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Russell S, Bruns N. Encapsulation of Fragrances in Micro- and Nano-Capsules, Polymeric Micelles, and Polymersomes. Macromol Rapid Commun 2023; 44:e2300120. [PMID: 37150605 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202300120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Fragrances are ubiquitously and extensively used in everyday life and several industrial applications, including perfumes, textiles, laundry formulations, hygiene household products, and food products. However, the intrinsic volatility of these small organic molecules leaves them particularly susceptible to fast depletion from a product or from the surface they have been applied to. Encapsulation is a very effective method to limit the loss of fragrance during their use and to sustain their release. This review gives an overview of the different materials and techniques used for the encapsulation of fragrances, scents, and aromas, as well as the methods used to characterize the resulting encapsulation systems, with a particular focus on cyclodextrins, polymer microcapsules, inorganic microcapsules, block copolymer micelles, and polymersomes for fragrance encapsulation, sustained release, and controlled release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam Russell
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Darmstadt, Peter-Grünberg-Str. 4, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Thomas Graham Building, 295 Cathedral Street, G1 1XL, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Nico Bruns
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Darmstadt, Peter-Grünberg-Str. 4, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Thomas Graham Building, 295 Cathedral Street, G1 1XL, Glasgow, United Kingdom
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Saura-Sanmartin A, Andreu-Ardil L. Recent Advances in the Preparation of Delivery Systems for the Controlled Release of Scents. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054685. [PMID: 36902122 PMCID: PMC10002519 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Scents are volatile compounds highly employed in a wide range of manufactured items, such as fine perfumery, household products, and functional foods. One of the main directions of the research in this area aims to enhance the longevity of scents by designing efficient delivery systems to control the release rate of these volatile molecules and also increase their stability. Several approaches to release scents in a controlled manner have been developed in recent years. Thus, different controlled release systems have been prepared, including polymers, metal-organic frameworks and mechanically interlocked systems, among others. This review is focused on the preparation of different scaffolds to accomplish a slow release of scents, by pointing out examples reported in the last five years. In addition to discuss selected examples, a critical perspective on the state of the art of this research field is provided, comparing the different types of scent delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Saura-Sanmartin
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
- Correspondence:
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Kleoff M, Kiler P, Heretsch P. Synthesis of odorants in flow and their applications in perfumery. Beilstein J Org Chem 2022; 18:754-768. [PMID: 35859624 PMCID: PMC9263551 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.18.76] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Continuous flow technology is a key technology for sustainable manufacturing with numerous applications for the synthesis of fine chemicals. In recent years, the preparation of odorants utilizing the advantages of flow reactors received growing attention. In this review, we give an overview of selected methods for the synthesis of odorants in flow, including heterogeneously catalyzed reactions, gas reactions, and photochemical C–H functionalization processes. After a brief introduction on types of odorants, the presented odorant syntheses are ordered according to the main odor families “fruity”, “green”, “marine”, “floral”, “spicy”, “woody”, “ambery”, and “musky” and their use and importance for perfumery is briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merlin Kleoff
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Fabeckstr. 34-36, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Paul Kiler
- PK Perfumes, Menifee, California, United States of America
| | - Philipp Heretsch
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, Institut für Organische Chemie, Schneiderberg 1B, 30167 Hannover, Germany
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Lee YG, Choi WS, Yang SO, Hwang-Bo J, Kim HG, Fang M, Yi TH, Kang SC, Lee YH, Baek NI. Volatile Profiles of Five Variants of Abeliophyllum distichum Flowers Using Headspace Solid-Phase Microextraction Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS) Analysis. Plants (Basel) 2021; 10:plants10020224. [PMID: 33498954 PMCID: PMC7912044 DOI: 10.3390/plants10020224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Abeliophyllum distichum (Oleaceae), which is the only species in the monotypic genus and is grown only on the Korean peninsula, has a high scarcity value. Its five variants (white, pink, round, blue, and ivory) have different morphological characteristics in terms of the color of petals and sepals or shape of the fruits. Despite its high value, there has been no study on variant classification except in terms of their morphological characteristics. Thus, we performed a volatile component analysis of A. distichum flowers and multivariate data analyses to reveal the relationship between fragments emitted from five variants of A. distichum flowers with their morphological characteristics. As a result, 66 volatile components of this plant were identified by headspace solid-phase microextraction gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS), showing unique patterns for each set of morphological characteristics, especially the color of the petals. These results suggest that morphological characteristics of each variant are related to the volatile composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeong-Geun Lee
- Department of Oriental Medicine Biotechnology, Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea; (Y.-G.L.); (J.H.-B.); (H.-G.K.); (M.F.); (T.-H.Y.); (S.C.K.)
| | - Won-Sil Choi
- National Instrumentation Center for Environmental Management, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (W.-S.C.); (S.-O.Y.)
| | - Seung-Ok Yang
- National Instrumentation Center for Environmental Management, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (W.-S.C.); (S.-O.Y.)
| | - Jeon Hwang-Bo
- Department of Oriental Medicine Biotechnology, Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea; (Y.-G.L.); (J.H.-B.); (H.-G.K.); (M.F.); (T.-H.Y.); (S.C.K.)
| | - Hyoun-Geun Kim
- Department of Oriental Medicine Biotechnology, Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea; (Y.-G.L.); (J.H.-B.); (H.-G.K.); (M.F.); (T.-H.Y.); (S.C.K.)
| | - Minzhe Fang
- Department of Oriental Medicine Biotechnology, Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea; (Y.-G.L.); (J.H.-B.); (H.-G.K.); (M.F.); (T.-H.Y.); (S.C.K.)
| | - Tae-Hoo Yi
- Department of Oriental Medicine Biotechnology, Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea; (Y.-G.L.); (J.H.-B.); (H.-G.K.); (M.F.); (T.-H.Y.); (S.C.K.)
| | - Se Chan Kang
- Department of Oriental Medicine Biotechnology, Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea; (Y.-G.L.); (J.H.-B.); (H.-G.K.); (M.F.); (T.-H.Y.); (S.C.K.)
| | - Youn-Hyung Lee
- Department of Horticultural Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea;
| | - Nam-In Baek
- Department of Oriental Medicine Biotechnology, Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea; (Y.-G.L.); (J.H.-B.); (H.-G.K.); (M.F.); (T.-H.Y.); (S.C.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-31-201-2661
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Stepanyuk A, Kirschning A. Synthetic terpenoids in the world of fragrances: Iso E Super ® is the showcase. Beilstein J Org Chem 2019; 15:2590-2602. [PMID: 31728173 PMCID: PMC6839564 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.15.252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The history of fragrances is closely associated with the chemistry of terpenes and terpenoids. For thousands of years mankind mainly used plant extracts to collect ingredients for the creation of perfumes. Many of these extracts contain complex mixtures of terpenes, that show distinct olfactoric properties as pure compounds. When organic synthesis appeared on the scene, the portfolio of new scents increased either in order to substitute natural fragrances without change of olfactoric properties or to broaden the scope of scents. This short review describes the story of the most successful synthetic fragrance ever which is called Iso E Super® as it is an ingredient in a large number of perfumes with varying percentages and is the first example being used as a pure fragrance. Structurally, it is related to natural terpenes like many other synthetic fragrances. And indeed, the story began with a classic in the field of fragrances, the natural product ionone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey Stepanyuk
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Center of Biomolecular Drug Research (BMWZ), Leibniz Universität Hannover, Schneiderberg 1b, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Andreas Kirschning
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Center of Biomolecular Drug Research (BMWZ), Leibniz Universität Hannover, Schneiderberg 1b, 30167 Hannover, Germany
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Amaral MSS, Marriott PJ. The Blossoming of Technology for the Analysis of Complex Aroma Bouquets-A Review on Flavour and Odorant Multidimensional and Comprehensive Gas Chromatography Applications. Molecules 2019; 24:E2080. [PMID: 31159223 PMCID: PMC6600270 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24112080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Multidimensional approaches in gas chromatography have been established as potent tools to (almost) attain fully resolved analyses. Flavours and odours are important application fields for these techniques since they include complex matrices, and are of interest for both scientific study and to consumers. This article is a review of the main research studies in the above theme, discussing the achievements and challenges that demonstrate a maturing of analytical separation technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle S S Amaral
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science, School of Chemistry, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia.
| | - Philip J Marriott
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science, School of Chemistry, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia.
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Fendt M, Kiyokawa Y, Endres T. Editorial: Scents that Matter-from Olfactory Stimuli to Genes, Behaviors and Beyond. Front Neurosci 2016; 10:29. [PMID: 26903797 PMCID: PMC4746577 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2016.00029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Markus Fendt
- Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Otto-von-Guericke University MagdeburgMagdeburg, Germany; Center of Behavioral Brain Sciences, Otto-von-Guericke University MagdeburgMagdeburg, Germany
| | - Yasushi Kiyokawa
- Laboratory of Veterinary Ethology, The University of Tokyo Tokyo, Japan
| | - Thomas Endres
- Institute for Physiology, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg Magdeburg, Germany
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