1
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Walch P, Broz P. Viral-bacterial co-infections screen in vitro reveals molecular processes affecting pathogen proliferation and host cell viability. Nat Commun 2024; 15:8595. [PMID: 39366977 PMCID: PMC11452664 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-52905-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 09/24/2024] [Indexed: 10/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The broadening of accessible methodologies has enabled mechanistic insights into single-pathogen infections, yet the molecular mechanisms underlying co-infections remain largely elusive, despite their clinical frequency and relevance, generally exacerbating symptom severity and fatality. Here, we describe an unbiased in vitro screening of pairwise co-infections in a murine macrophage model, quantifying pathogen proliferation and host cell death in parallel over time. The screen revealed that the majority of interactions are antagonistic for both metrics, highlighting general patterns depending on the pathogen virulence strategy. We subsequently decipher two distinct molecular interaction points: Firstly, murine Adenovirus 3 modifies ASC-dependent inflammasome responses in murine macrophages, altering host cell death and cytokine production, thereby impacting secondary Salmonella infection. Secondly, murine Adenovirus 2 infection triggers upregulation of Mprip, a crucial mediator of phagocytosis, which in turn causes increased Yersinia uptake, specifically in virus pre-infected bone-marrow-derived macrophages. This work therefore encompasses both a first-of-its-kind systematic assessment of host-pathogen-pathogen interactions, and mechanistic insight into molecular mediators during co-infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Walch
- University of Lausanne, Department of Immunobiology, Chemin des Boveresses 155, CH-1066, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Petr Broz
- University of Lausanne, Department of Immunobiology, Chemin des Boveresses 155, CH-1066, Epalinges, Switzerland.
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2
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Fujimoto A, Kawai H, Kawamura R, Kitamura A. Interaction of Receptor-Binding Domain of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Variant with hACE2 and Actin. Cells 2024; 13:1318. [PMID: 39195208 PMCID: PMC11352305 DOI: 10.3390/cells13161318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2024] [Revised: 08/01/2024] [Accepted: 08/04/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
The omicron variant of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was identified in 2021 as a variant with heavy amino acid mutations in the spike protein, which is targeted by most vaccines, compared to previous variants. Amino acid substitutions in the spike proteins may alter their affinity for host viral receptors and the host interactome. Here, we found that the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2 exhibited an increased affinity for human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, a viral cell receptor, compared to the prototype RBD. Moreover, we identified β- and γ-actin as omicron-specific binding partners of RBD. Protein complex predictions revealed that many omicron-specific amino acid substitutions affected the affinity between RBD of the omicron variant and actin. Our findings indicate that proteins localized to different cellular compartments exhibit strong binding to the omicron RBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai Fujimoto
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Sciences, Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, N21W11, Kita-ku, Sapporo 001-0021, Hokkaido, Japan; (A.F.)
| | - Haruki Kawai
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Sciences, Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, N21W11, Kita-ku, Sapporo 001-0021, Hokkaido, Japan; (A.F.)
| | - Rintaro Kawamura
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Sciences, Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, N21W11, Kita-ku, Sapporo 001-0021, Hokkaido, Japan; (A.F.)
| | - Akira Kitamura
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University, N21W11, Kita-ku, Sapporo 001-0021, Hokkaido, Japan
- PRIME, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-0004, Japan
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3
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Lai HY, Fan KC, Lee YH, Lew WZ, Lai WY, Lee SY, Chang WJ, Huang HM. Using a static magnetic field to attenuate the severity in COVID-19-invaded lungs. Sci Rep 2024; 14:16830. [PMID: 39039227 PMCID: PMC11263632 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-67806-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Two important factors affecting the progress of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) are the S-protein binding function of ACE2 receptors and the membrane fluidity of host cells. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of static magnetic field (SMF) on S-protein/ACE2 binding and cellular membrane fluidity of lung cells, and was performed in vitro using a Calu-3 cell model and in vivo using an animal model. The ability of ACE2 receptors to bind to SARS-CoV-2 spike protein on host cell surfaces under SMF stimulation was evaluated using fluorescence images. Host lung cell membrane fluidity was tested using fluorescence polarization to determine the effects of SMF. Our results indicate that 0.4 T SMF can affect binding between S-protein and ACE2 receptors and increase Calu-3 cell membrane fluidity, and that SMF exposure attenuates LPS-induced alveolar wall thickening in mice. These results may be of value for developing future non-contact, non-invasive, and low side-effect treatments to reduce disease severity in COVID-19-invaded lungs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsuan-Yu Lai
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Cheng Fan
- Department of Dentistry, Taipei Medical University Wan Fang Hospital, 11696, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Hua Lee
- Department of Animal Science, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, 912301, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Zhen Lew
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Yi Lai
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, 112062, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Yang Lee
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
- Department of Dentistry, Taipei Medical University Wan Fang Hospital, 11696, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Jen Chang
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
| | - Haw-Ming Huang
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan.
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4
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Sasso-Cerri E, Martinelli VD, de Oliveira SA, da Silva AAS, de Moraes JCG, Cerri PS. Submandibular Gland Pathogenesis Following SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Implications for Xerostomia. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6820. [PMID: 38999930 PMCID: PMC11241347 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25136820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Although SARS-CoV-2 induces mucin hypersecretion in the respiratory tract, hyposalivation/xerostomia has been reported by COVID-19 patients. We evaluate the submandibular gland (SMGs) pathogenesis in SARS-CoV-2-infected K18-hACE2 mice, focusing on the impact of infection on the mucin production and structural integrity of acini, ductal system, myoepithelial cells (MECs) and telocytes. The spike protein, the nucleocapsid protein, hACE2, actin, EGF, TNF-α and IL-1β were detected by immunofluorescence, and the Egfr and Muc5b expression was evaluated. In the infected animals, significant acinar hypertrophy was observed in contrast to ductal atrophy. Nucleocapsid proteins and/or viral particles were detected in the SMG cells, mainly in the nuclear membrane-derived vesicles, confirming the nuclear role in the viral formation. The acinar cells showed intense TNF-α and IL-1β immunoexpression, and the EGF-EGFR signaling increased, together with Muc5b upregulation. This finding explains mucin hypersecretion and acinar hypertrophy, which compress the ducts. Dying MECs and actin reduction were also observed, indicating failure of contraction and acinar support, favoring acinar hypertrophy. Viral assembly was found in the dying telocytes, pointing to these intercommunicating cells as viral transmitters in SMGs. Therefore, EGF-EGFR-induced mucin hypersecretion was triggered by SARS-CoV-2 in acinar cells, likely mediated by cytokines. The damage to telocytes and MECs may have favored the acinar hypertrophy, leading to ductal obstruction, explaining xerostomia in COVID-19 patients. Thus, acinar cells, telocytes and MECs may be viral targets, which favor replication and cell-to-cell viral transmission in the SMG, corroborating the high viral load in saliva of infected individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estela Sasso-Cerri
- Laboratory of Histology and Embryology, Department of Morphology, Genetics, Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Dental School–São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara 14801-903, Brazil; (V.D.M.); (J.C.G.d.M.)
| | - Vitor Dallacqua Martinelli
- Laboratory of Histology and Embryology, Department of Morphology, Genetics, Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Dental School–São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara 14801-903, Brazil; (V.D.M.); (J.C.G.d.M.)
| | - Salmo Azambuja de Oliveira
- Department of Morphology and Genetics, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo 04023-900, Brazil; (S.A.d.O.); (A.A.S.d.S.)
| | - André Acácio Souza da Silva
- Department of Morphology and Genetics, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo 04023-900, Brazil; (S.A.d.O.); (A.A.S.d.S.)
| | - Juliana Cerini Grassi de Moraes
- Laboratory of Histology and Embryology, Department of Morphology, Genetics, Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Dental School–São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara 14801-903, Brazil; (V.D.M.); (J.C.G.d.M.)
| | - Paulo Sérgio Cerri
- Laboratory of Histology and Embryology, Department of Morphology, Genetics, Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Dental School–São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara 14801-903, Brazil; (V.D.M.); (J.C.G.d.M.)
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5
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Mansueto G, Fusco G, Colonna G. A Tiny Viral Protein, SARS-CoV-2-ORF7b: Functional Molecular Mechanisms. Biomolecules 2024; 14:541. [PMID: 38785948 PMCID: PMC11118181 DOI: 10.3390/biom14050541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
This study presents the interaction with the human host metabolism of SARS-CoV-2 ORF7b protein (43 aa), using a protein-protein interaction network analysis. After pruning, we selected from BioGRID the 51 most significant proteins among 2753 proven interactions and 1708 interactors specific to ORF7b. We used these proteins as functional seeds, and we obtained a significant network of 551 nodes via STRING. We performed topological analysis and calculated topological distributions by Cytoscape. By following a hub-and-spoke network architectural model, we were able to identify seven proteins that ranked high as hubs and an additional seven as bottlenecks. Through this interaction model, we identified significant GO-processes (5057 terms in 15 categories) induced in human metabolism by ORF7b. We discovered high statistical significance processes of dysregulated molecular cell mechanisms caused by acting ORF7b. We detected disease-related human proteins and their involvement in metabolic roles, how they relate in a distorted way to signaling and/or functional systems, in particular intra- and inter-cellular signaling systems, and the molecular mechanisms that supervise programmed cell death, with mechanisms similar to that of cancer metastasis diffusion. A cluster analysis showed 10 compact and significant functional clusters, where two of them overlap in a Giant Connected Component core of 206 total nodes. These two clusters contain most of the high-rank nodes. ORF7b acts through these two clusters, inducing most of the metabolic dysregulation. We conducted a co-regulation and transcriptional analysis by hub and bottleneck proteins. This analysis allowed us to define the transcription factors and miRNAs that control the high-ranking proteins and the dysregulated processes within the limits of the poor knowledge that these sectors still impose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gelsomina Mansueto
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche Avanzate, Università della Campania, L. Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy;
| | - Giovanna Fusco
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, 80055 Portici, Italy;
| | - Giovanni Colonna
- Medical Informatics AOU, Università della Campania, L. Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy
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6
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Altina NH, Maranon DG, Anderson JR, Donaldson MK, Elmegerhi S, St Clair LA, Perera R, Geiss BJ, Wilusz J. The leader RNA of SARS-CoV-2 sequesters polypyrimidine tract binding protein (PTBP1) and influences pre-mRNA splicing in infected cells. Virology 2024; 592:109986. [PMID: 38290414 PMCID: PMC10923090 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2024.109986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
The large amount of viral RNA produced during infections has the potential to interact with and effectively sequester cellular RNA binding proteins, thereby influencing aspects of post-transcriptional gene regulation in the infected cell. Here we demonstrate that the abundant 5' leader RNA region of SARS-CoV-2 viral RNAs can interact with the cellular polypyrimidine tract binding protein (PTBP1). Interestingly, the effect of a knockdown of PTBP1 protein on cellular gene expression is also mimicked during SARS-CoV-2 infection, suggesting that this protein may be functionally sequestered by viral RNAs. Consistent with this model, the alternative splicing of mRNAs that is normally controlled by PTBP1 is dysregulated during SARS-CoV-2 infection. Collectively, these data suggest that the SARS-CoV-2 leader RNA sequesters the cellular PTBP1 protein during infection, resulting in significant impacts on the RNA biology of the host cell. These alterations in post-transcriptional gene regulation may play a role in SARS-CoV-2 mediated molecular pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noelia H Altina
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - David G Maranon
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - John R Anderson
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Meghan K Donaldson
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Suad Elmegerhi
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Laura A St Clair
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Rushika Perera
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Brian J Geiss
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Jeffrey Wilusz
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA.
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7
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Caldas LA, Carneiro FA, Augusto I, Corrêa IA, da Costa LJ, Miranda K, Tanuri A, de Souza W. SARS-CoV-2 egress from Vero cells: a morphological approach. Histochem Cell Biol 2024; 161:59-67. [PMID: 37736815 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-023-02239-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Despite being extensively studied because of the current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) interactions with mammalian cells are still poorly understood. Furthermore, little is known about this coronavirus cycle within the host cells, particularly the steps that lead to viral egress. This study aimed to shed light on the morphological features of SARS-CoV-2 egress by utilizing transmission and high-resolution scanning electron microscopy, along with serial electron tomography, to describe the route of nascent virions towards the extracellular medium. Electron microscopy revealed that the clusters of viruses in the paracellular space did not seem to result from collective virus release. Instead, virus accumulation was observed on incurved areas of the cell surface, with egress primarily occurring through individual vesicles. Additionally, our findings showed that the emission of long membrane projections, which could facilitate virus surfing in Vero cells infected with SARS-CoV-2, was also observed in non-infected cultures, suggesting that these are constitutive events in this cell lineage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucio Ayres Caldas
- Laboratório de Ultraestrutura Celular Hertha Meyer, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho 373, Prédio CCS, Bloco C, Subsolo, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, CEP:21941902, Brazil.
- Núcleo Multidisciplinar de Pesquisas em Biologia - NUMPEX-BIO, Campus Duque de Caxias Geraldo Cidade, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Duque de Caxias, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Fabiana Avila Carneiro
- Laboratório de Ultraestrutura Celular Hertha Meyer, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho 373, Prédio CCS, Bloco C, Subsolo, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, CEP:21941902, Brazil
- Núcleo Multidisciplinar de Pesquisas em Biologia - NUMPEX-BIO, Campus Duque de Caxias Geraldo Cidade, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Duque de Caxias, RJ, Brazil
| | - Ingrid Augusto
- Laboratório de Ultraestrutura Celular Hertha Meyer, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho 373, Prédio CCS, Bloco C, Subsolo, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, CEP:21941902, Brazil
| | - Isadora Alonso Corrêa
- Laboratório de Genética e Imunologia das Infecções Virais, Departamento de Virologia, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Laboratório de Virologia Molecular, Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Luciana Jesus da Costa
- Laboratório de Genética e Imunologia das Infecções Virais, Departamento de Virologia, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Laboratório de Virologia Molecular, Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Kildare Miranda
- Laboratório de Ultraestrutura Celular Hertha Meyer, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho 373, Prédio CCS, Bloco C, Subsolo, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, CEP:21941902, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Biologia Estrutural e Bioimagem (INBEB) and Centro Nacional de Biologia Estutural e Bioimagem (CENABIO), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Amilcar Tanuri
- Laboratório de Virologia Molecular, Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Wanderley de Souza
- Laboratório de Ultraestrutura Celular Hertha Meyer, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho 373, Prédio CCS, Bloco C, Subsolo, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, CEP:21941902, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Biologia Estrutural e Bioimagem (INBEB) and Centro Nacional de Biologia Estutural e Bioimagem (CENABIO), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Yan L, Wang P, Zhao C, Zhang B, Zhang B, Guo J, Qiu L. Development of a spotted sea bass (Lateolabrax maculatus) bulbus arteriosus cell line and its application to fish virology and immunology. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 144:109298. [PMID: 38122954 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.109298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
The bulbus arteriosus tissue of teleosts, which is located at the forefront of the heart, is used to reduce the pulse pressure. In this study, we constructed a permanent cell line (LmAB) for the first time using bulbus arteriosus tissue from spotted sea bass (Lateolabrax maculatus). This cell line has been passaged more than 80 times. Currently, it can be subcultured in L-15 medium with 8 % fetal bovine serum added. The optimal fetal bovine serum concentration and culture temperature for LmAB cells at 62 passages are 20 % and 28 °C, respectively. This cell line consists predominantly of epithelial-like cells. We used 18S rRNA gene sequencing to confirm that LmAB cells originated from spotted sea bass. Karyotype analysis revealed that 43 % of LmAB cells in passage 63 had 48 chromosomes. Exogenous plasmid transfection revealed that LmAB cells can express the green fluorescent protein gene with a transfection efficiency of up to 40 %, indicating that these cells can be used for in vitro genetic research. LmAB cells showed susceptibility to nervous necrosis virus, largemouth bass ulcer syndrome virus, and infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus, which results in severe cytopathic effects. PCR analysis verified that these viruses can replicate in LmAB cells, and analysis of cytoskeletal F-actin patterns verified that infected cells exhibit serious changes in their actin cytoskeleton. LmAB cells infected with these three viruses showed increased expressions of interferon signaling pathway genes (IFNd, IFNγ-rel, and ISG15), indicating that the host interferon signaling pathway participates in the antiviral immune response. These findings indicate that our newly developed LmAB cell line is a valuable resource for future research in genetics, virology, and immunology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Yan
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China; Sanya Tropical Fisheries Research Institute, Sanya, China
| | - Pengfei Wang
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China; Sanya Tropical Fisheries Research Institute, Sanya, China
| | - Chao Zhao
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China; Sanya Tropical Fisheries Research Institute, Sanya, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China; Sanya Tropical Fisheries Research Institute, Sanya, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China; Sanya Tropical Fisheries Research Institute, Sanya, China
| | - Jieyun Guo
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lihua Qiu
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China; Sanya Tropical Fisheries Research Institute, Sanya, China; Key Laboratory of Aquatic Genomics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chinese Academy of Fishery Science, Beijing, China.
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9
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Zhang Y, Zhang X, Li Z, Zhao W, Yang H, Zhao S, Tang D, Zhang Q, Li Z, Liu H, Li H, Li B, Lappalainen P, Xu T, Cui Z, Jiu Y. Single particle tracking reveals SARS-CoV-2 regulating and utilizing dynamic filopodia for viral invasion. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2023; 68:2210-2224. [PMID: 37661543 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2023.08.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Although severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) entry mechanism has been explored, little is known about how SARS-CoV-2 regulates the subcellular structural remodeling to invade multiple organs and cell types. Here, we unveil how SARS-CoV-2 boosts and utilizes filopodia to enter the target cells by real-time imaging. Using SARS-CoV-2 single virus-like particle (VLP) tracking in live cells and sparse deconvolution algorithm, we uncover that VLPs utilize filopodia to reach the entry site in two patterns, "surfing" and "grabbing", which avoid the virus from randomly searching on the plasma membrane. Moreover, combining mechanical simulation, we elucidate that the formation of virus-induced filopodia and the retraction speed of filopodia depend on cytoskeleton dynamics and friction resistance at the substrate surface caused by loading-virus gravity, respectively. Further, we discover that the entry process of SARS-CoV-2 via filopodia depends on Cdc42 activity and actin-associated proteins fascin, formin, and Arp2/3. Together, our results highlight that the spatial-temporal regulation of actin cytoskeleton by SARS-CoV-2 infection makes filopodia as a highway for virus entry and potentiates it as an antiviral target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhang
- Unit of Cell Biology and Imaging Study of Pathogen Host Interaction, The Center for Microbes, Development and Health, Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Shanghai Institute of Immunity and Infection, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaowei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Zhongyi Li
- Institute of Biomechanics and Medical Engineering, Applied Mechanics Laboratory, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Weisong Zhao
- Innovation Photonics and Imaging Center, School of Instrumentation Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, China
| | - Hui Yang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Shuangshuang Zhao
- Unit of Cell Biology and Imaging Study of Pathogen Host Interaction, The Center for Microbes, Development and Health, Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Shanghai Institute of Immunity and Infection, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Daijiao Tang
- Unit of Cell Biology and Imaging Study of Pathogen Host Interaction, The Center for Microbes, Development and Health, Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Shanghai Institute of Immunity and Infection, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Unit of Cell Biology and Imaging Study of Pathogen Host Interaction, The Center for Microbes, Development and Health, Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Shanghai Institute of Immunity and Infection, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Zonghong Li
- Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou 510005, China
| | | | - Haoyu Li
- Innovation Photonics and Imaging Center, School of Instrumentation Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, China
| | - Bo Li
- Institute of Biomechanics and Medical Engineering, Applied Mechanics Laboratory, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Pekka Lappalainen
- Institute of Biotechnology and Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Tao Xu
- Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou 510005, China
| | - Zongqiang Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China.
| | - Yaming Jiu
- Unit of Cell Biology and Imaging Study of Pathogen Host Interaction, The Center for Microbes, Development and Health, Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Shanghai Institute of Immunity and Infection, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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10
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Takayasu BS, Rodrigues SS, Madureira Trufen CE, Machado-Santelli GM, Onuki J. Effects on cell cycle progression and cytoskeleton organization of five Bothrops spp. venoms in cell culture-based assays. Heliyon 2023; 9:e18317. [PMID: 37539139 PMCID: PMC10393766 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Snake envenomation is a neglected tropical disease. In Brazil, the Bothrops genus is responsible for about 86% of snakebite accidents. Despite extensive evidence of the cytotoxicity of snake venoms, the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved are not fully understood, especially regarding the effects on cell cycle progression and cytoskeleton organization. Traditionally, the effectiveness and quality control tests of venoms and antivenoms are assessed by in vivo assays. Despite this, there is a rising effort to develop surrogate in vitro models according to the 3R principle (Replacement, Reduction, and Refinement). In this study, we treated rat liver cells (BRL-3A) with venoms from five Bothrops species (B. jararaca, B. jararacussu, B. moojeni, B. alternatus, and B. neuwiedi) and analyzed cell viability and IC50 by MTT assay, cell cycle phases distribution by flow cytometry, and morphology and cytoskeleton alterations by immunofluorescence. In addition, we evaluated the correlation between IC50 and the enzymatic and biological activities of each venom. Our results indicated that Bothrops spp. venoms decreased the cell viability of rat liver BRL-3A cells. The rank order of potency was B. jararacussu > B. moojeni > B. alternatus > B. jararaca > B. neuwiedi. The mechanisms of cytotoxicity were related to microtubules and actin network disruption, but not to cell cycle arrest. No clear correlation was found between the IC50 and retrieved literature data of in vitro enzymatic and in vivo biological activities. This work contributed to understanding cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the Bothrops spp. venom cytotoxicity, which can help to improve envenomation treatment, as well as disclose potential therapeutic properties of snake venoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Sayuri Takayasu
- Laboratory of Structural Biology, Butantan Institute, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Glaucia Maria Machado-Santelli
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Janice Onuki
- Laboratory of Structural Biology, Butantan Institute, São Paulo, Brazil
- Laboratory of Herpetology, Butantan Institute, São Paulo, Brazil
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11
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Zhang B, Ding J, Ma Z. ICP4-Associated Activation of Rap1b Facilitates Herpes Simplex Virus Type I (HSV-1) Infection in Human Corneal Epithelial Cells. Viruses 2023; 15:1457. [PMID: 37515145 PMCID: PMC10385634 DOI: 10.3390/v15071457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The strong contribution of RAS-related protein 1b (Rap1b) to cytoskeleton remodeling determines intracellular and extracellular physiological activities, including the successful infection of viruses in permissive cells, but its role in the HSV-1 life cycle is still unclear. Here, we demonstrated that the HSV-1 immediate early (IE) gene ICP4 inhibits protein kinase A (PKA) phosphorylation to induce Rap1b-activation-mediated viral infection. Rap1b activation and membrane enrichment begin at the early stage of HSV-1 infection and remain active during the proliferation period of the virus. Treating the cells with Rap1b small interfering RNA (siRNA) showed a dose-dependent decrease in viral infection levels, but no dose-dependent increase was observed after Rap1b overexpression. Further investigation indicated that the suppression of Rap1b activation derives from phosphorylated PKA and Rap1b mutants with partial or complete prenylation instead of phosphorylation, which promoted viral infection in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, the PKA agonist Forskolin disturbed Rap1b activation in a dose-dependent manner, accompanied by a decreasing trend in viral infection. Moreover, the HSV-1 IE gene ICP4 induced PKA dephosphorylation, leading to continuous Rap1b activation, followed by cytoskeleton rearrangement induced by cell division control protein 42 (CDC42) and Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 (RAC1). These further stimulated membrane-triggered physiological processes favoring virus infection. Altogether, we show the significance of Rap1b during HSV-1 infection and uncover the viral infection mechanism determined by the posttranslational regulation of the viral ICP4 gene and Rap1b host protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beibei Zhang
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China
| | - Juntao Ding
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China
| | - Zhenghai Ma
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China
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12
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Li M, Peng D, Cao H, Yang X, Li S, Qiu HJ, Li LF. The Host Cytoskeleton Functions as a Pleiotropic Scaffold: Orchestrating Regulation of the Viral Life Cycle and Mediating Host Antiviral Innate Immune Responses. Viruses 2023; 15:1354. [PMID: 37376653 PMCID: PMC10301361 DOI: 10.3390/v15061354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Viruses are obligate intracellular parasites that critically depend on their hosts to initiate infection, complete replication cycles, and generate new progeny virions. To achieve these goals, viruses have evolved numerous elegant strategies to subvert and utilize different cellular machinery. The cytoskeleton is often one of the first components to be hijacked as it provides a convenient transport system for viruses to enter the cell and reach the site of replication. The cytoskeleton is an intricate network involved in controlling the cell shape, cargo transport, signal transduction, and cell division. The host cytoskeleton has complex interactions with viruses during the viral life cycle, as well as cell-to-cell transmission once the life cycle is completed. Additionally, the host also develops unique, cytoskeleton-mediated antiviral innate immune responses. These processes are also involved in pathological damages, although the comprehensive mechanisms remain elusive. In this review, we briefly summarize the functions of some prominent viruses in inducing or hijacking cytoskeletal structures and the related antiviral responses in order to provide new insights into the crosstalk between the cytoskeleton and viruses, which may contribute to the design of novel antivirals targeting the cytoskeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Hua-Ji Qiu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China
| | - Lian-Feng Li
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China
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13
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Gonzalez-Garcia P, Fiorillo Moreno O, Zarate Peñata E, Calderon-Villalba A, Pacheco Lugo L, Acosta Hoyos A, Villarreal Camacho JL, Navarro Quiroz R, Pacheco Londoño L, Aroca Martinez G, Moares N, Gabucio A, Fernandez-Ponce C, Garcia-Cozar F, Navarro Quiroz E. From Cell to Symptoms: The Role of SARS-CoV-2 Cytopathic Effects in the Pathogenesis of COVID-19 and Long COVID. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098290. [PMID: 37175995 PMCID: PMC10179575 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome CoronaVirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection triggers various events from molecular to tissue level, which in turn is given by the intrinsic characteristics of each patient. Given the molecular diversity characteristic of each cellular phenotype, the possible cytopathic, tissue and clinical effects are difficult to predict, which determines the heterogeneity of COVID-19 symptoms. The purpose of this article is to provide a comprehensive review of the cytopathic effects of SARS-CoV-2 on various cell types, focusing on the development of COVID-19, which in turn may lead, in some patients, to a persistence of symptoms after recovery from the disease, a condition known as long COVID. We describe the molecular mechanisms underlying virus-host interactions, including alterations in protein expression, intracellular signaling pathways, and immune responses. In particular, the article highlights the potential impact of these cytopathies on cellular function and clinical outcomes, such as immune dysregulation, neuropsychiatric disorders, and organ damage. The article concludes by discussing future directions for research and implications for the management and treatment of COVID-19 and long COVID.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ornella Fiorillo Moreno
- Clínica Iberoamerica, Barranquilla 080001, Colombia
- Life Science Research Center, Universidad Simon Bolívar, Barranquilla 080001, Colombia
| | - Eloina Zarate Peñata
- Life Science Research Center, Universidad Simon Bolívar, Barranquilla 080001, Colombia
| | | | - Lisandro Pacheco Lugo
- Life Science Research Center, Universidad Simon Bolívar, Barranquilla 080001, Colombia
| | - Antonio Acosta Hoyos
- Life Science Research Center, Universidad Simon Bolívar, Barranquilla 080001, Colombia
| | | | - Roberto Navarro Quiroz
- Department of Structural and Molecular Biology, Molecular Biology Institute of Barcelona, Spanish National Research Council, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Gustavo Aroca Martinez
- Life Science Research Center, Universidad Simon Bolívar, Barranquilla 080001, Colombia
- School of Medicine, Universidad del Norte, Barranquilla 080001, Colombia
| | - Noelia Moares
- Department of Biomedicine, Biotechnology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cadiz, 11003 Cádiz, Spain
| | - Antonio Gabucio
- Department of Biomedicine, Biotechnology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cadiz, 11003 Cádiz, Spain
| | - Cecilia Fernandez-Ponce
- Institute of Biomedical Research Cadiz (INIBICA), 11009 Cádiz, Spain
- Department of Biomedicine, Biotechnology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cadiz, 11003 Cádiz, Spain
| | - Francisco Garcia-Cozar
- Institute of Biomedical Research Cadiz (INIBICA), 11009 Cádiz, Spain
- Department of Biomedicine, Biotechnology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cadiz, 11003 Cádiz, Spain
| | - Elkin Navarro Quiroz
- Life Science Research Center, Universidad Simon Bolívar, Barranquilla 080001, Colombia
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14
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Aita A, Battisti I, Contran N, Furlan S, Padoan A, Franchin C, Barbaro F, Cattelan AM, Zambon CF, Plebani M, Basso D, Arrigoni G. Salivary proteomic analysis in asymptomatic and symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection: Innate immunity, taste perception and FABP5 proteins make the difference. Clin Chim Acta 2022; 537:26-37. [PMID: 36228679 PMCID: PMC9549389 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2022.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM SARS-CoV-2 infection spawns from an asymptomatic condition to a fatal disease. Age, comorbidities, and several blood biomarkers are associated with infection outcome. We searched for biomarkers by untargeted and targeted proteomic analysis of saliva, a source of viral particles and host proteins. METHODS Saliva samples from 19 asymptomatic and 16 symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infected subjects, and 20 controls were analyzed by LC-MS/MS for untargeted peptidomic (flow through of 10 kDa filter) and proteomic (trypsin digestion of filter retained proteins) profiling. RESULTS Peptides from 53 salivary proteins were identified. ADF was detected only in controls, while IL1RA only in infected subjects. PRPs, DSC2, FABP5, his-1, IL1RA, PRH1, STATH, SMR3B, ANXA1, MUC7, ACTN4, IGKV1-33 and TGM3 were significantly different between asymptomatic and symptomatic subjects. Retained proteins were 117, being 11 highly different between asymptomatic and symptomatic (fold change ≥2 or ≤-2). After validation by LC-MS/MS-SRM (selected reaction monitoring analysis), the most significant discriminant proteins at PCA were IL1RA, CYSTB, S100A8, S100A9, CA6, and FABP5. CONCLUSIONS The differentially abundant proteins involved in innate immunity (S100 proteins), taste (CA6 and cystatins), and viral binding to the host (FABP5), appear to be of interest for use as potential biomarkers and drugs targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ada Aita
- Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Ilaria Battisti
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padova, Padova, Italy,Proteomic Center of Padova University and Azienda Ospedaliera di Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Nicole Contran
- Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Serena Furlan
- Proteomic Center of Padova University and Azienda Ospedaliera di Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Andrea Padoan
- Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Cinzia Franchin
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padova, Padova, Italy,Proteomic Center of Padova University and Azienda Ospedaliera di Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Francesco Barbaro
- Tropical and Infectious Diseases Unit, University Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Cattelan
- Tropical and Infectious Diseases Unit, University Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Mario Plebani
- Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Daniela Basso
- Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy,Corresponding author at: Department of Medicine – DIMED, Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Giorgio Arrigoni
- Proteomic Center of Padova University and Azienda Ospedaliera di Padova, Padova, Italy,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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15
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Ultrastructural analysis and three-dimensional reconstruction of cellular structures involved in SARS-CoV-2 spread. Histochem Cell Biol 2022; 159:47-60. [PMID: 36175690 PMCID: PMC9521873 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-022-02152-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The cytoskeleton not only deals with numerous interaction and communication mechanisms at the cellular level but also has a crucial role in the viral infection cycle. Although numerous aspects of SARS-CoV-2 virus interaction at the cellular level have been widely studied, little has been reported about the structural and functional response of the cytoskeleton. This work aims to characterize, at the ultrastructural level, the modifications in the cytoskeleton of infected cells, namely, its participation in filopodia formation, the junction of these nanostructures forming bridges, the viral surfing, and the generation of tunnel effect nanotubes (TNT) as probable structures of intracellular viral dissemination. The three-dimensional reconstruction from the obtained micrographs allowed observing viral propagation events between cells in detail for the first time. More profound knowledge about these cell-cell interaction models in the viral spread mechanisms could lead to a better understanding of the clinical manifestations of COVID-19 disease and to find new therapeutic strategies.
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16
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Iacobucci I, Monaco V, Canè L, Bibbò F, Cioffi V, Cozzolino F, Guarino A, Zollo M, Monti M. Spike S1 domain interactome in non-pulmonary systems: A role beyond the receptor recognition. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:975570. [PMID: 36225252 PMCID: PMC9550266 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.975570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), which, since 2019 in China, has rapidly become a worldwide pandemic. The aggressiveness and global spread were enhanced by the many SARS-CoV-2 variants that have been isolated up to now. These mutations affect mostly the viral glycoprotein Spike (S), the capsid protein mainly involved in the early stages of viral entry processes, through the recognition of specific receptors on the host cell surface. In particular, the subunit S1 of the Spike glycoprotein contains the Receptor Binding Domain (RBD) and it is responsible for the interaction with the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). Although ACE2 is the primary Spike host receptor currently studied, it has been demonstrated that SARS-CoV-2 is also able to infect cells expressing low levels of ACE2, indicating that the virus may have alternative receptors on the host cells. The identification of the alternative receptors can better elucidate the pathogenicity and the tropism of SARS-CoV-2. Therefore, we investigated the Spike S1 interactomes, starting from host membrane proteins of non-pulmonary cell lines, such as human kidney (HK-2), normal colon (NCM460D), and colorectal adenocarcinoma (Caco-2). We employed an affinity purification-mass spectrometry (AP-MS) to pull down, from the membrane protein extracts of all cell lines, the protein partners of the recombinant form of the Spike S1 domain. The purified interactors were identified by a shotgun proteomics approach. The lists of S1 potential interacting proteins were then clusterized according to cellular localization, biological processes, and pathways, highlighting new possible S1 intracellular functions, crucial not only for the entrance mechanisms but also for viral replication and propagation processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Iacobucci
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
- CEINGE Advanced Biotechnologies, Naples, Italy
| | - Vittoria Monaco
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
- CEINGE Advanced Biotechnologies, Naples, Italy
| | - Luisa Canè
- CEINGE Advanced Biotechnologies, Naples, Italy
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesca Bibbò
- CEINGE Advanced Biotechnologies, Naples, Italy
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies (DMMBM), University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
| | - Valentina Cioffi
- Department of Translational Medical Science, Section of Pediatrics, University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
| | - Flora Cozzolino
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
- CEINGE Advanced Biotechnologies, Naples, Italy
| | - Alfredo Guarino
- Department of Translational Medical Science, Section of Pediatrics, University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
| | - Massimo Zollo
- CEINGE Advanced Biotechnologies, Naples, Italy
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies (DMMBM), University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Monti
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
- CEINGE Advanced Biotechnologies, Naples, Italy
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17
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Khan AA, Jain SK, Rai M, Panda S. Exploring SARS-CoV2 host-pathogen interactions and associated fungal infections cross-talk: Screening of targets and understanding pathogenesis. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2022; 20:4351-4359. [PMID: 35965662 PMCID: PMC9364728 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2022.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 associated opportunistic fungal infections have posed major challenges in recent times. Global scientific efforts have identified several SARS-CoV2 host-pathogen interactions in a very short time span. However, information about the molecular basis of COVID-19 associated opportunistic fungal infections is not readily available. Previous studies have identified a number of host targets involved in these opportunistic fungal infections showing association with COVID-19 patients. We screened host targets involved in COVID-19-associated opportunistic fungal infections, in addition to host-pathogen interaction data of SARS-CoV2 from well-known and widely used biological databases. Venn diagram was prepared to screen common host targets involved in studied COVID-19-associated fungal infections. Moreover, an interaction network of studied disease targets was prepared with STRING to identify important targets on the basis of network biological parameters. The host-pathogen interaction (HPI) map of SARS-CoV2 was also prepared and screened to identify interactions of the virus with targets involved in studied fungal infections. Pathway enrichment analysis of host targets involved in studied opportunistic fungal infections and the subset of those involved in SARS-CoV2 HPI were performed separately. This data-based analysis screened six common targets involved in all studied fungal infections, among which CARD9 and CYP51A1 were involved in host-pathogen interactions with SARS-CoV2. Moreover, several signaling pathways such as integrin signaling were screened, which were associated with disease targets involved in SARS-CoV2 HPI. The results of this study indicate several host targets deserving detailed investigation to develop strategies for the management of SARS-CoV2-associated fungal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Arif Khan
- Division of Microbiology, ICMR-National AIDS Research Institute, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sudhir K Jain
- School of Studies in Microbiology, Vikram University, Ujjain (MP), India
| | - Mahendra Rai
- Department of Microbiology, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Torun, Poland.,Department of Biotechnology, Sant Gadge Baba Amravati University, Amravati, Maharashtra, India
| | - Samiran Panda
- Indian Council of Medical Research, V. Ramalingaswami Bhawan, P.O. Box No. 4911, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi Pin-110029, India
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18
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Pepe A, Pietropaoli S, Vos M, Barba-Spaeth G, Zurzolo C. Tunneling nanotubes provide a route for SARS-CoV-2 spreading. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabo0171. [PMID: 35857849 PMCID: PMC9299553 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abo0171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Neurological manifestations of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection represent a major issue in long coronavirus disease. How SARS-CoV-2 gains access to the brain and how infection leads to neurological symptoms are not clear because the principal means of viral entry by endocytosis, the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptor, are barely detectable in the brain. We report that human neuronal cells, nonpermissive to infection through the endocytic pathway, can be infected when cocultured with permissive infected epithelial cells. SARS-CoV-2 induces the formation of tunneling nanotubes (TNTs) and exploits this route to spread to uninfected cells. In cellulo correlative fluorescence and cryo-electron tomography reveal that SARS-CoV-2 is associated with TNTs between permissive cells. Furthermore, multiple vesicular structures such as double-membrane vesicles, sites of viral replication, are observed inside TNTs between permissive and nonpermissive cells. Our data highlight a previously unknown mechanism of SARS-CoV-2 spreading, likely used as a route to invade nonpermissive cells and potentiate infection in permissive cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Pepe
- Unité de Trafic Membranaire et Pathogénèse, Département de Biologie Cellulaire et Infection, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR3691, Université Paris Cité, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Stefano Pietropaoli
- Unité de Virologie Structurale, CNRS UMR 3569 Département de Virologie, Institut Pasteur 28 rue du Docteur Roux, Université Paris Cité, 75015 Paris, France
- Catalent Pharma Solutions, Strada Provinciale 12 Casilina, 41, 03012 Anagni, Frosinone, Italy
| | - Matthijn Vos
- Plateforme Technologique Nanoimagerie Institut Pasteur, 25 rue du Docteur Roux, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Giovanna Barba-Spaeth
- Unité de Virologie Structurale, CNRS UMR 3569 Département de Virologie, Institut Pasteur 28 rue du Docteur Roux, Université Paris Cité, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Chiara Zurzolo
- Unité de Trafic Membranaire et Pathogénèse, Département de Biologie Cellulaire et Infection, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR3691, Université Paris Cité, 75015 Paris, France
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