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Ramachandran L, Mangaiyarkarasi SP, Subramanian A, Senthilkumar S. Shrimp classification for white spot syndrome detection through enhanced gated recurrent unit-based wild geese migration optimization algorithm. Virus Genes 2024:10.1007/s11262-023-02049-0. [PMID: 38253919 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-023-02049-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
The major dangerous viral infection for cultivated shrimps is WSSV. The virus is extremely dangerous, spreads swiftly, and may result in up to 100% mortality in 3-10 days. The vast wrapped double stranded DNA virus known as WSSV describes a member of the Nimaviridae viral family's species Whispovirus. It impacts a variety of crustacean hosts but predominantly marine shrimp species that are raised for commercial purposes. The entire age groups are affected by the virus, which leads to widespread mortality. Mesodermal and ectodermal tissues, like the lymph nodes, gills, and cuticular epithelium, represents the centres of infection. Complete genome sequencing related to the WSSV strains from Thailand, China, and Taiwan has identified minute genetic variations amongst them. There exist conflicting findings on the causes of WSSV pathogenicity, which involve variations in the size associated with the genome, the count of tandem repeats, and the availability or lack of certain proteins. Hence, this paper plans to perform the shrimp classification for the WSSV on the basis of novel deep learning methodology. Initially, the data is gathered from the farms as well as internet sources. Next, the pre-processing of the gathered shrimp images is accomplished using the LBP technique. These pre-processed images undergo the segmentation process utilizing the TGVFCMS approach. The extraction of the features from these segmented images is performed by the PLDA technique. In the final step, the classification of the shrimp into healthy shrimp and WSSV affected shrimp is done by the EGRU, in which the parameter tuning is accomplished by the wild GMO algorithm with the consideration of accuracy maximization as the major objective function. Performance indicators for accuracy have been compared with those of various conventional methods, and the results show that the methodology is capable of accurately identifying the shrimp WSSV illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Ramachandran
- Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, E.G.S. Pillay Engineering College, Nagapattinam, Tamilnadu, 611002, India.
| | - S P Mangaiyarkarasi
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, University College of Engineering, Panruti Campus, Panruti, Tamilnadu, 607106, India
| | - A Subramanian
- Srinivasa Ramanujan Centre, SASTRA Deemed to Be University, Kumbakonam, Tamilnadu, 612001, India
| | - S Senthilkumar
- Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, E.G.S. Pillay Engineering College, Nagapattinam, Tamilnadu, 611002, India
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Charoonnart P, Taunt HN, Yang L, Webb C, Robinson C, Saksmerprome V, Purton S. Transgenic Microalgae Expressing Double-Stranded RNA as Potential Feed Supplements for Controlling White Spot Syndrome in Shrimp Aquaculture. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1893. [PMID: 37630453 PMCID: PMC10459155 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11081893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Viral infection of farmed fish and shellfish represents a major issue within the aquaculture industry. One potential control strategy involves RNA interference of viral gene expression through the oral delivery of specific double-stranded RNA (dsRNA). In previous work, we have shown that recombinant dsRNA can be produced in the chloroplast of the edible microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and used to control disease in shrimp. Here, we report a significant improvement in antiviral dsRNA production and its use to protect shrimp against white spot syndrome virus (WSSV). A new strategy for dsRNA synthesis was developed that uses two convergent copies of the endogenous rrnS promoter to drive high-level transcription of both strands of the WSSV gene element in the chloroplast. Quantitative RT-PCR indicated that ~119 ng dsRNA was produced per liter of culture of the transgenic microalga. This represents an ~10-fold increase in dsRNA relative to our previous report. The engineered alga was assessed for its ability to prevent WSSV infection when fed to shrimp larvae prior to a challenge with the virus. The survival of shrimp given feed supplemented with dried alga containing the dsRNA was significantly enhanced (~69% survival) relative to a negative control (<10% survival). The findings suggest that this new dsRNA production platform could be employed as a low-cost, low-tech control method for aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patai Charoonnart
- Center of Excellence for Shrimp Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (Centex Shrimp), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; (P.C.); (V.S.)
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Henry Nicholas Taunt
- Department of Structural and Molecular Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Luyao Yang
- Department of Structural and Molecular Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Conner Webb
- Centre for Molecular Processing, School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury CT2 7NJ, UK
| | - Colin Robinson
- Centre for Molecular Processing, School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury CT2 7NJ, UK
| | - Vanvimon Saksmerprome
- Center of Excellence for Shrimp Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (Centex Shrimp), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; (P.C.); (V.S.)
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Saul Purton
- Department of Structural and Molecular Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
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3
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Zheng Q, Wang W, Zhao F, Lin S, Chen J. Identification and characterization of an envelope protein 168L in Cherax quadricarinatus iridovirus (CQIV). Virus Res 2023; 323:198967. [PMID: 36241037 PMCID: PMC10194265 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2022.198967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Cherax quadricarinatus iridovirus (CQIV), a new member of family Iridoviridae, mainly infects the shrimps and crayfish with a high mortality rate. Previous gel-based LC-MS/MS study on CQIV has identified 30 structural proteins. In this study, one of the structural proteins, CQIV-168L, was selected for further analysis. RT-PCR and Western-blotting (WB) detection revealed that the transcript and the protein appeared late during infection of C. quadricarinatus cells and that the transcript was blocked by viral DNA replication inhibitor, indicating that CQIV-168L is a late expression gene. The specific antiserum against CQIV-168L was raised and immunofluorescence analysis showed that CQIV-168L was localized in the cytoplasm and associated with virus factories. Western-blotting (WB) assay suggested that CQIV-168L antiserum bound specifically to a 57-kDa protein in both the intact virions and the envelope fraction. As revealed by immunogold labeling, CQIV-168L was a component of the viral envelope. Findings in this work help to further understand the structure and entry mechanism of CQIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Zheng
- Fujian Key Laboratory on Conservation and Sustainable Utilization of Marine Biodiversity, Fuzhou Institute of Oceanography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Fujian Key Laboratory on Conservation and Sustainable Utilization of Marine Biodiversity, Fuzhou Institute of Oceanography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Furong Zhao
- Fujian Key Laboratory on Conservation and Sustainable Utilization of Marine Biodiversity, Fuzhou Institute of Oceanography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Shen Lin
- Fujian Key Laboratory on Conservation and Sustainable Utilization of Marine Biodiversity, Fuzhou Institute of Oceanography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Jianming Chen
- Fujian Key Laboratory on Conservation and Sustainable Utilization of Marine Biodiversity, Fuzhou Institute of Oceanography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou 350108, China.
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Kumar G, Gireesh-Babu P, Rajendran KV, Goswami M, Chaudhari A. Gain of function studies on predicted host receptors for white spot virus. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 131:196-205. [PMID: 36152802 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Three decades after its first outbreak, the shrimp white spot virus (WSV) is still a global cause of concern due to considerable losses and lack of effective control measures. Several candidate host receptor proteins have been identified, but the pathogenesis is not clearly understood, although the key role of the WSV envelope protein VP28 in virus internalization is established. Here, protein-protein docking is applied to evaluate the interaction of VP28 trimeric extracellular region with four host (Penaeus monodon) receptors reported earlier, Rab7 GTPase (PmRab7), glucose transporter 1 (PmGLUT1), C-type lectin (PmCTL) and calreticulin (PmCRT). The stability of predicted complexes evaluated in terms of binding energy per unit buried surface area ranged from -8.46 to -11.82 cal mol-1/Å2, which is not sufficient for functional interaction. Nevertheless, each of these host proteins was tested by a gain-of-function approach by observing their ability to make a fish cell line permissive to the shrimp WSV. Full-length expression constructs of the four receptors were transfected into SSN1 snakehead fish cells that are non-permissive to WSV. Transfected SSN1 cells and WSV permissive insect Sf9 cells were challenged with purified WSV. After 24 h, the presence of receptor transcripts was confirmed in the treated SSN1 cells, and not in the non-transfected SSN1 cells. Further, vp28 transcript was detected in Sf9 cells, but not in any of the treated SSN1 cells, indicating that none of the receptors were singly sufficient to make SSN1 cells permissive to WSV, even though PmRab7 was a strong candidate that alone showed >85% protection in virus neutralization experiments. For the other 3 candidates, previous reports predicted the involvement of co-receptors, which is confirmed here by their inability to act singly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulshan Kumar
- ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400061, India.
| | - P Gireesh-Babu
- ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400061, India.
| | - K V Rajendran
- ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400061, India.
| | - Mukunda Goswami
- ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400061, India.
| | - Aparna Chaudhari
- ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400061, India.
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A Retrospective Review of Global Commercial Seaweed Production-Current Challenges, Biosecurity and Mitigation Measures and Prospects. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19127087. [PMID: 35742332 PMCID: PMC9222978 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19127087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Commercial seaweed cultivation has undergone drastic changes to keep up with the increasing demand in terms of the quantity and quality of the algal biomass needed to meet the requirements of constant innovation in industrial applications. Diseases caused by both biotic and abiotic factors have been identified as contributing to the economic loss of precious biomass. Biosecurity risk will eventually affect seaweed production as a whole and could cripple the seaweed industry. The current review sheds light on the biosecurity measures that address issues in the seaweed industry pushing towards increasing the quantity and quality of algal biomass, research on algal diseases, and tackling existing challenges as well as discussions on future directions of seaweed research. The review is presented to provide a clear understanding of the latest biosecurity developments from several segments in the seaweed research, especially from upstream cultivation encompassing the farming stages from seeding, harvesting, drying, and packing, which may lead to better management of this precious natural resource, conserving ecological balance while thriving on the economic momentum that seaweed can potentially provide in the future. Recommended breeding strategies and seedling stock selection are discussed that aim to address the importance of sustainable seaweed farming and facilitate informed decision-making. Sustainable seaweed cultivation also holds the key to reducing our carbon footprint, thereby fighting the existential crisis of climate change plaguing our generation.
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Lee D, Yu YB, Choi JH, Jo AH, Hong SM, Kang JC, Kim JH. Viral Shrimp Diseases Listed by the OIE: A Review. Viruses 2022; 14:v14030585. [PMID: 35336992 PMCID: PMC8953307 DOI: 10.3390/v14030585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Shrimp is one of the most valuable aquaculture species globally, and the most internationally traded seafood product. Consequently, shrimp aquaculture practices have received increasing attention due to their high value and levels of demand, and this has contributed to economic growth in many developing countries. The global production of shrimp reached approximately 6.5 million t in 2019 and the shrimp aquaculture industry has consequently become a large-scale operation. However, the expansion of shrimp aquaculture has also been accompanied by various disease outbreaks, leading to large losses in shrimp production. Among the diseases, there are various viral diseases which can cause serious damage when compared to bacterial and fungi-based illness. In addition, new viral diseases occur rapidly, and existing diseases can evolve into new types. To address this, the review presented here will provide information on the DNA and RNA of shrimp viral diseases that have been designated by the World Organization for Animal Health and identify the latest shrimp disease trends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dain Lee
- Fish Genetics and Breeding Research Center, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Geoje 53334, Korea;
| | - Young-Bin Yu
- Department of Aquatic Life Medicine, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea
- Correspondence: (Y.-B.Y.); (J.-H.C.); (J.-C.K.); (J.-H.K.); Tel.: +82-41-675-3773 (J.-H.K.)
| | - Jae-Ho Choi
- Department of Aquatic Life Medicine, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea
- Correspondence: (Y.-B.Y.); (J.-H.C.); (J.-C.K.); (J.-H.K.); Tel.: +82-41-675-3773 (J.-H.K.)
| | - A-Hyun Jo
- Department of Aquatic Life and Medical Science, Sun Moon University, Asan-si 31460, Korea; (A.-H.J.); (S.-M.H.)
| | - Su-Min Hong
- Department of Aquatic Life and Medical Science, Sun Moon University, Asan-si 31460, Korea; (A.-H.J.); (S.-M.H.)
| | - Ju-Chan Kang
- Department of Aquatic Life Medicine, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea
- Correspondence: (Y.-B.Y.); (J.-H.C.); (J.-C.K.); (J.-H.K.); Tel.: +82-41-675-3773 (J.-H.K.)
| | - Jun-Hwan Kim
- Department of Aquatic Life and Medical Science, Sun Moon University, Asan-si 31460, Korea; (A.-H.J.); (S.-M.H.)
- Correspondence: (Y.-B.Y.); (J.-H.C.); (J.-C.K.); (J.-H.K.); Tel.: +82-41-675-3773 (J.-H.K.)
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7
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Diggles BK, Bass D, Bateman KS, Chong R, Daumich C, Hawkins KA, Hazelgrove R, Kerr R, Moody NJG, Ross S, Stentiford GD. Haplosporidium acetes n. sp. infecting the hepatopancreas of jelly prawns Acetes sibogae australis from Moreton Bay, Australia. J Invertebr Pathol 2022; 190:107751. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2022.107751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Lin HY, Yen SC, Tsai SK, Shen F, Lin JHY, Lin HJ. Combining Direct PCR Technology and Capillary Electrophoresis for an Easy-to-Operate and Highly Sensitive Infectious Disease Detection System for Shrimp. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12020276. [PMID: 35207563 PMCID: PMC8879573 DOI: 10.3390/life12020276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Infectious diseases are considered the greatest threat to the modern high-density shrimp aquaculture industry. Specificity, rapidity, and sensitivity of molecular diagnostic methods for the detection of asymptomatic infected shrimp allows preventive measures to be taken before disease outbreaks. Routine molecular detection of pathogens in infected shrimp can be made easier with the use of a direct polymerase chain reaction (PCR). In this study, four direct PCR reagent brands were tested, and results showed that the detection signal of direct PCR in hepatopancreatic tissue was more severely affected. In addition, portable capillary electrophoresis was applied to improve sensitivity and specificity, resulting in a pathogen detection limit of 25 copies/PCR-reaction. Juvenile shrimp from five different aquaculture ponds were tested for white spot syndrome virus infection, and the results were consistent with the Organization for Animal Health’s certified standard method. Furthermore, this methodology could be used to examine single post larvae shrimp. The overall detection time was reduced by more than 58.2%. Therefore, the combination of direct PCR and capillary electrophoresis for on-site examination is valuable and has potential as a suitable tool for diagnostic, epidemiological, and pathological studies of shrimp aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Yun Lin
- Center of Excellence for the Oceans, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 20224, Taiwan;
| | - Shao-Chieh Yen
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 20224, Taiwan;
- BiOptic Inc., New Taipei City 23141, Taiwan;
| | | | - Fan Shen
- Giant Bio Technology Inc., New Taipei City 22101, Taiwan;
| | - John Han-You Lin
- School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (J.H.-Y.L.); (H.-J.L.)
| | - Han-Jia Lin
- Center of Excellence for the Oceans, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 20224, Taiwan;
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 20224, Taiwan;
- Correspondence: (J.H.-Y.L.); (H.-J.L.)
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Characterization and functional analysis of tandem threonine containing C-type lectin (Thr-Lec) from the ridgetail white prawn Exopalaemon carinicauda. FISH AND SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY REPORTS 2021; 2:100018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fsirep.2021.100018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Genotype Diversity and Spread of White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV) in Madagascar (2012-2016). Viruses 2021; 13:v13091713. [PMID: 34578294 PMCID: PMC8472404 DOI: 10.3390/v13091713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
White Spot Disease (WSD) caused by the White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV) is the most devastating viral disease threatening the shrimp culture industry worldwide, including Madagascar. WDS was first reported on the island in 2012; however, little is known about the circulation of the virus and its genetic diversity. Our study aimed at describing the molecular diversity and the spread of WSSV in the populations of Madagascan crustaceans. Farmed and wild shrimps were collected from various locations in Madagascar from 2012 to 2016 and were tested for WSSV. Amplicons from positive specimens targeting five molecular markers (ORF75, ORF94, ORF125, VR14/15 and VR23/24) were sequenced for genotyping characterizations. Four genotypes were found in Madagascar. The type-I genotype was observed in the south-west of Madagascar in April 2012, causing a disastrous epidemic, then spread to the North-West coast. Type-II strains were detected in October 2012 causing an outbreak in another Penaeus monodon farm. In 2014 and 2015, types II and III were observed in shrimp farms. Finally, in 2016, types II and IV were found in wild species including Fenneropenaeus indicus, Metapenaeus monoceros, Marsupenaeus japonicus and Macrobrachium rosenbergii. Considering the economic importance of the shrimp industry for Madagascar, our study highlights the need to maintain WSSV surveillance to quickly take appropriate countermeasures in case of outbreak and to sustain this industry.
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Detection of white spot syndrome virus in seafood samples using a magnetosome-based impedimetric biosensor. Arch Virol 2021; 166:2763-2778. [PMID: 34342747 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-021-05187-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
White spot syndrome virus (WSSV) is a significant threat to the aquaculture sector, causing mortality among crabs and shrimps. Currently available diagnostic tests for WSSV are not rapid or cost-effective, and a new detection method is therefore needed. This study demonstrates the development of a biosensor by functionalization of magnetosomes with VP28-specific antibodies to detect WSSV in seafood. The magnetosomes (1 and 2 mg/ml) were conjugated with VP28 antibody (0.025-10 ng/µl), as confirmed by spectroscopy. The magnetosome-antibody conjugate was used to detect the VP28 antigen. The binding of antigen to the magnetosome-antibody complex resulted in a change in absorbance. The magnetosome-antibody-antigen complex was then concentrated and brought near a screen-printed carbon electrode by applying an external magnetic field, and the antigen concentration was determined using impedance measurements. The VP28 antigen (0.025 ng/µl) bound more efficiently to the magnetosome-VP28 antibody complex (0.025 ng/µl) than to the VP28 antibody (0.1 ng/µl) alone. The same assay was repeated to detect the VP28 antigen (0.01 ng/µl) in WSSV-infected seafood samples using the magnetosome-VP28 antibody complex (0.025 ng/µl). The WSSV in the seafood sample was also drawn toward the electrode due to the action of magnetosomes controlled by the external magnetic field and detected using impedance measurement. The presence of WSSV in seafood samples was verified by Western blot and RT-PCR. Cross-reactivity assays with other viruses confirmed the specificity of the magnetosome-based biosensor. The results indicate that the use of the magnetosome-based biosensor is a sensitive, specific, and rapid way to detect WSSV in seafood samples.
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Liu S, Zheng SC, Li YL, Li J, Liu HP. Hemocyte-Mediated Phagocytosis in Crustaceans. Front Immunol 2020; 11:268. [PMID: 32194551 PMCID: PMC7062681 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Phagocytosis is an ancient, highly conserved process in all multicellular organisms, through which the host can protect itself against invading microorganisms and environmental particles, as well as remove self-apoptotic cells/cell debris to maintain tissue homeostasis. In crustacean, phagocytosis by hemocyte has also been well-recognized as a crucial defense mechanism for the host against infectious agents such as bacteria and viruses. In this review, we summarized the current knowledge of hemocyte-mediated phagocytosis, in particular focusing on the related receptors for recognition and internalization of pathogens as well as the downstream signal pathways and intracellular regulators involved in the process of hemocyte phagocytosis. We attempted to gain a deeper understanding of the phagocytic mechanism of different hemocytes and their contribution to the host defense immunity in crustaceans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, State-Province Joint Engineering Laboratory of Marine Bioproducts and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Shu-Cheng Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, State-Province Joint Engineering Laboratory of Marine Bioproducts and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yan-Lian Li
- Department of Life Science and Engineering, Jining University, Qufu, China
| | - Jun Li
- School of Science and Medicine, Lake Superior State University, Sault Ste. Marie, MI, United States
| | - Hai-Peng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, State-Province Joint Engineering Laboratory of Marine Bioproducts and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
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13
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Bao W, Tang KFJ, Alcivar-Warren A. The Complete Genome of an Endogenous Nimavirus ( Nimav-1_LVa) From the Pacific Whiteleg Shrimp Penaeus ( Litopenaeus) Vannamei. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:E94. [PMID: 31947590 PMCID: PMC7016691 DOI: 10.3390/genes11010094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
White spot syndrome virus (WSSV), the lone virus of the genus Whispovirus under the family Nimaviridae, is one of the most devastating viruses affecting the shrimp farming industry. Knowledge about this virus, in particular, its evolution history, has been limited, partly due to its large genome and the lack of other closely related free-living viruses for comparative studies. In this study, we reconstructed a full-length endogenous nimavirus consensus genome, Nimav-1_LVa (279,905 bp), in the genome sequence of Penaeus (Litopenaeus) vannamei breed Kehai No. 1 (ASM378908v1). This endogenous virus seemed to insert exclusively into the telomeric pentanucleotide microsatellite (TAACC/GGTTA)n. It encoded 117 putative genes, with some containing introns, such as g012 (inhibitor of apoptosis, IAP), g046 (crustacean hyperglycemic hormone, CHH), g155 (innexin), g158 (Bax inhibitor 1 like). More than a dozen Nimav-1_LVa genes are involved in the pathogen-host interactions. We hypothesized that g046, g155, g158, and g227 (semaphorin 1A like) were recruited host genes for their roles in immune regulation. Sequence analysis indicated that a total of 43 WSSV genes belonged to the ancestral/core nimavirus gene set, including four genes reported in this study: wsv112 (dUTPase), wsv206, wsv226, and wsv308 (nucleocapsid protein). The availability of the Nimav-1_LVa sequence would help understand the genetic diversity, epidemiology, evolution, and virulence of WSSV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weidong Bao
- Genetic Information Research Institute, 20380 Town Center Lane, Suite 240, Cupertino, CA 95014, USA
| | - Kathy F. J. Tang
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 106 Nanjing Road, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Acacia Alcivar-Warren
- Fundación para la Conservation de la Biodiversidad Acuática y Terrestre (FUCOBI), Quito EC1701, Ecuador
- Environmental Genomics Inc., ONE HEALTH Epigenomics Educational Initiative, P.O. Box 196, Southborough, MA 01772, USA
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14
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Skern T. 2019: Archives of Virology celebrates its eightieth birthday with a scientific symposium. Arch Virol 2019; 165:1-3. [PMID: 31848706 PMCID: PMC7223981 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-019-04499-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tim Skern
- Max Perutz Labs, Medical University of Vienna, Dr. Bohr-Gasse 9/3, 1030, Vienna, Austria.
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15
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Zheng SC, Chang XJ, Li WD, Wang H, Guo LM, Wang KJ, Liu HP. A novel RING finger protein CqRNF152-like with self-ubiquitination activity inhibits white spot syndrome virus infection in a crustacean Cherax quadricarinatus. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 94:934-943. [PMID: 31600596 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Really Interesting New Gene (RING) finger proteins are highly conserved molecules that participate in a variety of biological processes such as regulation of development, apoptosis and antiviral immunity in vertebrates. However, the functions of RING finger proteins are still poorly understood in crustaceans. Previously, we found that the transcript of a homolog of RING finger protein 152 (CqRNF152-like) was up-regulated in a differentially expressed transcriptome library of the haematopietic tissue (Hpt) cells from red claw crayfish Cherax quadricarinatus upon white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) infection, which is one of the most devastating viral diseases for crustaceans like shrimp and crayfish. The full-length cDNA sequence of CqRNF152-like was then identified with 975 bp, including an ORF of 685 bp that encoded a 195 amino acids protein, a 5'- UTR of 180 bp, and a 3'-UTR with a poly (A) tail of 207 bp. The conserved domain prediction showed that CqRNF152-like contained a conserved RING-finger domain. Gene expression analysis showed that CqRNF152-like was distributed in all tissues examined and the transcript is significantly up-regulated after WSSV challenge both in vivo in Hpt tissue and in vitro in cultured Hpt cells. Furthermore, the transcripts of both an immediate early gene ie1 and a late envelope protein gene vp28 of WSSV were clearly increased in the Hpt tissues, hemocytes and cultured Hpt cells after gene silencing of CqRNF152-like, which were further proved to be significantly decreased after overloading of recombinant CqRNF152-like protein in Hpt cell cultures. Meanwhile, CqRNF152-like was found to bind with WSSV envelope protein VP28 by proteins pull-down assay. Similar to most of RNF proteins, CqRNF152-like protein sequence contained a conserved RING-finger domain and showed self-ubiquitination activity in a RING finger domain dependent manner. Taken together, CqRNF152-like is likely to function as an antiviral molecular against WSSV infection through interaction with the envelope protein VP28 in a crustacean C. quadricarinatus. This is the first report that a RING finger protein with directly antiviral functions via interaction with viral protein and self-ubiquitination activity in crustacean, which sheds new light on the molecular mechanism of WSSV infection and the control of white spot disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Cheng Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, State-Province Joint Engineering Laboratory of Marine Bioproducts and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Xue-Jiao Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, State-Province Joint Engineering Laboratory of Marine Bioproducts and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Wei-Dong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, State-Province Joint Engineering Laboratory of Marine Bioproducts and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Hao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, State-Province Joint Engineering Laboratory of Marine Bioproducts and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Li-Mei Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, State-Province Joint Engineering Laboratory of Marine Bioproducts and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Ke-Jian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, State-Province Joint Engineering Laboratory of Marine Bioproducts and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Hai-Peng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, State-Province Joint Engineering Laboratory of Marine Bioproducts and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), China.
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16
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Zheng SC, Xu JY, Liu HP. Cellular entry of white spot syndrome virus and antiviral immunity mediated by cellular receptors in crustaceans. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 93:580-588. [PMID: 31398395 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 07/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Enveloped virus usually utilizes the receptor-mediated multiple endocytic routes to enter permissive host cells for successful infection. Cellular receptors are cell surface molecules, either by helping viral attachment to cell surface followed by internalization or by triggering antiviral immunity, participate in the viral-host interaction. White spot syndrome virus (WSSV), the most lethally viral pathogen with envelope and double strand DNA genome in crustacean farming, including shrimp and crayfish, has been recently found to recruit various endocytic routes for cellular entry into host cells. Meanwhile, other than the typical pattern recognition receptors for recognition of WSSV, more and more putative cellular receptors have lately been characterized to facilitate or inhibit WSSV entry. In this review, recent findings on the endocytosis-dependent WSSV entry, viral entry mediated by putative cellular receptors, the molecular interplay between WSSV and cellular receptors, and the following anti-WSSV immunity are summarized and discussed, which may provide us a better understanding of the WSSV pathogenesis and further possible antiviral control of white spot disease in crustacean farming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Cheng Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, State-Province Joint Engineering Laboratory of Marine Bioproducts and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Jiao-Yang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, State-Province Joint Engineering Laboratory of Marine Bioproducts and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Hai-Peng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, State-Province Joint Engineering Laboratory of Marine Bioproducts and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.
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