ALV-J. The sensitivity of the iELISA (1:51200 diluted in serum) was 16 times more than that of indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA; 1:3200 diluted in serum). Moreover, there was no crossreactivity with antibodies against other common avian viruses and other avian leukosis virus subgroups, such as subgroups A and B. The practicality of the iELISA was further evaluated by experimental infection and clinical samples. The results from experimental infection indicated that anti-ALV-J antibodies were readily detected by iELISA as early as 4 weeks after ALV-J infection, and positive antibodies were detected until 20 weeks, with an antibody-positive rate of 11.1% to 33.3%. Moreover, analysis of clinical samples showed that 9.49% of samples were positive for anti-ALV-J antibodies, and the concordance rate of iELISA and IFA was 99.24%. Overall, these results suggested that the subgroup-specific iELISA developed in this study had good sensitivity, specificity, and feasibility. This iELISA will be very useful for epidemiological surveillance, diagnosis, and eradication of ALV-J in poultry farms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Chang
- Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 678 Haping Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150069, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Lixiao Xing
- Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 678 Haping Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150069, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhifeng Xing
- Heilongjiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengmeng Yu
- Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 678 Haping Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150069, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanling Bao
- Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 678 Haping Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150069, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Suyan Wang
- Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 678 Haping Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150069, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Muhammad Farooque
- Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 678 Haping Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150069, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyi Li
- Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 678 Haping Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150069, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Liu
- Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 678 Haping Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150069, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Pan
- Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 678 Haping Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150069, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaole Qi
- Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 678 Haping Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150069, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Gao
- Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 678 Haping Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150069, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Li
- Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 678 Haping Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150069, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Changjun Liu
- Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 678 Haping Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150069, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanping Zhang
- Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 678 Haping Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150069, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongyu Cui
- Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 678 Haping Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150069, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaomei Wang
- Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 678 Haping Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150069, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China. .,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonose, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
| | - Yulong Gao
- Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 678 Haping Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150069, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China.
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Yan ZY, Li HM, Wang CC, Qiu J, Pan Y, Zhang D, Hu W, Guo HJ. Preparation of a new monoclonal antibody against subgroup A of avian leukosis virus and identifying its antigenic epitope. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 156:1234-1242. [PMID: 31759029 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.11.161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2019] [Revised: 11/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
This study focuses on preparing the monoclonal antibody (MAb) against subgroup A of avian leukosis virus (ALV-A) and identifying its antigenic epitope. The ALV-A gp85 gene with a size of 1005bp was amplified and expressed into a recombinant protein with a size of 46KD in E.coli. The products expressed after purification were inoculated into BALB/c mice for preparing antibody-secreting splenic lymphocytes and further obtaining hybridoma cells. Finally, one new hybridoma cell (A18GH) secreting MAb against ALV-A was screened, and the MAb was able to detect ALV-A/K strains in an indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA), but not ALV-B/J strains. A total of 14 overlapping truncated ALV-A gp85 protein segments were expressed and eight peptides containing different antigenic amino acids were artificially synthesized for analyzing the antigenic epitope of the MAb using a western blot or an ELISA, and the results indicate that the antigenic epitope consists of seven amino acids within the 146-ATRFLLR -152 region of the ALV-A gp85 protein. A biological information analysis shows that the antigenic epitope has a high antigenic index and develops a curved linear spatial structure. Further, its 7 amino acids are completely within the 17 representative ALV-A strains, 4 are within the 11 ALV-K strains, and fewer are within the ALV-B/J/E strains. This study will significantly assist in a further understanding of the protein structure and function of ALV-A, and in the establishment of specific ALV-A detection methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze-Yi Yan
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an 271018, China; College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Hong-Mei Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an 271018, China; College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Cheng-Cheng Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an 271018, China; College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Jianhua Qiu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an 271018, China; College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Yao Pan
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an 271018, China; College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Dandan Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an 271018, China; College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Weiguo Hu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an 271018, China; College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Hui-Jun Guo
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an 271018, China; College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China.
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Yu M, Bao Y, Wang M, Zhu H, Wang X, Xing L, Chang F, Liu Y, Farooque M, Wang Y, Qi X, Liu C, Zhang Y, Cui H, Li K, Gao L, Pan Q, Wang X, Gao Y. Development and application of a colloidal gold test strip for detection of avian leukosis virus. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 103:427-435. [PMID: 30349931 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-9461-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Revised: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Avian leukosis virus (ALV) is an avian oncogenic retrovirus that induces leukemia-like proliferative diseases in chickens. ALV infection can result in the development of immunological tolerance and persistent viremia. Since effective vaccines against ALV are not yet available, its current prevention primarily depends on detection and eradication to establish exogenous ALV-free poultry flocks. In this study, a rapid and simple colloidal gold test strip method, specific for the group-specific antigen, p27 protein, was developed and systematically evaluated for the detection of ALV from different samples. The detection limit of this assay was as low as 6.25 ng/ml for p27 protein and 80 TCID50/ml for different subgroups of ALV. Besides, the test strip showed high specificity in the detection of different subgroups of ALV, including ALV-A, ALV-B, ALV-J, and ALV-K, with no cross-reaction with other avian pathogens. Furthermore, we artificially infected specific pathogen-free (SPF) chickens with ALV-J, collected cloacal swabs, and examined viral shedding using both test strips and ELISA. Results from the test strip were highly consistent with that from ELISA. In addition, 1104 virus isolates from anti-coagulant blood samples, 645 albumen samples, and 4312 meconium samples were tested, and the test strip results agreed with those of ELISA kit up to 97.1%. All the results indicated that the colloidal gold test strip could serve as a simple, rapid, sensitive, and specific diagnostic method for eradication of ALV in poultry farms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Yu
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 678 Haping Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150069, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanling Bao
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 678 Haping Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150069, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Muping Wang
- Harbin Guosheng Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Harbin, 150028, People's Republic of China
| | - Haibo Zhu
- Harbin Guosheng Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Harbin, 150028, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of infection and immunity, Institute of Biophysics of the Chinese Academy of sciences, Beijing, 100101, People's Republic of China
| | - Lixiao Xing
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 678 Haping Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150069, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Fangfang Chang
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 678 Haping Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150069, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongzhen Liu
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 678 Haping Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150069, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Muhammad Farooque
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 678 Haping Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150069, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongqiang Wang
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 678 Haping Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150069, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaole Qi
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 678 Haping Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150069, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Changjun Liu
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 678 Haping Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150069, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanping Zhang
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 678 Haping Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150069, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongyu Cui
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 678 Haping Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150069, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Li
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 678 Haping Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150069, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Gao
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 678 Haping Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150069, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Pan
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 678 Haping Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150069, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaomei Wang
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 678 Haping Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150069, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yulong Gao
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 678 Haping Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150069, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China.
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10
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Qian K, Tian X, Shao H, Ye J, Yao Y, Nair V, Qin A. Identification of novel B-cell epitope in gp85 of subgroup J avian leukosis virus and its application in diagnosis of disease. BMC Vet Res 2018; 14:295. [PMID: 30257680 PMCID: PMC6158924 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-018-1622-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The gp85 is the main envelope protein of avian leukosis subgroup J (ALV-J) involved in virus neutralization. Here, we mapped the epitope in ALV-J gp85 by ELISA using synthetic peptides and developed epitope based diagnostic methods for ALV-J infection. Results The results revealed that monoclonal antibody (mAb) JE9 recognized 83WDPQEL88 motif, which was highly conserved in gp85 among different ALV-J strains by homology analysis. Moreover, after evaluation with two hundred and forty sera samples obtained from different chicken farms, the epitope-based peptide ELISA had much higher sensitivity than commercial ELISA kit for antibody detection of ALV-J. Conclusions A novel B-cell epitope recognized by the mAb JE9 was identified. The developed peptide-ELISA based on this novel B-cell epitope could be useful in laboratory viral diagnosis, routine surveillance in chicken farms, and also in understanding the pathogenesis of ALV-J.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Qian
- Ministry of Education Key Lab for Avian Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, No.12 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, People's Republic of China.,The International Joint Laboratory for Cooperation in Agriculture and Agricultural Product Safety, Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, 225009, Yangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Key Lab of Zoonosis, No.12 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue Tian
- Ministry of Education Key Lab for Avian Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, No.12 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongxia Shao
- Ministry of Education Key Lab for Avian Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, No.12 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, People's Republic of China.,The International Joint Laboratory for Cooperation in Agriculture and Agricultural Product Safety, Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, 225009, Yangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Key Lab of Zoonosis, No.12 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianqiang Ye
- Ministry of Education Key Lab for Avian Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, No.12 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, People's Republic of China.,The International Joint Laboratory for Cooperation in Agriculture and Agricultural Product Safety, Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, 225009, Yangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Key Lab of Zoonosis, No.12 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongxiu Yao
- Avian Oncogenic Virus Group, The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, Surrey, GU24 0NF, UK.,The UK-China Centre of Excellence for Research on Avian Diseases, 169 Huanghe 2nd Road, Binzhou, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Venugopal Nair
- Avian Oncogenic Virus Group, The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, Surrey, GU24 0NF, UK.,The UK-China Centre of Excellence for Research on Avian Diseases, 169 Huanghe 2nd Road, Binzhou, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Aijian Qin
- Ministry of Education Key Lab for Avian Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, No.12 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, People's Republic of China. .,The International Joint Laboratory for Cooperation in Agriculture and Agricultural Product Safety, Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, 225009, Yangzhou, People's Republic of China. .,Jiangsu Key Lab of Zoonosis, No.12 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, People's Republic of China.
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11
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Residues 28 to 39 of the Extracellular Loop 1 of Chicken Na +/H + Exchanger Type I Mediate Cell Binding and Entry of Subgroup J Avian Leukosis Virus. J Virol 2017; 92:JVI.01627-17. [PMID: 29070685 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01627-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Chicken Na+/H+ exchanger type I (chNHE1), a multispan transmembrane protein, is a cellular receptor of the subgroup J avian leukosis virus (ALV-J). To identify the functional determinants of chNHE1 responsible for the ALV-J receptor activity, a series of chimeric receptors was created by exchanging the extracellular loops (ECL) of human NHE1 (huNHE1) and chNHE1 and by ECL replacement with a hemagglutinin (HA) tag. These chimeric receptors then were used in binding and entry assays to map the minimal ALV-J gp85-binding domain of chNHE1. We show that ECL1 of chNHE1 (chECL1) is the critical functional ECL that interacts directly with ALV-J gp85; ECL3 is also involved in ALV-J gp85 binding. Amino acid residues 28 to 39 of the N-terminal membrane-proximal region of chECL1 constitute the minimal domain required for chNHE1 binding of ALV-J gp85. These residues are sufficient to mediate viral entry into ALV-J nonpermissive cells. Point mutation analysis revealed that A30, V33, W38, and E39 of chECL1 are the key residues mediating the binding between chNHE1 and ALV-J gp85. Further, the replacement of residues 28 to 39 of huNHE1 with the corresponding chNHE1 residues converted the nonfunctional ALV-J receptor huNHE1 to a functional one. Importantly, soluble chECL1 and huECL1 harboring chNHE1 residues 28 to 39 both could effectively block ALV-J infection. Collectively, our findings indicate that residues 28 to 39 of chNHE1 constitute a domain that is critical for receptor function and mediate ALV-J entry.IMPORTANCE chNHE1 is a cellular receptor of ALV-J, a retrovirus that causes infections in chickens and serious economic losses in the poultry industry. Until now, the domains determining the chNHE1 receptor function remained unknown. We demonstrate that chECL1 is critical for receptor function, with residues 28 to 39 constituting the minimal functional domain responsible for chNHE1 binding of ALV-J gp85 and efficiently mediating ALV-J cell entry. These residues are located in the membrane-proximal region of the N terminus of chECL1, suggesting that the binding site of ALV-J gp85 on chNHE1 is probably located on the apex of the molecule; the receptor-binding mode might be different from that of retroviruses. We also found that soluble chECL1, as well as huECL1 harboring chNHE1 residues 28 to 39, effectively blocked ALV-J infection. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the ALV-J infection mechanism and also provide new insights into the control strategies for ALV-J infection.
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12
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Wang X, Zhou D, Wang G, Huang L, Zheng Q, Li C, Cheng Z. A novel multi-variant epitope ensemble vaccine against avian leukosis virus subgroup J. Vaccine 2017; 35:6685-6690. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Revised: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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13
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Wen Y, Huang Q, Yang C, Pan L, Wang G, Qi K, Liu H. Characterizing the histopathology of natural co-infection with Marek’s disease virus and subgroup J avian leucosis virus in egg-laying hens. Avian Pathol 2017; 47:83-89. [DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2017.1375079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yawen Wen
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pathobiology and Disease Control, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qi Huang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pathobiology and Disease Control, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chengcheng Yang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pathobiology and Disease Control, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ling Pan
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pathobiology and Disease Control, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guijun Wang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pathobiology and Disease Control, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kezong Qi
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pathobiology and Disease Control, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongmei Liu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pathobiology and Disease Control, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
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14
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Dai Z, Huang J, Lei X, Yan Y, Lu P, Zhang H, Lin W, Chen W, Ma J, Xie Q. Efficacy of an autophagy-targeted DNA vaccine against avian leukosis virus subgroup J. Vaccine 2017; 35:808-813. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.12.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2016] [Revised: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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15
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Feng M, Zhang X. Immunity to Avian Leukosis Virus: Where Are We Now and What Should We Do? Front Immunol 2016; 7:624. [PMID: 28066434 PMCID: PMC5174080 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Avian leukosis virus (ALV) is an avian oncogenic retrovirus causing enormous economic losses in the global poultry industry. Although ALV-related research has lasted for more than a century, there are no vaccines to protect chickens from ALV infection. The interaction between chickens and ALV remains not fully understood especially with regard to the host immunity. The current review provides an overview of our current knowledge of innate and adaptive immunity induced by ALV infection. More importantly, we have pointed out the unknown area involved in ALV-related studies, which is worthy of our serious exploring in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Feng
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding and Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiquan Zhang
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding and Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
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16
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Identification of a linear B-cell epitope on the avian leukosis virus P27 protein using monoclonal antibodies. Arch Virol 2016; 161:2871-7. [PMID: 27438076 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-016-2971-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Avian leukosis virus (ALV) is an avian oncogenic retrovirus that can induce various clinical tumors. The capsid protein P27 is the group-specific antigen of ALV and has many viral antigen sites that are easy to detect. In this study, we produced a monoclonal antibody (mAb), 3A9, that is specific for the P27 protein. A series of partially overlapping peptides were screened to define (181)PPSAR(185) as the minimal linear epitope recognized by mAb 3A9. The identified epitope could be recognized by chicken anti-ALV and mouse anti-ALV P27 sera. The epitope was highly conserved among a number of ALV-A, ALV-B and ALV-J strains. MAb 3A9 might be a valuable tool for the development of new immunodiagnostic approaches for ALV, and the defined linear epitope might help further our understanding of the antigenic structure of the P27 protein.
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17
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Hou M, Zhou D, Li G, Guo H, Liu J, Wang G, Zheng Q, Cheng Z. Identification of a variant antigenic neutralizing epitope in hypervariable region 1 of avian leukosis virus subgroup J. Vaccine 2016; 34:1399-404. [PMID: 26850757 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.01.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Revised: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Avian leukosis virus subgroup J (ALV-J) is a hypervariable oncogenic retrovirus that causes great economic loss in poultry. Antigenic variations in the variable regions make the development of an effective vaccine a challenging task. In the present study, we identified a variant antigenic neutralizing epitope using reverse vaccinology methods. First, we predicted the B-cell epitopes in gp85 gene of ALV-J strains by DNAman and bioinformatics. Fourteen candidate epitopes were selected and linked in tandem with glycines or serines as a multi-epitope gene. The expressed protein of multi-epitope gene can induce high-titer antibody that can recognize nature ALV-J and neutralize the infectivity of ALV-J strains. Next, we identified a high effective epitope using eight overlapping fragments of gp85 gene reacting with mAb 2D5 and anti-multi-epitope sera. The identified epitope contained one of the predicted epitopes and localized in hyervariable region 1 (hr1), indicating a variant epitope. To better understand if the variants of the epitope have a good antigenicity, we synthesized four variants to react with mAb 2D5 and anti-ALV-J sera. The result showed that all variants could react with the two kinds of antibodies though they showed different antigenicity, while could not react with ALV-J negative sera. Thus, the variant antigenic neutralizing epitope was determined as 137-LRDFIA/E/TKWKS/GDDL/HLIRPYVNQS-158. The result shows a potential use of this variant epitopes as a novel multi-epitope vaccine against ALV-J in poultry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minbo Hou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Defang Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Gen Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Huijun Guo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Jianzhu Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Guihua Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | | | - Ziqiang Cheng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China.
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