1
|
Gotgi NM, Jain JS, Pal R, Ghosh D. Electrochemical and photochemical reaction of isatins: a decade update. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:3352-3375. [PMID: 38607323 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob00202d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
This review presents the latest progress in photochemical and electrochemical reactions involving isatins. Isatin and its functionalized scaffolds e.g., oxindoles, spirooxindoles, and quinolines are privileged heterocycles as they are largely present in several agrochemical, natural products, and pharmaceuticals. Thus, the functionalization of isatins using sustainable approaches, i.e., electro- and photochemical methods is of recent research interest worldwide. In this review, we have discussed most of the important reactions of isatins based on types of bond formation involved under electro- and photochemical conditions over the last decade. The reaction mechanism for each reaction has been discussed in detail to offer an inclusive guide to readers. Lastly, a summary of current challenges and the future outlook toward the development of effective electrochemical and photochemical methods for the reaction of isatins is also presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nandini M Gotgi
- Department of Chemistry, St Joseph's University, 36 Lalbagh Road, Shanthinagar, Bengaluru-560027, Karnataka, India.
| | - J Saurab Jain
- Department of Chemistry, St Joseph's University, 36 Lalbagh Road, Shanthinagar, Bengaluru-560027, Karnataka, India.
| | - Rita Pal
- Department of Chemistry, St Joseph's University, 36 Lalbagh Road, Shanthinagar, Bengaluru-560027, Karnataka, India.
| | - Debashis Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, St Joseph's University, 36 Lalbagh Road, Shanthinagar, Bengaluru-560027, Karnataka, India.
- Department of Chemistry, St. Joseph's College (Autonomous), 36 Lalbagh Road, Shanthinagar, Bengaluru-560027, Karnataka, India
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Teli P, Soni S, Teli S, Agarwal S. Unlocking Diversity: From Simple to Cutting-Edge Synthetic Methodologies of Bis(indolyl)methanes. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2024; 382:8. [PMID: 38403746 DOI: 10.1007/s41061-024-00454-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
From a synthetic perspective, bis(indolyl)methanes have undergone extensive investigation over the past two to three decades owing to their remarkable pharmacological activities, encompassing anticancer, antimicrobial, antioxidant, and antiinflammatory properties. These highly desirable attributes have spurred significant interest within the scientific community, leading to the development of various synthetic strategies that are not only more efficient but also ecofriendly. This synthesis-based literature review delves into the advancements made in the past 5 years, focusing on the synthesis of symmetrical as well as unsymmetrical bis(indolyl)methanes. The review encompasses a wide array of methods, ranging from well-established techniques to more unconventional and innovative approaches. Furthermore, it highlights the exploration of various substrates, encompassing readily available chemicals such as indole, aldehydes/ketones, indolyl methanols, etc. as well as the use of some specific compounds as starting materials to achieve the synthesis of this invaluable molecule. By encapsulating the latest developments in this field, this review provides insights into the expanding horizons of bis(indolyl)methane synthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj Teli
- Department of Chemistry, Synthetic Organic Chemistry Laboratory, MLSU, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Shivani Soni
- Department of Chemistry, Synthetic Organic Chemistry Laboratory, MLSU, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Sunita Teli
- Department of Chemistry, Synthetic Organic Chemistry Laboratory, MLSU, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Shikha Agarwal
- Department of Chemistry, Synthetic Organic Chemistry Laboratory, MLSU, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ahdenov R, Mohammadi AA, Makarem S, Taheri S, Mollabagher H. Eelectrosynthesis of benzothiazole derivatives via C–H thiolation. HETEROCYCL COMMUN 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/hc-2022-0008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Benzothiazole derivatives are essential intermediates in synthesizing a wide variety of medical and pharmaceutical compounds, and there is a great demand for a simple and efficient method to synthesize benzothiazoles under mild reaction conditions. Organic electrosynthesis as an energy-efficient process represents an environmentally benign and safer method than traditional methods for organic synthesis. Herein, we present bromine-free and straightforward synthesis of 2-amino benzothiazole derivatives via the reaction of aniline derivatives and ammonium thiocyanate using electrosynthesis in the presence of sodium bromide both as an electrolyte and as a brominating agent at room temperature in isopropyl alcohol (i-PrOH) as a solvent. The reaction of ammonium thiocyanate via C–H thiolation routes, using various aniline derivatives, resulted in a simple, green, and bromine-free synthesis of 2-amino benzothiazole in moderate to good yields under mild reaction conditions. Riluzole drug can be produced using the same procedure in moderate yields.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Reza Ahdenov
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Research Center of Iran (CCERCI) , 14335-186 , Tehran , Iran
| | - Ali Asghar Mohammadi
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Research Center of Iran (CCERCI) , 14335-186 , Tehran , Iran
| | - Somayeh Makarem
- Department of Chemistry, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University , Karaj , Iran
| | - Salman Taheri
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Research Center of Iran (CCERCI) , 14335-186 , Tehran , Iran
| | - Hoda Mollabagher
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Research Center of Iran (CCERCI) , 14335-186 , Tehran , Iran
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Makarem S. Three‐component electrosynthesis of spirooxindole‐pyran derivatives through a simple and efficient method. J Heterocycl Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.3885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Somayeh Makarem
- Department of Chemistry, Karaj BranchIslamic Azad University Karaj Iran
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Asghariganjeh MR, Mohammadi AA, Tahanpesar E, Rayatzadeh A, Makarem S. Electro-organic synthesis of tetrahydroimidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-5(1H)-one via a multicomponent reaction. Mol Divers 2020; 25:509-516. [PMID: 31919737 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-019-10029-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Electro-synthesis through a one-pot three-component condensation of corresponding aldehydes, Meldrum's acid, and 2-(nitromethylene)imidazolidine resulted in a series of novel tetrahydroimidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-5(1H)-one derivatives containing an electronegative pharmacophore (=CNO2). The process was carried out in propanol medium with sodium bromide presented as electrolyte, inside an undivided cell with good to excellent yields. As a powerful entry into fused polycyclic structures related to bioactive heterocycles, this green protocol shows great potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Reza Asghariganjeh
- Department of Chemistry, Khuzestan Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran.,Department of Chemistry, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Ali Asghar Mohammadi
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Research Center of Iran (CCERCI), 14335-186, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Elham Tahanpesar
- Department of Chemistry, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Ayeh Rayatzadeh
- Department of Chemistry, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Somayeh Makarem
- Department of Chemistry, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Makarem S, Karimi P. Electro synthesis of spirocyclic oxindole and computational studies for investigating the relationship between molecular properties and stability. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s00706-019-02520-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
7
|
Green pseudo-multicomponent synthesis of some new spirocyclopropane derivatives via electro-catalyzed reaction. Mol Divers 2019; 24:763-770. [PMID: 31414305 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-019-09979-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Due to the diverse applications of cyclopropane analogs in bioorganic, medicinal, and pharmaceutical chemistry, a clean and efficient procedure was established to synthesize spirocyclopropane via an electrochemical reaction which involves a sequence of Michael addition, halogenation, and intramolecular ring-closing reaction. In this study, an environmentally benign synthesis of spirocyclopropane was carried out through the condensation of indan-1,3-dione by aromatic aldehydes or 2-benzylidenemalononitrile derivatives. Constant current electrosynthesis was applied to a mixture of propanol containing sodium bromide as an electrolyte and a brominating agent at room temperature, respectively.
Collapse
|
8
|
Sayyar R, Makarem S, Mirza B. Organic Electrosynthesis as a New Facile and Green Method for One‐pot Synthesis of Nanosized Particles of Octahydro‐imidazo[1,2‐
a
]quinolin‐6‐one Derivatives
via
a Multicomponent Reaction. J Heterocycl Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.3562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rana Sayyar
- Department of Chemistry, Karaj BranchIslamic Azad University Karaj Iran
| | - Somayeh Makarem
- Department of Chemistry, Karaj BranchIslamic Azad University Karaj Iran
| | - Behrooz Mirza
- Department of Chemistry, Karaj BranchIslamic Azad University Karaj Iran
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Mohammadi Ziarani G, Moradi R, Badiei A, Lashgari N, Moradi B, Abolhasani Soorki A. Efficient green synthesis of 3,3-di(indolyl)indolin-2-ones using sulfonic acid functionalized nanoporous SBA-Pr-SO3H and study of their antimicrobial properties. JOURNAL OF TAIBAH UNIVERSITY FOR SCIENCE 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtusci.2014.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Razieh Moradi
- Department of Chemistry, Alzahra UniversityP.O. Box 1993891176TehranIran
| | - Alireza Badiei
- School of Chemistry, College of Science, University of TehranTehranIran
| | - Negar Lashgari
- School of Chemistry, College of Science, University of TehranTehranIran
| | - Borzou Moradi
- Department of Chemistry, Razi UniversityKermanshahIran
| | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Mohammadi AA, Taheri S, Amouzegar A. An Efficient One‐Pot Four‐Component Synthesis of Some New Spirooxindole Dihydropyridine Using Alum as a Heterogeneous Green Catalyst. J Heterocycl Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.2757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ali A. Mohammadi
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Research Center of Iran (CCERCI) PO Box 14335‐186 Tehran Iran
| | - Salman Taheri
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Research Center of Iran (CCERCI) PO Box 14335‐186 Tehran Iran
| | - Ali Amouzegar
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Research Center of Iran (CCERCI) PO Box 14335‐186 Tehran Iran
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Darvish ZM, Mirza B, Makarem S. Electrocatalytic Multicomponent Reaction for Synthesis of Nanoparticles of Spirooxindole Derivatives from Isatins, Malononitrile, and Dimedone. J Heterocycl Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.2755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Behrooz Mirza
- Department of Chemistry, South Tehran BranchIslamic Azad University Tehran Iran
| | - Somayeh Makarem
- Department of Chemistry, Karaj BranchIslamic Azad University Karaj Iran
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Mohammadi Ziarani G, Moradi R, Lashgari N. Asymmetric synthesis of chiral 3,3-disubstituted oxindoles using isatin as starting material. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2015.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
|
13
|
Ghanbari K, Nikoofar K. Electrosynthesis of 3,3-di(indolyl)indolin-2-one nanorods. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s00706-014-1252-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
14
|
Makarem S, Fakhari AR, Mohammadi AA. Electro-Organic Synthesis of Nanosized Particles of 2-Amino-pyranes. Ind Eng Chem Res 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/ie200997b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Somayeh Makarem
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty
of Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, G. C., P.O. Box 19396- 4716, Evin, Tehran, I. R. Iran
| | - Ali Reza Fakhari
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty
of Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, G. C., P.O. Box 19396- 4716, Evin, Tehran, I. R. Iran
| | - Ali Asghar Mohammadi
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Research Center of Iran, PO Box 14335-186,
Tehran, I. R. Iran
| |
Collapse
|