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Lersanansit N, Pungjunun K, Chailapakul O, Praphairaksit N. Development of pectin-based gel electrolyte for wireless electrochemical determination of cadmium and lead using smartphone. Talanta 2024; 276:126211. [PMID: 38714009 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.126211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/09/2024]
Abstract
A portable device offering effortlessness, mobility, and affordability for real-time and on-site monitoring of heavy metals is currently in great demand to maintain environmental sustainability. Herein, a platform utilizing a biopolymeric gel-based electrolyte for the on-field simultaneous determination of Cd(II) and Pb(II) is described. Pectin, a natural polymer, was exploited as a chemical delivery medium on account of its biodegradability, environmental friendliness, and rapid dissolving characteristics. The gel electrolyte was prepared by having pectin dissolved in KCl mixed with Sb(III)-Bi(III) bimetallic alloy solution, and casted onto a paper substrate. An in situ bimetallic alloy and pre-mixed bismuth nanoparticles modified screen-printed graphene electrode (Sb-Bi/BiNP/SPGE) were employed to enhance the electrochemical signals of Cd(II) and Pb(II) for the differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry (DPASV). It was demonstrated that the platform was capable of generating sharp and well-defined current signals, achieving the low detection limits of 50.98 ng mL-1 for Cd(II) and 40.80 ng mL-1 for Pb(II). The reproducibility, as indicated by the relative standard deviation, was found to be less than 10.4 % (n = 10) for the developed gel-based device when coupled with a wireless near field communication (NFC) potentiostat. Lastly, the obtained sensor was applied for quantification of Cd and Pb in potentially contaminated groundwater samples. The recoveries obtained were satisfactorily within the acceptable range. The newly designed platform exhibited several advantages, including small sample volume (μL), low-cost, no sample preparation requirements, and being environmentally friendly. The convenience of a portable device utilizing the proposed biopolymeric gel-based electrolyte for on-field analysis makes it highly appealing for various applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nantanat Lersanansit
- Electrochemistry and Optical Spectroscopy Center of Excellence (EOSCE), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, 254 Phayathai Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Kingkan Pungjunun
- Electrochemistry and Optical Spectroscopy Center of Excellence (EOSCE), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, 254 Phayathai Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Orawon Chailapakul
- Electrochemistry and Optical Spectroscopy Center of Excellence (EOSCE), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, 254 Phayathai Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand; Center of Excellence on Petrochemical and Materials Technology, Chulalongkorn University, Thailand
| | - Narong Praphairaksit
- Electrochemistry and Optical Spectroscopy Center of Excellence (EOSCE), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, 254 Phayathai Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
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Tiwari MS, Kadu AK. Thiol-based chemically modified carbon screen-printed electrode for simultaneous quantification of trace level Pb(II) and Cd(II). ANAL SCI 2024:10.1007/s44211-024-00581-z. [PMID: 38740715 DOI: 10.1007/s44211-024-00581-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Present work reports, the development of a novel electrochemical sensor based on a diazonium-coupling reaction and covalent attachment of the -NH2 group of cysteamine (Cyst) on screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE), for simultaneous determination of Pb(II) and Cd(II). Initially, the in-situ generated 4-carboxyphenyl (4-CP) diazonium salt was electro-grafted to generate 4-CP/SPCE, followed by covalent bonding of terminal carboxylic group of 4-CP with -NH2 group of Cyst to give Cyst/4-CP/SPCE. The modified electrode showed an enhanced selectivity and sensitivity toward the quantification of Pb(II) and Cd(II) using square wave anodic stripping voltammetry (SWASV) without mutual interference. Under optimal experimental conditions, the newly designed sensor showed a wide linear range of 0.01 µM to 0.7 µM. The limit of detection (LOD) obtained was 0.882 nM (0.09 ppb) and 0.65 nM (0.134 ppb) for Cd(II) and Pb(II), respectively. The modified SPCE exhibited good stability, selectivity, and reproducibility. Furthermore, the sensor was successfully applied for the determination of Pb(II) and Cd(II) ions in water samples which illustrated excellent recoveries in different spiked samples and the results were in line with the standard ICP-AES analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mritunjay S Tiwari
- University Department of Chemistry, University of Mumbai, Vidyanagari, Santacruz (East), Mumbai, 400 098, India
| | - Arun K Kadu
- University Department of Chemistry, University of Mumbai, Vidyanagari, Santacruz (East), Mumbai, 400 098, India.
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Manikandan R, Yoon JH, Chang SC. Emerging Trends in nanostructured materials-coated screen printed electrodes for the electrochemical detection of hazardous heavy metals in environmental matrices. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 344:140231. [PMID: 37775053 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metal ions (HMIs) have become a significant contaminant in recent years. The increase in heavy metal pollution is a serious situation, requiring progressively robust, fast sensing, highly sensitive, and suitable techniques for heavy metal detection. Compared to other classical analytical methods, electroanalytical techniques, especially stripping voltammetric techniques with modified screen-printed electrodes (SPEs), have several advantages, such as fast sensing, great sensitivity, specificity, and long-time stability. Therefore, these techniques are more suitable for HMI detection. In this review, the nanostructured materials used to coat SPEs for the electrochemical determination of HMI are summarized. Additionally, the electrode fabrication method, modification steps, and electroanalytical study of these materials are systematically discussed. Hence, this review will support the researchers in precisely evaluating the electrochemical HMIs detection through highly sensitive stripping voltammetric techniques using SPE modified with nanostructured carbon and their allotropes, metal, metal oxides and their nanocomposites as sensor materials. Moreover, modified electrodes real time detection of HMIs in different food and environmental samples were briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramalingam Manikandan
- Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, College of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Jang-Hee Yoon
- Busan Centre, Korea Basic Science Institute, Busan, 46742, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Cheol Chang
- Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, College of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea.
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Liu YF, Wang W, Chen XF. Progress and prospects in flexible tactile sensors. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1264563. [PMID: 37829569 PMCID: PMC10565956 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1264563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Flexible tactile sensors have the advantages of large deformation detection, high fault tolerance, and excellent conformability, which enable conformal integration onto the complex surface of human skin for long-term bio-signal monitoring. The breakthrough of flexible tactile sensors rather than conventional tactile sensors greatly expanded application scenarios. Flexible tactile sensors are applied in fields including not only intelligent wearable devices for gaming but also electronic skins, disease diagnosis devices, health monitoring devices, intelligent neck pillows, and intelligent massage devices in the medical field; intelligent bracelets and metaverse gloves in the consumer field; as well as even brain-computer interfaces. Therefore, it is necessary to provide an overview of the current technological level and future development of flexible tactile sensors to ease and expedite their deployment and to make the critical transition from the laboratory to the market. This paper discusses the materials and preparation technologies of flexible tactile sensors, summarizing various applications in human signal monitoring, robotic tactile sensing, and human-machine interaction. Finally, the current challenges on flexible tactile sensors are also briefly discussed, providing some prospects for future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Feng Liu
- College of Artificial Intelligence, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- College of Aerospace Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing 2D Materials Institute, Chongqing, China
| | - Wei Wang
- College of Artificial Intelligence, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xu-Fang Chen
- College of Artificial Intelligence, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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Cai X, Xia RZ, Ye JJ, Huang CC, Yang YF, Zhang LK, Liang B, Yang M, Lin CH, Li PH, Huang XJ. Practical Strategy for Arsenic(III) Electroanalysis without Modifier in Natural Water: Triggered by Iron Group Ions in Solution. Anal Chem 2023; 95:4104-4112. [PMID: 36688529 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c04935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Significant progress has been made in nanomaterial-modified electrodes for highly efficient electroanalysis of arsenic(III) (As(III)). However, the modifiers prepared using some physical methods may easily fall off, and active sites are not uniform, causing the potential instability of the modified electrode. This work first reports a promising practical strategy without any modifiers via utilizing only soluble Fe3+ as a trigger to detect trace-level As(III) in natural water. This method reaches an actual detection limit of 1 ppb on bare glassy carbon electrodes and a sensitivity of 0.296 μA ppb-1 with excellent stability. Kinetic simulations and experimental evidence confirm the codeposition mechanism that Fe3+ is preferentially deposited as Fe0, which are active sites to adsorb As(III) and H+ on the electrode surface. This facilitates the formation of AsH3, which could further react with Fe2+ to produce more As0 and Fe0. Meanwhile, the produced Fe0 can also accelerate the efficient enrichment of As0. Remarkably, the proposed sensing mechanism is a general rule for the electroanalysis of As(III) that is triggered by iron group ions (Fe2+, Fe3+, Co2+, and Ni2+). The interference analysis of coexisting ions (Cu2+, Zn2+, Al3+, Hg2+, Cd2+, Pb2+, SO42-, NO3-, Cl-, and F-) indicates that only Cu2+, Pb2+, and F- showed inhibitory effects on As(III) due to the competition of active sites. Surprisingly, adding iron power effectively eliminates the interference of Cu2+ in natural water, achieving a higher sensitivity for 1-15 ppb As(III) (0.487 μA ppb-1). This study provides effective solutions to overcome the potential instability of modified electrodes and offers a practical sensing platform for analyzing other heavy-metal anions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Cai
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology, and Environmental Materials and Pollution Control Laboratory, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei230031, China.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei230026, China
| | - Rui-Ze Xia
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei230601, China
| | - Jia-Jia Ye
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei230026, China
| | - Cong-Cong Huang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology, and Environmental Materials and Pollution Control Laboratory, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei230031, China.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei230026, China
| | - Yuan-Fan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology, and Environmental Materials and Pollution Control Laboratory, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei230031, China.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei230026, China
| | - Long-Ke Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology, and Environmental Materials and Pollution Control Laboratory, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei230031, China.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei230026, China
| | - Bo Liang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology, and Environmental Materials and Pollution Control Laboratory, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei230031, China.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei230026, China
| | - Meng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology, and Environmental Materials and Pollution Control Laboratory, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei230031, China
| | - Chu-Hong Lin
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, 62 Nanyang Drive, Singapore637459, Singapore
| | - Pei-Hua Li
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology, and Environmental Materials and Pollution Control Laboratory, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei230031, China
| | - Xing-Jiu Huang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology, and Environmental Materials and Pollution Control Laboratory, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei230031, China.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei230026, China
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Coupled GO–MWCNT Composite Ink for Enhanced Dispersibility and Synthesis of Screen-Printing Electrodes. CHEMISTRY AFRICA 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s42250-022-00505-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
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Dahake RV, Bansiwal A. Disposable Sensors for Heavy Metals Detection: A Review of Carbon and Non‐Noble Metal‐Based Receptors. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202202824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rashmi V. Dahake
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute(NEERI) Nagpur
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad Uttar Pradesh
| | - Amit Bansiwal
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute(NEERI) Nagpur
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Low SC, Azmi NAB, Ong CS, Lim JK. Environmental monitoring of trace metal pollutants using cellulosic-paper incorporating color change of azo-chromophore. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:71614-71631. [PMID: 35604605 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-20706-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
An essential requirement for colorimetric paper-sensor is to allow the target analytes (heavy metal ions) to access the chromophore while maintaining strong chromophore immobilization on the porous substrate surface. This work evaluates the selection of sensitive chromophores (dithizone, 1-(2-pyridylazo) 2-naphthol and 4-(2-pyridylazo)-resorcinol) and their immobilization strategies on paper sensors. Dithizone (DTz) are capable of producing a significant color transition at unadjusted pH, observed by UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy and visible recognition. After immobilizing DTz on a paper substrate (cellulose acetate/chitosan substrate), the DTz-paper sensor showed a distinctive color change from blue-green to peach-pink upon reaction with Pb2+ ions, and the color intensity was proportional to the metal concentration. Quantitative analysis using RGB (R:Red; G:Green; B:Blue) plots showed that increasing DTz concentration on the CA/CS paper sensor increases the difference in total color intensity (∆IT) and the difference in red code intensity (∆IR). This is due to the formation of more DTz-Pb2+ complexes on the CA/CS paper substrate. The CA/CS paper strips immobilized with 100 ppm DTz showed practical potential for rapid detection of heavy metal ions. The DTz-CA/CS paper sensor showed significant color change when detecting spiked heavy metals ions (0.1 ppm Pb2+, 2.0 ppm Zn2+, and 0.2 ppm Cu2+) in river water samples that prepared at the maximum permissible limit for industrial effluent in Malaysia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siew Chun Low
- School of Chemical Engineering, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Seri Ampangan, 14300, Nibong Tebal, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia.
| | - Nur Atiah Binti Azmi
- School of Chemical Engineering, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Seri Ampangan, 14300, Nibong Tebal, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Chyh Shyang Ong
- School of Chemical Engineering, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Seri Ampangan, 14300, Nibong Tebal, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Jit Kang Lim
- School of Chemical Engineering, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Seri Ampangan, 14300, Nibong Tebal, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
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Sustainable Downscaled Catalytic Colorimetric Determination of Manganese in Freshwater Using Smartphone-Based Monitoring Oxidation of 3,3′,5,5′-Tetramethylbenzidine by Periodate. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27154841. [PMID: 35956794 PMCID: PMC9369721 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27154841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A sustainable downscaled procedure using smartphone-based colorimetric determination of manganese (Mn(II)) was developed. This novel Mn(II) determination procedure is proposed using a simple, available microwell-plate platform and a smartphone as a detector. This approach is based on the oxidation of 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) by periodate using Mn(II) as a catalyst. The catalytic kinetics of Mn(II) under different conditions was investigated to determine the optimum condition where the different catalytic activities of various concentrations of Mn(II) evince. Under the optimum condition, the bluish-green product of oxidized TMB, proportioned to the concentration of Mn(II), was monitored using a smartphone camera, and the color signals were processed using ImageJ Software. The developed procedure showed great selectivity and sensitivity as linearity ranged from 1.8 × 10−6 to 4.6 × 10−5 M (0.1 to 2.5 μg/mL). The limits of detection and quantitation were 3.6 × 10−6 and 1.1 × 10−5 M (0.2 and 0.6 μg/mL), respectively. The determination of Mn(II) in freshwater samples was demonstrated to assess environmental water quality as an initial model to more easily promote water management according to the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (UN-SDGs). The intensity of the red could be successfully applied to evaluate Mn(II) in canals and river water with no significant differences compared with the reference method of Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry at a confidence level of 95%.
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Low SC, Shaimi R. Amperometric sensor using nylon-6-film-modified carbon electrode for low-cost detection of ascorbic acid. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00706-022-02933-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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