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Zhou L, Zhou H, Fan Y, Wang J, Zhang R, Guo Z, Li Y, Kang R, Zhang Z, Yang D, Liu J. Metagenomics to Identify Viral Communities Associated with Porcine Respiratory Disease Complex in Tibetan Pigs in the Tibetan Plateau, China. Pathogens 2024; 13:404. [PMID: 38787256 PMCID: PMC11124006 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13050404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 05/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Tibetan pig is a unique pig breed native to the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. To investigate viral communities associated with porcine respiratory disease complex (PRDC), 167 respiratory samples were collected from Tibetan pigs in the Ganzi Tibetan autonomous prefecture of Sichuan province. Following library construction and Illunima Novaseq sequencing, 18 distinct viruses belonging to 15 viral taxonomic families were identified in Tibetan pigs with PRDC. Among the 18 detected viruses, 3 viruses were associated with PRDC, including porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV-2), Torque teno sus virus (TTSuV), and porcine cytomegalovirus (PCMV). The genomic sequences of two PCV-2 strains, three TTSuV strains, and one novel Porprismacovirus strain were assembled by SOAPdenovo software (v2). Sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis showed that both PCV-2 strains belonged to PCV-2d, three TTSuVs were classified to TTSuV2a and TTSuV2b genotypes, and the Porprismacovirus strain PPMV-SCgz-2022 showed a close genetic relationship with a virus of human origin. Recombination analysis indicated that PPMV-SCgz-2022 may have originated from recombination events between Human 16,806 × 66-213 strain and Porcine 17,668 × 82-593 strain. Furthermore, the high proportion of single infection or co-infection of PCV2/TTSuV2 provides insight into PRDC infection in Tibetan pigs. This is the first report of the viral communities in PRDC-affected Tibetan pigs in this region, and the results provides reference for the prevention and control of respiratory diseases in these animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Zhou
- College of Animal & Veterinary Sciences, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China; (L.Z.); (H.Z.); (Y.F.); (J.W.); (R.Z.); (Z.G.); (Y.L.); (J.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education and Sichuan Province for Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Han Zhou
- College of Animal & Veterinary Sciences, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China; (L.Z.); (H.Z.); (Y.F.); (J.W.); (R.Z.); (Z.G.); (Y.L.); (J.L.)
| | - Yandi Fan
- College of Animal & Veterinary Sciences, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China; (L.Z.); (H.Z.); (Y.F.); (J.W.); (R.Z.); (Z.G.); (Y.L.); (J.L.)
| | - Jinghao Wang
- College of Animal & Veterinary Sciences, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China; (L.Z.); (H.Z.); (Y.F.); (J.W.); (R.Z.); (Z.G.); (Y.L.); (J.L.)
| | - Rui Zhang
- College of Animal & Veterinary Sciences, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China; (L.Z.); (H.Z.); (Y.F.); (J.W.); (R.Z.); (Z.G.); (Y.L.); (J.L.)
| | - Zijing Guo
- College of Animal & Veterinary Sciences, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China; (L.Z.); (H.Z.); (Y.F.); (J.W.); (R.Z.); (Z.G.); (Y.L.); (J.L.)
| | - Yanmin Li
- College of Animal & Veterinary Sciences, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China; (L.Z.); (H.Z.); (Y.F.); (J.W.); (R.Z.); (Z.G.); (Y.L.); (J.L.)
| | - Runmin Kang
- Sichuan Animal Science Academy, Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Chengdu 610066, China;
| | - Zhidong Zhang
- College of Animal & Veterinary Sciences, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China; (L.Z.); (H.Z.); (Y.F.); (J.W.); (R.Z.); (Z.G.); (Y.L.); (J.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education and Sichuan Province for Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Danjiao Yang
- Institute of Animal Science of Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture of Sichuan Province, Kangding 626000, China
| | - Jie Liu
- College of Animal & Veterinary Sciences, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China; (L.Z.); (H.Z.); (Y.F.); (J.W.); (R.Z.); (Z.G.); (Y.L.); (J.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education and Sichuan Province for Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization, Chengdu 610041, China
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He X, Wang X, Fan G, Li F, Wu W, Wang Z, Fu M, Wei X, Ma S, Ma X. Metagenomic analysis of viromes in tissues of wild Qinghai vole from the eastern Tibetan Plateau. Sci Rep 2022; 12:17239. [PMID: 36241909 PMCID: PMC9562062 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-22134-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Rodents are natural reservoirs of diverse zoonotic viruses and widely distributed on the Tibetan Plateau. A comprehensive understanding of the virome in local rodent species could provide baseline of viral content and assist in efforts to reduce the risk for future emergence of rodent related zoonotic diseases. A total of 205 tissue and fecal samples from 41 wild Qinghai voles were collected. Metagenomic analyses were performed to outline the characteristics of the viromes, and phylogenetic analyses were used to identify the novel viral genomes. The virome distribution among five tissues (liver, lung, spleen, small intestine with content and feces) was also compared. We identified sequences related to 46 viral families. Novel viral genomes from distinct evolutionary lineages with known viruses were characterized for their genomic and evolutionary characteristics, including Hepatovirus, Hepacivirus, Rotavirus, and Picobirnavirus. Further analyses revealed that the core virome harbored by rodent internal tissues were quite different from the virome found in intestine and fecal samples. These findings provide an overview of the viromes in wild Qinghai voles, which are unique and the most common rodent species in the eastern Tibetan Plateau. A high diversity of viruses is likely present in rodent species in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozhou He
- grid.198530.60000 0000 8803 2373NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People’s Republic of China ,grid.9227.e0000000119573309Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention - Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Joint Research Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases and Biosafety, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xu Wang
- grid.508378.1National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Diseases Control and Prevention (Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research), NHC Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guohao Fan
- grid.198530.60000 0000 8803 2373NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People’s Republic of China ,grid.9227.e0000000119573309Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention - Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Joint Research Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases and Biosafety, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fan Li
- grid.198530.60000 0000 8803 2373NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weiping Wu
- grid.508378.1National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Diseases Control and Prevention (Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research), NHC Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhenghuan Wang
- grid.22069.3f0000 0004 0369 6365School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Meihua Fu
- grid.430328.eShanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xu Wei
- grid.22069.3f0000 0004 0369 6365School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuo Ma
- grid.22069.3f0000 0004 0369 6365School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuejun Ma
- grid.198530.60000 0000 8803 2373NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People’s Republic of China ,grid.9227.e0000000119573309Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention - Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Joint Research Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases and Biosafety, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
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3
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Pan Y, Qiu S, Chen R, Zhang T, Liang L, Wang M, Baloch AR, Wang L, Zhang Q, Yu S. Molecular detection and phylogenetic analysis of porcine circovirus type 3 in Tibetan pigs on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau of China. Virol J 2022; 19:64. [PMID: 35392945 PMCID: PMC8991800 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-022-01792-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Porcine circovirus type 3 (PCV3) has been confirmed to infect pigs, posing a health risk and making pigs more susceptible to other pathogens. After the first report of PCV3 infection in the United States, its prevalence was determined in pigs suffering from clinical digestive or respiratory diseases in several other regions, including the Sichuan and Gansu provinces of China. In this study, we describe the frequency of PCV3 detection in Tibetan pigs inhabiting three different provinces surrounding the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau of China. Methods A total of 316 samples from diarrheic animals and 182 samples from healthy animals were collected in a randomized manner. Conventional PCR was applied for PCV3 DNA detection. The conserved regions of the PCV3 gene were analyzed with MEGA 7.1 software to design specific primers to sequence entire Cap genes in PCV3 strains, and the sequences were then used to confirm the subtypes of PCV3 in the positive samples. Prediction of the amino acid sequences by nucleotide sequence translation was also performed to compare the point mutations in the entire Cap protein. Twenty PCV3 whole-genomic sequences were used for genome phylogenetic analyses of PCV3 and sequence alignments with 22 other reference strains. Results We found that the prevalence of the virus was significantly higher in samples from pigs with diarrhoea than that in samples from healthy pigs. Phylogenetic analysis of Cap proteins demonstrated that the 20 PCV3 strains formed three clades, including PCV3a (8/20, 40.00%), PCV3b (5/20, 25%) and PCV3c (7/20, 35.00%). The complete genome sequence revealed that these strains formed one branch in the phylogenetic tree. Sequence analysis showed that the Cap proteins of the 20 different viral strains shared between 95.84 and 99.18% nucleotide identity. Cap protein sequence analyses showed that the positivity rate of PCV3a was highest in the samples from pigs with diarrhoea. In comparison, PCV3c was the most elevated subtype in the healthy samples. There was no mutation at a specific site in the amino acid sequences of the entire Cap protein from different PCV3 subtype strains from heathy samples. There was a mutation at site 113 in PCV3a, site 129 in PCV3b, and site 116 in PCV3c. Conclusion Our present data provide evidence that PCV3 is prevalent in Tibetan pigs at high altitudes in China, and the higher prevalence rates of the PCV3a and PCV3b subtypes in samples from pigs with diarrhoea further indicate that the genotypes should not be neglected during surveys of the pathogenicity of PCV3. Phylogenetic and genetic diversity analyses suggested that the continuous evolution, adaptation and mechanisms of pathogenicity of PCV3 in Tibetan pigs living in this special environment should be further studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Pan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, Gansu, China
| | - Shantong Qiu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, Gansu, China
| | - Rui Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, Gansu, China
| | - Tiantian Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, Gansu, China
| | - Linfeng Liang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, Gansu, China
| | - Meng Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, Gansu, China
| | - Abdul Rasheed Baloch
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Libin Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, Gansu, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, Gansu, China
| | - Sijiu Yu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, Gansu, China.
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Liu B, Chen Y, Zhang M, Chen T, Zhang Y, DanBaZhaXi, Xu S, Zhao Q, Zhou EM. Identification and pathogenicity of hepatitis E Virus from laboratory Bama miniature pigs. BMC Vet Res 2022; 18:99. [PMID: 35292024 PMCID: PMC8922083 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-022-03206-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hepatitis E virus (HEV) genotypes 3 and 4 are zoonotic. In this study, HEV infection in laboratory Bama miniature pigs in Sichuan Province of China was investigated. Firstly, one hundred rectal swabs were collected for HEV RNA testing, and chose positive samples for sequence analysis. Concurrently, for pathogenicity study, six healthy Bama miniature pigs were randomly divided into two groups of 3 pigs each. A total of 500 μL of HEV stock (positive fecal samples identified in this study) was inoculated intravenously into each pig in the experimental group, and the three pigs in the other group served as negative controls. Serum and fecal samples were collected at 1 to 10 weeks post-inoculation (wpi) for alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels, anti-HEV antibodies and HEV RNA detection, respectively. During necropsies, liver lesions and HEV antigen in liver were observed at 10 wpi. Results The rate of fecal sample HEV RNA-positivity was 12% (12/100). Sequence comparisons indicated that partial ORF1 and ORF2 gene sequences of this isolate shared highest identities with corresponding sequences of genotype 4a HEV isolates (81.4%-96.1% and 89.9%-97.1%, respectively). Phylogenetic tree analysis further demonstrated that sequences of this isolate clustered together with sub-genotype 4a HEV isolate sequences. Experimentally, the pathogenicity of Bama miniature pigs infected with this isolate exhibited viremia, fecal virus shedding, seroconversion, ALT level increasing, liver lesions and HEV antigen in liver. Conclusions This is the first study to confirm that HEV is currently circulating in laboratory Bama miniature pigs in China and this isolate can successfully infect Bama miniature pigs experimentally. More importantly, this study suggested HEV screening of laboratory pigs should be conducted to prevent research personnel from acquiring zoonotic HEV infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoyuan Liu
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China. .,Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Veterinary Pharmacology and Diagnostic Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Yiyang Chen
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Meimei Zhang
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Tianxiang Chen
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - DanBaZhaXi
- General Station of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Technology Promotion, Naqu, Tibet, China
| | - Shixuan Xu
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qin Zhao
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.,Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Veterinary Pharmacology and Diagnostic Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - En-Min Zhou
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China. .,Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Veterinary Pharmacology and Diagnostic Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.
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5
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Zhou L, Hu C, Zhou Q, Yang D, Wang L, Zhang B. Viral communities associated with porcine diarrhoeal disease and genetic characterization of a bufavirus in Tibetan pigs in China. Arch Virol 2021; 166:613-617. [PMID: 33389103 PMCID: PMC7778721 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-020-04932-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the viral communities in diarrhoeal faeces of Tibetan pigs, 146 diarrhoeic samples were collected from 16 pigs farms on the Tibetan plateau. Nineteen viruses belonging to eleven viral taxonomic families were identified in a pooled library. Metagenomics analysis revealed that the viruses were mainly small linear and circular DNA viruses. Furthermore, sequences of 10 NS1 genes and two complete genomes of PBuVs were obtained by PCR amplification. Sequence comparisons and phylogenetic analysis showed that the PBuVs from Tibetan pigs displayed more abundant genetic diversity than those from domestic pigs. This is the first description of the faecal viral community in Tibetan pigs associated with diarrhoea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Zhou
- College of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, 610041, P.R. China
| | - Chengzhe Hu
- College of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, 610041, P.R. China
| | - Qun Zhou
- College of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, 610041, P.R. China
| | - Danjiao Yang
- Institute of Animal Science of Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture of Sichuan Province, Kangding, 626000, P.R. China
| | - Lixuan Wang
- College of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, 610041, P.R. China
| | - Bin Zhang
- College of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, 610041, P.R. China.
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6
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Nagai M, Okabayashi T, Akagami M, Matsuu A, Fujimoto Y, Hashem MA, Mekata H, Nakao R, Matsuno K, Katayama Y, Oba M, Omatsu T, Asai T, Nakagawa K, Ito H, Madarame H, Kawai K, Ito T, Nonaka N, Tsukiyama-Kohara K, Inoshima Y, Mizutani T, Misawa N. Metagenomic identification, sequencing, and genome analysis of porcine hepe-astroviruses (bastroviruses) in porcine feces in Japan. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2020; 88:104664. [PMID: 33333290 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2020.104664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Recently, hepe-astrovirus-like RNA viruses named bastroviruses (BastVs), have been found in human, pig, bat, and rat fecal samples. In this study, we determined nearly complete genome sequences of four BastVs in the feces of healthy pigs. Genetic characterization revealed that these porcine BastVs (PBastVs) and BastVs from other animals including humans, had the same genome organization, that is, they contained three predicted conserved domains of viral methyltransferase, RNA helicase, and RdRp in the nonstructural ORF1 and the astrovirus capsid domain in the structural ORF2. Phylogenetic analyses using RNA-dependent RNA polymerase and the capsid region revealed that PBastVs branched with bat and rat BastVs; however, the groups formed by each host were distantly related to human BastVs. Pairwise amino acid sequence comparison demonstrated that PBastVs shared 95.2-98.6% and 76.1-95.5% sequence identity among each other in the ORF1 and ORF2 regions, respectively; the sequence identities between PBastVs and BastVs from other animals were 21.4-42.5% and 9.1-20.6% in the ORF1 and ORF2 regions, respectively. This suggested that BastVs were derived from a common ancestor but evolved independently in each host population during a prolonged period. Putative recombination events were identified in the PBastV genome, suggesting that PBastVs gain sequence diversity and flexibility through recombination events. In an analysis of previously obtained metagenomic data, PBastV sequence reads were detected in 7.3% (23/315) of fecal samples from pigs indicating that PBastVs are distributed among pig populations in Japan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Nagai
- Department of Large Animal Clinic, Azabu University, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Azabu University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5201, Japan
| | - Tamaki Okabayashi
- Graduate School of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan; Department of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan; Center for Animal Disease Control, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Masataka Akagami
- Kenpoku Livestock Hygiene Service Center, Mito, Ibaraki 310-0002, Japan
| | - Aya Matsuu
- Transboundary Animal Diseases Research Center, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Korimoto, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Fujimoto
- Transboundary Animal Diseases Research Center, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Korimoto, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Md Abul Hashem
- Transboundary Animal Diseases Research Center, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Korimoto, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Hirohisa Mekata
- Center for Animal Disease Control, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Ryo Nakao
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0818, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Keita Matsuno
- Unit of Risk Analysis and Management, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0020, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Yukie Katayama
- Research and Education Center for Prevention of Global Infectious Disease of Animals, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Mami Oba
- Research and Education Center for Prevention of Global Infectious Disease of Animals, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Omatsu
- Research and Education Center for Prevention of Global Infectious Disease of Animals, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Asai
- Education and Research Center for Food Animal Health, Gifu University (GeFAH), 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Keisuke Nakagawa
- Education and Research Center for Food Animal Health, Gifu University (GeFAH), 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ito
- Department of Joint Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8553, Japan
| | - Hiroo Madarame
- Department of Large Animal Clinic, Azabu University, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Azabu University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5201, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Kawai
- Department of Large Animal Clinic, Azabu University, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Azabu University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5201, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Ito
- Department of Joint Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8553, Japan; Avian Zoonosis Research Center, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8553, Japan
| | - Nariaki Nonaka
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0818, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Kyoko Tsukiyama-Kohara
- Transboundary Animal Diseases Research Center, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Korimoto, Kagoshima, Japan; Laboratory of Animal Hygiene, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Yasuo Inoshima
- Education and Research Center for Food Animal Health, Gifu University (GeFAH), 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Mizutani
- Research and Education Center for Prevention of Global Infectious Disease of Animals, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan.
| | - Naoaki Misawa
- Graduate School of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan; Department of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan; Center for Animal Disease Control, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan.
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7
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Wang J, Li N, Zhang H, Li F, Fanning S, Jiang T. Detection of Hepatitis E Virus in the Pig Livers and Retail Pork Samples Collected in Selected Cities in China. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2020; 18:97-103. [PMID: 32985895 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2020.2837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a biological hazard that must be controlled and is a recognized etiological agent in viral hepatitis. This is a zoonotic virus and can be transmitted through the fecal-oral route. The pig is an important reservoir host of HEV, and is a source of contamination for the consumer after the consumption of raw or undercooked pork products. When detected, the most prevalent genotype of HEV in China is genotype 4 (denoted as HEV-4). To ensure the safety of this food of animal origin, we undertook a survey of HEV contamination in pig livers and pork samples available for sale, in retail outlets in selected cities in China. Viral RNA was purified from samples collected by lysing in Trizol followed by purification using trichloromethane and virus RNA extract kit. An additional step was applied to improve the recovery rate by adding RNase OUT when extracting virus RNA from pig livers, and the RNA productions were washed in 75% (v/v) ethanol to remove inhibitors. In total, 158 pig livers and 80 pork samples were procured and analyzed by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). After purification of total RNA from all samples taken and analyzed by RT-qPCR, a single pig liver was positive by this method for HEV. The positive rate was calculated as 0.63%. In this study, a single positive sample was detected. Considering the dietary habits of Chinese people, pork is a popular food that on occasion may be contaminated with HEV, thereby posing a threat to consumer health. Ongoing surveillance is required to assess the risk to human health arising from HEV-contaminated pork being offered for sale, at retail outlets, especially in the areas of China where pig production is practiced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment (CFSA), Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Nan Li
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment (CFSA), Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongyuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment (CFSA), Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Fengqin Li
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment (CFSA), Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Séamus Fanning
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment (CFSA), Beijing, People's Republic of China.,UCD-Centre for Food Safety, School of Public Health, Physiotherapy & Sports Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Tao Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment (CFSA), Beijing, People's Republic of China
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