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Hiono T, Sakaue H, Tomioka A, Kaji H, Sasaki M, Orba Y, Sawa H, Kuno A. Combinatorial Approach with Mass Spectrometry and Lectin Microarray Dissected Site-Specific Glycostem and Glycoleaf Features of the Virion-Derived Spike Protein of Ancestral and γ Variant SARS-CoV-2 Strains. J Proteome Res 2024; 23:1408-1419. [PMID: 38536229 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.3c00874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has impacted public health globally. As the glycosylation of viral envelope glycoproteins is strongly associated with their immunogenicity, intensive studies have been conducted on the glycans of the glycoprotein of SARS-CoV-2, the spike (S) protein. Here, we conducted intensive glycoproteomic analyses of the SARS-CoV-2 S protein of ancestral and γ-variant strains using a combinatorial approach with two different technologies: mass spectrometry (MS) and lectin microarrays (LMA). Our unique MS1-based glycoproteomic technique, Glyco-RIDGE, in addition to MS2-based Byonic search, identified 1448 (ancestral strain) and 1785 (γ-variant strain) site-specific glycan compositions, respectively. Asparagine at amino acid position 20 (N20) is mainly glycosylated within two successive potential glycosylation sites, N17 and N20, of the γ-variant S protein; however, we found low-frequency glycosylation at N17. Our novel approaches, glycostem mapping and glycoleaf scoring, also illustrate the moderately branched/extended, highly fucosylated, and less sialylated natures of the glycoforms of S proteins. Subsequent LMA analysis emphasized the intensive end-capping of glycans by Lewis fucoses, which complemented the glycoproteomic features. These results illustrate the high-resolution glycoproteomic features of the SARS-CoV-2 S protein, contributing to vaccine design and understanding of viral protein synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Hiono
- Molecular and Cellular Glycoproteomics Research Group, Cellular and Molecular Biotechnology Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science & Technology, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
- One Health Research Center, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Disease Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
- International Collaboration Unit, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0020, Japan
- Institute for Vaccine Research and Development (HU-IVReD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0021, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Sakaue
- Molecular and Cellular Glycoproteomics Research Group, Cellular and Molecular Biotechnology Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science & Technology, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
| | - Azusa Tomioka
- Molecular and Cellular Glycoproteomics Research Group, Cellular and Molecular Biotechnology Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science & Technology, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kaji
- Molecular and Cellular Glycoproteomics Research Group, Cellular and Molecular Biotechnology Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science & Technology, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
| | - Michihito Sasaki
- Institute for Vaccine Research and Development (HU-IVReD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0021, Japan
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0020, Japan
| | - Yasuko Orba
- One Health Research Center, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
- International Collaboration Unit, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0020, Japan
- Institute for Vaccine Research and Development (HU-IVReD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0021, Japan
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0020, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Sawa
- One Health Research Center, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
- International Collaboration Unit, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0020, Japan
- Institute for Vaccine Research and Development (HU-IVReD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0021, Japan
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0020, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kuno
- Molecular and Cellular Glycoproteomics Research Group, Cellular and Molecular Biotechnology Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science & Technology, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
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Sakai K, Fuke H, Yoshimura K, Sasaki M, Abe K, Haino S, Hams T, Hasegawa M, Kim KC, Lee MH, Makida Y, Mitchell JW, Nishimura J, Nozaki M, Orito R, Ormes JF, Seo ES, Streitmatter RE, Thakur N, Yamamoto A, Yoshida T. Search for Antideuterons of Cosmic Origin Using the BESS-Polar II Magnetic-Rigidity Spectrometer. Phys Rev Lett 2024; 132:131001. [PMID: 38613296 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.131001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
We searched for antideuterons (d[over ¯]'s) in the 4.7×10^{9} cosmic-ray events observed during the BESS-Polar II flight at solar minimum in 2007-2008 but found no candidates. The resulting 95% C.L. upper limit on the d[over ¯] flux is 6.7×10^{-5} (m^{2} s sr GeV/n)^{-1} in an energy range from 0.163 to 1.100 GeV/n. The result has improved by more than a factor of 14 from the upper limit of BESS97, which had a potential comparable to that of BESS-Polar II in the search for cosmic-origin d[over ¯]'s and was conducted during the former solar minimum. The upper limit of d[over ¯] flux from BESS-Polar II is the first result achieving the sensitivity to constrain the latest theoretical predictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Sakai
- NASA-Goddard Space Flight Center (NASA-GSFC), Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
- Center for Research and Exploration in Space Science and Technology (CRESST)
| | - H Fuke
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (ISAS/JAXA), Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5210, Japan
| | - K Yoshimura
- Okayama University, Okayama, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - M Sasaki
- NASA-Goddard Space Flight Center (NASA-GSFC), Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
- Center for Research and Exploration in Space Science and Technology (CRESST)
| | - K Abe
- Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
| | - S Haino
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
| | - T Hams
- NASA-Goddard Space Flight Center (NASA-GSFC), Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
- Center for Research and Exploration in Space Science and Technology (CRESST)
| | - M Hasegawa
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
| | - K C Kim
- IPST, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - M H Lee
- IPST, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Y Makida
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
| | - J W Mitchell
- NASA-Goddard Space Flight Center (NASA-GSFC), Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
| | - J Nishimura
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (ISAS/JAXA), Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5210, Japan
- The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - M Nozaki
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
| | - R Orito
- Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
| | - J F Ormes
- University of Denver, Denver, Colorado 80208, USA
| | - E S Seo
- IPST, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - R E Streitmatter
- NASA-Goddard Space Flight Center (NASA-GSFC), Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
| | - N Thakur
- NASA-Goddard Space Flight Center (NASA-GSFC), Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
| | - A Yamamoto
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
| | - T Yoshida
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (ISAS/JAXA), Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5210, Japan
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Ariizumi T, Tabata K, Itakura Y, Kobayashi H, Hall WW, Sasaki M, Sawa H, Matsuno K, Orba Y. Establishment of a lethal mouse model of emerging tick-borne orthonairovirus infections. PLoS Pathog 2024; 20:e1012101. [PMID: 38502642 PMCID: PMC10980201 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1012101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Emerging and reemerging tick-borne virus infections caused by orthonairoviruses (family Nairoviridae), which are genetically distinct from Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus, have been recently reported in East Asia. Here, we have established a mouse infection model using type-I/II interferon receptor-knockout mice (AG129 mice) both for a better understanding of the pathogenesis of these infections and validation of antiviral agents using Yezo virus (YEZV), a novel orthonairovirus causing febrile illnesses associated with tick bites in Japan and China. YEZV-inoculated AG129 mice developed hepatitis with body weight loss and died by 6 days post infection. Blood biochemistry tests showed elevated liver enzyme levels, similar to YEZV-infected human patients. AG129 mice treated with favipiravir survived lethal YEZV infection, demonstrating the anti-YEZV effect of this drug. The present mouse model will help us better understand the pathogenicity of the emerging tick-borne orthonairoviruses and the development of specific antiviral agents for their treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuma Ariizumi
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Koshiro Tabata
- Institute for Vaccine Research and Development, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yukari Itakura
- Institute for Vaccine Research and Development, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hiroko Kobayashi
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - William W. Hall
- Institute for Vaccine Research and Development, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- National Virus Reference Laboratory, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, 4, Ireland
- Global Virus Network, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- International Collaboration Unit, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Michihito Sasaki
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Institute for Vaccine Research and Development, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Sawa
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Institute for Vaccine Research and Development, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Global Virus Network, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- International Collaboration Unit, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- One Health Research Center, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Keita Matsuno
- Institute for Vaccine Research and Development, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- International Collaboration Unit, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- One Health Research Center, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Division of Risk Analysis and Management, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yasuko Orba
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Institute for Vaccine Research and Development, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- International Collaboration Unit, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- One Health Research Center, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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Handabile C, Ohno M, Sekiya T, Nomura N, Kawakita T, Kawahara M, Endo M, Nishimura T, Okumura M, Toba S, Sasaki M, Orba Y, Chua BY, Rowntree LC, Nguyen THO, Shingai M, Sato A, Sawa H, Ogasawara K, Kedzierska K, Kida H. Immunogenicity and protective efficacy of a co-formulated two-in-one inactivated whole virus particle COVID-19/influenza vaccine. Sci Rep 2024; 14:4204. [PMID: 38378856 PMCID: PMC10879490 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-54421-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Due to the synchronous circulation of seasonal influenza viruses and severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) which causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), there is need for routine vaccination for both COVID-19 and influenza to reduce disease severity. Here, we prepared individual WPVs composed of formalin-inactivated SARS-CoV-2 WK 521 (Ancestral strain; Co WPV) or influenza virus [A/California/07/2009 (X-179A) (H1N1) pdm; Flu WPV] to produce a two-in-one Co/Flu WPV. Serum analysis from vaccinated mice revealed that a single dose of Co/Flu WPV induced antigen-specific neutralizing antibodies against both viruses, similar to those induced by either type of WPV alone. Following infection with either virus, mice vaccinated with Co/Flu WPV showed no weight loss, reduced pneumonia and viral titers in the lung, and lower gene expression of proinflammatory cytokines, as observed with individual WPV-vaccinated. Furthermore, a pentavalent vaccine (Co/qFlu WPV) comprising of Co WPV and quadrivalent influenza vaccine (qFlu WPV) was immunogenic and protected animals from severe COVID-19. These results suggest that a single dose of the two-in-one WPV provides efficient protection against SARS-CoV-2 and influenza virus infections with no evidence of vaccine interference in mice. We propose that concomitant vaccination with the two-in-one WPV can be useful for controlling both diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chimuka Handabile
- Institute for Vaccine Research and Development (HU-IVReD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Division of Biologics Development, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Marumi Ohno
- Institute for Vaccine Research and Development (HU-IVReD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Division of Biologics Development, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- One Health Research Center, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Toshiki Sekiya
- Institute for Vaccine Research and Development (HU-IVReD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Division of Biologics Development, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- International Collaboration Unit, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Naoki Nomura
- Institute for Vaccine Research and Development (HU-IVReD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Division of Biologics Development, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Division of International Research Promotion, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tomomi Kawakita
- Institute for Vaccine Research and Development (HU-IVReD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Division of Vaccine Immunology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Mamiko Kawahara
- Division of Biologics Development, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | | | | | | | - Shinsuke Toba
- Shionogi Pharmaceutical Research Center, Shionogi & Company, Limited, Toyonaka, Japan
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Michihito Sasaki
- Institute for Vaccine Research and Development (HU-IVReD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yasuko Orba
- Institute for Vaccine Research and Development (HU-IVReD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Brendon Y Chua
- International Collaboration Unit, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Louise C Rowntree
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Thi H O Nguyen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Masashi Shingai
- Institute for Vaccine Research and Development (HU-IVReD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Division of Biologics Development, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- International Collaboration Unit, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Division of Vaccine Immunology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Akihiko Sato
- Institute for Vaccine Research and Development (HU-IVReD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Shionogi Pharmaceutical Research Center, Shionogi & Company, Limited, Toyonaka, Japan
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Sawa
- Institute for Vaccine Research and Development (HU-IVReD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- One Health Research Center, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- International Collaboration Unit, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kazumasa Ogasawara
- Division of Biologics Development, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Katherine Kedzierska
- Institute for Vaccine Research and Development (HU-IVReD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- International Collaboration Unit, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Hiroshi Kida
- Institute for Vaccine Research and Development (HU-IVReD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
- Division of Biologics Development, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
- International Collaboration Unit, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
- Division of Vaccine Immunology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
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Tsumita T, Takeda R, Maishi N, Hida Y, Sasaki M, Orba Y, Sato A, Toba S, Ito W, Teshirogi T, Sakurai Y, Iba T, Naito H, Ando H, Watanabe H, Mizuno A, Nakanishi T, Matsuda A, Zixiao R, Lee J, Iimura T, Sawa H, Hida K. Viral uptake and pathophysiology of the lung endothelial cells in age-associated severe SARS-CoV-2 infection models. Aging Cell 2024; 23:e14050. [PMID: 38098255 PMCID: PMC10861199 DOI: 10.1111/acel.14050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Thrombosis is the major cause of death in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, and the pathology of vascular endothelial cells (ECs) has received much attention. Although there is evidence of the infection of ECs in human autopsy tissues, their detailed pathophysiology remains unclear due to the lack of animal model to study it. We used a mouse-adapted SARS-CoV-2 virus strain in young and mid-aged mice. Only mid-aged mice developed fatal pneumonia with thrombosis. Pulmonary ECs were isolated from these infected mice and RNA-Seq was performed. The pulmonary EC transcriptome revealed that significantly higher levels of viral genes were detected in ECs from mid-aged mice with upregulation of viral response genes such as DDX58 and IRF7. In addition, the thrombogenesis-related genes encoding PLAT, PF4, F3 PAI-1, and P-selectin were upregulated. In addition, the inflammation-related molecules such as CXCL2 and CXCL10 were upregulated in the mid-aged ECs upon viral infection. Our mouse model demonstrated that SARS-CoV-2 virus entry into aged vascular ECs upregulated thrombogenesis and inflammation-related genes and led to fatal pneumonia with thrombosis. Current results of EC transcriptome showed that EC uptake virus and become thrombogenic by activating neutrophils and platelets in the aged mice, suggesting age-associated EC response as a novel finding in human severe COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Tsumita
- Department of Vascular Biology and Molecular Pathology, Faculty and Graduate School of Dental MedicineHokkaido UniversitySapporoJapan
| | - Ryo Takeda
- Department of Vascular Biology and Molecular Pathology, Faculty and Graduate School of Dental MedicineHokkaido UniversitySapporoJapan
- Department of Oral Diagnosis and Medicine, Faculty and Graduate School of Dental MedicineHokkaido UniversitySapporoJapan
| | - Nako Maishi
- Department of Vascular Biology and Molecular Pathology, Faculty and Graduate School of Dental MedicineHokkaido UniversitySapporoJapan
| | - Yasuhiro Hida
- Department of Advanced Robotic and Endoscopic SurgeryFujita Health UniversityToyoakeJapan
| | - Michihito Sasaki
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, International Institute for Zoonosis ControlHokkaido UniversitySapporoJapan
| | - Yasuko Orba
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, International Institute for Zoonosis ControlHokkaido UniversitySapporoJapan
- International Collaboration Unit, International Institute for Zoonosis ControlHokkaido UniversitySapporoJapan
| | - Akihiko Sato
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, International Institute for Zoonosis ControlHokkaido UniversitySapporoJapan
- Drug Discovery and Disease Research LaboratoryShionogi and Co., Ltd.OsakaJapan
| | - Shinsuke Toba
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, International Institute for Zoonosis ControlHokkaido UniversitySapporoJapan
- Drug Discovery and Disease Research LaboratoryShionogi and Co., Ltd.OsakaJapan
| | - Wataru Ito
- Department of Vascular Biology and Molecular Pathology, Faculty and Graduate School of Dental MedicineHokkaido UniversitySapporoJapan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty and Graduate School of Dental MedicineHokkaido UniversitySapporoJapan
| | - Takahito Teshirogi
- Department of Vascular Biology and Molecular Pathology, Faculty and Graduate School of Dental MedicineHokkaido UniversitySapporoJapan
- Department of Dental Anesthesiology, Faculty and Graduate School of Dental MedicineHokkaido UniversitySapporoJapan
| | - Yuya Sakurai
- Department of Vascular Biology and Molecular Pathology, Faculty and Graduate School of Dental MedicineHokkaido UniversitySapporoJapan
- Department of Dental Anesthesiology, Faculty and Graduate School of Dental MedicineHokkaido UniversitySapporoJapan
| | - Tomohiro Iba
- Department of Vascular Physiology, Graduate School of Medical SciencesKanazawa UniversityKanazawaJapan
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Function Analysis, Graduate School of Medical SciencesKanazawa UniversityKanazawaJapan
| | - Hisamichi Naito
- Department of Vascular Physiology, Graduate School of Medical SciencesKanazawa UniversityKanazawaJapan
| | - Hitoshi Ando
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Function Analysis, Graduate School of Medical SciencesKanazawa UniversityKanazawaJapan
| | - Haruhisa Watanabe
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty and Graduate School of Dental MedicineHokkaido UniversitySapporoJapan
| | - Amane Mizuno
- Department of Vascular Biology and Molecular Pathology, Faculty and Graduate School of Dental MedicineHokkaido UniversitySapporoJapan
| | - Toshiki Nakanishi
- Department of Vascular Biology and Molecular Pathology, Faculty and Graduate School of Dental MedicineHokkaido UniversitySapporoJapan
| | - Aya Matsuda
- Department of Vascular Biology and Molecular Pathology, Faculty and Graduate School of Dental MedicineHokkaido UniversitySapporoJapan
| | - Ren Zixiao
- Department of Vascular Biology and Molecular Pathology, Faculty and Graduate School of Dental MedicineHokkaido UniversitySapporoJapan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty and Graduate School of Dental MedicineHokkaido UniversitySapporoJapan
| | - Ji‐Won Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty and Graduate School of Dental MedicineHokkaido UniversitySapporoJapan
| | - Tadahiro Iimura
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty and Graduate School of Dental MedicineHokkaido UniversitySapporoJapan
| | - Hirofumi Sawa
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, International Institute for Zoonosis ControlHokkaido UniversitySapporoJapan
- International Collaboration Unit, International Institute for Zoonosis ControlHokkaido UniversitySapporoJapan
- One Health Research CenterHokkaido UniversitySapporoJapan
- Institute for Vaccine Research and DevelopmentHokkaido UniversitySapporoJapan
| | - Kyoko Hida
- Department of Vascular Biology and Molecular Pathology, Faculty and Graduate School of Dental MedicineHokkaido UniversitySapporoJapan
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Aharonian F, Benkhali FA, Aschersleben J, Ashkar H, Backes M, Martins VB, Batzofin R, Becherini Y, Berge D, Bernlöhr K, Bi B, Böttcher M, Boisson C, Bolmont J, de Lavergne MDB, Borowska J, Bouyahiaoui M, Breuhaus M, Brose R, Brown AM, Brun F, Bruno B, Bulik T, Burger-Scheidlin C, Caroff S, Casanova S, Cecil R, Celic J, Cerruti M, Chand T, Chandra S, Chen A, Chibueze J, Chibueze O, Cotter G, Dai S, Mbarubucyeye JD, Djannati-Ataï A, Dmytriiev A, Doroshenko V, Egberts K, Einecke S, Ernenwein JP, Filipovic M, Fontaine G, Füßling M, Funk S, Gabici S, Ghafourizadeh S, Giavitto G, Glawion D, Glicenstein JF, Grolleron G, Haerer L, Hinton JA, Hofmann W, Holch TL, Holler M, Horns D, Jamrozy M, Jankowsky F, Jardin-Blicq A, Joshi V, Jung-Richardt I, Kasai E, Katarzyński K, Khatoon R, Khélifi B, Klepser S, Kluźniak W, Komin N, Kosack K, Kostunin D, Kundu A, Lang RG, Le Stum S, Leitl F, Lemière A, Lenain JP, Leuschner F, Lohse T, Luashvili A, Lypova I, Mackey J, Malyshev D, Malyshev D, Marandon V, Marchegiani P, Marcowith A, Martí-Devesa G, Marx R, Mehta A, Mitchell A, Moderski R, Mohrmann L, Montanari A, Moulin E, Murach T, Nakashima K, de Naurois M, Niemiec J, Noel AP, Ohm S, Olivera-Nieto L, de Ona Wilhelmi E, Ostrowski M, Panny S, Panter M, Parsons RD, Peron G, Prokhorov DA, Pühlhofer G, Punch M, Quirrenbach A, Reichherzer P, Reimer A, Reimer O, Ren H, Renaud M, Reville B, Rieger F, Rowell G, Rudak B, Ricarte HR, Ruiz-Velasco E, Sahakian V, Salzmann H, Santangelo A, Sasaki M, Schäfer J, Schüssler F, Schwanke U, Shapopi JNS, Sol H, Specovius A, Spencer S, Stawarz L, Steenkamp R, Steinmassl S, Steppa C, Streil K, Sushch I, Suzuki H, Takahashi T, Tanaka T, Taylor AM, Terrier R, Tsirou M, Tsuji N, Unbehaun T, van Eldik C, Vecchi M, Veh J, Venter C, Vink J, Wach T, Wagner SJ, Werner F, White R, Wierzcholska A, Wong YW, Zacharias M, Zargaryan D, Zdziarski AA, Zech A, Zouari S, Żywucka N. Acceleration and transport of relativistic electrons in the jets of the microquasar SS 433. Science 2024; 383:402-406. [PMID: 38271522 DOI: 10.1126/science.adi2048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
SS 433 is a microquasar, a stellar binary system that launches collimated relativistic jets. We observed SS 433 in gamma rays using the High Energy Stereoscopic System (H.E.S.S.) and found an energy-dependent shift in the apparent position of the gamma-ray emission from the parsec-scale jets. These observations trace the energetic electron population and indicate that inverse Compton scattering is the emission mechanism of the gamma rays. Our modeling of the energy-dependent gamma-ray morphology constrains the location of particle acceleration and requires an abrupt deceleration of the jet flow. We infer the presence of shocks on either side of the binary system, at distances of 25 to 30 parsecs, and that self-collimation of the precessing jets forms the shocks, which then efficiently accelerate electrons.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Aharonian
- Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, Dublin D02 XF86, Ireland
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Heidelberg D-69117, Germany
| | - F Ait Benkhali
- Landessternwarte, Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg D-69117, Germany
| | - J Aschersleben
- Kapteyn Astronomical Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen 9747 AD, Netherlands
| | - H Ashkar
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, École Polytechnique, Centre national de la recherche scientifique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, Palaiseau F-91128, France
| | - M Backes
- Department of Physics, University of Namibia, Windhoek 10005, Namibia
- Centre for Space Research, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | | | - R Batzofin
- Institut für Physik und Astronomie, Universität Potsdam, Potsdam 14476, Germany
| | - Y Becherini
- Laboratoire Astroparticule et Cosmologie, Université de Paris, Centre national de la recherche scientifique, Paris F-75013, France
- Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering, Linnaeus University, Växjö 351 95, Sweden
| | - D Berge
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, Zeuthen D-15738, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin D-12489, Germany
| | - K Bernlöhr
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Heidelberg D-69117, Germany
| | - B Bi
- Institut für Astronomie und Astrophysik, Universität Tübingen, Tübingen D-72076, Germany
| | - M Böttcher
- Centre for Space Research, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - C Boisson
- Laboratoire Univers et Théories, Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris Sciences et Lettres, CNRS, Université de Paris, Meudon 92190, France
| | - J Bolmont
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Diderot, Université Paris Cité, Institut national de physique nucléaire et de physique des particules, Centre national de la recherche scientifique, Paris F-75252, France
| | - M de Bony de Lavergne
- Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules, Centre national de la recherche scientifique, Institut national de physique nucléaire et de physique des particules, Université Savoie Mont Blanc, Annecy 74000, France
| | - J Borowska
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin D-12489, Germany
| | - M Bouyahiaoui
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Heidelberg D-69117, Germany
| | - M Breuhaus
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Heidelberg D-69117, Germany
| | - R Brose
- Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, Dublin D02 XF86, Ireland
| | - A M Brown
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RH, UK
| | - F Brun
- Institute for Research on the Fundamental Laws of the Universe, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette F-91191, France
| | - B Bruno
- Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen D-91058, Germany
| | - T Bulik
- Astronomical Observatory, The University of Warsaw, Warsaw 00-478, Poland
| | | | - S Caroff
- Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules, Centre national de la recherche scientifique, Institut national de physique nucléaire et de physique des particules, Université Savoie Mont Blanc, Annecy 74000, France
| | - S Casanova
- Instytut Fizyki J[Formula: see text]drowej, Polska Akademia Nauk, Kraków 31-342, Poland
| | - R Cecil
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg D-22761, Germany
| | - J Celic
- Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen D-91058, Germany
| | - M Cerruti
- Laboratoire Astroparticule et Cosmologie, Université de Paris, Centre national de la recherche scientifique, Paris F-75013, France
| | - T Chand
- Centre for Space Research, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - S Chandra
- Centre for Space Research, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - A Chen
- School of Physics, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa
| | - J Chibueze
- Centre for Space Research, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - O Chibueze
- Centre for Space Research, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - G Cotter
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RH, UK
| | - S Dai
- School of Science, Western Sydney University, Penrith NSW 2751, Australia
| | | | - A Djannati-Ataï
- Laboratoire Astroparticule et Cosmologie, Université de Paris, Centre national de la recherche scientifique, Paris F-75013, France
| | - A Dmytriiev
- Centre for Space Research, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - V Doroshenko
- Institut für Astronomie und Astrophysik, Universität Tübingen, Tübingen D-72076, Germany
| | - K Egberts
- Institut für Physik und Astronomie, Universität Potsdam, Potsdam 14476, Germany
| | - S Einecke
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia
| | - J-P Ernenwein
- Centre de Physique des Particules de Marseille, Aix Marseille Université, Centre national de la recherche scientifique, Institut national de physique nucléaire et de physique des particules, Marseille 13288, France
| | - M Filipovic
- School of Science, Western Sydney University, Penrith NSW 2751, Australia
| | - G Fontaine
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, École Polytechnique, Centre national de la recherche scientifique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, Palaiseau F-91128, France
| | - M Füßling
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, Zeuthen D-15738, Germany
| | - S Funk
- Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen D-91058, Germany
| | - S Gabici
- Laboratoire Astroparticule et Cosmologie, Université de Paris, Centre national de la recherche scientifique, Paris F-75013, France
| | - S Ghafourizadeh
- Landessternwarte, Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg D-69117, Germany
| | - G Giavitto
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, Zeuthen D-15738, Germany
| | - D Glawion
- Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen D-91058, Germany
| | - J-F Glicenstein
- Institute for Research on the Fundamental Laws of the Universe, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette F-91191, France
| | - G Grolleron
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Diderot, Université Paris Cité, Institut national de physique nucléaire et de physique des particules, Centre national de la recherche scientifique, Paris F-75252, France
| | - L Haerer
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Heidelberg D-69117, Germany
| | - J A Hinton
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Heidelberg D-69117, Germany
| | - W Hofmann
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Heidelberg D-69117, Germany
| | - T L Holch
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, Zeuthen D-15738, Germany
| | - M Holler
- Institut für Astro- und Teilchenphysik, Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck, Innsbruck A-6020, Austria
| | - D Horns
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Heidelberg D-69117, Germany
| | - M Jamrozy
- Obserwatorium Astronomiczne, Uniwersytet Jagielloński, Kraków 30-244, Poland
| | - F Jankowsky
- Landessternwarte, Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg D-69117, Germany
| | - A Jardin-Blicq
- Laboratoir de de Physique des deux Infinis, Université Bordeaux, CNRS, Gradignan F-33170, France
| | - V Joshi
- Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen D-91058, Germany
| | - I Jung-Richardt
- Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen D-91058, Germany
| | - E Kasai
- Department of Physics, University of Namibia, Windhoek 10005, Namibia
| | - K Katarzyński
- Institute of Astronomy, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Torun 87-100, Poland
| | - R Khatoon
- Centre for Space Research, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - B Khélifi
- Laboratoire Astroparticule et Cosmologie, Université de Paris, Centre national de la recherche scientifique, Paris F-75013, France
| | - S Klepser
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, Zeuthen D-15738, Germany
| | - W Kluźniak
- Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw 00-716, Poland
| | - Nu Komin
- School of Physics, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa
| | - K Kosack
- Institute for Research on the Fundamental Laws of the Universe, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette F-91191, France
| | - D Kostunin
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, Zeuthen D-15738, Germany
| | - A Kundu
- Centre for Space Research, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - R G Lang
- Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen D-91058, Germany
| | - S Le Stum
- Centre de Physique des Particules de Marseille, Aix Marseille Université, Centre national de la recherche scientifique, Institut national de physique nucléaire et de physique des particules, Marseille 13288, France
| | - F Leitl
- Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen D-91058, Germany
| | - A Lemière
- Laboratoire Astroparticule et Cosmologie, Université de Paris, Centre national de la recherche scientifique, Paris F-75013, France
| | - J-P Lenain
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Diderot, Université Paris Cité, Institut national de physique nucléaire et de physique des particules, Centre national de la recherche scientifique, Paris F-75252, France
| | - F Leuschner
- Institut für Astronomie und Astrophysik, Universität Tübingen, Tübingen D-72076, Germany
| | - T Lohse
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin D-12489, Germany
| | - A Luashvili
- Laboratoire Univers et Théories, Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris Sciences et Lettres, CNRS, Université de Paris, Meudon 92190, France
| | - I Lypova
- Landessternwarte, Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg D-69117, Germany
| | - J Mackey
- Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, Dublin D02 XF86, Ireland
| | - D Malyshev
- Institut für Astronomie und Astrophysik, Universität Tübingen, Tübingen D-72076, Germany
| | - D Malyshev
- Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen D-91058, Germany
| | - V Marandon
- Institute for Research on the Fundamental Laws of the Universe, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette F-91191, France
| | - P Marchegiani
- School of Physics, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa
| | - A Marcowith
- Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier, Université Montpellier, Centre national de la recherche scientifique, Institut national de physique nucléaire et de physique des particules, Montpellier F-34095, France
| | - G Martí-Devesa
- Institut für Astro- und Teilchenphysik, Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck, Innsbruck A-6020, Austria
| | - R Marx
- Landessternwarte, Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg D-69117, Germany
| | - A Mehta
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, Zeuthen D-15738, Germany
| | - A Mitchell
- Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen D-91058, Germany
| | - R Moderski
- Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw 00-716, Poland
| | - L Mohrmann
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Heidelberg D-69117, Germany
| | - A Montanari
- Landessternwarte, Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg D-69117, Germany
| | - E Moulin
- Institute for Research on the Fundamental Laws of the Universe, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette F-91191, France
| | - T Murach
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, Zeuthen D-15738, Germany
| | - K Nakashima
- Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen D-91058, Germany
| | - M de Naurois
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, École Polytechnique, Centre national de la recherche scientifique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, Palaiseau F-91128, France
| | - J Niemiec
- Instytut Fizyki J[Formula: see text]drowej, Polska Akademia Nauk, Kraków 31-342, Poland
| | - A Priyana Noel
- Obserwatorium Astronomiczne, Uniwersytet Jagielloński, Kraków 30-244, Poland
| | - S Ohm
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, Zeuthen D-15738, Germany
| | - L Olivera-Nieto
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Heidelberg D-69117, Germany
| | | | - M Ostrowski
- Obserwatorium Astronomiczne, Uniwersytet Jagielloński, Kraków 30-244, Poland
| | - S Panny
- Institut für Astro- und Teilchenphysik, Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck, Innsbruck A-6020, Austria
| | - M Panter
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Heidelberg D-69117, Germany
| | - R D Parsons
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin D-12489, Germany
| | - G Peron
- Laboratoire Astroparticule et Cosmologie, Université de Paris, Centre national de la recherche scientifique, Paris F-75013, France
| | - D A Prokhorov
- Gravitation and Astroparticle Physics Amsterdam, Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1098 XH, Netherlands
| | - G Pühlhofer
- Institut für Astronomie und Astrophysik, Universität Tübingen, Tübingen D-72076, Germany
| | - M Punch
- Laboratoire Astroparticule et Cosmologie, Université de Paris, Centre national de la recherche scientifique, Paris F-75013, France
| | - A Quirrenbach
- Landessternwarte, Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg D-69117, Germany
| | - P Reichherzer
- Institute for Research on the Fundamental Laws of the Universe, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette F-91191, France
| | - A Reimer
- Institut für Astro- und Teilchenphysik, Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck, Innsbruck A-6020, Austria
| | - O Reimer
- Institut für Astro- und Teilchenphysik, Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck, Innsbruck A-6020, Austria
| | - H Ren
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Heidelberg D-69117, Germany
| | - M Renaud
- Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier, Université Montpellier, Centre national de la recherche scientifique, Institut national de physique nucléaire et de physique des particules, Montpellier F-34095, France
| | - B Reville
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Heidelberg D-69117, Germany
| | - F Rieger
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Heidelberg D-69117, Germany
| | - G Rowell
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia
| | - B Rudak
- Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw 00-716, Poland
| | - H Rueda Ricarte
- Institute for Research on the Fundamental Laws of the Universe, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette F-91191, France
| | - E Ruiz-Velasco
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Heidelberg D-69117, Germany
| | - V Sahakian
- Yerevan Physics Institute, Yerevan 375036, Armenia
| | - H Salzmann
- Institut für Astronomie und Astrophysik, Universität Tübingen, Tübingen D-72076, Germany
| | - A Santangelo
- Institut für Astronomie und Astrophysik, Universität Tübingen, Tübingen D-72076, Germany
| | - M Sasaki
- Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen D-91058, Germany
| | - J Schäfer
- Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen D-91058, Germany
| | - F Schüssler
- Institute for Research on the Fundamental Laws of the Universe, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette F-91191, France
| | - U Schwanke
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin D-12489, Germany
| | - J N S Shapopi
- Department of Physics, University of Namibia, Windhoek 10005, Namibia
| | - H Sol
- Laboratoire Univers et Théories, Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris Sciences et Lettres, CNRS, Université de Paris, Meudon 92190, France
| | - A Specovius
- Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen D-91058, Germany
| | - S Spencer
- Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen D-91058, Germany
| | - L Stawarz
- Obserwatorium Astronomiczne, Uniwersytet Jagielloński, Kraków 30-244, Poland
| | - R Steenkamp
- Department of Physics, University of Namibia, Windhoek 10005, Namibia
| | - S Steinmassl
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Heidelberg D-69117, Germany
| | - C Steppa
- Institut für Physik und Astronomie, Universität Potsdam, Potsdam 14476, Germany
| | - K Streil
- Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen D-91058, Germany
| | - I Sushch
- Centre for Space Research, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - H Suzuki
- Department of Physics, Konan University, Higashinada-ku Kobe 658-8501, Japan, Japan
| | - T Takahashi
- Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe, The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa Chiba 277-8583, Japan
| | - T Tanaka
- Department of Physics, Konan University, Higashinada-ku Kobe 658-8501, Japan, Japan
| | - A M Taylor
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, Zeuthen D-15738, Germany
| | - R Terrier
- Laboratoire Astroparticule et Cosmologie, Université de Paris, Centre national de la recherche scientifique, Paris F-75013, France
| | - M Tsirou
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, Zeuthen D-15738, Germany
| | - N Tsuji
- The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research (RIKEN), Wako Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - T Unbehaun
- Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen D-91058, Germany
| | - C van Eldik
- Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen D-91058, Germany
| | - M Vecchi
- Kapteyn Astronomical Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen 9747 AD, Netherlands
| | - J Veh
- Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen D-91058, Germany
| | - C Venter
- Centre for Space Research, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - J Vink
- Gravitation and Astroparticle Physics Amsterdam, Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1098 XH, Netherlands
| | - T Wach
- Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen D-91058, Germany
| | - S J Wagner
- Landessternwarte, Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg D-69117, Germany
| | - F Werner
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Heidelberg D-69117, Germany
| | - R White
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Heidelberg D-69117, Germany
| | - A Wierzcholska
- Instytut Fizyki J[Formula: see text]drowej, Polska Akademia Nauk, Kraków 31-342, Poland
| | - Yu Wun Wong
- Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen D-91058, Germany
| | - M Zacharias
- Landessternwarte, Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg D-69117, Germany
- Centre for Space Research, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - D Zargaryan
- Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, Dublin D02 XF86, Ireland
| | - A A Zdziarski
- Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw 00-716, Poland
| | - A Zech
- Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, Dublin D02 XF86, Ireland
- Kapteyn Astronomical Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen 9747 AD, Netherlands
| | - S Zouari
- Laboratoire Astroparticule et Cosmologie, Université de Paris, Centre national de la recherche scientifique, Paris F-75013, France
| | - N Żywucka
- Centre for Space Research, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
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Sasaki M, Sugi T, Iida S, Hirata Y, Kusakabe S, Konishi K, Itakura Y, Tabata K, Kishimoto M, Kobayashi H, Ariizumi T, Intaruck K, Nobori H, Toba S, Sato A, Matsuno K, Yamagishi J, Suzuki T, Hall WW, Orba Y, Sawa H. Combination therapy with oral antiviral and anti-inflammatory drugs improves the efficacy of delayed treatment in a COVID-19 hamster model. EBioMedicine 2024; 99:104950. [PMID: 38159532 PMCID: PMC10792455 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2023.104950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pulmonary infection with SARS-CoV-2 stimulates host immune responses and can also result in the progression of dysregulated and critical inflammation. Throughout the pandemic, the management and treatment of COVID-19 has been continuously updated with a range of antiviral drugs and immunomodulators. Monotherapy with oral antivirals has proven to be effective in the treatment of COVID-19. However, treatment should be initiated in the early stages of infection to ensure beneficial therapeutic outcomes, and there is still room for further consideration on therapeutic strategies using antivirals. METHODS We studied the therapeutic effects of monotherapy with the oral antiviral ensitrelvir or the anti-inflammatory corticosteroid methylprednisolone and combination therapy with ensitrelvir and methylprednisolone in a delayed dosing model of hamsters infected with SARS-CoV-2. FINDINGS Combination therapy with ensitrelvir and methylprednisolone improved respiratory conditions and reduced the development of pneumonia in hamsters even when the treatment was started after 2 days post-infection. The combination therapy led to a differential histological and transcriptomic pattern in comparison to either of the monotherapies, with reduced lung damage and down-regulation of expression of genes involved in the inflammatory response. Furthermore, we found that the combination treatment is effective in case of infection with either the highly pathogenic delta or circulating omicron variants. INTERPRETATION Our results demonstrate the advantage of combination therapy with antiviral and corticosteroid drugs in COVID-19 treatment from the perspective of lung pathology and host inflammatory responses. FUNDING Funding bodies are described in the Acknowledgments section.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michihito Sasaki
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; Institute for Vaccine Research and Development (HU-IVReD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
| | - Tatsuki Sugi
- Division of Collaboration and Education, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; International Collaboration Unit, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Shun Iida
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Hirata
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinji Kusakabe
- Division of Anti-Virus Drug Research, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; Drug Discovery & Disease Research Laboratory, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan
| | - Kei Konishi
- Division of Anti-Virus Drug Research, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; Drug Discovery & Disease Research Laboratory, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan
| | - Yukari Itakura
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; Institute for Vaccine Research and Development (HU-IVReD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Koshiro Tabata
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; Institute for Vaccine Research and Development (HU-IVReD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Mai Kishimoto
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hiroko Kobayashi
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takuma Ariizumi
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kittiya Intaruck
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Haruaki Nobori
- Drug Discovery & Disease Research Laboratory, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Toba
- Division of Anti-Virus Drug Research, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; Drug Discovery & Disease Research Laboratory, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan
| | - Akihiko Sato
- Institute for Vaccine Research and Development (HU-IVReD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; Division of Anti-Virus Drug Research, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; Drug Discovery & Disease Research Laboratory, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan
| | - Keita Matsuno
- International Collaboration Unit, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; Division of Risk Analysis and Management, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; One Health Research Center, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Junya Yamagishi
- Division of Collaboration and Education, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; International Collaboration Unit, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; One Health Research Center, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tadaki Suzuki
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - William W Hall
- Institute for Vaccine Research and Development (HU-IVReD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; International Collaboration Unit, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; National Virus Reference Laboratory, School of Medicine, University College of Dublin, Ireland; Global Virus Network, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Yasuko Orba
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; Institute for Vaccine Research and Development (HU-IVReD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; International Collaboration Unit, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; Division of Anti-Virus Drug Research, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; One Health Research Center, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Sawa
- Institute for Vaccine Research and Development (HU-IVReD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; International Collaboration Unit, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; Division of Anti-Virus Drug Research, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; One Health Research Center, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; Global Virus Network, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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8
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Tabata K, Itakura Y, Ariizumi T, Igarashi M, Kobayashi H, Intaruck K, Kishimoto M, Kobayashi S, Hall WW, Sasaki M, Sawa H, Orba Y. Development of flavivirus subviral particles with low cross-reactivity by mutations of a distinct antigenic domain. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 107:7515-7529. [PMID: 37831184 PMCID: PMC10656323 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12817-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
The most conserved fusion loop (FL) domain present in the flavivirus envelope protein has been reported as a dominant epitope for cross-reactive antibodies to mosquito-borne flaviviruses (MBFVs). As a result, establishing accurate serodiagnosis for MBFV infections has been difficult as anti-FL antibodies are induced by both natural infection and following vaccination. In this study, we modified the most conserved FL domain to overcome this cross-reactivity. We showed that the FL domain of lineage I insect-specific flavivirus (ISFV) has differences in antigenicity from those of MBFVs and lineage II ISFV and determined the key amino acid residues (G106, L107, or F108), which contribute to the antigenic difference. These mutations were subsequently introduced into subviral particles (SVPs) of dengue virus type 2 (DENV2), Zika virus (ZIKV), Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), and West Nile virus (WNV). In indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs), these SVP mutants when used as antigens reduced the binding of cross-reactive IgG and total Ig induced by infection of ZIKV, JEV, and WNV in mice and enabled the sensitive detection of virus-specific antibodies. Furthermore, immunization of ZIKV or JEV SVP mutants provoked the production of antibodies with lower cross-reactivity to heterologous MBFV antigens compared to immunization with the wild-type SVPs in mice. This study highlights the effectiveness of introducing mutations in the FL domain in MBFV SVPs with lineage I ISFV-derived amino acids to produce SVP antigens with low cross-reactivity and demonstrates an improvement in the accuracy of indirect ELISA-based serodiagnosis for MBFV infections. KEY POINTS: • The FL domain of Lineage I ISFV has a different antigenicity from that of MBFVs. • Mutated SVPs reduce the binding of cross-reactive antibodies in indirect ELISAs. • Inoculation of mutated SVPs induces antibodies with low cross-reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koshiro Tabata
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 001-0020, Japan
- Institute for Vaccine Research and Development, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 001-0021, Japan
| | - Yukari Itakura
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 001-0020, Japan
- Institute for Vaccine Research and Development, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 001-0021, Japan
| | - Takuma Ariizumi
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 001-0020, Japan
| | - Manabu Igarashi
- Division of Global Epidemiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 001-0020, Japan
- International Collaboration Unit, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, N20, W10001-0020, Japan
| | - Hiroko Kobayashi
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 001-0020, Japan
| | - Kittiya Intaruck
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 001-0020, Japan
| | - Mai Kishimoto
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 001-0020, Japan
- Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, Osaka Metropolitan University, Izumisano, 598-8531, Japan
| | - Shintaro Kobayashi
- Laboratory of Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060‑0818, Japan
| | - William W Hall
- International Collaboration Unit, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, N20, W10001-0020, Japan
- Global Virus Network, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
- National Virus Reference Laboratory, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, 4, Ireland
| | - Michihito Sasaki
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 001-0020, Japan
- Institute for Vaccine Research and Development, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 001-0021, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Sawa
- Institute for Vaccine Research and Development, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 001-0021, Japan
- International Collaboration Unit, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, N20, W10001-0020, Japan
- Global Virus Network, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
- One Health Research Center, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 001-0020, Japan
| | - Yasuko Orba
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 001-0020, Japan.
- Institute for Vaccine Research and Development, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 001-0021, Japan.
- International Collaboration Unit, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, N20, W10001-0020, Japan.
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9
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Adriani O, Akaike Y, Asano K, Asaoka Y, Berti E, Bigongiari G, Binns WR, Bongi M, Brogi P, Bruno A, Buckley JH, Cannady N, Castellini G, Checchia C, Cherry ML, Collazuol G, de Nolfo GA, Ebisawa K, Ficklin AW, Fuke H, Gonzi S, Guzik TG, Hams T, Hibino K, Ichimura M, Ioka K, Ishizaki W, Israel MH, Kasahara K, Kataoka J, Kataoka R, Katayose Y, Kato C, Kawanaka N, Kawakubo Y, Kobayashi K, Kohri K, Krawczynski HS, Krizmanic JF, Maestro P, Marrocchesi PS, Messineo AM, Mitchell JW, Miyake S, Moiseev AA, Mori M, Mori N, Motz HM, Munakata K, Nakahira S, Nishimura J, Okuno S, Ormes JF, Ozawa S, Pacini L, Papini P, Rauch BF, Ricciarini SB, Sakai K, Sakamoto T, Sasaki M, Shimizu Y, Shiomi A, Spillantini P, Stolzi F, Sugita S, Sulaj A, Takita M, Tamura T, Terasawa T, Torii S, Tsunesada Y, Uchihori Y, Vannuccini E, Wefel JP, Yamaoka K, Yanagita S, Yoshida A, Yoshida K, Zober WV. Direct Measurement of the Spectral Structure of Cosmic-Ray Electrons+Positrons in the TeV Region with CALET on the International Space Station. Phys Rev Lett 2023; 131:191001. [PMID: 38000434 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.191001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Detailed measurements of the spectral structure of cosmic-ray electrons and positrons from 10.6 GeV to 7.5 TeV are presented from over 7 years of observations with the CALorimetric Electron Telescope (CALET) on the International Space Station. The instrument, consisting of a charge detector, an imaging calorimeter, and a total absorption calorimeter with a total depth of 30 radiation lengths at normal incidence and a fine shower imaging capability, is optimized to measure the all-electron spectrum well into the TeV region. Because of the excellent energy resolution (a few percent above 10 GeV) and the outstanding e/p separation (10^{5}), CALET provides optimal performance for a detailed search of structures in the energy spectrum. The analysis uses data up to the end of 2022, and the statistics of observed electron candidates has increased more than 3 times since the last publication in 2018. By adopting an updated boosted decision tree analysis, a sufficient proton rejection power up to 7.5 TeV is achieved, with a residual proton contamination less than 10%. The observed energy spectrum becomes gradually harder in the lower energy region from around 30 GeV, consistently with AMS-02, but from 300 to 600 GeV it is considerably softer than the spectra measured by DAMPE and Fermi-LAT. At high energies, the spectrum presents a sharp break around 1 TeV, with a spectral index change from -3.15 to -3.91, and a broken power law fitting the data in the energy range from 30 GeV to 4.8 TeV better than a single power law with 6.9 sigma significance, which is compatible with the DAMPE results. The break is consistent with the expected effects of radiation loss during the propagation from distant sources (except the highest energy bin). We have fitted the spectrum with a model consistent with the positron flux measured by AMS-02 below 1 TeV and interpreted the electron+positron spectrum with possible contributions from pulsars and nearby sources. Above 4.8 TeV, a possible contribution from known nearby supernova remnants, including Vela, is addressed by an event-by-event analysis providing a higher proton-rejection power than a purely statistical analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Adriani
- Department of Physics, University of Florence, Via Sansone, 1-50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- INFN Sezione di Florence, Via Sansone, 1-50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Y Akaike
- Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 17 Kikuicho, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-0044, Japan
- JEM Utilization Center, Human Spaceflight Technology Directorate, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, 2-1-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8505, Japan
| | - K Asano
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwa-no-Ha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8582, Japan
| | - Y Asaoka
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwa-no-Ha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8582, Japan
| | - E Berti
- INFN Sezione di Florence, Via Sansone, 1-50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- Institute of Applied Physics (IFAC), National Research Council (CNR), Via Madonna del Piano, 10, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - G Bigongiari
- Department of Physical Sciences, Earth and Environment, University of Siena, via Roma 56, 53100 Siena, Italy
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, Polo Fibonacci, Largo B. Pontecorvo, 3-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - W R Binns
- Department of Physics and McDonnell Center for the Space Sciences, Washington University, One Brookings Drive, St. Louis, Missouri 63130-4899, USA
| | - M Bongi
- Department of Physics, University of Florence, Via Sansone, 1-50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- INFN Sezione di Florence, Via Sansone, 1-50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - P Brogi
- Department of Physical Sciences, Earth and Environment, University of Siena, via Roma 56, 53100 Siena, Italy
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, Polo Fibonacci, Largo B. Pontecorvo, 3-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - A Bruno
- Heliospheric Physics Laboratory, NASA/GSFC, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
| | - J H Buckley
- Department of Physics and McDonnell Center for the Space Sciences, Washington University, One Brookings Drive, St. Louis, Missouri 63130-4899, USA
| | - N Cannady
- Center for Space Sciences and Technology, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, Maryland 21250, USA
- Astroparticle Physics Laboratory, NASA/GSFC, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
- Center for Research and Exploration in Space Sciences and Technology, NASA/GSFC, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
| | - G Castellini
- Institute of Applied Physics (IFAC), National Research Council (CNR), Via Madonna del Piano, 10, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - C Checchia
- Department of Physical Sciences, Earth and Environment, University of Siena, via Roma 56, 53100 Siena, Italy
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, Polo Fibonacci, Largo B. Pontecorvo, 3-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - M L Cherry
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Louisiana State University, 202 Nicholson Hall, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
| | - G Collazuol
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Padova, Via Marzolo, 8, 35131 Padova, Italy
- INFN Sezione di Padova, Via Marzolo, 8, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - G A de Nolfo
- Heliospheric Physics Laboratory, NASA/GSFC, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
| | - K Ebisawa
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Chuo, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5210, Japan
| | - A W Ficklin
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Louisiana State University, 202 Nicholson Hall, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
| | - H Fuke
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Chuo, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5210, Japan
| | - S Gonzi
- Department of Physics, University of Florence, Via Sansone, 1-50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- INFN Sezione di Florence, Via Sansone, 1-50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- Institute of Applied Physics (IFAC), National Research Council (CNR), Via Madonna del Piano, 10, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - T G Guzik
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Louisiana State University, 202 Nicholson Hall, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
| | - T Hams
- Center for Space Sciences and Technology, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, Maryland 21250, USA
| | - K Hibino
- Kanagawa University, 3-27-1 Rokkakubashi, Kanagawa, Yokohama, Kanagawa 221-8686, Japan
| | - M Ichimura
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Hirosaki University, 3, Bunkyo, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8561, Japan
| | - K Ioka
- Yukawa Institute for Theoretical Physics, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - W Ishizaki
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwa-no-Ha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8582, Japan
| | - M H Israel
- Department of Physics and McDonnell Center for the Space Sciences, Washington University, One Brookings Drive, St. Louis, Missouri 63130-4899, USA
| | - K Kasahara
- Department of Electronic Information Systems, Shibaura Institute of Technology, 307 Fukasaku, Minuma, Saitama 337-8570, Japan
| | - J Kataoka
- School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| | - R Kataoka
- National Institute of Polar Research, 10-3, Midori-cho, Tachikawa, Tokyo 190-8518, Japan
| | - Y Katayose
- Faculty of Engineering, Division of Intelligent Systems Engineering, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan
| | - C Kato
- Faculty of Science, Shinshu University, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621, Japan
| | - N Kawanaka
- Yukawa Institute for Theoretical Physics, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Y Kawakubo
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Louisiana State University, 202 Nicholson Hall, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
| | - K Kobayashi
- Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 17 Kikuicho, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-0044, Japan
- JEM Utilization Center, Human Spaceflight Technology Directorate, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, 2-1-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8505, Japan
| | - K Kohri
- Institute of Particle and Nuclear Studies, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, 1-1 Oho, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0801, Japan
| | - H S Krawczynski
- Department of Physics and McDonnell Center for the Space Sciences, Washington University, One Brookings Drive, St. Louis, Missouri 63130-4899, USA
| | - J F Krizmanic
- Astroparticle Physics Laboratory, NASA/GSFC, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
| | - P Maestro
- Department of Physical Sciences, Earth and Environment, University of Siena, via Roma 56, 53100 Siena, Italy
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, Polo Fibonacci, Largo B. Pontecorvo, 3-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - P S Marrocchesi
- Department of Physical Sciences, Earth and Environment, University of Siena, via Roma 56, 53100 Siena, Italy
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, Polo Fibonacci, Largo B. Pontecorvo, 3-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - A M Messineo
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, Polo Fibonacci, Largo B. Pontecorvo, 3-56127 Pisa, Italy
- University of Pisa, Polo Fibonacci, Largo B. Pontecorvo, 3-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - J W Mitchell
- Astroparticle Physics Laboratory, NASA/GSFC, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
| | - S Miyake
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Systems Engineering, National Institute of Technology (KOSEN), Ibaraki College, 866 Nakane, Hitachinaka, Ibaraki 312-8508, Japan
| | - A A Moiseev
- Astroparticle Physics Laboratory, NASA/GSFC, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
- Center for Research and Exploration in Space Sciences and Technology, NASA/GSFC, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
- Department of Astronomy, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - M Mori
- Department of Physical Sciences, College of Science and Engineering, Ritsumeikan University, Shiga 525-8577, Japan
| | - N Mori
- INFN Sezione di Florence, Via Sansone, 1-50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - H M Motz
- Kanagawa University, 3-27-1 Rokkakubashi, Kanagawa, Yokohama, Kanagawa 221-8686, Japan
| | - K Munakata
- Faculty of Science, Shinshu University, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621, Japan
| | - S Nakahira
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Chuo, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5210, Japan
| | - J Nishimura
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Chuo, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5210, Japan
| | - S Okuno
- Kanagawa University, 3-27-1 Rokkakubashi, Kanagawa, Yokohama, Kanagawa 221-8686, Japan
| | - J F Ormes
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Denver, Physics Building, Room 211, 2112 East Wesley Avenue, Denver, Colorado 80208-6900, USA
| | - S Ozawa
- Quantum ICT Advanced Development Center, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, 4-2-1 Nukui-Kitamachi, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8795, Japan
| | - L Pacini
- INFN Sezione di Florence, Via Sansone, 1-50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- Institute of Applied Physics (IFAC), National Research Council (CNR), Via Madonna del Piano, 10, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - P Papini
- INFN Sezione di Florence, Via Sansone, 1-50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - B F Rauch
- Department of Physics and McDonnell Center for the Space Sciences, Washington University, One Brookings Drive, St. Louis, Missouri 63130-4899, USA
| | - S B Ricciarini
- INFN Sezione di Florence, Via Sansone, 1-50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- Institute of Applied Physics (IFAC), National Research Council (CNR), Via Madonna del Piano, 10, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - K Sakai
- Center for Space Sciences and Technology, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, Maryland 21250, USA
- Astroparticle Physics Laboratory, NASA/GSFC, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
- Center for Research and Exploration in Space Sciences and Technology, NASA/GSFC, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
| | - T Sakamoto
- College of Science and Engineering, Department of Physics and Mathematics, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Chuo, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
| | - M Sasaki
- Astroparticle Physics Laboratory, NASA/GSFC, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
- Center for Research and Exploration in Space Sciences and Technology, NASA/GSFC, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
- Department of Astronomy, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Y Shimizu
- Kanagawa University, 3-27-1 Rokkakubashi, Kanagawa, Yokohama, Kanagawa 221-8686, Japan
| | - A Shiomi
- College of Industrial Technology, Nihon University, 1-2-1 Izumi, Narashino, Chiba 275-8575, Japan
| | - P Spillantini
- Department of Physics, University of Florence, Via Sansone, 1-50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - F Stolzi
- Department of Physical Sciences, Earth and Environment, University of Siena, via Roma 56, 53100 Siena, Italy
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, Polo Fibonacci, Largo B. Pontecorvo, 3-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - S Sugita
- College of Science and Engineering, Department of Physics and Mathematics, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Chuo, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
| | - A Sulaj
- Department of Physical Sciences, Earth and Environment, University of Siena, via Roma 56, 53100 Siena, Italy
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, Polo Fibonacci, Largo B. Pontecorvo, 3-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - M Takita
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwa-no-Ha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8582, Japan
| | - T Tamura
- Kanagawa University, 3-27-1 Rokkakubashi, Kanagawa, Yokohama, Kanagawa 221-8686, Japan
| | - T Terasawa
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwa-no-Ha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8582, Japan
| | - S Torii
- Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 17 Kikuicho, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-0044, Japan
| | - Y Tsunesada
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
- Nambu Yoichiro Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics, Osaka Metropolitan University, Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - Y Uchihori
- National Institutes for Quantum and Radiation Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - E Vannuccini
- INFN Sezione di Florence, Via Sansone, 1-50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - J P Wefel
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Louisiana State University, 202 Nicholson Hall, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
| | - K Yamaoka
- Nagoya University, Furo, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - S Yanagita
- College of Science, Ibaraki University, 2-1-1 Bunkyo, Mito, Ibaraki 310-8512, Japan
| | - A Yoshida
- College of Science and Engineering, Department of Physics and Mathematics, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Chuo, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
| | - K Yoshida
- Department of Electronic Information Systems, Shibaura Institute of Technology, 307 Fukasaku, Minuma, Saitama 337-8570, Japan
| | - W V Zober
- Department of Physics and McDonnell Center for the Space Sciences, Washington University, One Brookings Drive, St. Louis, Missouri 63130-4899, USA
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10
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Orba Y, Abu YE, Chambaro HM, Lundu T, Muleya W, Eshita Y, Qiu Y, Harima H, Kajihara M, Mori-Kajihara A, Matsuno K, Sasaki M, Hall WW, Hang'ombe BM, Sawa H. Expanding diversity of bunyaviruses identified in mosquitoes. Sci Rep 2023; 13:18165. [PMID: 37875565 PMCID: PMC10598057 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-45443-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Mosquitoes interact with various organisms in the environment, and female mosquitoes in particular serve as vectors that directly transmit a number of microorganisms to humans and animals by blood-sucking. Comprehensive analysis of mosquito-borne viruses has led to the understanding of the existence of diverse viral species and to the identification of zoonotic arboviruses responsible for significant outbreaks and epidemics. In the present study on mosquito-borne bunyaviruses we employed a broad-spectrum RT-PCR approach and identified eighteen different additional species in the Phenuiviridae family and also a number of related but unclassified bunyaviruses in mosquitoes collected in Zambia. The entire RNA genome segments of the newly identified viruses were further analyzed by RNA sequencing with a ribonuclease R (RNase R) treatment to reduce host-derived RNAs and enrich viral RNAs, taking advantage of the dsRNA panhandle structure of the bunyavirus genome. All three or four genome segments were identified in eight bunyavirus species. Furthermore, L segments of three different novel viruses related to the Leishbunyaviridae were found in mosquitoes together with genes from the suspected host, the Crithidia parasite. In summary, our virus detection approach using a combination of broad-spectrum RT-PCR and RNA sequencing analysis with a simple virus enrichment method allowed the discovery of novel bunyaviruses. The diversity of bunyaviruses is still expanding and studies on this will allow a better understanding of the ecology of hematophagous mosquitoes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuko Orba
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, N20, W10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 001-0020, Japan.
- International Collaboration Unit, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
- Institute for Vaccine Research and Development, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
- One Health Research Center, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
| | - Yusuf Eshimutu Abu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, P.O. Box 32379, 10101, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Herman M Chambaro
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, N20, W10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 001-0020, Japan
- Virology Unit, Central Veterinary Research Institute, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Tapiwa Lundu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, P.O. Box 32379, 10101, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Walter Muleya
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, P.O. Box 32379, 10101, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Yuki Eshita
- Division of Collaboration and Education, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yongjin Qiu
- Division of International Research Promotion, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hayato Harima
- Division of International Research Promotion, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kajihara
- Division of International Research Promotion, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Akina Mori-Kajihara
- Division of Global Epidemiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Keita Matsuno
- International Collaboration Unit, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Institute for Vaccine Research and Development, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- One Health Research Center, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Division of Risk Analysis and Management, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Michihito Sasaki
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, N20, W10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 001-0020, Japan
- Institute for Vaccine Research and Development, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - William W Hall
- International Collaboration Unit, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- National Virus Reference Laboratory, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, 4, Ireland
- Global Virus Network, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Bernard M Hang'ombe
- Department of Para-Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
- Africa Centre of Excellence for Infectious Diseases of Humans and Animals, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Hirofumi Sawa
- International Collaboration Unit, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
- Institute for Vaccine Research and Development, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
- One Health Research Center, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
- National Virus Reference Laboratory, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, 4, Ireland.
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11
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Uemura K, Nobori H, Sato A, Toba S, Kusakabe S, Sasaki M, Tabata K, Matsuno K, Maeda N, Ito S, Tanaka M, Anraku Y, Kita S, Ishii M, Kanamitsu K, Orba Y, Matsuura Y, Hall WW, Sawa H, Kida H, Matsuda A, Maenaka K. 2-thiouridine is a broad-spectrum antiviral nucleoside analogue against positive-strand RNA viruses. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2304139120. [PMID: 37831739 PMCID: PMC10589713 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2304139120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections are causing significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. Furthermore, over 1 million cases of newly emerging or re-emerging viral infections, specifically dengue virus (DENV), are known to occur annually. Because no virus-specific and fully effective treatments against these or many other viruses have been approved, there is an urgent need for novel, effective therapeutic agents. Here, we identified 2-thiouridine (s2U) as a broad-spectrum antiviral ribonucleoside analogue that exhibited antiviral activity against several positive-sense single-stranded RNA (ssRNA+) viruses, such as DENV, SARS-CoV-2, and its variants of concern, including the currently circulating Omicron subvariants. s2U inhibits RNA synthesis catalyzed by viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, thereby reducing viral RNA replication, which improved the survival rate of mice infected with DENV2 or SARS-CoV-2 in our animal models. Our findings demonstrate that s2U is a potential broad-spectrum antiviral agent not only against DENV and SARS-CoV-2 but other ssRNA+ viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Uemura
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo060-0812, Japan
- Drug Discovery and Disease Research Laboratory, Shionogi & Co. Ltd., Osaka561-0825, Japan
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo001-0020, Japan
- Laboratory of Virus Control, Center for Infectious Disease Education and Research, Osaka University, Osaka565-0871, Japan
| | - Haruaki Nobori
- Drug Discovery and Disease Research Laboratory, Shionogi & Co. Ltd., Osaka561-0825, Japan
| | - Akihiko Sato
- Drug Discovery and Disease Research Laboratory, Shionogi & Co. Ltd., Osaka561-0825, Japan
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo001-0020, Japan
- Institute for Vaccine Research and Development, Hokkaido University, Sapporo001-0021, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Toba
- Drug Discovery and Disease Research Laboratory, Shionogi & Co. Ltd., Osaka561-0825, Japan
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo001-0020, Japan
| | - Shinji Kusakabe
- Drug Discovery and Disease Research Laboratory, Shionogi & Co. Ltd., Osaka561-0825, Japan
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo001-0020, Japan
| | - Michihito Sasaki
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo001-0020, Japan
| | - Koshiro Tabata
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo001-0020, Japan
| | - Keita Matsuno
- Unit of Risk Analysis and Management, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo001-0020, Japan
- One Health Research Center, Hokkaido University, Sapporo001-0020, Japan
- International Collaboration Unit, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo001-0020, Japan
| | - Naoyoshi Maeda
- Center for Research and Education on Drug Discovery, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo060-0812, Japan
| | - Shiori Ito
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo060-0812, Japan
| | - Mayu Tanaka
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo060-0812, Japan
| | - Yuki Anraku
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo060-0812, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Kita
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo060-0812, Japan
| | - Mayumi Ishii
- Lead Exploration Unit, Drug Discovery Initiative, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo113-0033, Japan
| | - Kayoko Kanamitsu
- Lead Exploration Unit, Drug Discovery Initiative, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo113-0033, Japan
| | - Yasuko Orba
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo001-0020, Japan
- International Collaboration Unit, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo001-0020, Japan
| | - Yoshiharu Matsuura
- Laboratory of Virus Control, Center for Infectious Disease Education and Research, Osaka University, Osaka565-0871, Japan
| | - William W. Hall
- International Collaboration Unit, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo001-0020, Japan
- National Virus Reference Laboratory, School of Medicine, University College of Dublin, DublinD04, Ireland
- Global Virus Network, Baltimore, MD21201
| | - Hirofumi Sawa
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo001-0020, Japan
- Institute for Vaccine Research and Development, Hokkaido University, Sapporo001-0021, Japan
- One Health Research Center, Hokkaido University, Sapporo001-0020, Japan
- International Collaboration Unit, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo001-0020, Japan
- Global Virus Network, Baltimore, MD21201
| | - Hiroshi Kida
- Laboratory for Biologics Development, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo001-0020, Japan
| | - Akira Matsuda
- Center for Research and Education on Drug Discovery, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo060-0812, Japan
| | - Katsumi Maenaka
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo060-0812, Japan
- Institute for Vaccine Research and Development, Hokkaido University, Sapporo001-0021, Japan
- Center for Research and Education on Drug Discovery, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo060-0812, Japan
- Global Station for Biosurfaces and Drug Discovery, Hokkaido University, Sapporo060-0812, Japan
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12
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Ndebe J, Harima H, Chambaro HM, Sasaki M, Yamagishi J, Kalonda A, Shawa M, Qiu Y, Kajihara M, Takada A, Sawa H, Saasa N, Simulundu E. Prevalence and Genomic Characterization of Rotavirus A from Domestic Pigs in Zambia: Evidence for Possible Porcine-Human Interspecies Transmission. Pathogens 2023; 12:1199. [PMID: 37887715 PMCID: PMC10609906 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12101199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Rotavirus is a major cause of diarrhea globally in animals and young children under 5 years old. Here, molecular detection and genetic characterization of porcine rotavirus in smallholder and commercial pig farms in the Lusaka Province of Zambia were conducted. Screening of 148 stool samples by RT-PCR targeting the VP6 gene revealed a prevalence of 22.9% (34/148). Further testing of VP6-positive samples with VP7-specific primers produced 12 positives, which were then Sanger-sequenced. BLASTn of the VP7 positives showed sequence similarity to porcine and human rotavirus strains with identities ranging from 87.5% to 97.1%. By next-generation sequencing, the full-length genetic constellation of the representative strains RVA/pig-wt/ZMB/LSK0137 and RVA/pig-wt/ZMB/LSK0147 were determined. Genotyping of these strains revealed a known Wa-like genetic backbone, and their genetic constellations were G4-P[6]-I5-R1-C1-M1-A8-N1-T1-E1-H1 and G9-P[13]-I5-R1-C1-M1-A8-N1-T1-E1-H1, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that these two viruses might have their ancestral origin from pigs, though some of their gene segments were related to human strains. The study shows evidence of reassortment and possible interspecies transmission between pigs and humans in Zambia. Therefore, the "One Health" surveillance approach for rotavirus A in animals and humans is recommended to inform the design of effective control measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Ndebe
- Department of Disease Control, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka 10101, Zambia; (A.T.); (H.S.); (N.S.)
| | - Hayato Harima
- Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Saiwai-cho 3-5-8, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan;
| | - Herman Moses Chambaro
- Central Veterinary Research Institute (CVRI), Ministry of Fisheries and Livestock, Lusaka 10101, Zambia;
| | - Michihito Sasaki
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, N20 W10, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan;
| | - Junya Yamagishi
- Division of Collaboration and Education, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, N20 W10, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan;
| | - Annie Kalonda
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of Zambia, Lusaka 10101, Zambia;
| | - Misheck Shawa
- Hokudai Center for Zoonosis Control in Zambia, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka 10101, Zambia; (M.S.); (M.K.)
- Division of International Research Promotion, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, N20 W10, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan
| | - Yongjin Qiu
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Management Department of Biosafety, Laboratory Animal, and Pathogen Bank, Toyama 1-23-1, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
- Department of Virology-I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kajihara
- Hokudai Center for Zoonosis Control in Zambia, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka 10101, Zambia; (M.S.); (M.K.)
- Division of International Research Promotion, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, N20 W10, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan
| | - Ayato Takada
- Department of Disease Control, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka 10101, Zambia; (A.T.); (H.S.); (N.S.)
- Africa Centre of Excellence for Infectious Diseases of Humans and Animals, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka 10101, Zambia
- Division of Global Epidemiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, N20 W10, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan
- One Health Research Center, Hokkaido University, N18 W9, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Sawa
- Department of Disease Control, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka 10101, Zambia; (A.T.); (H.S.); (N.S.)
- Africa Centre of Excellence for Infectious Diseases of Humans and Animals, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka 10101, Zambia
- One Health Research Center, Hokkaido University, N18 W9, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan
- Hokkaido University, Institute for Vaccine Research and Development (HU-IVReD), N21 W11, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan
- Global Virus Network, 725 W Lombard Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Ngonda Saasa
- Department of Disease Control, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka 10101, Zambia; (A.T.); (H.S.); (N.S.)
| | - Edgar Simulundu
- Department of Disease Control, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka 10101, Zambia; (A.T.); (H.S.); (N.S.)
- Macha Research Trust, Choma 20100, Zambia
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13
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Adriani O, Akaike Y, Asano K, Asaoka Y, Berti E, Bigongiari G, Binns WR, Bongi M, Brogi P, Bruno A, Buckley JH, Cannady N, Castellini G, Checchia C, Cherry ML, Collazuol G, de Nolfo GA, Ebisawa K, Ficklin AW, Fuke H, Gonzi S, Guzik TG, Hams T, Hibino K, Ichimura M, Ioka K, Ishizaki W, Israel MH, Kasahara K, Kataoka J, Kataoka R, Katayose Y, Kato C, Kawanaka N, Kawakubo Y, Kobayashi K, Kohri K, Krawczynski HS, Krizmanic JF, Maestro P, Marrocchesi PS, Messineo AM, Mitchell JW, Miyake S, Moiseev AA, Mori M, Mori N, Motz HM, Munakata K, Nakahira S, Nishimura J, Okuno S, Ormes JF, Ozawa S, Pacini L, Papini P, Rauch BF, Ricciarini SB, Sakai K, Sakamoto T, Sasaki M, Shimizu Y, Shiomi A, Spillantini P, Stolzi F, Sugita S, Sulaj A, Takita M, Tamura T, Terasawa T, Torii S, Tsunesada Y, Uchihori Y, Vannuccini E, Wefel JP, Yamaoka K, Yanagita S, Yoshida A, Yoshida K, Zober WV. Erratum: Charge-Sign Dependent Cosmic-Ray Modulation Observed with the Calorimetric Electron Telescope on the International Space Station [Phys. Rev. Lett. 130, 211001 (2023)]. Phys Rev Lett 2023; 131:109902. [PMID: 37739390 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.109902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
This corrects the article DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.130.211001.
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14
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Sato T, Yamaguchi T, Aoki K, Kajiwara C, Kimura S, Maeda T, Yoshizawa S, Sasaki M, Murakami H, Hisatsune J, Sugai M, Ishii Y, Tateda K, Urita Y. Whole-genome sequencing analysis of molecular epidemiology and silent transmissions causing meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus bloodstream infections in a university hospital. J Hosp Infect 2023; 139:141-149. [PMID: 37301229 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2023.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The emergence of novel genomic-type clones, such as community-associated meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and livestock-associated MRSA, and their invasion into hospitals have become major concerns worldwide; however, little information is available regarding the prevalence of MRSA in Japan. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) has been conducted to analyse various pathogens worldwide. Therefore, it is important to establish a genome database of clinical MRSA isolates available in Japan. AIM A molecular epidemiological analysis of MRSA strains isolated from bloodstream-infected patients in a Japanese university hospital was conducted using WGS and single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis. Additionally, through a review of patients' clinical characteristics, the effectiveness of SNP analysis as a tool for detecting silent nosocomial transmission that may be missed by other methods was evaluated in diverse settings and various time points of detection. METHODS Polymerase-chain-reaction-based staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) typing was performed using 135 isolates obtained between 2014 and 2018, and WGS was performed using 88 isolates obtained between 2015 and 2017. FINDINGS SCCmec type II strains, prevalent in 2014, became rare in 2018, whereas the prevalence of SCCmec type IV strains increased from 18.75% to 83.87% of the population, and became the dominant clones. Clonal complex (CC) 5 CC8 and CC1 were detected between 2015 and 2017, with CC1 being dominant. In 88 cases, SNP analyses revealed nosocomial transmissions among 20 patients which involved highly homologous strains. CONCLUSIONS Routine monitoring of MRSA by whole-genome analysis is effective not only for gaining knowledge regarding molecular epidemiology, but also for detecting silent nosocomial transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Sato
- Department of General Medicine and Emergency Care, Toho University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Department of General Medicine and Emergency Care, Toho University Omori Medical Centre, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - T Yamaguchi
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Toho University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - K Aoki
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Toho University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - C Kajiwara
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Toho University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - S Kimura
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Toho University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - T Maeda
- Department of General Medicine and Emergency Care, Toho University Omori Medical Centre, Tokyo, Japan
| | - S Yoshizawa
- Department of Clinical Laboratories, Toho University Omori Medical Centre, Tokyo, Japan
| | - M Sasaki
- Department of Clinical Laboratories, Toho University Omori Medical Centre, Tokyo, Japan
| | - H Murakami
- Department of Clinical Laboratories, Toho University Omori Medical Centre, Tokyo, Japan
| | - J Hisatsune
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - M Sugai
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Y Ishii
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Toho University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - K Tateda
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Toho University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Clinical Laboratories, Toho University Omori Medical Centre, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Y Urita
- Department of General Medicine and Emergency Care, Toho University Omori Medical Centre, Tokyo, Japan
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15
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Izumi F, Miyamoto S, Masatani T, Sasaki M, Kawakami K, Takahashi T, Fujiwara T, Fujii Y, Okajima M, Nishiyama S, Sawa H, Sugiyama M, Ito N. Generation and characterization of a genetically modified live rabies vaccine strain with attenuating mutations in multiple viral proteins and evaluation of its potency in dogs. Vaccine 2023:S0264-410X(23)00779-X. [PMID: 37400284 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.06.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
Live rabies vaccines have advantageous features that can facilitate mass vaccination for dogs, the most important reservoirs/transmitters of rabies. However, some live vaccine strains have problems in their safety, namely, risks from the residual pathogenicity and the pathogenic reversion of live vaccine strains. The reverse genetics system of rabies virus provides a feasible option to improve the safety of a live vaccine strain by, for example, artificially introducing attenuating mutations into multiple viral proteins. It was previously demonstrated in separate studies that introduction of amino acid residues Leu at position 333 in the viral glycoprotein (G333), Ser at G194, and Leu/His at positions 273/394 in the nucleoprotein (N273/394) enhance the safety of a live vaccine strain. In this study, to test our hypothesis that combinational introduction of these residues would significantly increase the safety level of a vaccine strain, we generated a novel live vaccine candidate, ERA-NG2, that is attenuated by mutations at N273/394 and G194/333, and we examined its safety and immunogenicity in mice and dogs. ERA-NG2 did not cause any clinical signs in mice after intracerebral inoculation. After 10 passages in suckling mouse brains, ERA-NG2 retained all of the introduced mutations except the mutation at N394 and the highly attenuated phenotype. These findings indicate that the ERA-NG2 is highly and stably attenuated. After confirming that ERA-NG2 induced a virus-neutralizing antibody (VNA) response and protective immunity in mice, we immunized dogs intramuscularly with a single dose (105-7 focus-forming units) of ERA-NG2 and found that, at all of the tested doses, the strain induced a VNA response in dogs without inducing any clinical signs. These findings demonstrate that ERA-NG2 has a high level of safety and a substantial level of immunogenicity in dogs and thus is a promising live vaccine candidate that can facilitate vaccination in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumiki Izumi
- Joint Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Japan
| | - Shoya Miyamoto
- Laboratory of Zoonotic Diseases, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Tatsunori Masatani
- Joint Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Japan; Laboratory of Zoonotic Diseases, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan; Center for One Medicine Innovative Research (COMIT), Institute for Advanced Study, Gifu University, Japan.
| | - Michihito Sasaki
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; Institute for Vaccine Research and Development (HU-IVReD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kazuo Kawakami
- Advanced Technology Development Center, Kyoritsu Seiyaku Corporation, Japan
| | - Tatsuki Takahashi
- The United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Takuro Fujiwara
- Laboratory of Zoonotic Diseases, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Yuji Fujii
- Joint Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Japan
| | - Misuzu Okajima
- Joint Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Japan
| | - Shoko Nishiyama
- Laboratory of Zoonotic Diseases, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Sawa
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; Institute for Vaccine Research and Development (HU-IVReD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Makoto Sugiyama
- Laboratory of Zoonotic Diseases, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Naoto Ito
- Joint Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Japan; Laboratory of Zoonotic Diseases, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan; Center for One Medicine Innovative Research (COMIT), Institute for Advanced Study, Gifu University, Japan.
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16
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Harima H, Qiu Y, Yamagishi J, Kajihara M, Changula K, Okuya K, Isono M, Yamaguchi T, Ogawa H, Nao N, Sasaki M, Simulundu E, Mweene AS, Sawa H, Ishihara K, Hang'ombe BM, Takada A. Surveillance, Isolation, and Genetic Characterization of Bat Herpesviruses in Zambia. Viruses 2023; 15:1369. [PMID: 37376669 DOI: 10.3390/v15061369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Bats are of significant interest as reservoirs for various zoonotic viruses with high diversity. During the past two decades, many herpesviruses have been identified in various bats worldwide by genetic approaches, whereas there have been few reports on the isolation of infectious herpesviruses. Herein, we report the prevalence of herpesvirus infection of bats captured in Zambia and genetic characterization of novel gammaherpesviruses isolated from striped leaf-nosed bats (Macronycteris vittatus). By our PCR screening, herpesvirus DNA polymerase (DPOL) genes were detected in 29.2% (7/24) of Egyptian fruit bats (Rousettus aegyptiacus), 78.1% (82/105) of Macronycteris vittatus, and one Sundevall's roundleaf bat (Hipposideros caffer) in Zambia. Phylogenetic analyses of the detected partial DPOL genes revealed that the Zambian bat herpesviruses were divided into seven betaherpesvirus groups and five gammaherpesvirus groups. Two infectious strains of a novel gammaherpesvirus, tentatively named Macronycteris gammaherpesvirus 1 (MaGHV1), were successfully isolated from Macronycteris vittatus bats, and their complete genomes were sequenced. The genome of MaGHV1 encoded 79 open reading frames, and phylogenic analyses of the DNA polymerase and glycoprotein B demonstrated that MaGHV1 formed an independent lineage sharing a common origin with other bat-derived gammaherpesviruses. Our findings provide new information regarding the genetic diversity of herpesviruses maintained in African bats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayato Harima
- Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Yongjin Qiu
- Management Department of Biosafety, Laboratory Animal and Pathogen Bank, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
- Department of Virology-I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Junya Yamagishi
- Division of Collaboration and Education, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan
- International Collaboration Unit, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kajihara
- Division of International Research Promotion, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan
| | - Katendi Changula
- Department of Para-Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Zambia, P.O. Box 32379, Lusaka 10101, Zambia
| | - Kosuke Okuya
- Department of Pathogenetic and Preventive Veterinary Science, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| | - Mao Isono
- Division of Global Epidemiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Yamaguchi
- Department of Oral Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Hirohito Ogawa
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Naganori Nao
- Division of International Research Promotion, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan
- One Health Research Center, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan
| | - Michihito Sasaki
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan
| | - Edgar Simulundu
- Department of Disease Control, School of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Zambia, P.O. Box 32379, Lusaka 10101, Zambia
- Macha Research Trust, Choma 20100, Zambia
| | - Aaron S Mweene
- Department of Disease Control, School of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Zambia, P.O. Box 32379, Lusaka 10101, Zambia
- Africa Center of Excellence for Infectious Diseases of Humans and Animals, The University of Zambia, P.O. Box 32379, Lusaka 10101, Zambia
| | - Hirofumi Sawa
- One Health Research Center, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan
- Department of Disease Control, School of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Zambia, P.O. Box 32379, Lusaka 10101, Zambia
- Africa Center of Excellence for Infectious Diseases of Humans and Animals, The University of Zambia, P.O. Box 32379, Lusaka 10101, Zambia
- Institute for Vaccine Research and Development, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
| | - Kanako Ishihara
- Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Bernard M Hang'ombe
- Department of Para-Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Zambia, P.O. Box 32379, Lusaka 10101, Zambia
- Africa Center of Excellence for Infectious Diseases of Humans and Animals, The University of Zambia, P.O. Box 32379, Lusaka 10101, Zambia
| | - Ayato Takada
- International Collaboration Unit, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan
- Division of Global Epidemiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan
- One Health Research Center, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan
- Department of Disease Control, School of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Zambia, P.O. Box 32379, Lusaka 10101, Zambia
- Africa Center of Excellence for Infectious Diseases of Humans and Animals, The University of Zambia, P.O. Box 32379, Lusaka 10101, Zambia
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17
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Adriani O, Akaike Y, Asano K, Asaoka Y, Berti E, Bigongiari G, Binns WR, Bongi M, Brogi P, Bruno A, Buckley JH, Cannady N, Castellini G, Checchia C, Cherry ML, Collazuol G, de Nolfo GA, Ebisawa K, Ficklin AW, Fuke H, Gonzi S, Guzik TG, Hams T, Hibino K, Ichimura M, Ioka K, Ishizaki W, Israel MH, Kasahara K, Kataoka J, Kataoka R, Katayose Y, Kato C, Kawanaka N, Kawakubo Y, Kobayashi K, Kohri K, Krawczynski HS, Krizmanic JF, Maestro P, Marrocchesi PS, Messineo AM, Mitchell JW, Miyake S, Moiseev AA, Mori M, Mori N, Motz HM, Munakata K, Nakahira S, Nishimura J, Okuno S, Ormes JF, Ozawa S, Pacini L, Papini P, Rauch BF, Ricciarini SB, Sakai K, Sakamoto T, Sasaki M, Shimizu Y, Shiomi A, Spillantini P, Stolzi F, Sugita S, Sulaj A, Takita M, Tamura T, Terasawa T, Torii S, Tsunesada Y, Uchihori Y, Vannuccini E, Wefel JP, Yamaoka K, Yanagita S, Yoshida A, Yoshida K, Zober WV. Charge-Sign Dependent Cosmic-Ray Modulation Observed with the Calorimetric Electron Telescope on the International Space Station. Phys Rev Lett 2023; 130:211001. [PMID: 37295105 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.211001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We present the observation of a charge-sign dependent solar modulation of galactic cosmic rays (GCRs) with the Calorimetric Electron Telescope onboard the International Space Station over 6 yr, corresponding to the positive polarity of the solar magnetic field. The observed variation of proton count rate is consistent with the neutron monitor count rate, validating our methods for determining the proton count rate. It is observed by the Calorimetric Electron Telescope that both GCR electron and proton count rates at the same average rigidity vary in anticorrelation with the tilt angle of the heliospheric current sheet, while the amplitude of the variation is significantly larger in the electron count rate than in the proton count rate. We show that this observed charge-sign dependence is reproduced by a numerical "drift model" of the GCR transport in the heliosphere. This is a clear signature of the drift effect on the long-term solar modulation observed with a single detector.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Adriani
- Department of Physics, University of Florence, Via Sansone, 1 - 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- INFN Sezione di Firenze, Via Sansone, 1 - 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Y Akaike
- Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 17 Kikuicho, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-0044, Japan
- JEM Utilization Center, Human Spaceflight Technology Directorate, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, 2-1-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8505, Japan
| | - K Asano
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwa-no-Ha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8582, Japan
| | - Y Asaoka
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwa-no-Ha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8582, Japan
| | - E Berti
- INFN Sezione di Firenze, Via Sansone, 1 - 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- Institute of Applied Physics (IFAC), National Research Council (CNR), Via Madonna del Piano, 10, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - G Bigongiari
- Department of Physical Sciences, Earth and Environment, University of Siena, via Roma 56, 53100 Siena, Italy
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, Polo Fibonacci, Largo B. Pontecorvo, 3 - 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - W R Binns
- Department of Physics and McDonnell Center for the Space Sciences, Washington University, One Brookings Drive, Saint Louis, Missouri 63130-4899, USA
| | - M Bongi
- Department of Physics, University of Florence, Via Sansone, 1 - 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- INFN Sezione di Firenze, Via Sansone, 1 - 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - P Brogi
- Department of Physical Sciences, Earth and Environment, University of Siena, via Roma 56, 53100 Siena, Italy
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, Polo Fibonacci, Largo B. Pontecorvo, 3 - 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - A Bruno
- Heliospheric Physics Laboratory, NASA/GSFC, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
| | - J H Buckley
- Department of Physics and McDonnell Center for the Space Sciences, Washington University, One Brookings Drive, Saint Louis, Missouri 63130-4899, USA
| | - N Cannady
- Center for Space Sciences and Technology, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, Maryland 21250, USA
- Astroparticle Physics Laboratory, NASA/GSFC, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
- Center for Research and Exploration in Space Sciences and Technology, NASA/GSFC, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
| | - G Castellini
- Institute of Applied Physics (IFAC), National Research Council (CNR), Via Madonna del Piano, 10, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - C Checchia
- Department of Physical Sciences, Earth and Environment, University of Siena, via Roma 56, 53100 Siena, Italy
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, Polo Fibonacci, Largo B. Pontecorvo, 3 - 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - M L Cherry
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Louisiana State University, 202 Nicholson Hall, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
| | - G Collazuol
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Padova, Via Marzolo, 8, 35131 Padova, Italy
- INFN Sezione di Padova, Via Marzolo, 8, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - G A de Nolfo
- Heliospheric Physics Laboratory, NASA/GSFC, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
| | - K Ebisawa
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Chuo, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5210, Japan
| | - A W Ficklin
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Louisiana State University, 202 Nicholson Hall, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
| | - H Fuke
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Chuo, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5210, Japan
| | - S Gonzi
- Department of Physics, University of Florence, Via Sansone, 1 - 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- INFN Sezione di Firenze, Via Sansone, 1 - 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- Institute of Applied Physics (IFAC), National Research Council (CNR), Via Madonna del Piano, 10, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - T G Guzik
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Louisiana State University, 202 Nicholson Hall, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
| | - T Hams
- Center for Space Sciences and Technology, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, Maryland 21250, USA
| | - K Hibino
- Kanagawa University, 3-27-1 Rokkakubashi, Kanagawa, Yokohama, Kanagawa 221-8686, Japan
| | - M Ichimura
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Hirosaki University, 3, Bunkyo, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8561, Japan
| | - K Ioka
- Yukawa Institute for Theoretical Physics, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - W Ishizaki
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwa-no-Ha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8582, Japan
| | - M H Israel
- Department of Physics and McDonnell Center for the Space Sciences, Washington University, One Brookings Drive, Saint Louis, Missouri 63130-4899, USA
| | - K Kasahara
- Department of Electronic Information Systems, Shibaura Institute of Technology, 307 Fukasaku, Minuma, Saitama 337-8570, Japan
| | - J Kataoka
- School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| | - R Kataoka
- National Institute of Polar Research, 10-3, Midori-cho, Tachikawa, Tokyo 190-8518, Japan
| | - Y Katayose
- Faculty of Engineering, Division of Intelligent Systems Engineering, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan
| | - C Kato
- Faculty of Science, Shinshu University, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621, Japan
| | - N Kawanaka
- Yukawa Institute for Theoretical Physics, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Y Kawakubo
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Louisiana State University, 202 Nicholson Hall, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
| | - K Kobayashi
- Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 17 Kikuicho, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-0044, Japan
- JEM Utilization Center, Human Spaceflight Technology Directorate, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, 2-1-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8505, Japan
| | - K Kohri
- Institute of Particle and Nuclear Studies, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, 1-1 Oho, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
| | - H S Krawczynski
- Department of Physics and McDonnell Center for the Space Sciences, Washington University, One Brookings Drive, Saint Louis, Missouri 63130-4899, USA
| | - J F Krizmanic
- Astroparticle Physics Laboratory, NASA/GSFC, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
| | - P Maestro
- Department of Physical Sciences, Earth and Environment, University of Siena, via Roma 56, 53100 Siena, Italy
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, Polo Fibonacci, Largo B. Pontecorvo, 3 - 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - P S Marrocchesi
- Department of Physical Sciences, Earth and Environment, University of Siena, via Roma 56, 53100 Siena, Italy
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, Polo Fibonacci, Largo B. Pontecorvo, 3 - 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - A M Messineo
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, Polo Fibonacci, Largo B. Pontecorvo, 3 - 56127 Pisa, Italy
- University of Pisa, Polo Fibonacci, Largo B. Pontecorvo, 3 - 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - J W Mitchell
- Astroparticle Physics Laboratory, NASA/GSFC, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
| | - S Miyake
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Systems Engineering, National Institute of Technology (KOSEN), Ibaraki College, 866 Nakane, Hitachinaka, Ibaraki 312-8508, Japan
| | - A A Moiseev
- Astroparticle Physics Laboratory, NASA/GSFC, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
- Center for Research and Exploration in Space Sciences and Technology, NASA/GSFC, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
- Department of Astronomy, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - M Mori
- Department of Physical Sciences, College of Science and Engineering, Ritsumeikan University, Shiga 525-8577, Japan
| | - N Mori
- INFN Sezione di Firenze, Via Sansone, 1 - 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - H M Motz
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Global Center for Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| | - K Munakata
- Faculty of Science, Shinshu University, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621, Japan
| | - S Nakahira
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Chuo, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5210, Japan
| | - J Nishimura
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Chuo, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5210, Japan
| | - S Okuno
- Kanagawa University, 3-27-1 Rokkakubashi, Kanagawa, Yokohama, Kanagawa 221-8686, Japan
| | - J F Ormes
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Denver, Physics Building, Room 211, 2112 East Wesley Avenue, Denver, Colorado 80208-6900, USA
| | - S Ozawa
- Quantum ICT Advanced Development Center, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, 4-2-1 Nukui-Kitamachi, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8795, Japan
| | - L Pacini
- INFN Sezione di Firenze, Via Sansone, 1 - 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- Institute of Applied Physics (IFAC), National Research Council (CNR), Via Madonna del Piano, 10, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - P Papini
- INFN Sezione di Firenze, Via Sansone, 1 - 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - B F Rauch
- Department of Physics and McDonnell Center for the Space Sciences, Washington University, One Brookings Drive, Saint Louis, Missouri 63130-4899, USA
| | - S B Ricciarini
- INFN Sezione di Firenze, Via Sansone, 1 - 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- Institute of Applied Physics (IFAC), National Research Council (CNR), Via Madonna del Piano, 10, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - K Sakai
- Center for Space Sciences and Technology, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, Maryland 21250, USA
- Astroparticle Physics Laboratory, NASA/GSFC, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
- Center for Research and Exploration in Space Sciences and Technology, NASA/GSFC, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
| | - T Sakamoto
- College of Science and Engineering, Department of Physics and Mathematics, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Chuo, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
| | - M Sasaki
- Astroparticle Physics Laboratory, NASA/GSFC, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
- Center for Research and Exploration in Space Sciences and Technology, NASA/GSFC, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
- Department of Astronomy, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Y Shimizu
- Kanagawa University, 3-27-1 Rokkakubashi, Kanagawa, Yokohama, Kanagawa 221-8686, Japan
| | - A Shiomi
- College of Industrial Technology, Nihon University, 1-2-1 Izumi, Narashino, Chiba 275-8575, Japan
| | - P Spillantini
- Department of Physics, University of Florence, Via Sansone, 1 - 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - F Stolzi
- Department of Physical Sciences, Earth and Environment, University of Siena, via Roma 56, 53100 Siena, Italy
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, Polo Fibonacci, Largo B. Pontecorvo, 3 - 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - S Sugita
- College of Science and Engineering, Department of Physics and Mathematics, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Chuo, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
| | - A Sulaj
- Department of Physical Sciences, Earth and Environment, University of Siena, via Roma 56, 53100 Siena, Italy
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, Polo Fibonacci, Largo B. Pontecorvo, 3 - 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - M Takita
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwa-no-Ha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8582, Japan
| | - T Tamura
- Kanagawa University, 3-27-1 Rokkakubashi, Kanagawa, Yokohama, Kanagawa 221-8686, Japan
| | - T Terasawa
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwa-no-Ha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8582, Japan
| | - S Torii
- Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 17 Kikuicho, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-0044, Japan
| | - Y Tsunesada
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
- Nambu Yoichiro Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics, Osaka Metropolitan University, Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - Y Uchihori
- National Institutes for Quantum and Radiation Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - E Vannuccini
- INFN Sezione di Firenze, Via Sansone, 1 - 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - J P Wefel
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Louisiana State University, 202 Nicholson Hall, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
| | - K Yamaoka
- Nagoya University, Furo, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - S Yanagita
- College of Science, Ibaraki University, 2-1-1 Bunkyo, Mito, Ibaraki 310-8512, Japan
| | - A Yoshida
- College of Science and Engineering, Department of Physics and Mathematics, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Chuo, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
| | - K Yoshida
- Department of Electronic Information Systems, Shibaura Institute of Technology, 307 Fukasaku, Minuma, Saitama 337-8570, Japan
| | - W V Zober
- Department of Physics and McDonnell Center for the Space Sciences, Washington University, One Brookings Drive, Saint Louis, Missouri 63130-4899, USA
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18
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Adriani O, Akaike Y, Asano K, Asaoka Y, Berti E, Bigongiari G, Binns WR, Bongi M, Brogi P, Bruno A, Buckley JH, Cannady N, Castellini G, Checchia C, Cherry ML, Collazuol G, de Nolfo GA, Ebisawa K, Ficklin AW, Fuke H, Gonzi S, Guzik TG, Hams T, Hibino K, Ichimura M, Ioka K, Ishizaki W, Israel MH, Kasahara K, Kataoka J, Kataoka R, Katayose Y, Kato C, Kawanaka N, Kawakubo Y, Kobayashi K, Kohri K, Krawczynski HS, Krizmanic JF, Maestro P, Marrocchesi PS, Messineo AM, Mitchell JW, Miyake S, Moiseev AA, Mori M, Mori N, Motz HM, Munakata K, Nakahira S, Nishimura J, Okuno S, Ormes JF, Ozawa S, Pacini L, Papini P, Rauch BF, Ricciarini SB, Sakai K, Sakamoto T, Sasaki M, Shimizu Y, Shiomi A, Spillantini P, Stolzi F, Sugita S, Sulaj A, Takita M, Tamura T, Terasawa T, Torii S, Tsunesada Y, Uchihori Y, Vannuccini E, Wefel JP, Yamaoka K, Yanagita S, Yoshida A, Yoshida K, Zober WV. Direct Measurement of the Cosmic-Ray Helium Spectrum from 40 GeV to 250 TeV with the Calorimetric Electron Telescope on the International Space Station. Phys Rev Lett 2023; 130:171002. [PMID: 37172251 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.171002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
We present the results of a direct measurement of the cosmic-ray helium spectrum with the CALET instrument in operation on the International Space Station since 2015. The observation period covered by this analysis spans from October 13, 2015, to April 30, 2022 (2392 days). The very wide dynamic range of CALET allowed for the collection of helium data over a large energy interval, from ∼40 GeV to ∼250 TeV, for the first time with a single instrument in low Earth orbit. The measured spectrum shows evidence of a deviation of the flux from a single power law by more than 8σ with a progressive spectral hardening from a few hundred GeV to a few tens of TeV. This result is consistent with the data reported by space instruments including PAMELA, AMS-02, and DAMPE and balloon instruments including CREAM. At higher energy we report the onset of a softening of the helium spectrum around 30 TeV (total kinetic energy). Though affected by large uncertainties in the highest energy bins, the observation of a flux reduction turns out to be consistent with the most recent results of DAMPE. A double broken power law is found to fit simultaneously both spectral features: the hardening (at lower energy) and the softening (at higher energy). A measurement of the proton to helium flux ratio in the energy range from 60 GeV/n to about 60 TeV/n is also presented, using the CALET proton flux recently updated with higher statistics.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Adriani
- Department of Physics, University of Florence, Via Sansone, 1-50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- INFN Sezione di Firenze, Via Sansone, 1-50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Y Akaike
- Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 17 Kikuicho, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-0044, Japan
- JEM Utilization Center, Human Spaceflight Technology Directorate, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, 2-1-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8505, Japan
| | - K Asano
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwa-no-Ha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8582, Japan
| | - Y Asaoka
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwa-no-Ha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8582, Japan
| | - E Berti
- INFN Sezione di Firenze, Via Sansone, 1-50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- Institute of Applied Physics (IFAC), National Research Council (CNR), Via Madonna del Piano, 10, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - G Bigongiari
- Department of Physical Sciences, Earth and Environment, University of Siena, via Roma 56, 53100 Siena, Italy
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, Polo Fibonacci, Largo B. Pontecorvo, 3-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - W R Binns
- Department of Physics and McDonnell Center for the Space Sciences, Washington University, One Brookings Drive, St. Louis, Missouri 63130-4899, USA
| | - M Bongi
- Department of Physics, University of Florence, Via Sansone, 1-50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- INFN Sezione di Firenze, Via Sansone, 1-50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - P Brogi
- Department of Physical Sciences, Earth and Environment, University of Siena, via Roma 56, 53100 Siena, Italy
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, Polo Fibonacci, Largo B. Pontecorvo, 3-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - A Bruno
- Heliospheric Physics Laboratory, NASA/GSFC, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
| | - J H Buckley
- Department of Physics and McDonnell Center for the Space Sciences, Washington University, One Brookings Drive, St. Louis, Missouri 63130-4899, USA
| | - N Cannady
- Center for Space Sciences and Technology, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, Maryland 21250, USA
- Astroparticle Physics Laboratory, NASA/GSFC, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
- Center for Research and Exploration in Space Sciences and Technology, NASA/GSFC, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
| | - G Castellini
- Institute of Applied Physics (IFAC), National Research Council (CNR), Via Madonna del Piano, 10, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - C Checchia
- Department of Physical Sciences, Earth and Environment, University of Siena, via Roma 56, 53100 Siena, Italy
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, Polo Fibonacci, Largo B. Pontecorvo, 3-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - M L Cherry
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Louisiana State University, 202 Nicholson Hall, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
| | - G Collazuol
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Padova, Via Marzolo, 8, 35131 Padova, Italy
- INFN Sezione di Padova, Via Marzolo, 8, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - G A de Nolfo
- Heliospheric Physics Laboratory, NASA/GSFC, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
| | - K Ebisawa
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Chuo, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5210, Japan
| | - A W Ficklin
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Louisiana State University, 202 Nicholson Hall, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
| | - H Fuke
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Chuo, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5210, Japan
| | - S Gonzi
- Department of Physics, University of Florence, Via Sansone, 1-50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- INFN Sezione di Firenze, Via Sansone, 1-50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- Institute of Applied Physics (IFAC), National Research Council (CNR), Via Madonna del Piano, 10, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - T G Guzik
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Louisiana State University, 202 Nicholson Hall, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
| | - T Hams
- Center for Space Sciences and Technology, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, Maryland 21250, USA
| | - K Hibino
- Kanagawa University, 3-27-1 Rokkakubashi, Kanagawa, Yokohama, Kanagawa 221-8686, Japan
| | - M Ichimura
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Hirosaki University, 3, Bunkyo, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8561, Japan
| | - K Ioka
- Yukawa Institute for Theoretical Physics, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - W Ishizaki
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwa-no-Ha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8582, Japan
| | - M H Israel
- Department of Physics and McDonnell Center for the Space Sciences, Washington University, One Brookings Drive, St. Louis, Missouri 63130-4899, USA
| | - K Kasahara
- Department of Electronic Information Systems, Shibaura Institute of Technology, 307 Fukasaku, Minuma, Saitama 337-8570, Japan
| | - J Kataoka
- School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| | - R Kataoka
- National Institute of Polar Research, 10-3, Midori-cho, Tachikawa, Tokyo 190-8518, Japan
| | - Y Katayose
- Faculty of Engineering, Division of Intelligent Systems Engineering, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan
| | - C Kato
- Faculty of Science, Shinshu University, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621, Japan
| | - N Kawanaka
- Yukawa Institute for Theoretical Physics, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Y Kawakubo
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Louisiana State University, 202 Nicholson Hall, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
| | - K Kobayashi
- Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 17 Kikuicho, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-0044, Japan
- JEM Utilization Center, Human Spaceflight Technology Directorate, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, 2-1-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8505, Japan
| | - K Kohri
- Institute of Particle and Nuclear Studies, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, 1-1 Oho, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0801, Japan
| | - H S Krawczynski
- Department of Physics and McDonnell Center for the Space Sciences, Washington University, One Brookings Drive, St. Louis, Missouri 63130-4899, USA
| | - J F Krizmanic
- Astroparticle Physics Laboratory, NASA/GSFC, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
| | - P Maestro
- Department of Physical Sciences, Earth and Environment, University of Siena, via Roma 56, 53100 Siena, Italy
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, Polo Fibonacci, Largo B. Pontecorvo, 3-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - P S Marrocchesi
- Department of Physical Sciences, Earth and Environment, University of Siena, via Roma 56, 53100 Siena, Italy
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, Polo Fibonacci, Largo B. Pontecorvo, 3-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - A M Messineo
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, Polo Fibonacci, Largo B. Pontecorvo, 3-56127 Pisa, Italy
- University of Pisa, Polo Fibonacci, Largo B. Pontecorvo, 3-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - J W Mitchell
- Astroparticle Physics Laboratory, NASA/GSFC, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
| | - S Miyake
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Systems Engineering, National Institute of Technology (KOSEN), Ibaraki College, 866 Nakane, Hitachinaka, Ibaraki 312-8508, Japan
| | - A A Moiseev
- Astroparticle Physics Laboratory, NASA/GSFC, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
- Center for Research and Exploration in Space Sciences and Technology, NASA/GSFC, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
- Department of Astronomy, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - M Mori
- Department of Physical Sciences, College of Science and Engineering, Ritsumeikan University, Shiga 525-8577, Japan
| | - N Mori
- INFN Sezione di Firenze, Via Sansone, 1-50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - H M Motz
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Global Center for Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| | - K Munakata
- Faculty of Science, Shinshu University, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621, Japan
| | - S Nakahira
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Chuo, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5210, Japan
| | - J Nishimura
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Chuo, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5210, Japan
| | - S Okuno
- Kanagawa University, 3-27-1 Rokkakubashi, Kanagawa, Yokohama, Kanagawa 221-8686, Japan
| | - J F Ormes
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Denver, Physics Building, Room 211, 2112 East Wesley Avenue, Denver, Colorado 80208-6900, USA
| | - S Ozawa
- Quantum ICT Advanced Development Center, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, 4-2-1 Nukui-Kitamachi, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8795, Japan
| | - L Pacini
- INFN Sezione di Firenze, Via Sansone, 1-50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- Institute of Applied Physics (IFAC), National Research Council (CNR), Via Madonna del Piano, 10, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - P Papini
- INFN Sezione di Firenze, Via Sansone, 1-50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - B F Rauch
- Department of Physics and McDonnell Center for the Space Sciences, Washington University, One Brookings Drive, St. Louis, Missouri 63130-4899, USA
| | - S B Ricciarini
- INFN Sezione di Firenze, Via Sansone, 1-50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- Institute of Applied Physics (IFAC), National Research Council (CNR), Via Madonna del Piano, 10, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - K Sakai
- Center for Space Sciences and Technology, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, Maryland 21250, USA
- Astroparticle Physics Laboratory, NASA/GSFC, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
- Center for Research and Exploration in Space Sciences and Technology, NASA/GSFC, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
| | - T Sakamoto
- College of Science and Engineering, Department of Physics and Mathematics, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Chuo, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
| | - M Sasaki
- Astroparticle Physics Laboratory, NASA/GSFC, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
- Center for Research and Exploration in Space Sciences and Technology, NASA/GSFC, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
- Department of Astronomy, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Y Shimizu
- Kanagawa University, 3-27-1 Rokkakubashi, Kanagawa, Yokohama, Kanagawa 221-8686, Japan
| | - A Shiomi
- College of Industrial Technology, Nihon University, 1-2-1 Izumi, Narashino, Chiba 275-8575, Japan
| | - P Spillantini
- Department of Physics, University of Florence, Via Sansone, 1-50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - F Stolzi
- Department of Physical Sciences, Earth and Environment, University of Siena, via Roma 56, 53100 Siena, Italy
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, Polo Fibonacci, Largo B. Pontecorvo, 3-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - S Sugita
- College of Science and Engineering, Department of Physics and Mathematics, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Chuo, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
| | - A Sulaj
- Department of Physical Sciences, Earth and Environment, University of Siena, via Roma 56, 53100 Siena, Italy
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, Polo Fibonacci, Largo B. Pontecorvo, 3-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - M Takita
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwa-no-Ha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8582, Japan
| | - T Tamura
- Kanagawa University, 3-27-1 Rokkakubashi, Kanagawa, Yokohama, Kanagawa 221-8686, Japan
| | - T Terasawa
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwa-no-Ha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8582, Japan
| | - S Torii
- Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 17 Kikuicho, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-0044, Japan
| | - Y Tsunesada
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
- Nambu Yoichiro Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics, Osaka Metropolitan University, Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - Y Uchihori
- National Institutes for Quantum and Radiation Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - E Vannuccini
- INFN Sezione di Firenze, Via Sansone, 1-50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - J P Wefel
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Louisiana State University, 202 Nicholson Hall, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
| | - K Yamaoka
- Nagoya University, Furo, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - S Yanagita
- College of Science, Ibaraki University, 2-1-1 Bunkyo, Mito, Ibaraki 310-8512, Japan
| | - A Yoshida
- College of Science and Engineering, Department of Physics and Mathematics, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Chuo, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
| | - K Yoshida
- Department of Electronic Information Systems, Shibaura Institute of Technology, 307 Fukasaku, Minuma, Saitama 337-8570, Japan
| | - W V Zober
- Department of Physics and McDonnell Center for the Space Sciences, Washington University, One Brookings Drive, St. Louis, Missouri 63130-4899, USA
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19
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Itakura Y, Tabata K, Saito T, Intaruck K, Kawaguchi N, Kishimoto M, Torii S, Kobayashi S, Ito N, Harada M, Inoue S, Maeda K, Takada A, Hall WW, Orba Y, Sawa H, Sasaki M. Morphogenesis of Bullet-Shaped Rabies Virus Particles Regulated by TSG101. J Virol 2023; 97:e0043823. [PMID: 37042780 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00438-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Viral protein assembly and virion budding are tightly regulated to enable the proper formation of progeny virions. At this late stage in the virus life cycle, some enveloped viruses take advantage of the host endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT) machinery, which contributes to the physiological functions of membrane modulation and abscission. Bullet-shaped viral particles are unique morphological characteristics of rhabdoviruses; however, the involvement of host factors in rhabdovirus infection and, specifically, the molecular mechanisms underlying virion formation are not fully understood. In the present study, we used a small interfering RNA (siRNA) screening approach and found that the ESCRT-I component TSG101 contributes to the propagation of rabies virus (RABV). We demonstrated that the matrix protein (M) of RABV interacts with TSG101 via the late domain containing the PY and YL motifs, which are conserved in various viral proteins. Loss of the YL motif in the RABV M or the downregulation of host TSG101 expression resulted in the intracellular aggregation of viral proteins and abnormal virus particle formation, indicating a defect in the RABV assembly and budding processes. These results indicate that the interaction of the RABV M and TSG101 is pivotal for not only the efficient budding of progeny RABV from infected cells but also for the bullet-shaped virion morphology. IMPORTANCE Enveloped viruses bud from cells with the host lipid bilayer. Generally, the membrane modulation and abscission are mediated by host ESCRT complexes. Some enveloped viruses utilize their late (L-) domain to interact with ESCRTs, which promotes viral budding. Rhabdoviruses form characteristic bullet-shaped enveloped virions, but the underlying molecular mechanisms involved remain elusive. Here, we showed that TSG101, one of the ESCRT components, supports rabies virus (RABV) budding and proliferation. TSG101 interacted with RABV matrix protein via the L-domain, and the absence of this interaction resulted in intracellular virion accumulation and distortion of the morphology of progeny virions. Our study reveals that virion formation of RABV is highly regulated by TSG101 and the virus matrix protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukari Itakura
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Koshiro Tabata
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Takeshi Saito
- Division of Global Epidemiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Kittiya Intaruck
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Nijiho Kawaguchi
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Mai Kishimoto
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Shiho Torii
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Shintaro Kobayashi
- Laboratory of Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Naoto Ito
- Laboratory of Zoonotic Diseases, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Michiko Harada
- Department of Veterinary Science, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Inoue
- Department of Veterinary Science, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ken Maeda
- Department of Veterinary Science, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ayato Takada
- Division of Global Epidemiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
- One Health Research Center, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - William W Hall
- National Virus Reference Laboratory, School of Medicine, University College of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- International Collaboration Unit, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
- Global Virus Network, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Yasuko Orba
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
- International Collaboration Unit, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
- Institute for Vaccine Research and Development (HU-IVReD), Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Sawa
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
- International Collaboration Unit, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
- Global Virus Network, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- One Health Research Center, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
- Institute for Vaccine Research and Development (HU-IVReD), Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Michihito Sasaki
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
- Institute for Vaccine Research and Development (HU-IVReD), Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
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20
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Sasaki M, Tabata K, Kishimoto M, Itakura Y, Kobayashi H, Ariizumi T, Uemura K, Toba S, Kusakabe S, Maruyama Y, Iida S, Nakajima N, Suzuki T, Yoshida S, Nobori H, Sanaki T, Kato T, Shishido T, Hall WW, Orba Y, Sato A, Sawa H. S-217622, a SARS-CoV-2 main protease inhibitor, decreases viral load and ameliorates COVID-19 severity in hamsters. Sci Transl Med 2023; 15:eabq4064. [PMID: 36327352 PMCID: PMC9765455 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abq4064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
In parallel with vaccination, oral antiviral agents are highly anticipated to act as countermeasures for the treatment of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Oral antiviral medication demands not only high antiviral activity but also target specificity, favorable oral bioavailability, and high metabolic stability. Although a large number of compounds have been identified as potential inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 infection in vitro, few have proven to be effective in vivo. Here, we show that oral administration of S-217622 (ensitrelvir), an inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2 main protease (Mpro; also known as 3C-like protease), decreases viral load and ameliorates disease severity in SARS-CoV-2-infected hamsters. S-217622 inhibited viral proliferation at low nanomolar to submicromolar concentrations in cells. Oral administration of S-217622 demonstrated favorable pharmacokinetic properties and accelerated recovery from acute SARS-CoV-2 infection in hamster recipients. Moreover, S-217622 exerted antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern, including the highly pathogenic Delta variant and the recently emerged Omicron BA.5 and BA.2.75 variants. Overall, our study provides evidence that S-217622, an antiviral agent that is under evaluation in a phase 3 clinical trial (clinical trial registration no. jRCT2031210350), has remarkable antiviral potency and efficacy against SARS-CoV-2 and is a prospective oral therapeutic option for COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michihito Sasaki
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 001-220, Japan.,Corresponding author. (M.S.); (H.S.)
| | - Koshiro Tabata
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 001-220, Japan
| | - Mai Kishimoto
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 001-220, Japan
| | - Yukari Itakura
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 001-220, Japan
| | - Hiroko Kobayashi
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 001-220, Japan
| | - Takuma Ariizumi
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 001-220, Japan
| | - Kentaro Uemura
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 001-220, Japan.,Shionogi & Co., Ltd., Osaka 561-0825, Japan.,Laboratory of Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0812, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Toba
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 001-220, Japan.,Shionogi & Co., Ltd., Osaka 561-0825, Japan
| | - Shinji Kusakabe
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 001-220, Japan.,Shionogi & Co., Ltd., Osaka 561-0825, Japan
| | - Yuki Maruyama
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 001-220, Japan.,Shionogi & Co., Ltd., Osaka 561-0825, Japan
| | - Shun Iida
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, 162-8640, Japan
| | - Noriko Nakajima
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, 162-8640, Japan
| | - Tadaki Suzuki
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, 162-8640, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | - William W. Hall
- International Collaboration Unit, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 001-0020, Japan.,National Virus Reference Laboratory, School of Medicine, University College of Dublin, 4, Ireland.,Global Virus Network, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Yasuko Orba
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 001-220, Japan.,International Collaboration Unit, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 001-0020, Japan
| | - Akihiko Sato
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 001-220, Japan.,Shionogi & Co., Ltd., Osaka 561-0825, Japan.,Institute for Vaccine Research and Development (IVReD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 001-0021, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Sawa
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 001-220, Japan.,International Collaboration Unit, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 001-0020, Japan.,Global Virus Network, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.,Institute for Vaccine Research and Development (IVReD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 001-0021, Japan.,One Health Research Center, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 001-0020, Japan.,Corresponding author. (M.S.); (H.S.)
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21
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Adriani O, Akaike Y, Asano K, Asaoka Y, Berti E, Bigongiari G, Binns WR, Bongi M, Brogi P, Bruno A, Buckley JH, Cannady N, Castellini G, Checchia C, Cherry ML, Collazuol G, de Nolfo GA, Ebisawa K, Ficklin AW, Fuke H, Gonzi S, Guzik TG, Hams T, Hibino K, Ichimura M, Ioka K, Ishizaki W, Israel MH, Kasahara K, Kataoka J, Kataoka R, Katayose Y, Kato C, Kawanaka N, Kawakubo Y, Kobayashi K, Kohri K, Krawczynski HS, Krizmanic JF, Maestro P, Marrocchesi PS, Messineo AM, Mitchell JW, Miyake S, Moiseev AA, Mori M, Mori N, Motz HM, Munakata K, Nakahira S, Nishimura J, Okuno S, Ormes JF, Ozawa S, Pacini L, Papini P, Rauch BF, Ricciarini SB, Sakai K, Sakamoto T, Sasaki M, Shimizu Y, Shiomi A, Spillantini P, Stolzi F, Sugita S, Sulaj A, Takita M, Tamura T, Terasawa T, Torii S, Tsunesada Y, Uchihori Y, Vannuccini E, Wefel JP, Yamaoka K, Yanagita S, Yoshida A, Yoshida K, Zober WV. Cosmic-Ray Boron Flux Measured from 8.4 GeV/n to 3.8 TeV/n with the Calorimetric Electron Telescope on the International Space Station. Phys Rev Lett 2022; 129:251103. [PMID: 36608255 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.251103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
We present the measurement of the energy dependence of the boron flux in cosmic rays and its ratio to the carbon flux in an energy interval from 8.4 GeV/n to 3.8 TeV/n based on the data collected by the Calorimetric Electron Telescope (CALET) during ∼6.4 yr of operation on the International Space Station. An update of the energy spectrum of carbon is also presented with an increase in statistics over our previous measurement. The observed boron flux shows a spectral hardening at the same transition energy E_{0}∼200 GeV/n of the C spectrum, though B and C fluxes have different energy dependences. The spectral index of the B spectrum is found to be γ=-3.047±0.024 in the interval 25<E<200 GeV/n. The B spectrum hardens by Δγ_{B}=0.25±0.12, while the best fit value for the spectral variation of C is Δγ_{C}=0.19±0.03. The B/C flux ratio is compatible with a hardening of 0.09±0.05, though a single power-law energy dependence cannot be ruled out given the current statistical uncertainties. A break in the B/C ratio energy dependence would support the recent AMS-02 observations that secondary cosmic rays exhibit a stronger hardening than primary ones. We also perform a fit to the B/C ratio with a leaky-box model of the cosmic-ray propagation in the Galaxy in order to probe a possible residual value λ_{0} of the mean escape path length λ at high energy. We find that our B/C data are compatible with a nonzero value of λ_{0}, which can be interpreted as the column density of matter that cosmic rays cross within the acceleration region.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Adriani
- Department of Physics Department of Physics, University of Florence, Via Sansone, 1-50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- INFN Sezione di Florence, Via Sansone, 1-50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Y Akaike
- Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 17 Kikuicho, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-0044, Japan
- JEM Utilization Center, Human Spaceflight Technology Directorate, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, 2-1-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8505, Japan
| | - K Asano
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwa-no-Ha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8582, Japan
| | - Y Asaoka
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwa-no-Ha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8582, Japan
| | - E Berti
- Department of Physics Department of Physics, University of Florence, Via Sansone, 1-50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- INFN Sezione di Florence, Via Sansone, 1-50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - G Bigongiari
- Department of Physical Sciences, Earth and Environment, University of Siena, via Roma 56, 53100 Siena, Italy
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, Polo Fibonacci, Largo B. Pontecorvo, 3-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - W R Binns
- Department of Physics and McDonnell Center for the Space Sciences, Washington University, One Brookings Drive, St. Louis, Missouri 63130-4899, USA
| | - M Bongi
- Department of Physics Department of Physics, University of Florence, Via Sansone, 1-50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- INFN Sezione di Florence, Via Sansone, 1-50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - P Brogi
- Department of Physical Sciences, Earth and Environment, University of Siena, via Roma 56, 53100 Siena, Italy
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, Polo Fibonacci, Largo B. Pontecorvo, 3-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - A Bruno
- Heliospheric Physics Laboratory, NASA/GSFC, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
| | - J H Buckley
- Department of Physics and McDonnell Center for the Space Sciences, Washington University, One Brookings Drive, St. Louis, Missouri 63130-4899, USA
| | - N Cannady
- Center for Space Sciences and Technology, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, Maryland 21250, USA
- Astroparticle Physics Laboratory, NASA/GSFC, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
- Center for Research and Exploration in Space Sciences and Technology, NASA/GSFC, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
| | - G Castellini
- Institute of Applied Physics (IFAC), National Research Council (CNR), Via Madonna del Piano, 10, 50019 Sesto, Fiorentino, Italy
| | - C Checchia
- Department of Physical Sciences, Earth and Environment, University of Siena, via Roma 56, 53100 Siena, Italy
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, Polo Fibonacci, Largo B. Pontecorvo, 3-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - M L Cherry
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Louisiana State University, 202 Nicholson Hall, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
| | - G Collazuol
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Padova, Via Marzolo, 8, 35131 Padova, Italy
- INFN Sezione di Padova, Via Marzolo, 8, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - G A de Nolfo
- Heliospheric Physics Laboratory, NASA/GSFC, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
| | - K Ebisawa
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Chuo, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5210, Japan
| | - A W Ficklin
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Louisiana State University, 202 Nicholson Hall, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
| | - H Fuke
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Chuo, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5210, Japan
| | - S Gonzi
- Department of Physics Department of Physics, University of Florence, Via Sansone, 1-50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- INFN Sezione di Florence, Via Sansone, 1-50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - T G Guzik
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Louisiana State University, 202 Nicholson Hall, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
| | - T Hams
- Center for Space Sciences and Technology, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, Maryland 21250, USA
| | - K Hibino
- Kanagawa University, 3-27-1 Rokkakubashi, Kanagawa, Yokohama, Kanagawa 221-8686, Japan
| | - M Ichimura
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Hirosaki University, 3, Bunkyo, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8561, Japan
| | - K Ioka
- Yukawa Institute for Theoretical Physics, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa Oiwakecho, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - W Ishizaki
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwa-no-Ha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8582, Japan
| | - M H Israel
- Department of Physics and McDonnell Center for the Space Sciences, Washington University, One Brookings Drive, St. Louis, Missouri 63130-4899, USA
| | - K Kasahara
- Department of Electronic Information Systems, Shibaura Institute of Technology, 307 Fukasaku, Minuma, Saitama 337-8570, Japan
| | - J Kataoka
- Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| | - R Kataoka
- National Institute of Polar Research, 10-3, Midori-cho, Tachikawa, Tokyo 190-8518, Japan
| | - Y Katayose
- Faculty of Engineering, Division of Intelligent Systems Engineering, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan
| | - C Kato
- Faculty of Science, Shinshu University, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621, Japan
| | - N Kawanaka
- Yukawa Institute for Theoretical Physics, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa Oiwakecho, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Y Kawakubo
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Louisiana State University, 202 Nicholson Hall, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
| | - K Kobayashi
- Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 17 Kikuicho, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-0044, Japan
- JEM Utilization Center, Human Spaceflight Technology Directorate, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, 2-1-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8505, Japan
| | - K Kohri
- Institute of Particle and Nuclear Studies, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, 1-1 Oho, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
| | - H S Krawczynski
- Department of Physics and McDonnell Center for the Space Sciences, Washington University, One Brookings Drive, St. Louis, Missouri 63130-4899, USA
| | - J F Krizmanic
- Astroparticle Physics Laboratory, NASA/GSFC, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
| | - P Maestro
- Department of Physical Sciences, Earth and Environment, University of Siena, via Roma 56, 53100 Siena, Italy
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, Polo Fibonacci, Largo B. Pontecorvo, 3-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - P S Marrocchesi
- Department of Physical Sciences, Earth and Environment, University of Siena, via Roma 56, 53100 Siena, Italy
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, Polo Fibonacci, Largo B. Pontecorvo, 3-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - A M Messineo
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, Polo Fibonacci, Largo B. Pontecorvo, 3-56127 Pisa, Italy
- University of Pisa, Polo Fibonacci, Largo B. Pontecorvo, 3-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - J W Mitchell
- Astroparticle Physics Laboratory, NASA/GSFC, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
| | - S Miyake
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Systems Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Ibaraki College, 866 Nakane, Hitachinaka, Ibaraki 312-8508 Japan
| | - A A Moiseev
- Astroparticle Physics Laboratory, NASA/GSFC, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
- Center for Research and Exploration in Space Sciences and Technology, NASA/GSFC, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
- Department of Astronomy, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - M Mori
- Department of Physical Sciences, College of Science and Engineering, Ritsumeikan University, Shiga 525-8577, Japan
| | - N Mori
- INFN Sezione di Florence, Via Sansone, 1-50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - H M Motz
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Global Center for Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| | - K Munakata
- Faculty of Science, Shinshu University, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621, Japan
| | - S Nakahira
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Chuo, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5210, Japan
| | - J Nishimura
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Chuo, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5210, Japan
| | - S Okuno
- Kanagawa University, 3-27-1 Rokkakubashi, Kanagawa, Yokohama, Kanagawa 221-8686, Japan
| | - J F Ormes
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Denver, Physics Building, Room 211, 2112 East Wesley Avenue, Denver, Colorado 80208-6900, USA
| | - S Ozawa
- Quantum ICT Advanced Development Center, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, 4-2-1 Nukui-Kitamachi, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8795, Japan
| | - L Pacini
- Department of Physics Department of Physics, University of Florence, Via Sansone, 1-50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- INFN Sezione di Florence, Via Sansone, 1-50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- Institute of Applied Physics (IFAC), National Research Council (CNR), Via Madonna del Piano, 10, 50019 Sesto, Fiorentino, Italy
| | - P Papini
- INFN Sezione di Florence, Via Sansone, 1-50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - B F Rauch
- Department of Physics and McDonnell Center for the Space Sciences, Washington University, One Brookings Drive, St. Louis, Missouri 63130-4899, USA
| | - S B Ricciarini
- INFN Sezione di Florence, Via Sansone, 1-50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- Institute of Applied Physics (IFAC), National Research Council (CNR), Via Madonna del Piano, 10, 50019 Sesto, Fiorentino, Italy
| | - K Sakai
- Center for Space Sciences and Technology, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, Maryland 21250, USA
- Astroparticle Physics Laboratory, NASA/GSFC, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
- Center for Research and Exploration in Space Sciences and Technology, NASA/GSFC, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
| | - T Sakamoto
- College of Science and Engineering, Department of Physics and Mathematics, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Chuo, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
| | - M Sasaki
- Astroparticle Physics Laboratory, NASA/GSFC, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
- Center for Research and Exploration in Space Sciences and Technology, NASA/GSFC, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
- Department of Astronomy, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Y Shimizu
- Kanagawa University, 3-27-1 Rokkakubashi, Kanagawa, Yokohama, Kanagawa 221-8686, Japan
| | - A Shiomi
- College of Industrial Technology, Nihon University, 1-2-1 Izumi, Narashino, Chiba 275-8575, Japan
| | - P Spillantini
- Department of Physics Department of Physics, University of Florence, Via Sansone, 1-50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - F Stolzi
- Department of Physical Sciences, Earth and Environment, University of Siena, via Roma 56, 53100 Siena, Italy
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, Polo Fibonacci, Largo B. Pontecorvo, 3-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - S Sugita
- College of Science and Engineering, Department of Physics and Mathematics, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Chuo, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
| | - A Sulaj
- Department of Physical Sciences, Earth and Environment, University of Siena, via Roma 56, 53100 Siena, Italy
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, Polo Fibonacci, Largo B. Pontecorvo, 3-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - M Takita
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwa-no-Ha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8582, Japan
| | - T Tamura
- Kanagawa University, 3-27-1 Rokkakubashi, Kanagawa, Yokohama, Kanagawa 221-8686, Japan
| | - T Terasawa
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwa-no-Ha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8582, Japan
| | - S Torii
- Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 17 Kikuicho, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-0044, Japan
| | - Y Tsunesada
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, 3-3-138, Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
- Nambu Yoichiro Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics, Osaka Metropolitan University, 3-3-138, Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - Y Uchihori
- National Institutes for Quantum and Radiation Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - E Vannuccini
- INFN Sezione di Florence, Via Sansone, 1-50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - J P Wefel
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Louisiana State University, 202 Nicholson Hall, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
| | - K Yamaoka
- Nagoya University, Furo, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - S Yanagita
- College of Science, Ibaraki University, 2-1-1 Bunkyo, Mito, Ibaraki 310-8512, Japan
| | - A Yoshida
- College of Science and Engineering, Department of Physics and Mathematics, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Chuo, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
| | - K Yoshida
- Department of Electronic Information Systems, Shibaura Institute of Technology, 307 Fukasaku, Minuma, Saitama 337-8570, Japan
| | - W V Zober
- Department of Physics and McDonnell Center for the Space Sciences, Washington University, One Brookings Drive, St. Louis, Missouri 63130-4899, USA
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22
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Saito S, Funayama K, Kato W, Okuda M, Kawamoto M, Matsubara T, Sato T, Sato A, Otsuguro S, Sasaki M, Orba Y, Sawa H, Maenaka K, Shindo K, Imoto M, Arai MA. Dihydromaniwamycin E, a Heat-Shock Metabolite from Thermotolerant Streptomyces sp. JA74, Exhibiting Antiviral Activity against Influenza and SARS-CoV-2 Viruses. J Nat Prod 2022; 85:2583-2591. [PMID: 36223390 PMCID: PMC9578650 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.2c00550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Dihydromaniwamycin E (1), a new maniwamycin derivative featuring an azoxy moiety, has been isolated from the culture extract of thermotolerant Streptomyces sp. JA74 along with the known analogue maniwamycin E (2). Compound 1 is produced only by cultivation of strain JA74 at 45 °C, and this type of compound has been previously designated a "heat shock metabolite (HSM)" by our research group. Compound 2 is detected as a production-enhanced metabolite at high temperature. Structures of 1 and 2 are elucidated by NMR and MS spectroscopic analyses. The absolute structure of 1 is determined after the total synthesis of four stereoisomers. Though the absolute structure of 2 has been proposed to be the same as the structure of maniwamycin D, the NMR and the optical rotation value of 2 are in agreement with those of maniwamycin E. Therefore, this study proposes a structural revision of maniwamycins D and E. Compounds 1 and 2 show inhibitory activity against the influenza (H1N1) virus infection of MDCK cells, demonstrating IC50 values of 25.7 and 63.2 μM, respectively. Notably, 1 and 2 display antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2, the causative agent of COVID-19, when used to infect 293TA and VeroE6T cells, with 1 and 2 showing IC50 values (for infection of 293TA cells) of 19.7 and 9.7 μM, respectively. The two compounds do not exhibit cytotoxicity in these cell lines at those IC50 concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun Saito
- Department of Biosciences and Informatics, Faculty of
Science and Technology, Keio University, Yokohama223-8522,
Japan
| | - Kayo Funayama
- Department of Biosciences and Informatics, Faculty of
Science and Technology, Keio University, Yokohama223-8522,
Japan
| | - Wataru Kato
- Department of Biosciences and Informatics, Faculty of
Science and Technology, Keio University, Yokohama223-8522,
Japan
| | - Mayu Okuda
- Department of Biosciences and Informatics, Faculty of
Science and Technology, Keio University, Yokohama223-8522,
Japan
| | - Meiko Kawamoto
- Department of Biosciences and Informatics, Faculty of
Science and Technology, Keio University, Yokohama223-8522,
Japan
| | - Teruhiko Matsubara
- Department of Biosciences and Informatics, Faculty of
Science and Technology, Keio University, Yokohama223-8522,
Japan
| | - Toshinori Sato
- Department of Biosciences and Informatics, Faculty of
Science and Technology, Keio University, Yokohama223-8522,
Japan
| | - Akihiko Sato
- Drug Discovery and Disease Research Laboratory,
Shionogi & Co., Ltd., Osaka541-0045,
Japan
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, International
Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University,
Sapporo001-0020, Japan
| | - Satoko Otsuguro
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Science, Faculty of
Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo060-0812,
Japan
| | - Michihito Sasaki
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, International
Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University,
Sapporo001-0020, Japan
| | - Yasuko Orba
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, International
Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University,
Sapporo001-0020, Japan
- International Collaboration Unit, International Institute for
Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo001-0020,
Japan
| | - Hirofumi Sawa
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, International
Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University,
Sapporo001-0020, Japan
- International Collaboration Unit, International Institute for
Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo001-0020,
Japan
- One Health Research Center, Hokkaido
University, Sapporo060-0818, Japan
- Global Virus Network,
Baltimore, Maryland21201, United States
| | - Katsumi Maenaka
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Science, Faculty of
Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo060-0812,
Japan
| | - Kazutoshi Shindo
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Japan
Women’s University, Tokyo112-8681, Japan
| | - Masaya Imoto
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo
University School of Medicine, Tokyo113-8431,
Japan
| | - Midori A. Arai
- Department of Biosciences and Informatics, Faculty of
Science and Technology, Keio University, Yokohama223-8522,
Japan
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23
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Hirose Y, Shindo N, Mori M, Onitsuka S, Isogai H, Hamada R, Hiramoto T, Ochi J, Takahashi D, Ueda T, Caaveiro JMM, Yoshida Y, Ohdo S, Matsunaga N, Toba S, Sasaki M, Orba Y, Sawa H, Sato A, Kawanishi E, Ojida A. Discovery of Chlorofluoroacetamide-Based Covalent Inhibitors for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 3CL Protease. J Med Chem 2022; 65:13852-13865. [PMID: 36229406 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c01081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has necessitated the development of antiviral agents against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). 3C-like protease (3CLpro) is a promising target for COVID-19 treatment. Here, we report a new class of covalent inhibitors of 3CLpro that possess chlorofluoroacetamide (CFA) as a cysteine-reactive warhead. Based on an aza-peptide scaffold, we synthesized a series of CFA derivatives in enantiopure form and evaluated their biochemical efficiency. The data revealed that 8a (YH-6) with the R configuration at the CFA unit strongly blocks SARS-CoV-2 replication in infected cells, and its potency is comparable to that of nirmatrelvir. X-ray structural analysis showed that YH-6 formed a covalent bond with Cys145 at the catalytic center of 3CLpro. The strong antiviral activity and favorable pharmacokinetic properties of YH-6 suggest its potential as a lead compound for the treatment of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuya Hirose
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka812-8582, Japan
| | - Naoya Shindo
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka812-8582, Japan
| | - Makiko Mori
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka812-8582, Japan
| | - Satsuki Onitsuka
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka812-8582, Japan
| | - Hikaru Isogai
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka812-8582, Japan
| | - Rui Hamada
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka812-8582, Japan
| | - Tadanari Hiramoto
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka812-8582, Japan
| | - Jinta Ochi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka812-8582, Japan
| | - Daisuke Takahashi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka812-8582, Japan
| | - Tadashi Ueda
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka812-8582, Japan
| | - Jose M M Caaveiro
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka812-8582, Japan
| | - Yuya Yoshida
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka812-8582, Japan
| | - Shigehiro Ohdo
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka812-8582, Japan
| | - Naoya Matsunaga
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka812-8582, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Toba
- International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, North 20, West 10 Kita-ku, Sapporo001-0020, Japan.,Drug Discovery and Disease Research Laboratory, Shionogi & Co. Ltd., 3-1-1 Futaba-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka561-0825, Japan
| | - Michihito Sasaki
- International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, North 20, West 10 Kita-ku, Sapporo001-0020, Japan
| | - Yasuko Orba
- International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, North 20, West 10 Kita-ku, Sapporo001-0020, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Sawa
- International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, North 20, West 10 Kita-ku, Sapporo001-0020, Japan.,One Health Research Center, Hokkaido University, North 18, West 9 Kita-ku, Sapporo060-0818, Japan.,Global Virus Network, 725 West Lombard St. Room S413, Baltimore, Maryland21201, United States
| | - Akihiko Sato
- International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, North 20, West 10 Kita-ku, Sapporo001-0020, Japan.,Drug Discovery and Disease Research Laboratory, Shionogi & Co. Ltd., 3-1-1 Futaba-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka561-0825, Japan
| | - Eiji Kawanishi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka812-8582, Japan
| | - Akio Ojida
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka812-8582, Japan
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24
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Shimizu H, Kodama M, Matsumoto M, Orba Y, Sasaki M, Sato A, Sawa H, Nakayama KI. LIGHTHOUSE illuminates therapeutics for a variety of diseases including COVID-19. iScience 2022; 25:105314. [PMID: 36246574 PMCID: PMC9549714 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the bottlenecks in the application of basic research findings to patients is the enormous cost, time, and effort required for high-throughput screening of potential drugs for given therapeutic targets. Here we have developed LIGHTHOUSE, a graph-based deep learning approach for discovery of the hidden principles underlying the association of small-molecule compounds with target proteins. Without any 3D structural information for proteins or chemicals, LIGHTHOUSE estimates protein-compound scores that incorporate known evolutionary relations and available experimental data. It identified therapeutics for cancer, lifestyle related disease, and bacterial infection. Moreover, LIGHTHOUSE predicted ethoxzolamide as a therapeutic for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and this agent was indeed effective against alpha, beta, gamma, and delta variants of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that are rampant worldwide. We envision that LIGHTHOUSE will help accelerate drug discovery and fill the gap between bench side and bedside. LIGHTHOUSE discovers therapeutics solely on the basis of the primary sequence The predictions of LIGHTHOUSE against multiple diseases were experimentally correct LIGHTHOUSE facilitates optimization of lead compounds as well
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideyuki Shimizu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan,Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA,Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA,Department of AI Systems Medicine, M&D Data Science Center, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan,Corresponding author
| | - Manabu Kodama
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Masaki Matsumoto
- Department of Omics and Systems Biology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | - Yasuko Orba
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan
| | - Michihito Sasaki
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan
| | - Akihiko Sato
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan,Drug Discovery and Disease Research Laboratory, Shionogi & Co. Ltd., Osaka 561-0825, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Sawa
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan,International Collaboration Unit, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan,One Health Research Center, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan,Global Virus Network, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA,Hokkaido University, Institute for Vaccine Research and Development (HU-IVReD)
| | - Keiichi I. Nakayama
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan,Corresponding author
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25
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Hirose H, Hirai Y, Sasaki M, Sawa H, Futaki S. Quantitative Analysis of Extracellular Vesicle Uptake and Fusion with Recipient Cells. Bioconjug Chem 2022; 33:1852-1859. [PMID: 36194183 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.2c00307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In precision medicine, extracellular vesicles (EVs) are promising intracellular drug delivery vehicles. The development of a quantitative analysis approach will provide valuable information from the perspective of cell biology and system design for drug delivery. Previous studies have reported quantitative methods to analyze the relative uptake or fusion of EVs to recipient cells. However, relatively few methods have enabled the simultaneous evaluation of the "number" of EVs taken up by recipient cells and those that fuse with cellular membranes. In this study, we report a simple quantitative method based on the NanoBiT system to quantify the uptake and fusion of small and large EVs (sEVs and lEVs, respectively). We assessed the abundance of these two subtypes of EVs and determined that lEVs may be more effective vehicles for transporting cargo to recipient cells. The results also indicated that both sEVs and lEVs have very low fusogenic activity, which can be improved in the presence of a fusogenic protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisaaki Hirose
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto611-0011, Japan
| | - Yusuke Hirai
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto611-0011, Japan
| | - Michihito Sasaki
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido001-0020, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Sawa
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido001-0020, Japan
| | - Shiroh Futaki
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto611-0011, Japan
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26
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Abdalla H, Aharonian F, Benkhali FA, Angüner EO, Armand C, Ashkar H, Backes M, Baghmanyan V, Martins VB, Batzofin R, Becherini Y, Berge D, Bernlöhr K, Bi B, Böttcher M, Bolmont J, de Lavergne MDB, Brose R, Brun F, Cangemi F, Caroff S, Cerruti M, Chand T, Chen A, Cotter G, Mbarubucyeye JD, Devin J, Djannati-Ataï A, Dmytriiev A, Doroshenko V, Egberts K, Fiasson A, de Clairfontaine GF, Fontaine G, Funk S, Gabici S, Giavitto G, Glawion D, Glicenstein JF, Grondin MH, Hinton JA, Hofmann W, Holch TL, Holler M, Horns D, Huang Z, Jamrozy M, Jankowsky F, Kasai E, Katarzyński K, Katz U, Khélifi B, Kluźniak W, Komin N, Kosack K, Kostunin D, Lamanna G, Lemoine-Goumard M, Lenain JP, Leuschner F, Lohse T, Luashvili A, Lypova I, Mackey J, Malyshev D, Malyshev D, Marandon V, Marchegiani P, Martí-Devesa G, Marx R, Maurin G, Meyer M, Mitchell A, Moderski R, Montanari A, Moulin E, Muller J, de Naurois M, Niemiec J, Noel AP, Ohm S, Olivera-Nieto L, Wilhelmi EDO, Ostrowski M, Panny S, Panter M, Parsons RD, Peron G, Poireau V, Prokoph H, Pühlhofer G, Punch M, Quirrenbach A, Reichherzer P, Reimer A, Reimer O, Renaud M, Rieger F, Rowell G, Rudak B, Ricarte HR, Ruiz-Velasco E, Sahakian V, Salzmann H, Santangelo A, Sasaki M, Schüssler F, Schutte HM, Schwanke U, Senniappan M, Shapopi JNS, Sol H, Specovius A, Spencer S, Stawarz Ł, Stegmann C, Steinmassl S, Steppa C, Takahashi T, Tanaka T, Terrier R, Thorpe-Morgan C, Tluczykont M, Tsirou M, Tsuji N, Uchiyama Y, van Eldik C, Veh J, Vink J, Wagner SJ, White R, Wierzcholska A, Wong YW, Zacharias M, Zargaryan D, Zdziarski AA, Zech A, Zhu SJ, Zouari S, Żywucka N. Search for Dark Matter Annihilation Signals in the H.E.S.S. Inner Galaxy Survey. Phys Rev Lett 2022; 129:111101. [PMID: 36154418 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.111101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The central region of the Milky Way is one of the foremost locations to look for dark matter (DM) signatures. We report the first results on a search for DM particle annihilation signals using new observations from an unprecedented γ-ray survey of the Galactic Center (GC) region, i.e., the Inner Galaxy Survey, at very high energies (≳100 GeV) performed with the H.E.S.S. array of five ground-based Cherenkov telescopes. No significant γ-ray excess is found in the search region of the 2014-2020 dataset and a profile likelihood ratio analysis is carried out to set exclusion limits on the annihilation cross section ⟨σv⟩. Assuming Einasto and Navarro-Frenk-White (NFW) DM density profiles at the GC, these constraints are the strongest obtained so far in the TeV DM mass range. For the Einasto profile, the constraints reach ⟨σv⟩ values of 3.7×10^{-26} cm^{3} s^{-1} for 1.5 TeV DM mass in the W^{+}W^{-} annihilation channel, and 1.2×10^{-26} cm^{3} s^{-1} for 0.7 TeV DM mass in the τ^{+}τ^{-} annihilation channel. With the H.E.S.S. Inner Galaxy Survey, ground-based γ-ray observations thus probe ⟨σv⟩ values expected from thermal-relic annihilating TeV DM particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Abdalla
- University of Namibia, Department of Physics, Private Bag 13301, Windhoek 10005, Namibia
| | - F Aharonian
- Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, 31 Fitzwilliam Place, D02 XF86 Dublin 2, Ireland
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- High Energy Astrophysics Laboratory, RAU, 123 Hovsep Emin St Yerevan 0051, Armenia
| | - F Ait Benkhali
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - E O Angüner
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France
| | - C Armand
- Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules-IN2P3, 74000 Annecy, France
| | - H Ashkar
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - M Backes
- University of Namibia, Department of Physics, Private Bag 13301, Windhoek 10005, Namibia
- Centre for Space Research, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - V Baghmanyan
- Instytut Fizyki Jádrowej PAN, ulica Radzikowskiego 152, 31-342 Kraków, Poland
| | | | - R Batzofin
- School of Physics, University of the Witwatersrand, 1 Jan Smuts Avenue, Braamfontein, Johannesburg, 2050 South Africa
| | - Y Becherini
- Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering, Linnaeus University, 351 95 Växjö, Sweden
| | - D Berge
- DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany
| | - K Bernlöhr
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - B Bi
- Institut für Astronomie und Astrophysik, Universität Tübingen, Sand 1, D 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - M Böttcher
- Centre for Space Research, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - J Bolmont
- Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, LPNHE, 4 Place Jussieu, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - M de Bony de Lavergne
- Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules-IN2P3, 74000 Annecy, France
| | - R Brose
- Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, 31 Fitzwilliam Place, D02 XF86 Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - F Brun
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - F Cangemi
- Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, LPNHE, 4 Place Jussieu, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - S Caroff
- Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, LPNHE, 4 Place Jussieu, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - M Cerruti
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - T Chand
- Centre for Space Research, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - A Chen
- School of Physics, University of the Witwatersrand, 1 Jan Smuts Avenue, Braamfontein, Johannesburg, 2050 South Africa
| | - G Cotter
- University of Oxford, Department of Physics, Denys Wilkinson Building, Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3RH, United Kingdom
| | | | - J Devin
- Université Bordeaux, CNRS/IN2P3, Centre d'Études Nucléaires de Bordeaux Gradignan, 33175 Gradignan, France
| | - A Djannati-Ataï
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - A Dmytriiev
- Laboratoire Univers et Théories, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, Université de Paris, 92190 Meudon, France
| | - V Doroshenko
- Institut für Astronomie und Astrophysik, Universität Tübingen, Sand 1, D 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - K Egberts
- Institut für Physik und Astronomie, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse 24/25, D 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - A Fiasson
- Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules-IN2P3, 74000 Annecy, France
| | - G Fichet de Clairfontaine
- Laboratoire Univers et Théories, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, Université de Paris, 92190 Meudon, France
| | - G Fontaine
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, École Polytechnique, CNRS, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, F-91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - S Funk
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Erwin-Rommel-Str. 1, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - S Gabici
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, F-75013 Paris, France
| | | | - D Glawion
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Erwin-Rommel-Str. 1, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - J F Glicenstein
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - M-H Grondin
- Université Bordeaux, CNRS/IN2P3, Centre d'Études Nucléaires de Bordeaux Gradignan, 33175 Gradignan, France
| | - J A Hinton
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - W Hofmann
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - M Holler
- Institut für Astro- und Teilchenphysik, Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - D Horns
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Zhiqiu Huang
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M Jamrozy
- Obserwatorium Astronomiczne, Uniwersytet Jagielloński, ulica Orla 171, 30-244 Kraków, Poland
| | - F Jankowsky
- Landessternwarte, Universität Heidelberg, Königstuhl, D 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - E Kasai
- University of Namibia, Department of Physics, Private Bag 13301, Windhoek 10005, Namibia
| | - K Katarzyński
- Institute of Astronomy, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Grudziadzka 5, 87-100 Torun, Poland
| | - U Katz
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Erwin-Rommel-Str. 1, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - B Khélifi
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - W Kluźniak
- Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center, Polish Academy of Sciences, ulica Bartycka 18, 00-716 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Nu Komin
- School of Physics, University of the Witwatersrand, 1 Jan Smuts Avenue, Braamfontein, Johannesburg, 2050 South Africa
| | - K Kosack
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | | | - G Lamanna
- Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules-IN2P3, 74000 Annecy, France
| | - M Lemoine-Goumard
- Université Bordeaux, CNRS/IN2P3, Centre d'Études Nucléaires de Bordeaux Gradignan, 33175 Gradignan, France
| | - J-P Lenain
- Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, LPNHE, 4 Place Jussieu, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - F Leuschner
- Institut für Astronomie und Astrophysik, Universität Tübingen, Sand 1, D 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - T Lohse
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - A Luashvili
- Laboratoire Univers et Théories, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, Université de Paris, 92190 Meudon, France
| | - I Lypova
- Landessternwarte, Universität Heidelberg, Königstuhl, D 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - J Mackey
- Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, 31 Fitzwilliam Place, D02 XF86 Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - D Malyshev
- Institut für Astronomie und Astrophysik, Universität Tübingen, Sand 1, D 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - D Malyshev
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Erwin-Rommel-Str. 1, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - V Marandon
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - P Marchegiani
- School of Physics, University of the Witwatersrand, 1 Jan Smuts Avenue, Braamfontein, Johannesburg, 2050 South Africa
| | - G Martí-Devesa
- Institut für Astro- und Teilchenphysik, Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - R Marx
- Landessternwarte, Universität Heidelberg, Königstuhl, D 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - G Maurin
- Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules-IN2P3, 74000 Annecy, France
| | - M Meyer
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Erwin-Rommel-Str. 1, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - A Mitchell
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - R Moderski
- Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center, Polish Academy of Sciences, ulica Bartycka 18, 00-716 Warsaw, Poland
| | - A Montanari
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - E Moulin
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - J Muller
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, École Polytechnique, CNRS, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, F-91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - M de Naurois
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, École Polytechnique, CNRS, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, F-91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - J Niemiec
- Instytut Fizyki Jádrowej PAN, ulica Radzikowskiego 152, 31-342 Kraków, Poland
| | - A Priyana Noel
- Obserwatorium Astronomiczne, Uniwersytet Jagielloński, ulica Orla 171, 30-244 Kraków, Poland
| | - S Ohm
- DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany
| | - L Olivera-Nieto
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - M Ostrowski
- Obserwatorium Astronomiczne, Uniwersytet Jagielloński, ulica Orla 171, 30-244 Kraków, Poland
| | - S Panny
- Institut für Astro- und Teilchenphysik, Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - M Panter
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - R D Parsons
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - G Peron
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - V Poireau
- Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules-IN2P3, 74000 Annecy, France
| | | | - G Pühlhofer
- Institut für Astronomie und Astrophysik, Universität Tübingen, Sand 1, D 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - M Punch
- Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering, Linnaeus University, 351 95 Växjö, Sweden
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - A Quirrenbach
- Landessternwarte, Universität Heidelberg, Königstuhl, D 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - P Reichherzer
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - A Reimer
- Institut für Astro- und Teilchenphysik, Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - O Reimer
- Institut für Astro- und Teilchenphysik, Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - M Renaud
- Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier, Université Montpellier, CNRS/IN2P3, CC 72, Place Eugène Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - F Rieger
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - G Rowell
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia
| | - B Rudak
- Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center, Polish Academy of Sciences, ulica Bartycka 18, 00-716 Warsaw, Poland
| | - H Rueda Ricarte
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - E Ruiz-Velasco
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - V Sahakian
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
| | - H Salzmann
- Institut für Astronomie und Astrophysik, Universität Tübingen, Sand 1, D 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - A Santangelo
- Institut für Astronomie und Astrophysik, Universität Tübingen, Sand 1, D 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - M Sasaki
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Erwin-Rommel-Str. 1, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - F Schüssler
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - H M Schutte
- Centre for Space Research, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - U Schwanke
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - M Senniappan
- Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering, Linnaeus University, 351 95 Växjö, Sweden
| | - J N S Shapopi
- University of Namibia, Department of Physics, Private Bag 13301, Windhoek 10005, Namibia
| | - H Sol
- Laboratoire Univers et Théories, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, Université de Paris, 92190 Meudon, France
| | - A Specovius
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Erwin-Rommel-Str. 1, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - S Spencer
- University of Oxford, Department of Physics, Denys Wilkinson Building, Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3RH, United Kingdom
| | - Ł Stawarz
- Obserwatorium Astronomiczne, Uniwersytet Jagielloński, ulica Orla 171, 30-244 Kraków, Poland
| | - C Stegmann
- DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany
- Institut für Physik und Astronomie, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse 24/25, D 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - S Steinmassl
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - C Steppa
- Institut für Physik und Astronomie, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse 24/25, D 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - T Takahashi
- Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study (UTIAS), The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwa-no-Ha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8583, Japan
| | - T Tanaka
- Department of Physics, Konan University, 8-9-1 Okamoto, Higashinada, Kobe, Hyogo 658-8501, Japan
| | - R Terrier
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - C Thorpe-Morgan
- Institut für Astronomie und Astrophysik, Universität Tübingen, Sand 1, D 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - M Tluczykont
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - M Tsirou
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - N Tsuji
- RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Y Uchiyama
- Department of Physics, Rikkyo University, 3-34-1 Nishi-Ikebukuro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo 171-8501, Japan
| | - C van Eldik
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Erwin-Rommel-Str. 1, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - J Veh
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Erwin-Rommel-Str. 1, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - J Vink
- GRAPPA, Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - S J Wagner
- Landessternwarte, Universität Heidelberg, Königstuhl, D 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - R White
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A Wierzcholska
- Instytut Fizyki Jádrowej PAN, ulica Radzikowskiego 152, 31-342 Kraków, Poland
| | - Yu Wun Wong
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Erwin-Rommel-Str. 1, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - M Zacharias
- Laboratoire Univers et Théories, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, Université de Paris, 92190 Meudon, France
| | - D Zargaryan
- Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, 31 Fitzwilliam Place, D02 XF86 Dublin 2, Ireland
- High Energy Astrophysics Laboratory, RAU, 123 Hovsep Emin St Yerevan 0051, Armenia
| | - A A Zdziarski
- Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center, Polish Academy of Sciences, ulica Bartycka 18, 00-716 Warsaw, Poland
| | - A Zech
- Laboratoire Univers et Théories, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, Université de Paris, 92190 Meudon, France
| | - S J Zhu
- DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany
| | - S Zouari
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - N Żywucka
- Centre for Space Research, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
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27
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Toba S, Sato A, Kawai M, Taoda Y, Unoh Y, Kusakabe S, Nobori H, Uehara S, Uemura K, Taniguchi K, Kobayashi M, Noshi T, Yoshida R, Naito A, Shishido T, Maruyama J, Paessler S, Carr MJ, Hall WW, Yoshimatsu K, Arikawa J, Matsuno K, Sakoda Y, Sasaki M, Orba Y, Sawa H, Kida H. Identification of cap-dependent endonuclease inhibitors with broad-spectrum activity against bunyaviruses. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2206104119. [PMID: 36037386 PMCID: PMC9457168 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2206104119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Viral hemorrhagic fevers caused by members of the order Bunyavirales comprise endemic and emerging human infections that are significant public health concerns. Despite the disease severity, there are few therapeutic options available, and therefore effective antiviral drugs are urgently needed to reduce disease burdens. Bunyaviruses, like influenza viruses (IFVs), possess a cap-dependent endonuclease (CEN) that mediates the critical cap-snatching step of viral RNA transcription. We screened compounds from our CEN inhibitor (CENi) library and identified specific structural compounds that are 100 to 1,000 times more active in vitro than ribavirin against bunyaviruses, including Lassa virus, lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV), and Junin virus. To investigate their inhibitory mechanism of action, drug-resistant viruses were selected in culture. Whole-genome sequencing revealed that amino acid substitutions in the CEN region of drug-resistant viruses were located in similar positions as those of the CEN α3-helix loop of IFVs derived under drug selection. Thus, our studies suggest that CENi compounds inhibit both bunyavirus and IFV replication in a mechanistically similar manner. Structural analysis revealed that the side chain of the carboxyl group at the seventh position of the main structure of the compound was essential for the high antiviral activity against bunyaviruses. In LCMV-infected mice, the compounds significantly decreased blood viral load, suppressed symptoms such as thrombocytopenia and hepatic dysfunction, and improved survival rates. These data suggest a potential broad-spectrum clinical utility of CENis for the treatment of both severe influenza and hemorrhagic diseases caused by bunyaviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinsuke Toba
- Shionogi & Co., Ltd., Osaka 561-0825, Japan
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0020, Japan
| | - Akihiko Sato
- Shionogi & Co., Ltd., Osaka 561-0825, Japan
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0020, Japan
| | | | | | - Yuto Unoh
- Shionogi & Co., Ltd., Osaka 561-0825, Japan
| | - Shinji Kusakabe
- Shionogi & Co., Ltd., Osaka 561-0825, Japan
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0020, Japan
| | | | | | - Kentaro Uemura
- Shionogi & Co., Ltd., Osaka 561-0825, Japan
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0020, Japan
| | - Keiichi Taniguchi
- Shionogi & Co., Ltd., Osaka 561-0825, Japan
- Department of Disease Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Junki Maruyama
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555
| | - Slobodan Paessler
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555
| | - Michael J. Carr
- International Collaboration Unit, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0020, Japan
- National Virus Reference Laboratory, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - William W. Hall
- International Collaboration Unit, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0020, Japan
- National Virus Reference Laboratory, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Global Virus Network, Baltimore, MD 21201
| | - Kumiko Yoshimatsu
- Laboratory of Animal Experimentation, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0815, Japan
| | - Jiro Arikawa
- Office for Biosafety Auditor, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan
| | - Keita Matsuno
- International Collaboration Unit, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0020, Japan
- Division of Risk Analysis and Management, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0020, Japan
- One Health Research Center, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0020, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Sakoda
- Department of Disease Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
- International Collaboration Unit, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0020, Japan
| | - Michihito Sasaki
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0020, Japan
| | - Yasuko Orba
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0020, Japan
- International Collaboration Unit, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0020, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Sawa
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0020, Japan
- International Collaboration Unit, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0020, Japan
- Global Virus Network, Baltimore, MD 21201
- One Health Research Center, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0020, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kida
- International Collaboration Unit, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0020, Japan
- Division of Biologics Development, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0020, Japan
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28
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Adriani O, Akaike Y, Asano K, Asaoka Y, Berti E, Bigongiari G, Binns WR, Bongi M, Brogi P, Bruno A, Buckley JH, Cannady N, Castellini G, Checchia C, Cherry ML, Collazuol G, Ebisawa K, Ficklin AW, Fuke H, Gonzi S, Guzik TG, Hams T, Hibino K, Ichimura M, Ioka K, Ishizaki W, Israel MH, Kasahara K, Kataoka J, Kataoka R, Katayose Y, Kato C, Kawanaka N, Kawakubo Y, Kobayashi K, Kohri K, Krawczynski HS, Krizmanic JF, Maestro P, Marrocchesi PS, Messineo AM, Mitchell JW, Miyake S, Moiseev AA, Mori M, Mori N, Motz HM, Munakata K, Nakahira S, Nishimura J, de Nolfo GA, Okuno S, Ormes JF, Ozawa S, Pacini L, Papini P, Rauch BF, Ricciarini SB, Sakai K, Sakamoto T, Sasaki M, Shimizu Y, Shiomi A, Spillantini P, Stolzi F, Sugita S, Sulaj A, Takita M, Tamura T, Terasawa T, Torii S, Tsunesada Y, Uchihori Y, Vannuccini E, Wefel JP, Yamaoka K, Yanagita S, Yoshida A, Yoshida K, Zober WV. Observation of Spectral Structures in the Flux of Cosmic-Ray Protons from 50 GeV to 60 TeV with the Calorimetric Electron Telescope on the International Space Station. Phys Rev Lett 2022; 129:101102. [PMID: 36112450 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.101102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A precise measurement of the cosmic-ray proton spectrum with the Calorimetric Electron Telescope (CALET) is presented in the energy interval from 50 GeV to 60 TeV, and the observation of a softening of the spectrum above 10 TeV is reported. The analysis is based on the data collected during ∼6.2 years of smooth operations aboard the International Space Station and covers a broader energy range with respect to the previous proton flux measurement by CALET, with an increase of the available statistics by a factor of ∼2.2. Above a few hundred GeV we confirm our previous observation of a progressive spectral hardening with a higher significance (more than 20 sigma). In the multi-TeV region we observe a second spectral feature with a softening around 10 TeV and a spectral index change from -2.6 to -2.9 consistently, within the errors, with the shape of the spectrum reported by DAMPE. We apply a simultaneous fit of the proton differential spectrum which well reproduces the gradual change of the spectral index encompassing the lower energy power-law regime and the two spectral features observed at higher energies.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Adriani
- Department of Physics, University of Florence, Via Sansone, 1-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- INFN Sezione di Florence, Via Sansone, 1-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Y Akaike
- Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 17 Kikuicho, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-0044, Japan
- JEM Utilization Center, Human Spaceflight Technology Directorate, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, 2-1-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8505, Japan
| | - K Asano
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwa-no-Ha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8582, Japan
| | - Y Asaoka
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwa-no-Ha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8582, Japan
| | - E Berti
- Department of Physics, University of Florence, Via Sansone, 1-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- INFN Sezione di Florence, Via Sansone, 1-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - G Bigongiari
- Department of Physical Sciences, Earth and Environment, University of Siena, via Roma 56, 53100 Siena, Italy
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, Polo Fibonacci, Largo B. Pontecorvo, 3-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - W R Binns
- Department of Physics and McDonnell Center for the Space Sciences, Washington University, One Brookings Drive, St. Louis, Missouri 63130-4899, USA
| | - M Bongi
- Department of Physics, University of Florence, Via Sansone, 1-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- INFN Sezione di Florence, Via Sansone, 1-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - P Brogi
- Department of Physical Sciences, Earth and Environment, University of Siena, via Roma 56, 53100 Siena, Italy
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, Polo Fibonacci, Largo B. Pontecorvo, 3-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - A Bruno
- Heliospheric Physics Laboratory, NASA/GSFC, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
| | - J H Buckley
- Department of Physics and McDonnell Center for the Space Sciences, Washington University, One Brookings Drive, St. Louis, Missouri 63130-4899, USA
| | - N Cannady
- Center for Space Sciences and Technology, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, Maryland 21250, USA
- Astroparticle Physics Laboratory, NASA/GSFC, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
- Center for Research and Exploration in Space Sciences and Technology, NASA/GSFC, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
| | - G Castellini
- Institute of Applied Physics (IFAC), National Research Council (CNR), Via Madonna del Piano, 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - C Checchia
- Department of Physical Sciences, Earth and Environment, University of Siena, via Roma 56, 53100 Siena, Italy
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, Polo Fibonacci, Largo B. Pontecorvo, 3-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - M L Cherry
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Louisiana State University, 202 Nicholson Hall, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
| | - G Collazuol
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Padova, Via Marzolo, 8, 35131 Padova, Italy
- INFN Sezione di Padova, Via Marzolo, 8, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - K Ebisawa
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Chuo, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5210, Japan
| | - A W Ficklin
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Louisiana State University, 202 Nicholson Hall, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
| | - H Fuke
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Chuo, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5210, Japan
| | - S Gonzi
- Department of Physics, University of Florence, Via Sansone, 1-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- INFN Sezione di Florence, Via Sansone, 1-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - T G Guzik
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Louisiana State University, 202 Nicholson Hall, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
| | - T Hams
- Center for Space Sciences and Technology, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, Maryland 21250, USA
| | - K Hibino
- Kanagawa University, 3-27-1 Rokkakubashi, Kanagawa, Yokohama, Kanagawa 221-8686, Japan
| | - M Ichimura
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Hirosaki University, 3, Bunkyo, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8561, Japan
| | - K Ioka
- Yukawa Institute for Theoretical Physics, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - W Ishizaki
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwa-no-Ha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8582, Japan
| | - M H Israel
- Department of Physics and McDonnell Center for the Space Sciences, Washington University, One Brookings Drive, St. Louis, Missouri 63130-4899, USA
| | - K Kasahara
- Department of Electronic Information Systems, Shibaura Institute of Technology, 307 Fukasaku, Minuma, Saitama 337-8570, Japan
| | - J Kataoka
- School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| | - R Kataoka
- National Institute of Polar Research, 10-3, Midori-cho, Tachikawa, Tokyo 190-8518, Japan
| | - Y Katayose
- Faculty of Engineering, Division of Intelligent Systems Engineering, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan
| | - C Kato
- Faculty of Science, Shinshu University, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621, Japan
| | - N Kawanaka
- Yukawa Institute for Theoretical Physics, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Y Kawakubo
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Louisiana State University, 202 Nicholson Hall, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
| | - K Kobayashi
- Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 17 Kikuicho, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-0044, Japan
- JEM Utilization Center, Human Spaceflight Technology Directorate, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, 2-1-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8505, Japan
| | - K Kohri
- Institute of Particle and Nuclear Studies, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, 1-1 Oho, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
| | - H S Krawczynski
- Department of Physics and McDonnell Center for the Space Sciences, Washington University, One Brookings Drive, St. Louis, Missouri 63130-4899, USA
| | - J F Krizmanic
- Astroparticle Physics Laboratory, NASA/GSFC, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
| | - P Maestro
- Department of Physical Sciences, Earth and Environment, University of Siena, via Roma 56, 53100 Siena, Italy
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, Polo Fibonacci, Largo B. Pontecorvo, 3-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - P S Marrocchesi
- Department of Physical Sciences, Earth and Environment, University of Siena, via Roma 56, 53100 Siena, Italy
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, Polo Fibonacci, Largo B. Pontecorvo, 3-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - A M Messineo
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, Polo Fibonacci, Largo B. Pontecorvo, 3-56127 Pisa, Italy
- University of Pisa, Polo Fibonacci, Largo B. Pontecorvo, 3-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - J W Mitchell
- Astroparticle Physics Laboratory, NASA/GSFC, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
| | - S Miyake
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Systems Engineering, National Institute of Technology (KOSEN), Ibaraki College, 866 Nakane, Hitachinaka, Ibaraki 312-8508, Japan
| | - A A Moiseev
- Astroparticle Physics Laboratory, NASA/GSFC, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
- Center for Research and Exploration in Space Sciences and Technology, NASA/GSFC, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
- Department of Astronomy, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - M Mori
- Department of Physical Sciences, College of Science and Engineering, Ritsumeikan University, Shiga 525-8577, Japan
| | - N Mori
- INFN Sezione di Florence, Via Sansone, 1-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - H M Motz
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Global Center for Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| | - K Munakata
- Faculty of Science, Shinshu University, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621, Japan
| | - S Nakahira
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Chuo, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5210, Japan
| | - J Nishimura
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Chuo, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5210, Japan
| | - G A de Nolfo
- Heliospheric Physics Laboratory, NASA/GSFC, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
| | - S Okuno
- Kanagawa University, 3-27-1 Rokkakubashi, Kanagawa, Yokohama, Kanagawa 221-8686, Japan
| | - J F Ormes
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Denver, Physics Building, Room 211, 2112 East Wesley Avenue, Denver, Colorado 80208-6900, USA
| | - S Ozawa
- Quantum ICT Advanced Development Center, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, 4-2-1 Nukui-Kitamachi, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8795, Japan
| | - L Pacini
- Department of Physics, University of Florence, Via Sansone, 1-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- INFN Sezione di Florence, Via Sansone, 1-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- Institute of Applied Physics (IFAC), National Research Council (CNR), Via Madonna del Piano, 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - P Papini
- INFN Sezione di Florence, Via Sansone, 1-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - B F Rauch
- Department of Physics and McDonnell Center for the Space Sciences, Washington University, One Brookings Drive, St. Louis, Missouri 63130-4899, USA
| | - S B Ricciarini
- INFN Sezione di Florence, Via Sansone, 1-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- Institute of Applied Physics (IFAC), National Research Council (CNR), Via Madonna del Piano, 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - K Sakai
- Center for Space Sciences and Technology, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, Maryland 21250, USA
- Astroparticle Physics Laboratory, NASA/GSFC, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
- Center for Research and Exploration in Space Sciences and Technology, NASA/GSFC, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
| | - T Sakamoto
- College of Science and Engineering, Department of Physics and Mathematics, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Chuo, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
| | - M Sasaki
- Astroparticle Physics Laboratory, NASA/GSFC, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
- Center for Research and Exploration in Space Sciences and Technology, NASA/GSFC, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
- Department of Astronomy, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Y Shimizu
- Kanagawa University, 3-27-1 Rokkakubashi, Kanagawa, Yokohama, Kanagawa 221-8686, Japan
| | - A Shiomi
- College of Industrial Technology, Nihon University, 1-2-1 Izumi, Narashino, Chiba 275-8575, Japan
| | - P Spillantini
- Department of Physics, University of Florence, Via Sansone, 1-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - F Stolzi
- Department of Physical Sciences, Earth and Environment, University of Siena, via Roma 56, 53100 Siena, Italy
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, Polo Fibonacci, Largo B. Pontecorvo, 3-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - S Sugita
- College of Science and Engineering, Department of Physics and Mathematics, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Chuo, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
| | - A Sulaj
- Department of Physical Sciences, Earth and Environment, University of Siena, via Roma 56, 53100 Siena, Italy
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, Polo Fibonacci, Largo B. Pontecorvo, 3-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - M Takita
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwa-no-Ha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8582, Japan
| | - T Tamura
- Kanagawa University, 3-27-1 Rokkakubashi, Kanagawa, Yokohama, Kanagawa 221-8686, Japan
| | - T Terasawa
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwa-no-Ha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8582, Japan
| | - S Torii
- Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 17 Kikuicho, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-0044, Japan
| | - Y Tsunesada
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
- Nambu Yoichiro Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics, Osaka Metropolitan University, Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - Y Uchihori
- National Institutes for Quantum and Radiation Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - E Vannuccini
- INFN Sezione di Florence, Via Sansone, 1-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - J P Wefel
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Louisiana State University, 202 Nicholson Hall, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
| | - K Yamaoka
- Nagoya University, Furo, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - S Yanagita
- College of Science, Ibaraki University, 2-1-1 Bunkyo, Mito, Ibaraki 310-8512, Japan
| | - A Yoshida
- College of Science and Engineering, Department of Physics and Mathematics, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Chuo, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
| | - K Yoshida
- Department of Electronic Information Systems, Shibaura Institute of Technology, 307 Fukasaku, Minuma, Saitama 337-8570, Japan
| | - W V Zober
- Department of Physics and McDonnell Center for the Space Sciences, Washington University, One Brookings Drive, St. Louis, Missouri 63130-4899, USA
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Ueno M, Morizane C, Ikeda M, Ozaka M, Nagashima F, Kataoka T, Mizusawa J, Ohba A, Kobayashi S, Imaoka H, Kasuga A, Okano N, Nagasaka Y, K. Kurishita, Tomatsuri S, Sasaki M, Shibata T, Nakamura K, Furuse J, Okusaka T. 64P Phase I/II study of nivolumab plus lenvatinib for advanced biliary tract cancer (JCOG1808/NCCH1817, SNIPE). Ann Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2022.07.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
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30
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Takeda R, Sawa H, Sasaki M, Orba Y, Maishi N, Tsumita T, Ushijima N, Hida Y, Sano H, Kitagawa Y, Hida K. Antiviral effect of cetylpyridinium chloride in mouthwash on SARS-CoV-2. Sci Rep 2022; 12:14050. [PMID: 35982118 PMCID: PMC9386671 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-18367-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC), a quaternary ammonium compound, which is present in mouthwash, is effective against bacteria, fungi, and enveloped viruses. This study was conducted to explore the antiviral effect of CPC on SARS-CoV-2. There are few reports on the effect of CPC against wild-type SARS-CoV-2 at low concentrations such as 0.001%–0.005% (10–50 µg/mL). Interestingly, we found that low concentrations of CPC suppressed the infectivity of human isolated SARS-CoV-2 strains (Wuhan, Alpha, Beta, and Gamma) even in saliva. Furthermore, we demonstrated that CPC shows anti-SARS-CoV-2 effects without disrupting the virus envelope, using sucrose density analysis and electron microscopic examination. In conclusion, this study provided experimental evidence that CPC may inhibit SARS-CoV-2 infection even at lower concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Takeda
- Vascular Biology and Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Dental Medicine and Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.,Oral Diagnosis and Medicine, Faculty of Dental Medicine and Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Sawa
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.,International Collaboration Unit, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.,One Health Research Center, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Michihito Sasaki
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yasuko Orba
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.,International Collaboration Unit, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Nako Maishi
- Vascular Biology and Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Dental Medicine and Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takuya Tsumita
- Vascular Biology and Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Dental Medicine and Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Natsumi Ushijima
- Support Section for Education and Research, Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Hida
- Community Service and Welfare Network, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hidehiko Sano
- Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine and Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yoshimasa Kitagawa
- Oral Diagnosis and Medicine, Faculty of Dental Medicine and Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kyoko Hida
- Vascular Biology and Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Dental Medicine and Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
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31
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Intaruck K, Itakura Y, Kishimoto M, Chambaro HM, Setiyono A, Handharyani E, Uemura K, Harima H, Taniguchi S, Saijo M, Kimura T, Orba Y, Sawa H, Sasaki M. Isolation and characterization of an orthoreovirus from Indonesian fruit bats. Virology 2022; 575:10-19. [PMID: 35987079 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2022.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Nelson Bay orthoreovirus (NBV) is an emerging bat-borne virus and causes respiratory tract infections in humans sporadically. Over the last two decades, several strains genetically related to NBV were isolated from humans and various bat species, predominantly in Southeast Asia (SEA), suggesting a high prevalence of the NBV species in this region. In this study, an orthoreovirus (ORV) belonging to the NBV species was isolated from Indonesian fruit bats' feces, tentatively named Paguyaman orthoreovirus (PgORV). Serological studies revealed that 81.2% (108/133) of Indonesian fruit bats sera had neutralizing antibodies against PgORV. Whole-genome sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of PgORV suggested the occurrence of past reassortments with other NBV strains isolated in SEA, indicating the dispersal and circulation of NBV species among bats in this region. Intranasal PgORV inoculation of laboratory mice caused severe pneumonia. Our study characterized PgORV's unique genetic background and highlighted the potential risk of PgORV-related diseases in Indonesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kittiya Intaruck
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yukari Itakura
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Mai Kishimoto
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Herman M Chambaro
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Agus Setiyono
- Department of Veterinary Clinic, Reproduction and Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Ekowati Handharyani
- Department of Veterinary Clinic, Reproduction and Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Kentaro Uemura
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; Drug Discovery and Disease Research Laboratory, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan; Laboratory of Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hayato Harima
- Division of International Research Promotion, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Taniguchi
- Department of Virology 1, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masayuki Saijo
- Department of Virology 1, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Kimura
- Laboratory of Comparative Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yasuko Orba
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; International Collaboration Unit, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Sawa
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; Division of International Research Promotion, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; International Collaboration Unit, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; One Health Research Center, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; Global Virus Network, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Michihito Sasaki
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
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Minagawa H, Sawa H, Fujita T, Kato S, Inaguma A, Hirose M, Orba Y, Sasaki M, Tabata K, Nomura N, Shingai M, Suzuki Y, Horii K. A high-affinity aptamer with base-appended base-modified DNA bound to isolated authentic SARS-CoV-2 strains wild-type and B.1.617.2 (delta variant). Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 614:207-212. [PMID: 35617879 PMCID: PMC9060713 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.04.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Simple, highly sensitive detection technologies for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) are crucial for the effective implementation of public health policies. We used the systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment with a modified DNA library, including a base-appended base (uracil with a guanine base at its fifth position), to create an aptamer with a high affinity for the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein. The aptamer had a dissociation constant of 1.2 and < 1 nM for the RBD and spike trimer, respectively. Furthermore, enzyme-linked aptamer assays confirmed that the aptamer binds to isolated authentic SARS-CoV-2 wild-type and B.1.617.2 (delta variant). The binding signal was larger that of commercially available anti-SARS-CoV-2 RBD antibody. Thus, this aptamer as a sensing element will enable the highly sensitive detection of SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirotaka Minagawa
- NEC Solution Innovators, Ltd., 1-18-7, Shinkiba, Koto-ku, Tokyo, 136-8627, Japan.
| | - Hirofumi Sawa
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, N20, W10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 001-0020, Japan; International Collaboration Unit, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, N20, W10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 001-0020, Japan; One Health Research Center, Hokkaido University, N20, W10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 001-0020, Japan.
| | - Tomoko Fujita
- NEC Solution Innovators, Ltd., 1-18-7, Shinkiba, Koto-ku, Tokyo, 136-8627, Japan.
| | - Shintaro Kato
- NEC Solution Innovators, Ltd., 1-18-7, Shinkiba, Koto-ku, Tokyo, 136-8627, Japan.
| | - Asumi Inaguma
- NEC Solution Innovators, Ltd., 1-18-7, Shinkiba, Koto-ku, Tokyo, 136-8627, Japan.
| | - Miwako Hirose
- NEC Solution Innovators, Ltd., 1-18-7, Shinkiba, Koto-ku, Tokyo, 136-8627, Japan.
| | - Yasuko Orba
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, N20, W10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 001-0020, Japan; International Collaboration Unit, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, N20, W10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 001-0020, Japan.
| | - Michihito Sasaki
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, N20, W10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 001-0020, Japan.
| | - Koshiro Tabata
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, N20, W10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 001-0020, Japan.
| | - Naoki Nomura
- Laboratory for Biologics Development, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, N20, W10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 001-0020, Japan.
| | - Masashi Shingai
- International Collaboration Unit, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, N20, W10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 001-0020, Japan; Laboratory for Biologics Development, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, N20, W10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 001-0020, Japan.
| | - Yasuhiko Suzuki
- Division of Bioresource, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, N20, W10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 001-0020, Japan.
| | - Katsunori Horii
- NEC Solution Innovators, Ltd., 1-18-7, Shinkiba, Koto-ku, Tokyo, 136-8627, Japan.
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Sakai S, Kamada Y, Takano H, Ichikawa M, Kurimoto M, Katsuyama HK, Nishihira J, Sasaki M. Continuous partially hydrolyzed guar gum intake reduces cold-like symptoms: a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blinded trial in healthy adults. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2022; 26:5154-5163. [PMID: 35916813 DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202207_29304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Partially hydrolyzed guar gum (PHGG), a water-soluble dietary fiber produced by the controlled partial enzymatic hydrolysis of guar gum beans, has various physiological roles. PHGG is expected to influence the immune function and prevent infections. The objective of this study was to examine the effect of continuous ingestion of PHGG for 12 weeks on the development of cold-like symptoms. PATIENTS AND METHODS A placebo-controlled, double blind, randomized, parallel-group comparative study was conducted. 96 healthy Japanese adults received 5.2 g PHGG or placebo daily for 12 weeks. Cold-like symptoms were assessed based on patient diary, and the levels of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in stool and blood immune markers at baseline and at weeks 6 and 12. RESULTS The cumulative number of "no symptoms" days for all symptoms was significantly larger in the PHGG than in the placebo group. The result of the analysis by severity of cold-like symptoms also showed significant differences, with the PHGG group having a lower severity of cold-like symptoms. Propionic acid at weeks 6 and 12 and n-butyric acid and total SCFAs at week 12 were significantly higher in the PHGG than in the placebo group. The Interferon-γ level was significantly lower at week 6 in the PHGG than in the placebo group. CONCLUSIONS PHGG intake may affect immune function and suppress cold-like symptoms through the production of SCFAs in healthy adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Sakai
- Nestlé Health Science Company, Nestlé Japan Ltd, Shinagawa, Tokyo, Japan.
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Tsutsui S, Matsuda T, Takeda K, Sasaki M, Kubo Y, Setta K, Fujiwara S, Chida K, Ogasawara K. Assessment of Heating on Titanium Alloy Cerebral Aneurysm Clips during 7T MRI. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2022; 43:972-977. [PMID: 35738672 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a7561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Patients with cerebral aneurysms often undergo MR imaging after microsurgical clipping. Ultra-high-field MR imaging at 7T may provide high diagnostic capability in such clinical situations. However, titanium alloy clips have safety issues such as adverse interactions with static magnetic fields and radiofrequency-induced heating during 7T MR imaging. The purpose of this study was to quantitatively assess temperature increases on various types of titanium alloy aneurysm clips during 7T MR imaging. MATERIALS AND METHODS Five types of titanium alloy aneurysm clips were tested, including combinations of short, long, straight, angled, and fenestrated types. Each clip was set in a phantom filled with gelled saline mixed with polyacrylic acid and underwent 7T MR imaging with 3D T1WI with a spoiled gradient recalled acquisition in the steady-state technique. Temperature was chronologically measured at the tips of the clip blade and head, angled part of the clip, and 5 mm from the tip of the clip head using MR imaging-compatible fiber-optic thermometers. RESULTS Temperature increases at all locations for right-angled and short straight clips were <1°C. Temperature increases at the angled part for the 45° angled clip and the tip of the clip head for the straight fenestrated clip were >1°C. Temperature increases at all locations for the long straight clip were >2°C. CONCLUSIONS Temperature increases on the right-angled and short straight clips remained below the regulatory limit during 7T MR imaging, but temperature increases on the 45° angled, straight fenestrated, and long straight clips exceeded this limit.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Tsutsui
- From the Department of Neurosurgery (S.T., Y.K., K.S., S.F., K.C., K.O.)
| | - T Matsuda
- Division of Ultrahigh Field MRI (T.M., K.T., M.S.), Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Iwate Medical University School of Medicine, Morioka, Japan
| | - K Takeda
- Division of Ultrahigh Field MRI (T.M., K.T., M.S.), Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Iwate Medical University School of Medicine, Morioka, Japan
| | - M Sasaki
- Division of Ultrahigh Field MRI (T.M., K.T., M.S.), Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Iwate Medical University School of Medicine, Morioka, Japan
| | - Y Kubo
- From the Department of Neurosurgery (S.T., Y.K., K.S., S.F., K.C., K.O.)
| | - K Setta
- From the Department of Neurosurgery (S.T., Y.K., K.S., S.F., K.C., K.O.)
| | - S Fujiwara
- From the Department of Neurosurgery (S.T., Y.K., K.S., S.F., K.C., K.O.)
| | - K Chida
- From the Department of Neurosurgery (S.T., Y.K., K.S., S.F., K.C., K.O.)
| | - K Ogasawara
- From the Department of Neurosurgery (S.T., Y.K., K.S., S.F., K.C., K.O.)
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Yamasoba D, Kimura I, Nasser H, Morioka Y, Nao N, Ito J, Uriu K, Tsuda M, Zahradnik J, Shirakawa K, Suzuki R, Kishimoto M, Kosugi Y, Kobiyama K, Hara T, Toyoda M, Tanaka YL, Butlertanaka EP, Shimizu R, Ito H, Wang L, Oda Y, Orba Y, Sasaki M, Nagata K, Yoshimatsu K, Asakura H, Nagashima M, Sadamasu K, Yoshimura K, Kuramochi J, Seki M, Fujiki R, Kaneda A, Shimada T, Nakada TA, Sakao S, Suzuki T, Ueno T, Takaori-Kondo A, Ishii KJ, Schreiber G, Sawa H, Saito A, Irie T, Tanaka S, Matsuno K, Fukuhara T, Ikeda T, Sato K. Virological characteristics of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.2 spike. Cell 2022; 185:2103-2115.e19. [PMID: 35568035 DOI: 10.1101/2022.02.14.480335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Soon after the emergence and global spread of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron lineage BA.1, another Omicron lineage, BA.2, began outcompeting BA.1. The results of statistical analysis showed that the effective reproduction number of BA.2 is 1.4-fold higher than that of BA.1. Neutralization experiments revealed that immunity induced by COVID vaccines widely administered to human populations is not effective against BA.2, similar to BA.1, and that the antigenicity of BA.2 is notably different from that of BA.1. Cell culture experiments showed that the BA.2 spike confers higher replication efficacy in human nasal epithelial cells and is more efficient in mediating syncytia formation than the BA.1 spike. Furthermore, infection experiments using hamsters indicated that the BA.2 spike-bearing virus is more pathogenic than the BA.1 spike-bearing virus. Altogether, the results of our multiscale investigations suggest that the risk of BA.2 to global health is potentially higher than that of BA.1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daichi Yamasoba
- Division of Systems Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Faculty of Medicine, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Izumi Kimura
- Division of Systems Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hesham Nasser
- Division of Molecular Virology and Genetics, Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus infection, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan; Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Yuhei Morioka
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Naganori Nao
- Division of International Research Promotion, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; One Health Research Center, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Jumpei Ito
- Division of Systems Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keiya Uriu
- Division of Systems Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masumi Tsuda
- Department of Cancer Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Jiri Zahradnik
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Kotaro Shirakawa
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Rigel Suzuki
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Mai Kishimoto
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yusuke Kosugi
- Division of Systems Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Laboratory of Systems Virology, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kouji Kobiyama
- Division of Vaccine Science, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; International Vaccine Design Center, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Teppei Hara
- Division of Vaccine Science, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mako Toyoda
- Division of Infection and immunity, Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus infection, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yuri L Tanaka
- Department of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Erika P Butlertanaka
- Department of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Ryo Shimizu
- Division of Molecular Virology and Genetics, Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus infection, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Hayato Ito
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Cancer Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Oda
- Department of Cancer Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yasuko Orba
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; Department of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Michihito Sasaki
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; International Collaboration Unit, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kayoko Nagata
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | | | | | - Mami Nagashima
- Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenji Sadamasu
- Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | - Motoaki Seki
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Ryoji Fujiki
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kaneda
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tadanaga Shimada
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Taka-Aki Nakada
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Seiichiro Sakao
- Department of Respirology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takuji Suzuki
- Department of Respirology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takamasa Ueno
- Division of Infection and immunity, Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus infection, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Akifumi Takaori-Kondo
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ken J Ishii
- Division of Vaccine Science, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; International Vaccine Design Center, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Gideon Schreiber
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Hirofumi Sawa
- Division of International Research Promotion, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; One Health Research Center, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; Division of Molecular Pathobiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; International Collaboration Unit, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Akatsuki Saito
- Department of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan; Center for Animal Disease Control, University of Miyazaki, Chiba, Japan; Graduate School of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan.
| | - Takashi Irie
- Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.
| | - Shinya Tanaka
- Department of Cancer Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
| | - Keita Matsuno
- One Health Research Center, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; International Collaboration Unit, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; Division of Risk Analysis and Management, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
| | - Takasuke Fukuhara
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
| | - Terumasa Ikeda
- Division of Molecular Virology and Genetics, Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus infection, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.
| | - Kei Sato
- Division of Systems Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; International Vaccine Design Center, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi, Japan.
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36
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Yamasoba D, Kimura I, Nasser H, Morioka Y, Nao N, Ito J, Uriu K, Tsuda M, Zahradnik J, Shirakawa K, Suzuki R, Kishimoto M, Kosugi Y, Kobiyama K, Hara T, Toyoda M, Tanaka YL, Butlertanaka EP, Shimizu R, Ito H, Wang L, Oda Y, Orba Y, Sasaki M, Nagata K, Yoshimatsu K, Asakura H, Nagashima M, Sadamasu K, Yoshimura K, Kuramochi J, Seki M, Fujiki R, Kaneda A, Shimada T, Nakada TA, Sakao S, Suzuki T, Ueno T, Takaori-Kondo A, Ishii KJ, Schreiber G, Sawa H, Saito A, Irie T, Tanaka S, Matsuno K, Fukuhara T, Ikeda T, Sato K. Virological characteristics of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.2 spike. Cell 2022; 185:2103-2115.e19. [PMID: 35568035 PMCID: PMC9057982 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2022.04.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 87.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Soon after the emergence and global spread of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron lineage BA.1, another Omicron lineage, BA.2, began outcompeting BA.1. The results of statistical analysis showed that the effective reproduction number of BA.2 is 1.4-fold higher than that of BA.1. Neutralization experiments revealed that immunity induced by COVID vaccines widely administered to human populations is not effective against BA.2, similar to BA.1, and that the antigenicity of BA.2 is notably different from that of BA.1. Cell culture experiments showed that the BA.2 spike confers higher replication efficacy in human nasal epithelial cells and is more efficient in mediating syncytia formation than the BA.1 spike. Furthermore, infection experiments using hamsters indicated that the BA.2 spike-bearing virus is more pathogenic than the BA.1 spike-bearing virus. Altogether, the results of our multiscale investigations suggest that the risk of BA.2 to global health is potentially higher than that of BA.1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daichi Yamasoba
- Division of Systems Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Faculty of Medicine, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Izumi Kimura
- Division of Systems Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hesham Nasser
- Division of Molecular Virology and Genetics, Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus infection, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan; Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Yuhei Morioka
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Naganori Nao
- Division of International Research Promotion, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; One Health Research Center, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Jumpei Ito
- Division of Systems Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keiya Uriu
- Division of Systems Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masumi Tsuda
- Department of Cancer Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Jiri Zahradnik
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Kotaro Shirakawa
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Rigel Suzuki
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Mai Kishimoto
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yusuke Kosugi
- Division of Systems Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Laboratory of Systems Virology, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kouji Kobiyama
- Division of Vaccine Science, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; International Vaccine Design Center, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Teppei Hara
- Division of Vaccine Science, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mako Toyoda
- Division of Infection and immunity, Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus infection, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yuri L Tanaka
- Department of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Erika P Butlertanaka
- Department of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Ryo Shimizu
- Division of Molecular Virology and Genetics, Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus infection, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Hayato Ito
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Cancer Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Oda
- Department of Cancer Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yasuko Orba
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; Department of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Michihito Sasaki
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; International Collaboration Unit, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kayoko Nagata
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | | | | | - Mami Nagashima
- Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenji Sadamasu
- Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | - Motoaki Seki
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Ryoji Fujiki
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kaneda
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tadanaga Shimada
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Taka-Aki Nakada
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Seiichiro Sakao
- Department of Respirology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takuji Suzuki
- Department of Respirology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takamasa Ueno
- Division of Infection and immunity, Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus infection, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Akifumi Takaori-Kondo
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ken J Ishii
- Division of Vaccine Science, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; International Vaccine Design Center, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Gideon Schreiber
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | | | - Hirofumi Sawa
- Division of International Research Promotion, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; One Health Research Center, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; Division of Molecular Pathobiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; International Collaboration Unit, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Akatsuki Saito
- Department of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan; Center for Animal Disease Control, University of Miyazaki, Chiba, Japan; Graduate School of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan.
| | - Takashi Irie
- Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.
| | - Shinya Tanaka
- Department of Cancer Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
| | - Keita Matsuno
- One Health Research Center, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; International Collaboration Unit, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; Division of Risk Analysis and Management, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
| | - Takasuke Fukuhara
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
| | - Terumasa Ikeda
- Division of Molecular Virology and Genetics, Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus infection, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.
| | - Kei Sato
- Division of Systems Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; International Vaccine Design Center, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi, Japan.
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Unoh Y, Uehara S, Nakahara K, Nobori H, Yamatsu Y, Yamamoto S, Maruyama Y, Taoda Y, Kasamatsu K, Suto T, Kouki K, Nakahashi A, Kawashima S, Sanaki T, Toba S, Uemura K, Mizutare T, Ando S, Sasaki M, Orba Y, Sawa H, Sato A, Sato T, Kato T, Tachibana Y. Discovery of S-217622, a Noncovalent Oral SARS-CoV-2 3CL Protease Inhibitor Clinical Candidate for Treating COVID-19. J Med Chem 2022; 65:6499-6512. [PMID: 35352927 PMCID: PMC8982737 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c00117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 209] [Impact Index Per Article: 104.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has resulted in millions of deaths and threatens public health and safety. Despite the rapid global spread of COVID-19 vaccines, effective oral antiviral drugs are urgently needed. Here, we describe the discovery of S-217622, the first oral noncovalent, nonpeptidic SARS-CoV-2 3CL protease inhibitor clinical candidate. S-217622 was discovered via virtual screening followed by biological screening of an in-house compound library, and optimization of the hit compound using a structure-based drug design strategy. S-217622 exhibited antiviral activity in vitro against current outbreaking SARS-CoV-2 variants and showed favorable pharmacokinetic profiles in vivo for once-daily oral dosing. Furthermore, S-217622 dose-dependently inhibited intrapulmonary replication of SARS-CoV-2 in mice, indicating that this novel noncovalent inhibitor could be a potential oral agent for treating COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuto Unoh
- Shionogi
Pharmaceutical Research Center, 3-1-1 Futaba-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 561-0825, Japan
| | - Shota Uehara
- Shionogi
Pharmaceutical Research Center, 3-1-1 Futaba-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 561-0825, Japan
| | - Kenji Nakahara
- Shionogi
Pharmaceutical Research Center, 3-1-1 Futaba-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 561-0825, Japan
| | - Haruaki Nobori
- Shionogi
Pharmaceutical Research Center, 3-1-1 Futaba-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 561-0825, Japan
| | - Yukiko Yamatsu
- Shionogi
Pharmaceutical Research Center, 3-1-1 Futaba-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 561-0825, Japan
| | - Shiho Yamamoto
- Shionogi
Pharmaceutical Research Center, 3-1-1 Futaba-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 561-0825, Japan
| | - Yuki Maruyama
- Shionogi
Pharmaceutical Research Center, 3-1-1 Futaba-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 561-0825, Japan
- International
Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido
University, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Taoda
- Shionogi
Pharmaceutical Research Center, 3-1-1 Futaba-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 561-0825, Japan
| | - Koji Kasamatsu
- Shionogi
Pharmaceutical Research Center, 3-1-1 Futaba-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 561-0825, Japan
| | - Takahiro Suto
- Shionogi
Pharmaceutical Research Center, 3-1-1 Futaba-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 561-0825, Japan
| | - Kensuke Kouki
- Shionogi
Pharmaceutical Research Center, 3-1-1 Futaba-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 561-0825, Japan
| | - Atsufumi Nakahashi
- Shionogi
Pharmaceutical Research Center, 3-1-1 Futaba-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 561-0825, Japan
| | - Sho Kawashima
- Shionogi
Pharmaceutical Research Center, 3-1-1 Futaba-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 561-0825, Japan
| | - Takao Sanaki
- Shionogi
Pharmaceutical Research Center, 3-1-1 Futaba-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 561-0825, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Toba
- Shionogi
Pharmaceutical Research Center, 3-1-1 Futaba-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 561-0825, Japan
- International
Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido
University, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan
| | - Kentaro Uemura
- Shionogi
Pharmaceutical Research Center, 3-1-1 Futaba-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 561-0825, Japan
- International
Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido
University, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan
| | - Tohru Mizutare
- Shionogi
Pharmaceutical Research Center, 3-1-1 Futaba-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 561-0825, Japan
| | - Shigeru Ando
- Shionogi
Pharmaceutical Research Center, 3-1-1 Futaba-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 561-0825, Japan
| | - Michihito Sasaki
- International
Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido
University, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan
| | - Yasuko Orba
- International
Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido
University, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Sawa
- International
Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido
University, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan
| | - Akihiko Sato
- Shionogi
Pharmaceutical Research Center, 3-1-1 Futaba-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 561-0825, Japan
- International
Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido
University, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan
| | - Takafumi Sato
- Shionogi
Pharmaceutical Research Center, 3-1-1 Futaba-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 561-0825, Japan
| | - Teruhisa Kato
- Shionogi
Pharmaceutical Research Center, 3-1-1 Futaba-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 561-0825, Japan
| | - Yuki Tachibana
- Shionogi
Pharmaceutical Research Center, 3-1-1 Futaba-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 561-0825, Japan
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38
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Itakura Y, Tabata K, Morimoto K, Ito N, Chambaro HM, Eguchi R, Otsuguro KI, Hall WW, Orba Y, Sawa H, Sasaki M. Glu333 in rabies virus glycoprotein is involved in virus attenuation through astrocyte infection and interferon responses. iScience 2022; 25:104122. [PMID: 35402872 PMCID: PMC8983343 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The amino acid residue at position 333 of the rabies virus (RABV) glycoprotein (G333) is a major determinant of RABV pathogenicity. Virulent RABV strains possess Arg333, whereas the attenuated strain HEP-Flury (HEP) possesses Glu333. To investigate the potential attenuation mechanism dependent on a single amino acid at G333, comparative analysis was performed between HEP and HEP333R mutant with Arg333. We examined their respective tropism for astrocytes and the subsequent immune responses in astrocytes. Virus replication and subsequent interferon (IFN) responses in astrocytes infected with HEP were increased compared with HEP333R both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, involvement of IFN in the avirulency of HEP was demonstrated in IFN-receptor knockout mice. These results indicate that Glu333 contributes to RABV attenuation by determining the ability of the virus to infect astrocytes and stimulate subsequent IFN responses. Glu333 in G protein is responsible for astrocyte infection with RABV HEP strain Arg333 mutation in G protein decreases astrocyte tropism of RABV HEP RABV HEP evokes higher IFN responses in astrocytes than HEP with Arg333 mutation Glu333-dependent astrocyte infection is involved in the attenuation of RABV HEP
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukari Itakura
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0020, Japan
| | - Koshiro Tabata
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0020, Japan
| | - Kohei Morimoto
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Basic Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
| | - Naoto Ito
- Laboratory of Zoonotic Diseases, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Herman M. Chambaro
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0020, Japan
| | - Ryota Eguchi
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Basic Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
| | - Ken-ichi Otsuguro
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Basic Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
| | - William W. Hall
- National Virus Reference Laboratory, School of Medicine, University College of Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
- International Collaboration Unit, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0020, Japan
- Global Virus Network, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Yasuko Orba
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0020, Japan
- International Collaboration Unit, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0020, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Sawa
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0020, Japan
- International Collaboration Unit, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0020, Japan
- Global Virus Network, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- One Health Research Center, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0020, Japan
| | - Michihito Sasaki
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0020, Japan
- Corresponding author
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39
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Adriani O, Akaike Y, Asano K, Asaoka Y, Berti E, Bigongiari G, Binns WR, Bongi M, Brogi P, Bruno A, Buckley JH, Cannady N, Castellini G, Checchia C, Cherry ML, Collazuol G, Ebisawa K, Ficklin AW, Fuke H, Gonzi S, Guzik TG, Hams T, Hibino K, Ichimura M, Ioka K, Ishizaki W, Israel MH, Kasahara K, Kataoka J, Kataoka R, Katayose Y, Kato C, Kawanaka N, Kawakubo Y, Kobayashi K, Kohri K, Krawczynski HS, Krizmanic JF, Maestro P, Marrocchesi PS, Messineo AM, Mitchell JW, Miyake S, Moiseev AA, Mori M, Mori N, Motz HM, Munakata K, Nakahira S, Nishimura J, de Nolfo GA, Okuno S, Ormes JF, Ospina N, Ozawa S, Pacini L, Papini P, Rauch BF, Ricciarini SB, Sakai K, Sakamoto T, Sasaki M, Shimizu Y, Shiomi A, Spillantini P, Stolzi F, Sugita S, Sulaj A, Takita M, Tamura T, Terasawa T, Torii S, Tsunesada Y, Uchihori Y, Vannuccini E, Wefel JP, Yamaoka K, Yanagita S, Yoshida A, Yoshida K, Zober WV. Direct Measurement of the Nickel Spectrum in Cosmic Rays in the Energy Range from 8.8 GeV/n to 240 GeV/n with CALET on the International Space Station. Phys Rev Lett 2022; 128:131103. [PMID: 35426700 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.128.131103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The relative abundance of cosmic ray nickel nuclei with respect to iron is by far larger than for all other transiron elements; therefore it provides a favorable opportunity for a low background measurement of its spectrum. Since nickel, as well as iron, is one of the most stable nuclei, the nickel energy spectrum and its relative abundance with respect to iron provide important information to estimate the abundances at the cosmic ray source and to model the Galactic propagation of heavy nuclei. However, only a few direct measurements of cosmic-ray nickel at energy larger than ∼3 GeV/n are available at present in the literature, and they are affected by strong limitations in both energy reach and statistics. In this Letter, we present a measurement of the differential energy spectrum of nickel in the energy range from 8.8 to 240 GeV/n, carried out with unprecedented precision by the Calorimetric Electron Telescope (CALET) in operation on the International Space Station since 2015. The CALET instrument can identify individual nuclear species via a measurement of their electric charge with a dynamic range extending far beyond iron (up to atomic number Z=40). The particle's energy is measured by a homogeneous calorimeter (1.2 proton interaction lengths, 27 radiation lengths) preceded by a thin imaging section (3 radiation lengths) providing tracking and energy sampling. This Letter follows our previous measurement of the iron spectrum [1O. Adriani et al. (CALET Collaboration), Phys. Rev. Lett. 126, 241101 (2021).PRLTAO0031-900710.1103/PhysRevLett.126.241101], and it extends our investigation on the energy dependence of the spectral index of heavy elements. It reports the analysis of nickel data collected from November 2015 to May 2021 and a detailed assessment of the systematic uncertainties. In the region from 20 to 240 GeV/n our present data are compatible within the errors with a single power law with spectral index -2.51±0.07.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Adriani
- Department of Physics, University of Florence, Via Sansone, 1 - 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- INFN Sezione di Florence, Via Sansone, 1 - 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Y Akaike
- Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 17 Kikuicho, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-0044, Japan
- JEM Utilization Center, Human Spaceflight Technology Directorate, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, 2-1-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8505, Japan
| | - K Asano
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwa-no-Ha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8582, Japan
| | - Y Asaoka
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwa-no-Ha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8582, Japan
| | - E Berti
- Department of Physics, University of Florence, Via Sansone, 1 - 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- INFN Sezione di Florence, Via Sansone, 1 - 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - G Bigongiari
- Department of Physical Sciences, Earth and Environment, University of Siena, via Roma 56, 53100 Siena, Italy
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, Polo Fibonacci, Largo B. Pontecorvo, 3 - 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - W R Binns
- Department of Physics and McDonnell Center for the Space Sciences, Washington University, One Brookings Drive, St. Louis, Missouri 63130-4899, USA
| | - M Bongi
- Department of Physics, University of Florence, Via Sansone, 1 - 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- INFN Sezione di Florence, Via Sansone, 1 - 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - P Brogi
- Department of Physical Sciences, Earth and Environment, University of Siena, via Roma 56, 53100 Siena, Italy
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, Polo Fibonacci, Largo B. Pontecorvo, 3 - 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - A Bruno
- Heliospheric Physics Laboratory, NASA/GSFC, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
| | - J H Buckley
- Department of Physics and McDonnell Center for the Space Sciences, Washington University, One Brookings Drive, St. Louis, Missouri 63130-4899, USA
| | - N Cannady
- Center for Space Sciences and Technology, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, Maryland 21250, USA
- Astroparticle Physics Laboratory, NASA/GSFC, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
- Center for Research and Exploration in Space Sciences and Technology, NASA/GSFC, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
| | - G Castellini
- Institute of Applied Physics (IFAC), National Research Council (CNR), Via Madonna del Piano, 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - C Checchia
- Department of Physical Sciences, Earth and Environment, University of Siena, via Roma 56, 53100 Siena, Italy
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, Polo Fibonacci, Largo B. Pontecorvo, 3 - 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - M L Cherry
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Louisiana State University, 202 Nicholson Hall, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
| | - G Collazuol
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Padova, Via Marzolo, 8, 35131 Padova, Italy
- INFN Sezione di Padova, Via Marzolo, 8, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - K Ebisawa
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Chuo, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5210, Japan
| | - A W Ficklin
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Louisiana State University, 202 Nicholson Hall, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
| | - H Fuke
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Chuo, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5210, Japan
| | - S Gonzi
- Department of Physics, University of Florence, Via Sansone, 1 - 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- INFN Sezione di Florence, Via Sansone, 1 - 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - T G Guzik
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Louisiana State University, 202 Nicholson Hall, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
| | - T Hams
- Center for Space Sciences and Technology, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, Maryland 21250, USA
| | - K Hibino
- Kanagawa University, 3-27-1 Rokkakubashi, Kanagawa, Yokohama, Kanagawa 221-8686, Japan
| | - M Ichimura
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Hirosaki University, 3, Bunkyo, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8561, Japan
| | - K Ioka
- Yukawa Institute for Theoretical Physics, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - W Ishizaki
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwa-no-Ha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8582, Japan
| | - M H Israel
- Department of Physics and McDonnell Center for the Space Sciences, Washington University, One Brookings Drive, St. Louis, Missouri 63130-4899, USA
| | - K Kasahara
- Department of Electronic Information Systems, Shibaura Institute of Technology, 307 Fukasaku, Minuma, Saitama 337-8570, Japan
| | - J Kataoka
- School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| | - R Kataoka
- National Institute of Polar Research, 10-3, Midori-cho, Tachikawa, Tokyo 190-8518, Japan
| | - Y Katayose
- Faculty of Engineering, Division of Intelligent Systems Engineering, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan
| | - C Kato
- Faculty of Science, Shinshu University, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621, Japan
| | - N Kawanaka
- Yukawa Institute for Theoretical Physics, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
- Department of Astronomy, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Y Kawakubo
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Louisiana State University, 202 Nicholson Hall, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
| | - K Kobayashi
- Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 17 Kikuicho, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-0044, Japan
- JEM Utilization Center, Human Spaceflight Technology Directorate, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, 2-1-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8505, Japan
| | - K Kohri
- Institute of Particle and Nuclear Studies, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, 1-1 Oho, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
| | - H S Krawczynski
- Department of Physics and McDonnell Center for the Space Sciences, Washington University, One Brookings Drive, St. Louis, Missouri 63130-4899, USA
| | - J F Krizmanic
- Astroparticle Physics Laboratory, NASA/GSFC, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
| | - P Maestro
- Department of Physical Sciences, Earth and Environment, University of Siena, via Roma 56, 53100 Siena, Italy
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, Polo Fibonacci, Largo B. Pontecorvo, 3 - 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - P S Marrocchesi
- Department of Physical Sciences, Earth and Environment, University of Siena, via Roma 56, 53100 Siena, Italy
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, Polo Fibonacci, Largo B. Pontecorvo, 3 - 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - A M Messineo
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, Polo Fibonacci, Largo B. Pontecorvo, 3 - 56127 Pisa, Italy
- University of Pisa, Polo Fibonacci, Largo B. Pontecorvo, 3 - 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - J W Mitchell
- Astroparticle Physics Laboratory, NASA/GSFC, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
| | - S Miyake
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Systems Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Ibaraki College, 866 Nakane, Hitachinaka, Ibaraki 312-8508, Japan
| | - A A Moiseev
- Astroparticle Physics Laboratory, NASA/GSFC, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
- Center for Research and Exploration in Space Sciences and Technology, NASA/GSFC, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
- Department of Astronomy, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - M Mori
- Department of Physical Sciences, College of Science and Engineering, Ritsumeikan University, Shiga 525-8577, Japan
| | - N Mori
- INFN Sezione di Florence, Via Sansone, 1 - 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - H M Motz
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Global Center for Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| | - K Munakata
- Faculty of Science, Shinshu University, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621, Japan
| | - S Nakahira
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Chuo, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5210, Japan
| | - J Nishimura
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Chuo, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5210, Japan
| | - G A de Nolfo
- Heliospheric Physics Laboratory, NASA/GSFC, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
| | - S Okuno
- Kanagawa University, 3-27-1 Rokkakubashi, Kanagawa, Yokohama, Kanagawa 221-8686, Japan
| | - J F Ormes
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Denver, Physics Building, Room 211, 2112 East Wesley Avenue, Denver, Colorado 80208-6900, USA
| | - N Ospina
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Padova, Via Marzolo, 8, 35131 Padova, Italy
- INFN Sezione di Padova, Via Marzolo, 8, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - S Ozawa
- Quantum ICT Advanced Development Center, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, 4-2-1 Nukui-Kitamachi, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8795, Japan
| | - L Pacini
- Department of Physics, University of Florence, Via Sansone, 1 - 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- INFN Sezione di Florence, Via Sansone, 1 - 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- Institute of Applied Physics (IFAC), National Research Council (CNR), Via Madonna del Piano, 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - P Papini
- INFN Sezione di Florence, Via Sansone, 1 - 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - B F Rauch
- Department of Physics and McDonnell Center for the Space Sciences, Washington University, One Brookings Drive, St. Louis, Missouri 63130-4899, USA
| | - S B Ricciarini
- INFN Sezione di Florence, Via Sansone, 1 - 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- Institute of Applied Physics (IFAC), National Research Council (CNR), Via Madonna del Piano, 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - K Sakai
- Center for Space Sciences and Technology, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, Maryland 21250, USA
- Astroparticle Physics Laboratory, NASA/GSFC, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
- Center for Research and Exploration in Space Sciences and Technology, NASA/GSFC, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
| | - T Sakamoto
- College of Science and Engineering, Department of Physics and Mathematics, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Chuo, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
| | - M Sasaki
- Astroparticle Physics Laboratory, NASA/GSFC, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
- Center for Research and Exploration in Space Sciences and Technology, NASA/GSFC, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
- Department of Astronomy, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Y Shimizu
- Kanagawa University, 3-27-1 Rokkakubashi, Kanagawa, Yokohama, Kanagawa 221-8686, Japan
| | - A Shiomi
- College of Industrial Technology, Nihon University, 1-2-1 Izumi, Narashino, Chiba 275-8575, Japan
| | - P Spillantini
- Department of Physics, University of Florence, Via Sansone, 1 - 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - F Stolzi
- Department of Physical Sciences, Earth and Environment, University of Siena, via Roma 56, 53100 Siena, Italy
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, Polo Fibonacci, Largo B. Pontecorvo, 3 - 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - S Sugita
- College of Science and Engineering, Department of Physics and Mathematics, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Chuo, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
| | - A Sulaj
- Department of Physical Sciences, Earth and Environment, University of Siena, via Roma 56, 53100 Siena, Italy
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, Polo Fibonacci, Largo B. Pontecorvo, 3 - 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - M Takita
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwa-no-Ha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8582, Japan
| | - T Tamura
- Kanagawa University, 3-27-1 Rokkakubashi, Kanagawa, Yokohama, Kanagawa 221-8686, Japan
| | - T Terasawa
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwa-no-Ha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8582, Japan
| | - S Torii
- Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 17 Kikuicho, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-0044, Japan
| | - Y Tsunesada
- Division of Mathematics and Physics, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
- Nambu Yoichiro Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics, Osaka City University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - Y Uchihori
- National Institutes for Quantum and Radiation Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - E Vannuccini
- INFN Sezione di Florence, Via Sansone, 1 - 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - J P Wefel
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Louisiana State University, 202 Nicholson Hall, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
| | - K Yamaoka
- Nagoya University, Furo, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - S Yanagita
- College of Science, Ibaraki University, 2-1-1 Bunkyo, Mito, Ibaraki 310-8512, Japan
| | - A Yoshida
- College of Science and Engineering, Department of Physics and Mathematics, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Chuo, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
| | - K Yoshida
- Department of Electronic Information Systems, Shibaura Institute of Technology, 307 Fukasaku, Minuma, Saitama 337-8570, Japan
| | - W V Zober
- Department of Physics and McDonnell Center for the Space Sciences, Washington University, One Brookings Drive, St. Louis, Missouri 63130-4899, USA
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Aharonian F, Ait Benkhali F, Angüner EO, Ashkar H, Backes M, Baghmanyan V, Barbosa Martins V, Batzofin R, Becherini Y, Berge D, Bernlöhr K, Bi B, Böttcher M, Boisson C, Bolmont J, de Bony de Lavergne M, Breuhaus M, Brose R, Brun F, Caroff S, Casanova S, Cerruti M, Chand T, Chen A, Cotter G, Damascene Mbarubucyeye J, Djannati-Ataï A, Dmytriiev A, Doroshenko V, Duffy C, Egberts K, Ernenwein JP, Fegan S, Feijen K, Fiasson A, Fichet de Clairfontaine G, Fontaine G, Füßling M, Funk S, Gabici S, Gallant YA, Ghafourizadeh S, Giavitto G, Giunti L, Glawion D, Glicenstein JF, Grondin MH, Hermann G, Hinton JA, Hörbe M, Hofmann W, Hoischen C, Holch TL, Holler M, Horns D, Huang Z, Jamrozy M, Jankowsky F, Jung-Richardt I, Kasai E, Katarzyński K, Katz U, Khangulyan D, Khélifi B, Klepser S, Kluźniak W, Komin N, Konno R, Kosack K, Kostunin D, Le Stum S, Lemière A, Lemoine-Goumard M, Lenain JP, Leuschner F, Lohse T, Luashvili A, Lypova I, Mackey J, Malyshev D, Malyshev D, Marandon V, Marchegiani P, Marcowith A, Martí-Devesa G, Marx R, Maurin G, Meyer M, Mitchell A, Moderski R, Mohrmann L, Montanari A, Moulin E, Muller J, Murach T, Nakashima K, de Naurois M, Nayerhoda A, Niemiec J, Priyana Noel A, O'Brien P, Ohm S, Olivera-Nieto L, de Ona Wilhelmi E, Ostrowski M, Panny S, Panter M, Parsons RD, Peron G, Pita S, Poireau V, Prokhorov DA, Prokoph H, Pühlhofer G, Punch M, Quirrenbach A, Reichherzer P, Reimer A, Reimer O, Renaud M, Reville B, Rieger F, Rowell G, Rudak B, Rueda Ricarte H, Ruiz-Velasco E, Sahakian V, Sailer S, Salzmann H, Sanchez DA, Santangelo A, Sasaki M, Schäfer J, Schüssler F, Schutte HM, Schwanke U, Senniappan M, Shapopi JNS, Simoni R, Sinha A, Sol H, Specovius A, Spencer S, Stawarz Ł, Steinmassl S, Steppa C, Takahashi T, Tanaka T, Taylor AM, Terrier R, Thorpe-Morgan C, Tsirou M, Tsuji N, Tuffs R, Uchiyama Y, Unbehaun T, van Eldik C, van Soelen B, Veh J, Venter C, Vink J, Wagner SJ, Werner F, White R, Wierzcholska A, Wong YW, Yusafzai A, Zacharias M, Zargaryan D, Zdziarski AA, Zech A, Zhu SJ, Zouari S, Żywucka N. Time-resolved hadronic particle acceleration in the recurrent nova RS Ophiuchi. Science 2022; 376:77-80. [PMID: 35271303 DOI: 10.1126/science.abn0567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Recurrent novae are repeating thermonuclear explosions in the outer layers of white dwarfs, due to the accretion of fresh material from a binary companion. The shock generated when ejected material slams into the companion star's wind can accelerate particles. We report very-high-energy (VHE, [Formula: see text]) gamma rays from the recurrent nova RS Ophiuchi, up to a month after its 2021 outburst, observed using the High Energy Stereoscopic System. The VHE emission has a similar temporal profile to lower-energy GeV emission, indicating a common origin, with a two-day delay in peak flux. These observations constrain models of time-dependent particle energization, favoring a hadronic emission scenario over the leptonic alternative. Shocks in dense winds provide favorable environments for efficient acceleration of cosmic-rays to very high energies.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Aharonian
- Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, 31 Fitzwilliam Place, Dublin 2, Ireland
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- High Energy Astrophysics Laboratory, Russian-Armenian University (RAU), 123 Hovsep Emin St Yerevan 0051, Armenia
| | - F Ait Benkhali
- Landessternwarte, Universität Heidelberg, Königstuhl, D 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - E O Angüner
- Aix Marseille Université, Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS)/Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et Physique des Particules (IN2P3), Centre de Physique des Particules de Marseille (CPPM), Marseille, France
| | - H Ashkar
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, École Polytechnique, CNRS, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, F-91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - M Backes
- University of Namibia, Department of Physics, Private Bag 13301, Windhoek 10005, Namibia
- Centre for Space Research, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - V Baghmanyan
- Instytut Fizyki J[Formula: see text]drowej Polskiej Akademii Nauk (PAN), ul. Radzikowskiego 152, 31-342 Kraków, Poland
| | - V Barbosa Martins
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Platanenallee 6, 15738, Germany
| | - R Batzofin
- School of Physics, University of the Witwatersrand, 1 Jan Smuts Avenue, Braamfontein, Johannesburg, 2050 South Africa
| | - Y Becherini
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, F-75013 Paris, France
- Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering, Linnaeus University, 351 95 Växjö, Sweden
| | - D Berge
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Platanenallee 6, 15738, Germany
| | - K Bernlöhr
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - B Bi
- Institut für Astronomie und Astrophysik, Universität Tübingen, Sand 1, D 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - M Böttcher
- Centre for Space Research, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - C Boisson
- Laboratoire Univers et Théories, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, Université de Paris, 92190 Meudon, France
| | - J Bolmont
- Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies (LPNHE), 4 Place Jussieu, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - M de Bony de Lavergne
- Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules - IN2P3, 74000 Annecy, France
| | - M Breuhaus
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - R Brose
- Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, 31 Fitzwilliam Place, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - F Brun
- Institute for Research on the Fundamental Laws of the Universe (IRFU), Commisariat à l'énergie atomique (CEA), Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - S Caroff
- Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies (LPNHE), 4 Place Jussieu, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - S Casanova
- Instytut Fizyki J[Formula: see text]drowej Polskiej Akademii Nauk (PAN), ul. Radzikowskiego 152, 31-342 Kraków, Poland
| | - M Cerruti
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - T Chand
- Centre for Space Research, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - A Chen
- School of Physics, University of the Witwatersrand, 1 Jan Smuts Avenue, Braamfontein, Johannesburg, 2050 South Africa
| | - G Cotter
- University of Oxford, Department of Physics, Denys Wilkinson Building, Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3RH, UK
| | | | - A Djannati-Ataï
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - A Dmytriiev
- Laboratoire Univers et Théories, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, Université de Paris, 92190 Meudon, France
| | - V Doroshenko
- Institut für Astronomie und Astrophysik, Universität Tübingen, Sand 1, D 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - C Duffy
- University of Oxford, Department of Physics, Denys Wilkinson Building, Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3RH, UK
| | - K Egberts
- Institut für Physik und Astronomie, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse 24/25, D 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - J-P Ernenwein
- Aix Marseille Université, Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS)/Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et Physique des Particules (IN2P3), Centre de Physique des Particules de Marseille (CPPM), Marseille, France
| | - S Fegan
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, École Polytechnique, CNRS, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, F-91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - K Feijen
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia
| | - A Fiasson
- Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules - IN2P3, 74000 Annecy, France
| | - G Fichet de Clairfontaine
- Laboratoire Univers et Théories, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, Université de Paris, 92190 Meudon, France
| | - G Fontaine
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, École Polytechnique, CNRS, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, F-91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - M Füßling
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Platanenallee 6, 15738, Germany
| | - S Funk
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Erwin-Rommel-Str. 1, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - S Gabici
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Y A Gallant
- Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier, Université Montpellier, CNRS/IN2P3, CC 72, Place Eugène Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - S Ghafourizadeh
- Landessternwarte, Universität Heidelberg, Königstuhl, D 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - G Giavitto
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Platanenallee 6, 15738, Germany
| | - L Giunti
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, F-75013 Paris, France
- Institute for Research on the Fundamental Laws of the Universe (IRFU), Commisariat à l'énergie atomique (CEA), Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - D Glawion
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Erwin-Rommel-Str. 1, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - J F Glicenstein
- Institute for Research on the Fundamental Laws of the Universe (IRFU), Commisariat à l'énergie atomique (CEA), Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - M-H Grondin
- Université Bordeaux, CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique des Deux Infinis (LP2i), Bordeaux, Joint Research Unit (UMR 5797), F-33170 Gradignan, France
| | - G Hermann
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - J A Hinton
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M Hörbe
- University of Oxford, Department of Physics, Denys Wilkinson Building, Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3RH, UK
| | - W Hofmann
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - C Hoischen
- Institut für Physik und Astronomie, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse 24/25, D 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - T L Holch
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Platanenallee 6, 15738, Germany
| | - M Holler
- Institut für Astro- und Teilchenphysik, Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - D Horns
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Zhiqiu Huang
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M Jamrozy
- Obserwatorium Astronomiczne, Uniwersytet Jagielloński, ul. Orla 171, 30-244 Kraków, Poland
| | - F Jankowsky
- Landessternwarte, Universität Heidelberg, Königstuhl, D 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - I Jung-Richardt
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Erwin-Rommel-Str. 1, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - E Kasai
- University of Namibia, Department of Physics, Private Bag 13301, Windhoek 10005, Namibia
| | - K Katarzyński
- Institute of Astronomy, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Grudziadzka 5, 87-100 Torun, Poland
| | - U Katz
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Erwin-Rommel-Str. 1, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - D Khangulyan
- Department of Physics, Rikkyo University, 3-34-1 Nishi-Ikebukuro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo 171-8501, Japan
| | - B Khélifi
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - S Klepser
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Platanenallee 6, 15738, Germany
| | - W Kluźniak
- Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Bartycka 18, 00-716 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Nu Komin
- School of Physics, University of the Witwatersrand, 1 Jan Smuts Avenue, Braamfontein, Johannesburg, 2050 South Africa
| | - R Konno
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Platanenallee 6, 15738, Germany
| | - K Kosack
- Institute for Research on the Fundamental Laws of the Universe (IRFU), Commisariat à l'énergie atomique (CEA), Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - D Kostunin
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Platanenallee 6, 15738, Germany
| | - S Le Stum
- Aix Marseille Université, Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS)/Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et Physique des Particules (IN2P3), Centre de Physique des Particules de Marseille (CPPM), Marseille, France
| | - A Lemière
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - M Lemoine-Goumard
- Université Bordeaux, CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique des Deux Infinis (LP2i), Bordeaux, Joint Research Unit (UMR 5797), F-33170 Gradignan, France
| | - J-P Lenain
- Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies (LPNHE), 4 Place Jussieu, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - F Leuschner
- Institut für Astronomie und Astrophysik, Universität Tübingen, Sand 1, D 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - T Lohse
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstr. 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - A Luashvili
- Laboratoire Univers et Théories, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, Université de Paris, 92190 Meudon, France
| | - I Lypova
- Landessternwarte, Universität Heidelberg, Königstuhl, D 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - J Mackey
- Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, 31 Fitzwilliam Place, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - D Malyshev
- Institut für Astronomie und Astrophysik, Universität Tübingen, Sand 1, D 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - D Malyshev
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Erwin-Rommel-Str. 1, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - V Marandon
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - P Marchegiani
- School of Physics, University of the Witwatersrand, 1 Jan Smuts Avenue, Braamfontein, Johannesburg, 2050 South Africa
| | - A Marcowith
- Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier, Université Montpellier, CNRS/IN2P3, CC 72, Place Eugène Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - G Martí-Devesa
- Institut für Astro- und Teilchenphysik, Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - R Marx
- Landessternwarte, Universität Heidelberg, Königstuhl, D 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - G Maurin
- Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules - IN2P3, 74000 Annecy, France
| | - M Meyer
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - A Mitchell
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Erwin-Rommel-Str. 1, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - R Moderski
- Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Bartycka 18, 00-716 Warsaw, Poland
| | - L Mohrmann
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A Montanari
- Institute for Research on the Fundamental Laws of the Universe (IRFU), Commisariat à l'énergie atomique (CEA), Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - E Moulin
- Institute for Research on the Fundamental Laws of the Universe (IRFU), Commisariat à l'énergie atomique (CEA), Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - J Muller
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, École Polytechnique, CNRS, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, F-91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - T Murach
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Platanenallee 6, 15738, Germany
| | - K Nakashima
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Erwin-Rommel-Str. 1, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - M de Naurois
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, École Polytechnique, CNRS, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, F-91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - A Nayerhoda
- Instytut Fizyki J[Formula: see text]drowej Polskiej Akademii Nauk (PAN), ul. Radzikowskiego 152, 31-342 Kraków, Poland
| | - J Niemiec
- Instytut Fizyki J[Formula: see text]drowej Polskiej Akademii Nauk (PAN), ul. Radzikowskiego 152, 31-342 Kraków, Poland
| | - A Priyana Noel
- Obserwatorium Astronomiczne, Uniwersytet Jagielloński, ul. Orla 171, 30-244 Kraków, Poland
| | - P O'Brien
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK
| | - S Ohm
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Platanenallee 6, 15738, Germany
| | - L Olivera-Nieto
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - E de Ona Wilhelmi
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Platanenallee 6, 15738, Germany
| | - M Ostrowski
- Obserwatorium Astronomiczne, Uniwersytet Jagielloński, ul. Orla 171, 30-244 Kraków, Poland
| | - S Panny
- Institut für Astro- und Teilchenphysik, Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - M Panter
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - R D Parsons
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstr. 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - G Peron
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - S Pita
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - V Poireau
- Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules - IN2P3, 74000 Annecy, France
| | - D A Prokhorov
- Gravitation and Astroparticle Physics at the University of Amsterdam (GRAPPA), Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - H Prokoph
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Platanenallee 6, 15738, Germany
| | - G Pühlhofer
- Institut für Astronomie und Astrophysik, Universität Tübingen, Sand 1, D 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - M Punch
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, F-75013 Paris, France
- Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering, Linnaeus University, 351 95 Växjö, Sweden
| | - A Quirrenbach
- Landessternwarte, Universität Heidelberg, Königstuhl, D 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - P Reichherzer
- Institute for Research on the Fundamental Laws of the Universe (IRFU), Commisariat à l'énergie atomique (CEA), Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - A Reimer
- Institut für Astro- und Teilchenphysik, Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - O Reimer
- Institut für Astro- und Teilchenphysik, Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - M Renaud
- Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier, Université Montpellier, CNRS/IN2P3, CC 72, Place Eugène Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - B Reville
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - F Rieger
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - G Rowell
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia
| | - B Rudak
- Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Bartycka 18, 00-716 Warsaw, Poland
| | - H Rueda Ricarte
- Institute for Research on the Fundamental Laws of the Universe (IRFU), Commisariat à l'énergie atomique (CEA), Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - E Ruiz-Velasco
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - V Sahakian
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers St., 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
| | - S Sailer
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - H Salzmann
- Institut für Astronomie und Astrophysik, Universität Tübingen, Sand 1, D 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - D A Sanchez
- Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules - IN2P3, 74000 Annecy, France
| | - A Santangelo
- Institut für Astronomie und Astrophysik, Universität Tübingen, Sand 1, D 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - M Sasaki
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Erwin-Rommel-Str. 1, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - J Schäfer
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Erwin-Rommel-Str. 1, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - F Schüssler
- Institute for Research on the Fundamental Laws of the Universe (IRFU), Commisariat à l'énergie atomique (CEA), Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - H M Schutte
- Centre for Space Research, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - U Schwanke
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstr. 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - M Senniappan
- Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering, Linnaeus University, 351 95 Växjö, Sweden
| | - J N S Shapopi
- University of Namibia, Department of Physics, Private Bag 13301, Windhoek 10005, Namibia
| | - R Simoni
- Gravitation and Astroparticle Physics at the University of Amsterdam (GRAPPA), Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - A Sinha
- Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier, Université Montpellier, CNRS/IN2P3, CC 72, Place Eugène Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - H Sol
- Laboratoire Univers et Théories, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, Université de Paris, 92190 Meudon, France
| | - A Specovius
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Erwin-Rommel-Str. 1, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - S Spencer
- University of Oxford, Department of Physics, Denys Wilkinson Building, Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3RH, UK
| | - Ł Stawarz
- Obserwatorium Astronomiczne, Uniwersytet Jagielloński, ul. Orla 171, 30-244 Kraków, Poland
| | - S Steinmassl
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - C Steppa
- Institut für Physik und Astronomie, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse 24/25, D 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - T Takahashi
- Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (World Premier International Research Center Initiative (WPI)), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study (UTIAS), The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwa-no-Ha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8583, Japan
| | - T Tanaka
- Department of Physics, Konan University, 8-9-1 Okamoto, Higashinada, Kobe, Hyogo 658-8501, Japan
| | - A M Taylor
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Platanenallee 6, 15738, Germany
| | - R Terrier
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - C Thorpe-Morgan
- Institut für Astronomie und Astrophysik, Universität Tübingen, Sand 1, D 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - M Tsirou
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - N Tsuji
- Institute of Physical and Chemical Research (RIKEN), 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - R Tuffs
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Y Uchiyama
- Department of Physics, Rikkyo University, 3-34-1 Nishi-Ikebukuro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo 171-8501, Japan
| | - T Unbehaun
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Erwin-Rommel-Str. 1, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - C van Eldik
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Erwin-Rommel-Str. 1, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - B van Soelen
- Department of Physics, University of the Free State, PO Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa
| | - J Veh
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Erwin-Rommel-Str. 1, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - C Venter
- Centre for Space Research, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - J Vink
- Gravitation and Astroparticle Physics at the University of Amsterdam (GRAPPA), Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - S J Wagner
- Landessternwarte, Universität Heidelberg, Königstuhl, D 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - F Werner
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - R White
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A Wierzcholska
- Instytut Fizyki J[Formula: see text]drowej Polskiej Akademii Nauk (PAN), ul. Radzikowskiego 152, 31-342 Kraków, Poland
| | - Yu Wun Wong
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Erwin-Rommel-Str. 1, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - A Yusafzai
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Erwin-Rommel-Str. 1, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - M Zacharias
- Centre for Space Research, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
- Laboratoire Univers et Théories, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, Université de Paris, 92190 Meudon, France
| | - D Zargaryan
- Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, 31 Fitzwilliam Place, Dublin 2, Ireland
- High Energy Astrophysics Laboratory, Russian-Armenian University (RAU), 123 Hovsep Emin St Yerevan 0051, Armenia
| | - A A Zdziarski
- Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Bartycka 18, 00-716 Warsaw, Poland
| | - A Zech
- Laboratoire Univers et Théories, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, Université de Paris, 92190 Meudon, France
| | - S J Zhu
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Platanenallee 6, 15738, Germany
| | - S Zouari
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - N Żywucka
- Centre for Space Research, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
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Suzuki R, Yamasoba D, Kimura I, Wang L, Kishimoto M, Ito J, Morioka Y, Nao N, Nasser H, Uriu K, Kosugi Y, Tsuda M, Orba Y, Sasaki M, Shimizu R, Kawabata R, Yoshimatsu K, Asakura H, Nagashima M, Sadamasu K, Yoshimura K, Sawa H, Ikeda T, Irie T, Matsuno K, Tanaka S, Fukuhara T, Sato K. Attenuated fusogenicity and pathogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant. Nature 2022; 603:700-705. [PMID: 35104835 PMCID: PMC8942852 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-04462-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 339] [Impact Index Per Article: 169.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The emergence of the Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2 is an urgent global health concern1. In this study, our statistical modelling suggests that Omicron has spread more rapidly than the Delta variant in several countries including South Africa. Cell culture experiments showed Omicron to be less fusogenic than Delta and than an ancestral strain of SARS-CoV-2. Although the spike (S) protein of Delta is efficiently cleaved into two subunits, which facilitates cell-cell fusion2,3, the Omicron S protein was less efficiently cleaved compared to the S proteins of Delta and ancestral SARS-CoV-2. Furthermore, in a hamster model, Omicron showed decreased lung infectivity and was less pathogenic compared to Delta and ancestral SARS-CoV-2. Our multiscale investigations reveal the virological characteristics of Omicron, including rapid growth in the human population, lower fusogenicity and attenuated pathogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rigel Suzuki
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Daichi Yamasoba
- Division of Systems Virology, Department of Infectious Disease Control, International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Faculty of Medicine, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Izumi Kimura
- Division of Systems Virology, Department of Infectious Disease Control, International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Cancer Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.,Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Mai Kishimoto
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Jumpei Ito
- Division of Systems Virology, Department of Infectious Disease Control, International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuhei Morioka
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Naganori Nao
- Division of International Research Promotion, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.,One Health Research Center, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hesham Nasser
- Division of Molecular Virology and Genetics, Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus infection, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.,Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Keiya Uriu
- Division of Systems Virology, Department of Infectious Disease Control, International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yusuke Kosugi
- Division of Systems Virology, Department of Infectious Disease Control, International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Laboratory of Systems Virology, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masumi Tsuda
- Department of Cancer Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.,Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yasuko Orba
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.,International Collaboration Unit, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Michihito Sasaki
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.,International Collaboration Unit, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Ryo Shimizu
- Division of Molecular Virology and Genetics, Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus infection, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Ryoko Kawabata
- Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | | | | | - Mami Nagashima
- Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenji Sadamasu
- Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | - Hirofumi Sawa
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.,Division of International Research Promotion, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.,One Health Research Center, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.,International Collaboration Unit, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Terumasa Ikeda
- Division of Molecular Virology and Genetics, Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus infection, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Takashi Irie
- Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Keita Matsuno
- One Health Research Center, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan. .,International Collaboration Unit, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan. .,Division of Risk Analysis and Management, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
| | - Shinya Tanaka
- Department of Cancer Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan. .,Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
| | - Takasuke Fukuhara
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
| | - Kei Sato
- Division of Systems Virology, Department of Infectious Disease Control, International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan. .,Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan. .,CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama, Japan.
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42
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Sasaki M. [Investigation of viruses harbored by wild animals: toward pre-emptive measures against future zoonotic diseases]. Uirusu 2022; 72:79-86. [PMID: 37899234 DOI: 10.2222/jsv.72.79] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
Zoonoses are caused by pathogens transmitted from animals. To prepare mitigating measures against emerging zoonoses, it is imperative to identify animal reservoirs that carry potential pathogens and also elucidate the transmission routes of these pathogens. Under the continuous collaboration with counterparts from Zambia and Indonesia, we have so far identified various viruses in wild animals. Some of the identified viruses were phylogenetically distinct from known virus species and this finding led to approved new virus species by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV). Our studies provided new insights into the divergence, natural hosts and lifecycle of viruses. Through the exploration and characterization of viruses in animals, we will endeavor to contribute to the existing knowledge on viral pathogens in wild animals. This is cardinal for evidence-based preemptive measures against future zoonoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michihito Sasaki
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control,Hokkaido University
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43
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Hasegawa T, Imamura RM, Suzuki T, Hashiguchi T, Nomura T, Otsuguro S, Maenaka K, Sasaki M, Orba Y, Sawa H, Sato A, Okabe T, Nagano T, Kojima H. Application of Acoustic Ejection MS System to High-Throughput Screening for SARS-CoV-2 3CL Protease Inhibitors. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2021; 70:199-201. [PMID: 34937844 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c21-01003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Mass spectrometry is a powerful methodology for chemical screening to directly quantify substrates and products of enzymes, but its low throughput has been an issue. Recently, an acoustic liquid-handling apparatus (Echo®) used for rapid nano-dispensing has been coupled to a high-sensitivity mass spectrometer to create the Echo® MS system, and we applied this system to screening of SARS-CoV-2 3CL protease inhibitors. Primary screening of 32,033 chemical samples was completed in 12 hours. Among the hits showing selective, dose-dependent 3CL-inhibitory activity, 8 compounds showed antiviral activity in cell-based assay.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tateki Suzuki
- Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University
| | - Takao Hashiguchi
- Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University
| | - Takao Nomura
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University
| | | | | | - Michihito Sasaki
- International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University
| | - Yasuko Orba
- International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University
| | - Hirofumi Sawa
- International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University
| | - Akihiko Sato
- International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University.,Drug Discovery and Disease Research Laboratory, Shionogi & Co., Ltd
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44
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Chambaro HM, Sasaki M, Muleya W, Kajihara M, Shawa M, Mwape KE, Harima H, Qiu Y, Hall WW, Fandamu P, Squarre D, Simulundu E, Sawa H, Orba Y. Hepatitis E virus infection in pigs: a first report from Zambia. Emerg Microbes Infect 2021; 10:2169-2172. [PMID: 34736356 PMCID: PMC8635572 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2021.2002669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
While evidence suggests presence of HEV infection in humans in Zambia, currently, there is no information on its occurrence in domestic pigs. Here, we investigated the presence of HEV antibodies and genome in domestic pigs in Zambia. Sera (n = 484) from domestic pigs were screened for antibodies against HEV by ELISA while genome detection in fecal (n = 25) and liver (n = 100) samples from slaughter pigs was conducted using nested RT–PCR assay. Overall, seroprevalence was 47.7% (231/484) while zoonotic genotype 3 HEV RNA was detected in 16.0% (20/125) of slaughtered pigs. This is the first report to highlight occurrence of HEV infection in domestic pigs in Zambia. This finding suggests possible contamination of the pork supply chain. Moreover, there is a potential risk of zoonotic transmission of HEV to abattoir workers, pig farmers and handlers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Herman M Chambaro
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Sapporo, Japan.,Virology Laboratory, Central Veterinary Research Institute, Lusaka, Zambia.,Department of Veterinary Services, Ministry of Fisheries and Livestock, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Michihito Sasaki
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Walter Muleya
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Masahiro Kajihara
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Misheck Shawa
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kabemba E Mwape
- Department of Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Hayato Harima
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yongjin Qiu
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Sapporo, Japan
| | - William W Hall
- National Virus Reference Laboratory, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Global Virus Network, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Paul Fandamu
- Department of Veterinary Services, Ministry of Fisheries and Livestock, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - David Squarre
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Sapporo, Japan.,Department of Veterinary Services, Ministry of Fisheries and Livestock, Lusaka, Zambia.,Department of Conservation Science, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Edgar Simulundu
- Department of Disease Control, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia.,Macha Research Trust, Choma, Zambia
| | - Hirofumi Sawa
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Sapporo, Japan.,Global Virus Network, Baltimore, MD, USA.,International Collaboration Unit, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.,One Health Research Center, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yasuko Orba
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Sapporo, Japan.,International Collaboration Unit, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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45
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Sasaki M, Kishimoto M, Itakura Y, Tabata K, Intaruck K, Uemura K, Toba S, Sanaki T, Sato A, Hall WW, Orba Y, Sawa H. Air-liquid interphase culture confers SARS-CoV-2 susceptibility to A549 alveolar epithelial cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 577:146-151. [PMID: 34517212 PMCID: PMC8423671 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The human lung cell A549 is susceptible to infection with a number of respiratory viruses. However, A549 cells are resistant to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in conventional submerged culture, and this would appear to be due to low expression levels of the SARS-CoV-2 entry receptor: angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE2). Here, we examined SARS-CoV-2 susceptibility to A549 cells after adaptation to air-liquid interface (ALI) culture. A549 cells in ALI culture yielded a layer of mucus on their apical surface, exhibited decreased expression levels of the proliferation marker KI-67 and intriguingly became susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection. We found that A549 cells increased the endogenous expression levels of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 following adaptation to ALI culture conditions. Camostat, a TMPRSS2 inhibitor, reduced SARS-CoV-2 infection in ALI-cultured A549 cells. These findings indicate that ALI culture switches the phenotype of A549 cells from resistance to susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection through upregulation of ACE2 and TMPRSS2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michihito Sasaki
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 001-0020, Japan.
| | - Mai Kishimoto
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 001-0020, Japan
| | - Yukari Itakura
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 001-0020, Japan
| | - Koshiro Tabata
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 001-0020, Japan
| | - Kittiya Intaruck
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 001-0020, Japan
| | - Kentaro Uemura
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 001-0020, Japan; Shionogi & Co., Ltd., Osaka, 541-0045, Japan; Laboratory of Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0812, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Toba
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 001-0020, Japan; Shionogi & Co., Ltd., Osaka, 541-0045, Japan
| | - Takao Sanaki
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 001-0020, Japan; Shionogi & Co., Ltd., Osaka, 541-0045, Japan
| | - Akihiko Sato
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 001-0020, Japan; Shionogi & Co., Ltd., Osaka, 541-0045, Japan
| | - William W Hall
- International Collaboration Unit, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 001-0020, Japan; National Virus Reference Laboratory, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, 4, Ireland; Global Virus Network, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Yasuko Orba
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 001-0020, Japan; International Collaboration Unit, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 001-0020, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Sawa
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 001-0020, Japan; International Collaboration Unit, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 001-0020, Japan; Global Virus Network, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA; One Health Research Center, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0818, Japan
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46
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Ohno M, Sasaki M, Orba Y, Sekiya T, Masum MA, Ichii O, Sawamura T, Kakino A, Suzuki Y, Kida H, Sawa H, Shingai M. Abnormal Blood Coagulation and Kidney Damage in Aged Hamsters Infected with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2. Viruses 2021; 13:v13112137. [PMID: 34834944 PMCID: PMC8618556 DOI: 10.3390/v13112137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Systemic symptoms have often been observed in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in addition to pneumonia, however, the details are still unclear due to the lack of an appropriate animal model. In this study, we investigated and compared blood coagulation abnormalities and tissue damage between male Syrian hamsters of 9 (young) and over 36 (aged) weeks old after intranasal infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Despite similar levels of viral replication and inflammatory responses in the lungs of both age groups, aged but not young hamsters showed significant prolongation of prothrombin time and prominent acute kidney damage. Moreover, aged hamsters demonstrated increased intravascular coagulation time-dependently in the lungs, suggesting that consumption of coagulation factors causes prothrombin time prolongation. Furthermore, proximal urinary tract damage and mesangial matrix expansion were observed in the kidneys of the aged hamsters at early and later disease stages, respectively. Given that the severity and mortality of COVID-19 are higher in elderly human patients, the effect of aging on pathogenesis needs to be understood and should be considered for the selection of animal models. We, thus, propose that the aged hamster is a good small animal model for COVID-19 research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marumi Ohno
- Laboratory for Biologics Development, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan; (M.O.); (H.K.)
| | - Michihito Sasaki
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan; (M.S.); (Y.O.)
| | - Yasuko Orba
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan; (M.S.); (Y.O.)
| | - Toshiki Sekiya
- International Collaboration Unit, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan;
| | - Md. Abdul Masum
- Laboratory of Anatomy, Department of Basic Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan; (M.A.M.); (O.I.)
| | - Osamu Ichii
- Laboratory of Anatomy, Department of Basic Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan; (M.A.M.); (O.I.)
- Laboratory of Agrobiomedical Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Sawamura
- Department of Molecular Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Shinshu University, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan; (T.S.); (A.K.)
| | - Akemi Kakino
- Department of Molecular Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Shinshu University, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan; (T.S.); (A.K.)
| | - Yasuhiko Suzuki
- Division of Bioresources, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan;
| | - Hiroshi Kida
- Laboratory for Biologics Development, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan; (M.O.); (H.K.)
| | - Hirofumi Sawa
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan; (M.S.); (Y.O.)
- One Health Research Center, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan
- Correspondence: (H.S.); (M.S.); Tel.: +81-11-706-5185 (H.S.); +81-11-706-9494 (M.S.)
| | - Masashi Shingai
- Laboratory for Biologics Development, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan; (M.O.); (H.K.)
- Correspondence: (H.S.); (M.S.); Tel.: +81-11-706-5185 (H.S.); +81-11-706-9494 (M.S.)
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47
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Uemura K, Nobori H, Sato A, Sanaki T, Toba S, Sasaki M, Murai A, Saito-Tarashima N, Minakawa N, Orba Y, Kariwa H, Hall WW, Sawa H, Matsuda A, Maenaka K. 5-Hydroxymethyltubercidin exhibits potent antiviral activity against flaviviruses and coronaviruses, including SARS-CoV-2. iScience 2021; 24:103120. [PMID: 34541466 PMCID: PMC8433052 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Newly emerging or re-emerging viral infections continue to cause significant morbidity and mortality every year worldwide, resulting in serious effects on both health and the global economy. Despite significant drug discovery research against dengue viruses (DENVs) and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), no fully effective and specific drugs directed against these viruses have been discovered. Here, we examined the anti-DENV activity of tubercidin derivatives from a compound library from Hokkaido University and demonstrated that 5-hydroxymethyltubercidin (HMTU, HUP1108) possessed both potent anti-flavivirus and anti-coronavirus activities at submicromolar levels without significant cytotoxicity. Furthermore, HMTU inhibited viral RNA replication and specifically inhibited replication at the late stages of the SARS-CoV-2 infection process. Finally, we demonstrated that HMTU 5′-triphosphate inhibited RNA extension catalyzed by the viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. Our findings suggest that HMTU has the potential of serving as a lead compound for the development of a broad spectrum of antiviral agents, including SARS-CoV-2. We identified tubercidin derivatives as broad-spectrum antiviral compounds HMTU exhibited potent antiviral activity against flaviviruses and coronaviruses HMTU specifically inhibited replication at a late stage of the viral infection process HMTU 5′-triphosphate inhibited RNA extension catalyzed by viral RdRp
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Uemura
- Drug Discovery and Disease Research Laboratory, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Haruaki Nobori
- Drug Discovery and Disease Research Laboratory, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan
| | - Akihiko Sato
- Drug Discovery and Disease Research Laboratory, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Corresponding author
| | - Takao Sanaki
- Drug Discovery and Disease Research Laboratory, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Toba
- Drug Discovery and Disease Research Laboratory, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Michihito Sasaki
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Akiho Murai
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | | | - Noriaki Minakawa
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Yasuko Orba
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- International Collaboration Unit, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kariwa
- Laboratory of Public Health, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - William W. Hall
- International Collaboration Unit, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- National Virus Reference Laboratory, School of Medicine, University College of Dublin, Ireland
- Global Virus Network, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Hirofumi Sawa
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- International Collaboration Unit, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Global Virus Network, Baltimore, MD, USA
- One Health Research Center, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Akira Matsuda
- Center for Research and Education on Drug Discovery, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Corresponding author
| | - Katsumi Maenaka
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Center for Research and Education on Drug Discovery, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Global Station for Biosurfaces and Drug Discovery, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Corresponding author
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48
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Tokuda S, Kawachi Y, Sasaki M, Arakawa H, Yamasaki K, Terasaka K, Inagaki S. Bayesian inference of ion velocity distribution function from laser-induced fluorescence spectra. Sci Rep 2021; 11:20810. [PMID: 34675232 PMCID: PMC8531337 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-00138-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The velocity distribution function is a statistical description that connects particle kinetics and macroscopic parameters in many-body systems. Laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) spectroscopy is utilized to measure the local velocity distribution function in spatially inhomogeneous plasmas. However, the analytic form of such a function for the system of interest is not always clear under the intricate factors in non-equilibrium states. Here, we propose a novel approach to select the valid form of the velocity distribution function based on Bayesian statistics. We formulate the Bayesian inference of ion velocity distribution function and apply it to LIF spectra locally observed at several positions in a linear magnetized plasma. We demonstrate evaluating the spatial inhomogeneity by verifying each analytic form of the local velocity distribution function. Our approach is widely applicable to experimentally establish the velocity distribution function in plasmas and fluids, including gases and liquids.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Tokuda
- Research Institute for Information Technology, Kyushu University, Kasuga, 816-8580, Japan.
| | - Y Kawachi
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, Kasuga, 816-8580, Japan
| | - M Sasaki
- College of Industrial Technology, Nihon University, Narashino, 275-8575, Japan
| | - H Arakawa
- Institute of Science and Engineering, Shimane University, Matsue, 690-8504, Japan
| | - K Yamasaki
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, 730-8511, Japan
| | - K Terasaka
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, Kasuga, 816-8580, Japan
| | - S Inagaki
- Research Center for Plasma Turbulence, Kyushu University, Kasuga, 816-8580, Japan. .,Research Institution for Applied Mechanics, Kyushu University, Kasuga, 816-8580, Japan.
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49
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Onodera T, Kita S, Adachi Y, Moriyama S, Sato A, Nomura T, Sakakibara S, Inoue T, Tadokoro T, Anraku Y, Yumoto K, Tian C, Fukuhara H, Sasaki M, Orba Y, Shiwa N, Iwata N, Nagata N, Suzuki T, Sasaki J, Sekizuka T, Tonouchi K, Sun L, Fukushi S, Satofuka H, Kazuki Y, Oshimura M, Kurosaki T, Kuroda M, Matsuura Y, Suzuki T, Sawa H, Hashiguchi T, Maenaka K, Takahashi Y. A SARS-CoV-2 antibody broadly neutralizes SARS-related coronaviruses and variants by coordinated recognition of a virus-vulnerable site. Immunity 2021; 54:2385-2398.e10. [PMID: 34508662 PMCID: PMC8382582 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2021.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Potent neutralizing SARS-CoV-2 antibodies often target the spike protein receptor-binding site (RBS), but the variability of RBS epitopes hampers broad neutralization of multiple sarbecoviruses and drifted viruses. Here, using humanized mice, we identified an RBS antibody with a germline VH gene that potently neutralized SARS-related coronaviruses, including SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 variants. X-ray crystallography revealed coordinated recognition by the heavy chain of non-RBS conserved sites and the light chain of RBS with a binding angle mimicking the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor. The minimum footprints in the hypervariable region of RBS contributed to the breadth of neutralization, which was enhanced by immunoglobulin G3 (IgG3) class switching. The coordinated binding resulted in broad neutralization of SARS-CoV and emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern. Low-dose therapeutic antibody treatment in hamsters reduced the virus titers and morbidity during SARS-CoV-2 challenge. The structural basis for broad neutralizing activity may inform the design of a broad spectrum of therapeutics and vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taishi Onodera
- Research Center for Drug and Vaccine Development, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Kita
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Science, and Center for Research and Education on Drug Discovery, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Yu Adachi
- Research Center for Drug and Vaccine Development, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Saya Moriyama
- Research Center for Drug and Vaccine Development, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Akihiko Sato
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan; Drug Discovery & Disease Research Laboratory, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., Osaka 561-0825, Japan
| | - Takao Nomura
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Science, and Center for Research and Education on Drug Discovery, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Shuhei Sakakibara
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Takeshi Inoue
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Differentiation, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Takashi Tadokoro
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Science, and Center for Research and Education on Drug Discovery, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Yuki Anraku
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Science, and Center for Research and Education on Drug Discovery, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Kohei Yumoto
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Science, and Center for Research and Education on Drug Discovery, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Cong Tian
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Science, and Center for Research and Education on Drug Discovery, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Hideo Fukuhara
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Science, and Center for Research and Education on Drug Discovery, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan; Global Station for Biosurfaces and Drug Discovery, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Michihito Sasaki
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan
| | - Yasuko Orba
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan
| | - Nozomi Shiwa
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 208-0011, Japan
| | - Naoko Iwata
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 208-0011, Japan
| | - Noriyo Nagata
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 208-0011, Japan
| | - Tateki Suzuki
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Jiei Sasaki
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Sekizuka
- Pathogen Genomic Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Keisuke Tonouchi
- Research Center for Drug and Vaccine Development, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan; Department of Life Science and Medical Bioscience, Waseda University, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan
| | - Lin Sun
- Research Center for Drug and Vaccine Development, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Shuetsu Fukushi
- Department of Virology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Satofuka
- Chromosome Engineering Research Center, Tottori University, Tottori 683-8503, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kazuki
- Chromosome Engineering Research Center, Tottori University, Tottori 683-8503, Japan; Division of Genome and Cellular Functions, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, School of Life Science, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Tottori 683-8503, Japan
| | | | - Tomohiro Kurosaki
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Differentiation, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Makoto Kuroda
- Pathogen Genomic Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Yoshiharu Matsuura
- Laboratory of Virus Control, Center for Infectious Diseases Education and Research, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Tadaki Suzuki
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 208-0011, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Sawa
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan
| | - Takao Hashiguchi
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; Laboratory of Medical Virology, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Katsumi Maenaka
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Science, and Center for Research and Education on Drug Discovery, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan; Global Station for Biosurfaces and Drug Discovery, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan.
| | - Yoshimasa Takahashi
- Research Center for Drug and Vaccine Development, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan.
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50
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Tabata K, Takeshita E, Komaki H, Sumitomo N, Shimizu-Motohashi Y, Saito T, Ishiyama A, Nakagawa E, Nishino I, Sasaki M. FSHD. Neuromuscul Disord 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2021.07.192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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