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Uranjek G, Horvat M, Milačič R, Rošer J, Kotnik J. Assessment of dimethyl sulphide odorous emissions during coal extraction process in Coal Mine Velenje. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2023; 195:1269. [PMID: 37792086 PMCID: PMC10550855 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-11755-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Underground coal extraction at Coal Mine Velenje occasionally gives rise to odour complaints from local residents. This manuscript describes a robust quantification of odorous emissions of mine sources and a model-based analysis aimed to establish a better understanding of the sources, concentrations, dispersion, and possible control of odorous compounds during coal extraction process. Major odour sources during underground mining are released volatile sulphur compounds from coal seam that have characteristic malodours at extremely low concentrations at micrograms per cubic metre (μg/m3) levels. Analysis of 1028 gas samples taken over a 6-year period (2008-2013) reveals that dimethyl sulphide ((CH3)2S) is the major odour active compound present in the mine, being detected on 679 occasions throughout the mine, while hydrogen sulphide (H2S) and sulphur dioxide (SO2) were detected 5 and 26 times. Analysis of gas samples has shown that main DMS sources in the mine are coal extraction locations at longwall faces and development headings and that DMS is releasing during transport from main coal transport system. The dispersion simulations of odour sources in the mine have shown that the concentrations of DMS at median levels can represent relatively modest odour nuisance. While at peak levels, the concentration of DMS remained sufficiently high to create an odour problem both in the mine and on the surface. Overall, dispersion simulations have shown that ventilation regulation on its own is not sufficient as an odour abatement measure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregor Uranjek
- Coal Mine Velenje, Partizanska 78, 3320, Velenje, Slovenia
- Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School Ljubljana, Jamova 39, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Milena Horvat
- Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School Ljubljana, Jamova 39, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Radmila Milačič
- Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School Ljubljana, Jamova 39, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Janez Rošer
- Coal Mine Velenje, Partizanska 78, 3320, Velenje, Slovenia
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Engineering, Aškerčeva 12, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Jože Kotnik
- Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School Ljubljana, Jamova 39, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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Ali MEM, Moniem SM, Hemdan BA, Ammar NS, Ibrahim HS. Innovative polymeric inorganic coagulant-flocculant for wastewater purification with simultaneous microbial reduction in treated effluent and sludge. SOUTH AFRICAN JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sajce.2022.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Dobrzyniewski D, Szulczyński B, Gębicki J. Determination of Odor Air Quality Index (OAQII) Using Gas Sensor Matrix. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27134180. [PMID: 35807428 PMCID: PMC9268730 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27134180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This article presents a new way to determine odor nuisance based on the proposed odor air quality index (OAQII), using an instrumental method. This indicator relates the most important odor features, such as intensity, hedonic tone and odor concentration. The research was conducted at the compost screening yard of the municipal treatment plant in Central Poland, on which a self-constructed gas sensor array was placed. It consisted of five commercially available gas sensors: three metal oxide semiconductor (MOS) chemical sensors and two electrochemical ones. To calibrate and validate the matrix, odor concentrations were determined within the composting yard using the field olfactometry technique. Five mathematical models (e.g., multiple linear regression and principal component regression) were used as calibration methods. Two methods were used to extract signals from the matrix: maximum signal values from individual sensors and the logarithm of the ratio of the maximum signal to the sensor baseline. The developed models were used to determine the predicted odor concentrations. The selection of the optimal model was based on the compatibility with olfactometric measurements, taking the mean square error as a criterion and their accordance with the proposed OAQII. For the first method of extracting signals from the matrix, the best model was characterized by RMSE equal to 8.092 and consistency in indices at the level of 0.85. In the case of the logarithmic approach, these values were 4.220 and 0.98, respectively. The obtained results allow to conclude that gas sensor arrays can be successfully used for air quality monitoring; however, the key issues are data processing and the selection of an appropriate mathematical model.
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Analysis of Separation Distances under Varying Odour Emission Rates and Meteorology: A WWTP Case Study. ATMOSPHERE 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos11090962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A wide variability of odour impact criteria is found around the world. The objective of this research work was to evaluate the influence of the uncertainties related to some individual stages of odour impact assessment in the application of regulatory criteria. The evaluation procedure was established by following the guidelines of the Northern Italian regions. A wastewater treatment plant located in Northern Italy was considered as a case study. Odour dispersion modelling was carried out with the CALPUFF model. The study focused on two phases of the assessment. The first phase was the selection of the meteorology datasets. For low odour concentration thresholds (CT = 1 OU m−3), the results showed that two different years (2018 and 2019) provided similar patterns of the separation distances. The difference between the two years tended to increase by increasing the value of the concentration threshold (CT = 3 OU m−3 and CT = 5 OU m−3). The second phase of the assessment was the selection of the open field correction method for wind velocity used in the calculation of odour emission rates (OERs). Three different relationships were considered: the power law, the logarithmic law and the Deaves–Harris (D–H) law. The results showed that OERs and separation distances varied depending on the selected method. Taking the power law as the reference, the average variability of the separation distances was between −7% (D–H law) and +10% (logarithmic law). Higher variability (up to 25%) was found for single transport distances. The present study provides knowledge towards a better alignment of the concept of the odour impact criteria.
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Ravina M, Panepinto D, Mejia Estrada J, De Giorgio L, Salizzoni P, Zanetti M, Meucci L. Integrated model for estimating odor emissions from civil wastewater treatment plants. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:3992-4007. [PMID: 31823259 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-06939-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this research project was the design and development of an integrated model for odor emission estimation in wastewater treatment plants. The SMAT's plant, the largest wastewater treatment facility in Italy, was used as a case study. This article reports the results of the characterization phase that led to the definition and design of the proposed conceptual model for odor emission estimation. In this phase, concentrations of odor chemical tracers (VOC, H2S, NH3) and odor concentrations were monitored repeatedly. VOC screening with GC-MS analysis was also performed. VOC concentrations showed significant variability in space and magnitude. NH3 and H2S were also detected at considerable concentrations. Results were elaborated to define a spatially variable linear relationship between the sum of odor activity values (SOAV) and odor concentrations. Based on the results, a conceptual operational model was presented and discussed. The proposed system is composed by a network of continuous measurement stations, a set of algorithms for data elaboration and synchronization, and emission dispersion modeling with the application of Lagrangian atmospheric models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Ravina
- Department of Environment, Land and Infrastructure Engineering, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129, Turin, Italy.
| | - Deborah Panepinto
- Department of Environment, Land and Infrastructure Engineering, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129, Turin, Italy
| | - Jheyson Mejia Estrada
- Laboratoire de Mécanique des Fluides et d'Acoustique, UMR CNRS 5509, University of Lyon - École Centrale de Lyon, INSA Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon I, 36, Avenue Guy de Collongue, 69134, Écully CEDEX, France
| | - Luca De Giorgio
- SMAT Research Centre, Corso XI Febbraio 14, 10152, Turin, Italy
| | - Pietro Salizzoni
- Laboratoire de Mécanique des Fluides et d'Acoustique, UMR CNRS 5509, University of Lyon - École Centrale de Lyon, INSA Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon I, 36, Avenue Guy de Collongue, 69134, Écully CEDEX, France
| | - Mariachiara Zanetti
- Department of Environment, Land and Infrastructure Engineering, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129, Turin, Italy
| | - Lorenza Meucci
- SMAT Research Centre, Corso XI Febbraio 14, 10152, Turin, Italy
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Abstract
In recent years, citizens’ attention towards air quality and pollution has increased significantly, and nowadays, odor pollution related to different industrial activities is recognized as a well-known environmental issue. For this reason, odors are subjected to control and regulation in many countries, and specific methods for odor measurement have been developed and standardized over the years. This paper, conceived within the H2020 D-NOSES project, summarizes odor measurement techniques, highlighting their applicability, advantages, and limits, with the aim of providing experienced as well as non-experienced users a useful tool that can be consulted in the management of specific odor problems for evaluating and identifying the most suitable approach. The paper also presents relevant examples of the application of the different methods discussed, thereby mainly referring to scientific articles published over the last 10 years.
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Amaral MSS, Marriott PJ. The Blossoming of Technology for the Analysis of Complex Aroma Bouquets-A Review on Flavour and Odorant Multidimensional and Comprehensive Gas Chromatography Applications. Molecules 2019; 24:E2080. [PMID: 31159223 PMCID: PMC6600270 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24112080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Multidimensional approaches in gas chromatography have been established as potent tools to (almost) attain fully resolved analyses. Flavours and odours are important application fields for these techniques since they include complex matrices, and are of interest for both scientific study and to consumers. This article is a review of the main research studies in the above theme, discussing the achievements and challenges that demonstrate a maturing of analytical separation technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle S S Amaral
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science, School of Chemistry, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia.
| | - Philip J Marriott
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science, School of Chemistry, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia.
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Byliński H, Gębicki J, Namieśnik J. Evaluation of Health Hazard Due to Emission of Volatile Organic Compounds from Various Processing Units of Wastewater Treatment Plant. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16101712. [PMID: 31100774 PMCID: PMC6571638 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16101712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The paper describes an attempt at health risk assessment and odour concentration determination in the most important units of a wastewater treatment plant. The cancer risk (CR) and hazard index (HI) parameters in selected measurement locations were calculated based on the results of chromatographic analyses (GCxGC-TOF-MS) and the United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) guidelines. No exceedance of the CR and HI acceptable levels was observed for identified and quantitatively determined compounds from the VOCs group. The acceptable level was exceeded for the summary HI parameter. Following a classification of the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), it was noticed that the highest hazard was connected to the presence of formaldehyde belonging to group 1—the compounds regarded as carcinogenic. Based on the olfactometric analyses, it was estimated that the highest odour concentration, 37.2 ou/m3, occurred at the solid waste composting piles. It was also revealed that an increase in odour concentration corresponded to a higher health risk for employees of the wastewater treatment plant, due to exposure to volatile odorous compounds. Accordingly, this method of odour measurement can be a fast indicator describing health risk level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hubert Byliński
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12 Street, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Jacek Gębicki
- Department of Process Engineering and Chemical Technology, Chemical Faculty, Gdańsk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12 Street, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Jacek Namieśnik
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12 Street, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland.
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Byliński H, Barczak RJ, Gębicki J, Namieśnik J. Monitoring of odors emitted from stabilized dewatered sludge subjected to aging using proton transfer reaction-mass spectrometry. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:5500-5513. [PMID: 30610582 PMCID: PMC6403207 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-4041-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
One of the potential emission sources of odorous compounds from wastewater treatment plants is sludge processing. The odorous compounds released from dewatered sludge can result in odor nuisance. This study concerns the use of flux hood chamber combined with proton transfer reaction-time of flight-mass spectrometry (PTR-MS) technique for periodical monitoring of odorous compounds emitted from aged, stabilized dewatered sludge samples from 2 different wastewater treatment plants located in Pomeranian Voivodeship, Poland. Based on determined concentration of the chemical compounds and olfactory threshold values, theoretical odor concentrations (known also as "odor activity value" or "odor index") were calculated for 17 selected odorous compounds. As a result, sulfur compounds such as diethyl sulphide, dimethyl sulphide, methanethiol, and ethanethiol were estimated as the most significant chemical compounds responsible for malodorous effect (average results, e.g., methanethiol, 178 ou/m3; diethyl sulphide, 184 ou/m3). Based on Pearson correlation coefficient, we revealed a correlation between odorous substances emitted from aged, stabilized dewatered sludge cakes. It was revealed that stabilized dewatered sludge still possessed significant amount of odorous compounds and applied measurement technique could be used for monitoring of odor concentration level of selected malodorous compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hubert Byliński
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12 Street, 80-233, Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Radosław J Barczak
- Faculty of Building Services, Hydro and Environmental Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, 20 Nowowiejska Street, 00-653, Warsaw, Poland
- UNSW Water Research Centre, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Jacek Gębicki
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Process Engineering and Chemical Technology, Gdańsk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12 Street, Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Jacek Namieśnik
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12 Street, 80-233, Gdańsk, Poland
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Fisher RM, Barczak RJ, Suffet IHM, Hayes JE, Stuetz RM. Framework for the use of odour wheels to manage odours throughout wastewater biosolids processing. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 634:214-223. [PMID: 29627544 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.03.352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Odorous emissions from wastewater biosolids processing can cause nuisance impacts to the surrounding community. Odour Wheels are an effective tool for environmental odour management, but have yet to be provided for wastewater biosolids processing. Emissions throughout the biosolids processing from eight wastewater treatment plants, each with different unit operation configurations, were surveyed to identify odorants present and their olfactory properties. Chemical and olfactory methods identified a range of odorants and odours emitted throughout biosolids processing. Within the biosolids processing locations studied Sulfur type odours, described as rotten eggs or cabbage, were typically encountered. However, there was also a varying presence of Rancid/putrid and Faecal/manure type odours. Odour Wheels were generated to communicate both the olfactory and chemical components of emissions which were measured throughout biosolids processing. Examples based on the operation of the eight wastewater treatment plants were used to demonstrate how the Odour Wheels can be used as an onsite odour management aid. The paper demonstrates how Odour Wheels can be prepared using chemical and olfactory measurements and then used to communicate olfactory properties, as well as identify the causes of nuisance emissions throughout biosolids processing at wastewater treatment plants. The linking of odours and odorants to process conditions throughout biosolids processing facilitates effective abatement and management practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth M Fisher
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Radoslaw J Barczak
- Faculty of Building Service, Hydro and Environmental Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - I H Mel Suffet
- Dept. of Env. Health Sciences and Environmental Science and Engineering Program, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - James E Hayes
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Richard M Stuetz
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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Complementary use of GCxGC-TOF-MS and statistics for differentiation of variety in biosolid samples. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2018; 149:1587-1594. [PMID: 30174346 PMCID: PMC6105208 DOI: 10.1007/s00706-018-2221-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Badach J, Kolasińska P, Paciorek M, Wojnowski W, Dymerski T, Gębicki J, Dymnicka M, Namieśnik J. A case study of odour nuisance evaluation in the context of integrated urban planning. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2018; 213:417-424. [PMID: 29505997 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.02.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2017] [Revised: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Odour nuisance poses a serious problem in many urban areas, yet its evaluation and mitigation is often omitted in the urban planning process. By identifying its range and spatio-temporal variations, it could be taken into consideration by planners in urban development strategies and land use decisions. The aim of the study was to present the application of odour evaluation techniques in the improvement of the quality of life in the built environment. The problem of odours is discussed in regard to human health, social aspects and current practices in the management of spatial development. The application possibilities of field olfactometry are demonstrated based on a case study of a municipal landfill which is a major source of odour nuisance for the adjacent areas. The results of odour nuisance measurements were field olfactometry combined with topographical and meteorological data. Using dispersion modelling (non-steady-state Lagrangian Gaussian puff model CALPUFF with dedicated meteorological pre-processor CALMET) it was possible to calculate odour concentrations and to place the measured odour concentrations in a specific spatial context. The obtained results were juxtaposed with local development strategies and discussed in the context of environmental-based planning. We suggest that odour evaluation and dispersion modelling are valid tools in managing the dynamics of urban growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Badach
- Gdańsk University of Technology, Faculty of Architecture, Department of Urban Design and Regional Planning, 11/12 Narutowicza Street, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Paulina Kolasińska
- Gdańsk University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Poland
| | | | - Wojciech Wojnowski
- Gdańsk University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Poland
| | - Tomasz Dymerski
- Gdańsk University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Poland
| | - Jacek Gębicki
- Gdańsk University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Dymnicka
- Gdańsk University of Technology, Faculty of Architecture, Department of Urban Design and Regional Planning, 11/12 Narutowicza Street, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Jacek Namieśnik
- Gdańsk University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Poland
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