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Sita A, Birlem GE, de Souza da Silva D, Possamai GM, Petry K, de Almeida PR, Mallmann L, Stein JF, Demoliner M, Gularte JS, Hansen AW, Witt AA, Rigotto C, Fleck JD, Spilki FR, da Rocha DT, Weber MN. Evaluation of Mastadenovirus and Rotavirus Presence in Phyllostomid, Vespertilionid, and Molossid Bats Captured in Rio Grande do Sul, Southern Brazil. FOOD AND ENVIRONMENTAL VIROLOGY 2024; 16:136-142. [PMID: 38532064 DOI: 10.1007/s12560-023-09575-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Bat-borne viruses may affect public health and the global economy. These mammals have a wide geographical distribution and unique biological, physiological, and immunogenic characteristics, allowing the dissemination of many known and unknown viruses. Enteric viruses, such as adeno (AdV) and rotaviruses, are recognized as the main causative agents of disease and outbreaks. In the present study, the presence of viruses from Adenoviridae and Reoviridae families was evaluated in molossid, phyllostomid, and vespertilionid bats captured in Rio Grande do Sul, Southern Brazil, between September 2021 and July 2022. Sixty bat rectal swabs were analyzed by PCR. Eight (13.3%) samples were positive for adenovirus and classified as human mastadenovirus C (HAdV-C) (three samples) and HAdV-E (five samples) by sequencing followed by phylogenetic analysis. All samples were negative in rotavirus specific RT-PCR. This is the first study to describe the presence of HAdV in samples of Glossophaga soricina, Eptesicus brasiliensis, and Histiotus velatus. Furthermore, the presence of HAdV-E in bats was reported, which is unusual and may suggest that other HAdV genotypes, in addition to HAdV-C, may also be harbored by wild animals. The data generated in the present study reinforces the importance of eco-surveillance of viral agents related to diseases in humans and wild animals. In addition, it is essential to identify possible new hosts or reservoirs that increase the risk of spillover and dissemination of infectious pathogens, helping to prevent and control zoonotic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Sita
- Laboratório de Microbiologia Molecular, Universidade Feevale, Novo Hamburgo, Rio Grande Do Sul, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Espíndola Birlem
- Laboratório de Microbiologia Molecular, Universidade Feevale, Novo Hamburgo, Rio Grande Do Sul, Brazil
| | - Deivid de Souza da Silva
- Laboratório de Microbiologia Molecular, Universidade Feevale, Novo Hamburgo, Rio Grande Do Sul, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Mattos Possamai
- Laboratório de Microbiologia Molecular, Universidade Feevale, Novo Hamburgo, Rio Grande Do Sul, Brazil
| | - Karla Petry
- Laboratório de Microbiologia Molecular, Universidade Feevale, Novo Hamburgo, Rio Grande Do Sul, Brazil
| | - Paula Rodrigues de Almeida
- Laboratório de Microbiologia Molecular, Universidade Feevale, Novo Hamburgo, Rio Grande Do Sul, Brazil
- Hospital Veterinário, Universidade Feevale, Campo Bom, Rio Grande Do Sul, Brazil
| | - Larissa Mallmann
- Hospital Veterinário, Universidade Feevale, Campo Bom, Rio Grande Do Sul, Brazil
| | - Janaína Franciele Stein
- Laboratório de Microbiologia Molecular, Universidade Feevale, Novo Hamburgo, Rio Grande Do Sul, Brazil
| | - Meriane Demoliner
- Laboratório de Microbiologia Molecular, Universidade Feevale, Novo Hamburgo, Rio Grande Do Sul, Brazil
| | - Juliana Schons Gularte
- Laboratório de Microbiologia Molecular, Universidade Feevale, Novo Hamburgo, Rio Grande Do Sul, Brazil
| | - Alana Witt Hansen
- Laboratório de Microbiologia Molecular, Universidade Feevale, Novo Hamburgo, Rio Grande Do Sul, Brazil
| | - André Alberto Witt
- Secretaria da Agricultura, Pecuária, Produção Sustentável e Irrigação Do Rio Grande Do Sul (SEAPI-RS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande Do Sul, Brazil
| | - Caroline Rigotto
- Laboratório de Microbiologia Molecular, Universidade Feevale, Novo Hamburgo, Rio Grande Do Sul, Brazil
| | - Juliane Deise Fleck
- Laboratório de Microbiologia Molecular, Universidade Feevale, Novo Hamburgo, Rio Grande Do Sul, Brazil
| | - Fernando Rosado Spilki
- Laboratório de Microbiologia Molecular, Universidade Feevale, Novo Hamburgo, Rio Grande Do Sul, Brazil
- Hospital Veterinário, Universidade Feevale, Campo Bom, Rio Grande Do Sul, Brazil
| | - Daniela Tonini da Rocha
- Centro de Diagnóstico E Pesquisa Em Patologia Aviária (CDPA), Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande Do Sul, Brazil
| | - Matheus Nunes Weber
- Laboratório de Microbiologia Molecular, Universidade Feevale, Novo Hamburgo, Rio Grande Do Sul, Brazil.
- Hospital Veterinário, Universidade Feevale, Campo Bom, Rio Grande Do Sul, Brazil.
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Role of Brazilian bats in the epidemiological cycle of potentially zoonotic pathogens. Microb Pathog 2023; 177:106032. [PMID: 36804526 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2023.106032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
Bats (Chiroptera) are flying mammals of great biodiversity and habits. These characteristics contribute for them being natural reservoirs and part of the epidemiological cycle of several potentially zoonotic pathogens, such as viruses, protozoa, fungi and bacteria. Brazil hosts approximately 15% of the world's bat diversity, with 181 distinct species, 68 genera and 9 families. About 60% of infectious diseases in humans are of zoonotic origin and, in the last decades, the detection of zoonotic pathogens in bats and their environment has been reported, such as Rabies virus (RABV) and Histoplasma capsulatum. Thus, the aim of this work was to review the reports of zoonotic pathogens associated with bats in Brazil in the past ten years. We reviewed the main pathogenic microorganisms described and the species of bats most frequently involved in the epidemiological cycles of these zoonotic agents. The obtained data show an upward trend in the detection of zoonotic pathogens in Brazilian bats, such as RABV, Bartonella sp., Histoplasma capsulatum and Leishmania spp., with emphasis on the bat species Artibeus lituratus, Carollia perspicillata, Desmodus rotundus and Molossus molossus. These findings highlight the importance of monitoring bat-associated microrganisms to early identify pathogens that may threaten bat populations, including potentially zoonotic microrganisms, emphasizing the importance of the One Health approach to prevent and mitigate the risks of the emergence of zoonotic diseases.
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Isolation and Characterization of Distinct Rotavirus A in Bat and Rodent Hosts. J Virol 2023; 97:e0145522. [PMID: 36633410 PMCID: PMC9888233 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01455-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Rotavirus A (RVA) causes diarrheal disease in humans and various animals. Recent studies have identified bat and rodent RVAs with evidence of zoonotic transmission and genome reassortment. However, the virological properties of bat and rodent RVAs with currently identified genotypes still need to be better clarified. Here, we performed virus isolation-based screening for RVA in animal specimens and isolated RVAs (representative strains: 16-06 and MpR12) from Egyptian fruit bat and Natal multimammate mouse collected in Zambia. Whole-genome sequencing and phylogenetic analysis revealed that the genotypes of bat RVA 16-06 were identical to that of RVA BATp39 strain from the Kenyan fruit bat, which has not yet been characterized. Moreover, all segments of rodent RVA MpR12 were highly divergent and assigned to novel genotypes, but RVA MpR12 was phylogenetically closer to bat RVAs than to other rodent RVAs, indicating a unique evolutionary history. We further investigated the virological properties of the isolated RVAs. In brief, we found that 16-06 entered cells by binding to sialic acids on the cell surface, while MpR12 entered in a sialic acid-independent manner. Experimental inoculation of suckling mice with 16-06 and MpR12 revealed that these RVAs are causative agents of diarrhea. Moreover, 16-06 and MpR12 demonstrated an ability to infect and replicate in a 3D-reconstructed primary human intestinal epithelium with comparable efficiency to the human RVA. Taken together, our results detail the unique genetic and virological features of bat and rodent RVAs and demonstrate the need for further investigation of their zoonotic potential. IMPORTANCE Recent advances in nucleotide sequence detection methods have enabled the detection of RVA genomes from various animals. These studies have discovered multiple divergent RVAs and have resulted in proposals for the genetic classification of novel genotypes. However, most of these RVAs have been identified via dsRNA viral genomes and not from infectious viruses, and their virological properties, such as cell/host tropisms, transmissibility, and pathogenicity, are unclear and remain to be clarified. Here, we successfully isolated RVAs with novel genome constellations from three bats and one rodent in Zambia. In addition to whole-genome sequencing, the isolated RVAs were characterized by glycan-binding affinity, pathogenicity in mice, and infectivity to the human gut using a 3D culture of primary intestinal epithelium. Our study reveals the first virological properties of bat and rodent RVAs with high genetic diversity and unique evolutional history and provides basic knowledge to begin estimating the potential of zoonotic transmission.
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Díaz Alarcón RG, Liotta DJ, Miño S. Zoonotic RVA: State of the Art and Distribution in the Animal World. Viruses 2022; 14:v14112554. [PMID: 36423163 PMCID: PMC9694813 DOI: 10.3390/v14112554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Rotavirus species A (RVA) is a pathogen mainly affecting children under five years old and young animals. The infection produces acute diarrhea in its hosts and, in intensively reared livestock animals, can cause severe economic losses. In this study, we analyzed all RVA genomic constellations described in animal hosts. This review included animal RVA strains in humans. We compiled detection methods, hosts, genotypes and complete genomes. RVA was described in 86 animal species, with 52% (45/86) described by serology, microscopy or the hybridization method; however, strain sequences were not described. All of these reports were carried out between 1980 and 1990. In 48% (41/86) of them, 9251 strain sequences were reported, with 28% being porcine, 27% bovine, 12% equine and 33% from several other animal species. Genomic constellations were performed in 80% (32/40) of hosts. Typical constellation patterns were observed in groups such as birds, domestic animals and artiodactyls. The analysis of the constellations showed RVA's capacity to infect a broad range of species, because there are RVA genotypes (even entire constellations) from animal species which were described in other studies. This suggests that this virus could generate highly virulent variants through gene reassortments and that these strains could be transmitted to humans as a zoonotic disease, making future surveillance necessary for the prevention of future outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Gabriel Díaz Alarcón
- Laboratory of Applied Molecular Biology (LaBiMAp), Faculty of Exacts, Chemical and Natural Sciences, National University of Misiones (UNaM), Posadas 3300, Misiones, Argentina
| | - Domingo Javier Liotta
- Laboratory of Applied Molecular Biology (LaBiMAp), Faculty of Exacts, Chemical and Natural Sciences, National University of Misiones (UNaM), Posadas 3300, Misiones, Argentina
- National Institute of Tropical Medicine (INMeT)—ANLIS “Dr. Carlos Malbrán”, Puerto Iguazú 3370, Misiones, Argentina
| | - Samuel Miño
- Laboratory of Applied Molecular Biology (LaBiMAp), Faculty of Exacts, Chemical and Natural Sciences, National University of Misiones (UNaM), Posadas 3300, Misiones, Argentina
- National Institute of Agricultural Technology (INTA), EEA Cerro Azul, National Route 14, Km 836, Cerro Azul 3313, Misiones, Argentina
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +54-376-449-4740 (ext. 120)
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5
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Bergner LM, Mollentze N, Orton RJ, Tello C, Broos A, Biek R, Streicker DG. Characterizing and Evaluating the Zoonotic Potential of Novel Viruses Discovered in Vampire Bats. Viruses 2021; 13:252. [PMID: 33562073 PMCID: PMC7914986 DOI: 10.3390/v13020252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The contemporary surge in metagenomic sequencing has transformed knowledge of viral diversity in wildlife. However, evaluating which newly discovered viruses pose sufficient risk of infecting humans to merit detailed laboratory characterization and surveillance remains largely speculative. Machine learning algorithms have been developed to address this imbalance by ranking the relative likelihood of human infection based on viral genome sequences, but are not yet routinely applied to viruses at the time of their discovery. Here, we characterized viral genomes detected through metagenomic sequencing of feces and saliva from common vampire bats (Desmodus rotundus) and used these data as a case study in evaluating zoonotic potential using molecular sequencing data. Of 58 detected viral families, including 17 which infect mammals, the only known zoonosis detected was rabies virus; however, additional genomes were detected from the families Hepeviridae, Coronaviridae, Reoviridae, Astroviridae and Picornaviridae, all of which contain human-infecting species. In phylogenetic analyses, novel vampire bat viruses most frequently grouped with other bat viruses that are not currently known to infect humans. In agreement, machine learning models built from only phylogenetic information ranked all novel viruses similarly, yielding little insight into zoonotic potential. In contrast, genome composition-based machine learning models estimated different levels of zoonotic potential, even for closely related viruses, categorizing one out of four detected hepeviruses and two out of three picornaviruses as having high priority for further research. We highlight the value of evaluating zoonotic potential beyond ad hoc consideration of phylogeny and provide surveillance recommendations for novel viruses in a wildlife host which has frequent contact with humans and domestic animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura M. Bergner
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK; (N.M.); (R.B.); (D.G.S.)
- MRC–University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK; (R.J.O.); (A.B.)
| | - Nardus Mollentze
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK; (N.M.); (R.B.); (D.G.S.)
- MRC–University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK; (R.J.O.); (A.B.)
| | - Richard J. Orton
- MRC–University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK; (R.J.O.); (A.B.)
| | - Carlos Tello
- Association for the Conservation and Development of Natural Resources, Lima 15037, Peru;
- Yunkawasi, Lima 15049, Peru
| | - Alice Broos
- MRC–University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK; (R.J.O.); (A.B.)
| | - Roman Biek
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK; (N.M.); (R.B.); (D.G.S.)
| | - Daniel G. Streicker
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK; (N.M.); (R.B.); (D.G.S.)
- MRC–University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK; (R.J.O.); (A.B.)
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6
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At Least Seven Distinct Rotavirus Genotype Constellations in Bats with Evidence of Reassortment and Zoonotic Transmissions. mBio 2021; 12:mBio.02755-20. [PMID: 33468689 PMCID: PMC7845630 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.02755-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The increased research on bat coronaviruses after severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) allowed the very rapid identification of SARS-CoV-2. This is an excellent example of the importance of knowing viruses harbored by wildlife in general, and bats in particular, for global preparedness against emerging viral pathogens. Bats host many viruses pathogenic to humans, and increasing evidence suggests that rotavirus A (RVA) also belongs to this list. Rotaviruses cause diarrheal disease in many mammals and birds, and their segmented genomes allow them to reassort and increase their genetic diversity. Eighteen out of 2,142 bat fecal samples (0.8%) collected from Europe, Central America, and Africa were PCR-positive for RVA, and 11 of those were fully characterized using viral metagenomics. Upon contrasting their genomes with publicly available data, at least 7 distinct bat RVA genotype constellations (GCs) were identified, which included evidence of reassortments and 6 novel genotypes. Some of these constellations are spread across the world, whereas others appear to be geographically restricted. Our analyses also suggest that several unusual human and equine RVA strains might be of bat RVA origin, based on their phylogenetic clustering, despite various levels of nucleotide sequence identities between them. Although SA11 is one of the most widely used reference strains for RVA research and forms the backbone of a reverse genetics system, its origin remained enigmatic. Remarkably, the majority of the genotypes of SA11-like strains were shared with Gabonese bat RVAs, suggesting a potential common origin. Overall, our findings suggest an underexplored genetic diversity of RVAs in bats, which is likely only the tip of the iceberg. Increasing contact between humans and bat wildlife will further increase the zoonosis risk, which warrants closer attention to these viruses.
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7
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Kia GSN, Tao Y, Umoh JU, Kwaga JKP, Tong S. Identification of Coronaviruses, Paramyxoviruses, Reoviruses, and Rotaviruses among Bats in Nigeria. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2021; 104:1106-1110. [PMID: 33534762 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.19-0872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Bats are often consumed by some ethnic groups in Nigeria despite association of bats with many important emerging viruses. More than 300 bats representing eight species were captured during 2010-2011 in eight locations of northern Nigeria. Available fecal swabs (n = 95) were screened for the presence of arenaviruses, CoVs, paramyxoviruses (PMVs), reoviruses, rhabdoviruses, and influenza viruses using generic reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction assays. Here, we document the detection of CoVs, PMVs, reoviruses, and rotaviruses (RVs) in Nigerian bats. The Nigerian bat CoVs are grouped within other bat SARS-CoV-like viruses identified from Ghana in a sister clade next to the human SARS-CoV clade. The phylogenetic analysis indicated a broad range of RVs present in Nigerian bats, some cluster with human RVs and some represent novel species. Our study adds that continuing global surveillance for viruses in bats to understand their origin, adaptation, and evolution is important to prevent and control future zoonotic disease outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ying Tao
- 2Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | | | | | - Suxiang Tong
- 2Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
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8
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Komoto S, Tacharoenmuang R, Guntapong R, Upachai S, Singchai P, Ide T, Fukuda S, Hatazawa R, Sutthiwarakom K, Kongjorn S, Onvimala N, Luechakham T, Sriwanthana B, Murata T, Uppapong B, Taniguchi K. Genomic characterization of a novel G3P[10] rotavirus strain from a diarrheic child in Thailand: Evidence for bat-to-human zoonotic transmission. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2021; 87:104667. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2020.104667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcione B. De Oliveira
- Graduate Program in Zoology, National Museum, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Quinta da Boa Vista s/n, São Cristóvão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20940-040, Brazil
| | - Cibele R. Bonvicino
- Graduate Program in Zoology, National Museum, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Quinta da Boa Vista s/n, São Cristóvão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20940-040, Brazil
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10
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Islam A, Hossain ME, Rostal MK, Ferdous J, Islam A, Hasan R, Miah M, Rahman M, Rahman MZ, Daszak P, Epstein JH. Epidemiology and Molecular Characterization of Rotavirus A in Fruit Bats in Bangladesh. ECOHEALTH 2020; 17:398-405. [PMID: 32876756 PMCID: PMC7464061 DOI: 10.1007/s10393-020-01488-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Rotavirus A (RVA) is the primary cause of acute dehydrating diarrhea in human and numerous animal species. Animal-to-human interspecies transmission is one of the evolutionary mechanisms driving rotavirus strain diversity in humans. We screened fresh feces from 416 bats (201 Pteropus medius, 165 Rousettus leschenaultii and 50 Taphozous melanopogon) for RVA using rRT-PCR. We detected a prevalence of 7% (95% CI 3.5-10.8) and 2% (95% CI 0.4-5.2) in P. medius and R. leschenaultii, respectively. We did not detect RVA in the insectivorous bat (T. melanopogon). We identified RVA strains similar to the human strains of G1 and G8 based on sequence-based genotyping, which underscores the importance of including wildlife species in surveillance for zoonotic pathogens to understand pathogen transmission and evolution better.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariful Islam
- EcoHealth Alliance, 460 West 34th Street, Suite 17, New York, NY, 10001, USA
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Mohammad Enayet Hossain
- International Centre for Diarrheal Diseases Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Melinda K Rostal
- EcoHealth Alliance, 460 West 34th Street, Suite 17, New York, NY, 10001, USA
| | - Jinnat Ferdous
- EcoHealth Alliance, 460 West 34th Street, Suite 17, New York, NY, 10001, USA
- Institute of Epidemiology, Disease Control and Research (IEDCR), Mohakhali, Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Ausraful Islam
- International Centre for Diarrheal Diseases Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Rashedul Hasan
- International Centre for Diarrheal Diseases Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mojnu Miah
- International Centre for Diarrheal Diseases Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mustafizur Rahman
- International Centre for Diarrheal Diseases Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammed Ziaur Rahman
- International Centre for Diarrheal Diseases Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Peter Daszak
- EcoHealth Alliance, 460 West 34th Street, Suite 17, New York, NY, 10001, USA
| | - Jonathan H Epstein
- EcoHealth Alliance, 460 West 34th Street, Suite 17, New York, NY, 10001, USA.
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11
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de Barros BDCV, Chagas EN, Bezerra LW, Ribeiro LG, Duarte Júnior JWB, Pereira D, da Penha Junior ET, Silva JR, Bezerra DAM, Bandeira RS, Pinheiro HHC, Guerra SDFDS, Guimarães RJDPSE, Mascarenhas JDP. Rotavirus A in wild and domestic animals from areas with environmental degradation in the Brazilian Amazon. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0209005. [PMID: 30562373 PMCID: PMC6298726 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0209005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute gastroenteritis is one of the main causes of mortality in humans and young animals. Domestic and mainly wild animals such as bats, small rodents and birds are highly diversified animals in relation to their habitats and ecological niches and are widely distributed geographically in environments of forest fragmentation in some areas of the Amazon, being considered important sources for viruses that affect humans and other animals. Due to the anthropical activities, these animals changed their natural habitat and adapted to urbanized environments, thus representing risks to human and animal health. Although the knowledge of the global diversity of enteric viruses is scarce, there are reports demonstrating the detection of rotavirus in domestic animals and animals of productive systems, such as bovines and pigs. The present study investigated the prevalence of Rotavirus A in 648 fecal samples of different animal species from the northeastern mesoregion of the state of Pará, Brazil, which is characterized as an urbanized area with forest fragments. The fecal specimens were collected from October 2014 to April 2016 and subjected to a Qualitative Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-qPCR), using the NSP3 gene as a target. It was observed that 27.5% (178/648) of the samples presented positive results for RVA, with 178 samples distributed in birds (23.6%), canines (21.35%), chiropterans (17.98%), bovines (14.6%), horses (8.43%), small rodents (6.74%), pigs (3.93%) and felines (3.37%), demonstrating the circulation of RVA in domestic animals and suggesting that such proximity could cause transmissions between different species and the occurrence of rearrangements in the genome of RVA as already described in the literature, associated to the traces of environmental degradation in the studied areas.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Diego Pereira
- Amazon Metropolitan University Center, Belém, Pará, Brazil
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12
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Sasaki M, Kajihara M, Changula K, Mori-Kajihara A, Ogawa H, Hang'ombe BM, Mweene AS, Simuunza M, Yoshida R, Carr M, Orba Y, Takada A, Sawa H. Identification of group A rotaviruses from Zambian fruit bats provides evidence for long-distance dispersal events in Africa. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2018; 63:104-109. [PMID: 29792990 PMCID: PMC7173303 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2018.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Revised: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Group A rotavirus (RVA) is a major cause of diarrhea in children worldwide. Although RVA infects many animals, little is known about RVA in bats. The present study investigated the genetic diversity of RVA in Zambian bats. We identified RVA from two straw-colored fruit bats (Eidolon helvum) and an Egyptian fruit bat (Rousettus aegyptiacus), and analyzed the genome sequences of these strains. Genome segments of the RVA strains from Zambian E. helvum showed 97%–99% nucleotide sequence identity with those of other RVA strains from E. helvum in Cameroon, which is 2800 km from the sampling locations. These findings suggest that migratory straw-colored fruit bat species, distributed across sub-Saharan Africa, have the potential to disseminate RVA across long distances. By contrast, the RVA strain from Zambian R. aegyptiacus carried highly divergent NSP2 and NSP4 genes, leading us to propose novel genotypes N21 and E27, respectively. Notably, this RVA strain also shared the same genotype for VP6 and NSP3 with the RVA strains from Zambian E. helvum, suggesting interspecies transmission and genetic reassortment may have occurred between these two bat species in the past. Our study has important implications for RVA dispersal in bat populations, and expands our knowledge of the ecology, diversity and evolutionary relationships of RVA. Detection of group A rotavirus from Zambian fruit bats. Some viral genes were almost identical to those of rotavirus from Cameroonian bats. The findings provide evidence for long-distance dispersal events of rotavirus. First report of novel N21 and E27 genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michihito Sasaki
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan.
| | - Masahiro Kajihara
- Division of Global Epidemiology, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan
| | - Katendi Changula
- Department of Paraclinical Studies, School of Veterinary and Medicine, University of Zambia, PO Box 32379, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Akina Mori-Kajihara
- Division of Global Epidemiology, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan
| | - Hirohito Ogawa
- Hokudai Center for Zoonosis Control in Zambia, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, PO Box 32379, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Bernard M Hang'ombe
- Department of Paraclinical Studies, School of Veterinary and Medicine, University of Zambia, PO Box 32379, Lusaka, Zambia; Africa Center of Excellence for Infectious Diseases of Humans and Animals, University of Zambia, PO Box 32379, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Aaron S Mweene
- Department of Disease Control, School of Veterinary and Medicine, University of Zambia, PO Box 32379, Lusaka, Zambia; Africa Center of Excellence for Infectious Diseases of Humans and Animals, University of Zambia, PO Box 32379, Lusaka, Zambia; Global Virus Network, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Martin Simuunza
- Department of Disease Control, School of Veterinary and Medicine, University of Zambia, PO Box 32379, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Reiko Yoshida
- Division of Global Epidemiology, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan
| | - Michael Carr
- Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education (GI-CoRE), Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan; National Virus Reference Laboratory, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Yasuko Orba
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan
| | - Ayato Takada
- Division of Global Epidemiology, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan; Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education (GI-CoRE), Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Sawa
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan; Global Virus Network, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education (GI-CoRE), Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan.
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13
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Molecular characterization of a human G20P[28] rotavirus a strain with multiple genes related to bat rotaviruses. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2017; 57:166-170. [PMID: 29187315 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2017.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Revised: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Group A rotaviruses are the major cause of severe gastroenteritis in the young of mammals and birds. This report describes characterization of an unusual G20P[28] rotavirus strain detected in a 24month old child from Suriname. Genomic sequence analyses revealed that the genotype constellation of the Suriname strain RVA/Human-wt/SUR/2014735512/2013/G20P[28] was G20-P[28]-I13-R13-C13-M12-A23-N13-T15-E20-H15. Genes VP1, VP2, VP3, NSP1, NSP2, NSP3, NSP4 and NSP5 were recently assigned novel genotypes by the Rotavirus Classification Working Group (RCWG). Three of the 11 gene segments (VP7, VP4, VP6) were similar to cognate gene sequences of bat-like human rotavirus strain Ecu534 from Ecuador and the VP7, NSP3 and NSP5 gene segments of strain RVA/Human-wt/SUR/2014735512/2013/G20P[28] were found to be closely related to gene sequences of bat rotavirus strain 3081/BRA detected in Brazil. Although distantly related, the VP1 gene of the study strain and bat strain BatLi09 detected in Cameroon in 2014 are monophyletic. The NSP1 gene was found to be most closely related to human strain QUI-35-F5 from Brazil. These findings suggest that strain RVA/Human-wt/SUR/2014735512/2013/G20P[28] represents a zoonotic infection from a bat host.
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14
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Abstract
Rotavirus infections are a leading cause of severe, dehydrating gastroenteritis in children <5 years of age. Despite the global introduction of vaccinations for rotavirus over a decade ago, rotavirus infections still result in >200,000 deaths annually, mostly in low-income countries. Rotavirus primarily infects enterocytes and induces diarrhoea through the destruction of absorptive enterocytes (leading to malabsorption), intestinal secretion stimulated by rotavirus non-structural protein 4 and activation of the enteric nervous system. In addition, rotavirus infections can lead to antigenaemia (which is associated with more severe manifestations of acute gastroenteritis) and viraemia, and rotavirus can replicate in systemic sites, although this is limited. Reinfections with rotavirus are common throughout life, although the disease severity is reduced with repeat infections. The immune correlates of protection against rotavirus reinfection and recovery from infection are poorly understood, although rotavirus-specific immunoglobulin A has a role in both aspects. The management of rotavirus infection focuses on the prevention and treatment of dehydration, although the use of antiviral and anti-emetic drugs can be indicated in some cases.
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15
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Molecular detection of viruses in Kenyan bats and discovery of novel astroviruses, caliciviruses and rotaviruses. Virol Sin 2017; 32:101-114. [PMID: 28393313 PMCID: PMC6702250 DOI: 10.1007/s12250-016-3930-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This is the first country-wide surveillance of bat-borne viruses in Kenya spanning
from 2012–2015 covering sites perceived to have medium to high level bat-human
interaction. The objective of this surveillance study was to apply a non-invasive
approach using fresh feces to detect viruses circulating within the diverse species
of Kenyan bats. We screened for both DNA and RNA viruses; specifically, astroviruses
(AstVs), adenoviruses (ADVs), caliciviruses (CalVs), coronaviruses (CoVs),
flaviviruses, filoviruses, paramyxoviruses (PMVs), polyomaviruses (PYVs) and
rotaviruses. We used family-specific primers, amplicon sequencing and further
characterization by phylogenetic analysis. Except for filoviruses, eight virus
families were detected with varying distributions and positive rates across the five
regions (former provinces) studied. AstVs (12.83%), CoVs (3.97%), PMV (2.4%), ADV
(2.26%), PYV (1.65%), CalVs (0.29%), rotavirus (0.19%) and flavivirus (0.19%). Novel
CalVs were detected in Rousettus aegyptiacus and
Mops condylurus while novel
Rotavirus-A-related viruses were detected in Taphozous bats and R.
aegyptiacus. The two Rotavirus A (RVA)
strains detected were highly related to human strains with VP6 genotypes I2 and I16.
Genotype I16 has previously been assigned to human RVA-strain B10 from Kenya only,
which raises public health concern, particularly considering increased human-bat
interaction. Additionally, 229E-like bat CoVs were detected in samples originating
from Hipposideros bats roosting in sites with
high human activity. Our findings confirm the presence of diverse viruses in Kenyan
bats while providing extended knowledge on bat virus distribution. The detection of
viruses highly related to human strains and hence of public health concern,
underscores the importance of continuous surveillance.
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16
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Bányai K, Kemenesi G, Budinski I, Földes F, Zana B, Marton S, Varga-Kugler R, Oldal M, Kurucz K, Jakab F. Candidate new rotavirus species in Schreiber's bats, Serbia. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2016; 48:19-26. [PMID: 27932285 PMCID: PMC7106153 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2016.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Revised: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The genus Rotavirus comprises eight species designated A to H and one tentative species, Rotavirus I. In a virus metagenomic analysis of Schreiber's bats sampled in Serbia in 2014 we obtained sequences likely representing novel rotavirus species. Whole genome sequencing and phylogenetic analysis classified the representative strain into a tentative tenth rotavirus species, we provisionally called Rotavirus J. The novel virus shared a maximum of 50% amino acid sequence identity within the VP6 gene to currently known members of the genus. This study extends our understanding of the genetic diversity of rotaviruses in bats. Viral metagenomic analysis identified numerous eukaryotic viruses in bat guano. Whole genome sequencing was performed to characterize a novel rotavirus strain. This novel rotavirus strain likely represents a new rotavirus species, provisionally named Rotavirus J.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krisztián Bányai
- Lendület Pathogen Discovery Research Group, Institute for Veterinary Medical Research, Centre for Agricultural Research, HAS-Centre for Agricultural Research, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Gábor Kemenesi
- Virological Research Group, Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Ivana Budinski
- Department of Genetic Research, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Fanni Földes
- Virological Research Group, Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Brigitta Zana
- Virological Research Group, Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Szilvia Marton
- Lendület Pathogen Discovery Research Group, Institute for Veterinary Medical Research, Centre for Agricultural Research, HAS-Centre for Agricultural Research, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Renáta Varga-Kugler
- Lendület Pathogen Discovery Research Group, Institute for Veterinary Medical Research, Centre for Agricultural Research, HAS-Centre for Agricultural Research, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Miklós Oldal
- Virological Research Group, Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Kornélia Kurucz
- Virological Research Group, Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Ferenc Jakab
- Virological Research Group, Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary.
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