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Wu T, Wu Z, Li YP. Dengue fever and dengue virus in the People's Republic of China. Rev Med Virol 2021; 32:e2245. [PMID: 34235802 DOI: 10.1002/rmv.2245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Infection with dengue virus (DENV) leads to symptoms variable from dengue fever to severe dengue, which has posed a huge socioeconomic and disease burden to the world population, particularly in tropical and subtropical regions. To date, four serotypes of DENV (DENV-1 to DENV-4) have been identified to sustain the transmission cycle in humans. In the past decades, dengue incidences have become more frequent, and four serotypes and various genotypes have been identified in PR China. Several large-scale dengue outbreaks and frequent local endemics occurred in the southern and coastal provinces, and the imported dengue cases accounted primarily for the initiation of the epidemics. No antiviral drug exists for dengue, and no vaccine has been approved to use in PR China, however strategies including public awareness, national reporting system of infectious diseases and public health emergencies, vector mosquito control, personal protection, and improved environmental sanitation have greatly reduced dengue prevalence. Some new technologies in vector mosquito control are emerging and being applied for dengue control. China's territory spans tropical, subtropical, and temperate climates, hence understanding the dengue status in China will be of beneficial for the global prevention and control of dengue. Here, we review the dengue status in PR China for the past decades and the strategies emerging for dengue control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Wu
- Institute of Human Virology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of Ministry of Education, Sun Yet-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhongdao Wu
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of Ministry of Education, Sun Yet-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi-Ping Li
- Institute of Human Virology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of Ministry of Education, Sun Yet-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Rathore APS, St John AL. Cross-Reactive Immunity Among Flaviviruses. Front Immunol 2020; 11:334. [PMID: 32174923 PMCID: PMC7054434 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Flaviviruses consist of significant human pathogens responsible for hundreds of millions of infections each year. Their antigenic relationships generate immune responses that are cross-reactive to multiple flaviviruses and their widespread and overlapping geographical distributions, coupled with increases in vaccination coverage, increase the likelihood of exposure to multiple flaviviruses. Depending on the antigenic properties of the viruses to which a person is exposed, flavivirus cross-reactivity can be beneficial or could promote immune pathologies. In this review we describe our knowledge of the functional immune outcomes that arise from varied flaviviral immune statuses. The cross-reactive antibody and T cell immune responses that are protective versus pathological are also addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhay P S Rathore
- Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Ashley L St John
- Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States.,Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,SingHealth Duke-National University of Singapore Global Health Institute, Singapore, Singapore
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Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) belongs to the family Flaviviridae, genus Flavivirus. It is a single-stranded positive-sense ribonucleic acid virus with 10,700 bases. The genus Flavivirus includes other arthropod borne viruses such as yellow fever virus, West Nile virus, Zika virus, tick-borne encephalitis virus. It infects ~50–200 million people annually, putting over 3.6 billion people living in tropical regions at risk and causing ~20,000 deaths annually. The expansion of dengue is attributed to factors such as the modern dynamics of climate change, globalization, travel, trade, socioeconomics, settlement, and also viral evolution. There are four antigenically different serotypes of DENV based on the differences in their viral structural and nonstructural proteins. DENV infection causes a spectrum of illness ranging from asymptomatic to dengue fever to severe dengue shock syndrome. Infection with one serotype confers lifelong immunity against that serotype, but heterologus infection leads to severe dengue hemorrhagic fever due to antibody-dependent enhancement. Diagnosis of dengue infections is based mainly on serological detection of either antigen in acute cases or antibodies in both acute and chronic infection. Viral detection and real-time PCR detection though helpful is not feasible in resource poor setup. Treatment of dengue depends on symptomatic management along with fluid resuscitation and may require platelet transfusion. Although vaccine development is in late stages of development, developing a single vaccine against four serotypes often causes serious challenges to researchers; hence, the main stay of prevention is vector control and management.
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Yang J, Yang H, Li Z, Lin H, Zhao Y, Wang W, Tan S, Zeng X, Li Y. The chimeric Japanese encephalitis/Dengue 2 virus protects mice from challenge by both dengue virus and JEV virulent virus. Protein Cell 2018; 8:225-229. [PMID: 28124229 PMCID: PMC5326627 DOI: 10.1007/s13238-016-0363-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Yang
- Department of Viral Vaccine, Chengdu Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Chengdu, 610023, China.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637007, China
| | - Huiqiang Yang
- Department of Viral Vaccine, Chengdu Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Chengdu, 610023, China
| | - Zhushi Li
- Department of Viral Vaccine, Chengdu Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Chengdu, 610023, China
| | - Hua Lin
- Department of Viral Vaccine, Chengdu Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Chengdu, 610023, China
| | - Yu Zhao
- Department of Viral Vaccine, Chengdu Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Chengdu, 610023, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Viral Vaccine, Chengdu Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Chengdu, 610023, China
| | - Shuai Tan
- Department of Viral Vaccine, Chengdu Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Chengdu, 610023, China
| | - Xianwu Zeng
- Department of Viral Vaccine, Chengdu Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Chengdu, 610023, China
| | - Yuhua Li
- Department of Arboviruses Vaccine, National Institute for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, 100050, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610000, China.
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Yang H, Yang H, Li Z, Liu L, Wang W, He T, Fan F, Sun Y, Liu J, Li Y, Zeng X. Japanese encephalitis virus/yellow fever virus chimera is safe and confers full protection against yellow fever virus in intracerebrally challenged mice. Vaccine 2018; 36:2450-2455. [PMID: 29580643 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.03.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Revised: 03/10/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Yellow fever (YF) is an acute viral haemorrhagic disease caused by the yellow fever virus (YFV), which remains a potential threat to public health. The live-attenuated YF vaccine (17D strain) is a safe and highly effective measure against YF. However, increasing adverse events have been associated with YF vaccinations in recent years; thus, safer, alternative vaccines are needed. In this study, using the Japanese encephalitis live vaccine strain SA14-14-2 as a backbone, a novel chimeric virus was constructed by replacing the pre-membrane (prM) and envelope (E) genes with their YFV 17D counterparts.The chimeric virus exhibited a reduced growth rate and a much smaller plaque morphology than did either parental virus. Furthermore, the chimera was much less neurovirulent than was YF17D and protected mice that were challenged with a lethal dose of the YF virus. These results suggest that this chimera has potential as a novel attenuated YF vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiqiang Yang
- Department of Viral Vaccines, Chengdu Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd, China National Biotech Group, Chengdu 610023, PR China
| | - Huan Yang
- Department of Viral Vaccines, Chengdu Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd, China National Biotech Group, Chengdu 610023, PR China
| | - Zhushi Li
- Department of Viral Vaccines, Chengdu Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd, China National Biotech Group, Chengdu 610023, PR China
| | - Lina Liu
- Department of Viral Vaccines, Chengdu Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd, China National Biotech Group, Chengdu 610023, PR China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Viral Vaccines, Chengdu Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd, China National Biotech Group, Chengdu 610023, PR China
| | - Ting He
- Department of Viral Vaccines, Chengdu Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd, China National Biotech Group, Chengdu 610023, PR China
| | - Fengming Fan
- Department of Viral Vaccines, Chengdu Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd, China National Biotech Group, Chengdu 610023, PR China
| | - Yan Sun
- Department of Viral Vaccines, Chengdu Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd, China National Biotech Group, Chengdu 610023, PR China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Viral Vaccines, Chengdu Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd, China National Biotech Group, Chengdu 610023, PR China
| | - Yuhua Li
- Department of Arbovirus Vaccines, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 100050, PR China.
| | - Xianwu Zeng
- Department of Viral Vaccines, Chengdu Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd, China National Biotech Group, Chengdu 610023, PR China.
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