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Michurina SV, Miroshnichenko SM, Ishchenko IY, Serykh AE, Rachkovskaya LN. Effect of Melatonin on the Content of CD3 low and CD3 hi T Cells in the Thymus of Mice with Functional Pinealectomy. Bull Exp Biol Med 2023; 174:754-757. [PMID: 37160598 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-023-05786-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Continuous lighting for 14 days (functional pinealectomy model) leads to a decrease in the relative number of CD3low and CD3hi T lymphocytes and the CD3low/CD3hi ratio in the thymus of C57BL/6 mice. Intragastric administration of melatonin in physiological doses (1 mg/kg body weight, 14 days) against the background of functional pinealectomy restores the percentage of CD3low and CD3hi thymocytes and CD3low/CD3hi ratio to the control values. Hence, prolonged continuous illumination inhibits the differentiation and maturation of young thymocytes into mature forms, while melatonin treatment helps to compensate the effects of functional pinealectomy triggering cell proliferation in the thymus from the earliest stages of proliferation and differentiation of T cells. Thus, melatonin has immunotropic properties and can be used for correction of the consequences of functional pinealectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- S V Michurina
- Research Institute of Clinical and Experimental Lymphology -Branch of Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia.
| | - S M Miroshnichenko
- Research Institute of Clinical and Experimental Lymphology -Branch of Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Research Institute of Biochemistry, Federal Research Center of Fundamental and Translational Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - I Yu Ishchenko
- Research Institute of Clinical and Experimental Lymphology -Branch of Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - A E Serykh
- Research Institute of Clinical and Experimental Lymphology -Branch of Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Research Institute of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Federal Research Center of Fundamental and Translational Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - L N Rachkovskaya
- Research Institute of Clinical and Experimental Lymphology -Branch of Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
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Eshar D, Beaufrère H. Anesthetic Effects of Alfaxalone-Ketamine, Alfaxalone-Ketamine-Dexmedetomidine, and Alfaxalone-Butorphanol-Midazolam Administered Intramuscularly in Five‑striped Palm Squirrels (Funambulus pennantii). JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR LABORATORY ANIMAL SCIENCE : JAALAS 2020; 59. [PMID: 32471522 PMCID: PMC7338876 DOI: 10.30802/aalas-jaalas-19-000146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Injectable anesthesia protocols for five-striped palm squirrels (Funambulus pennantii) are poorly described in the literature.In this study, male intact squirrels received intramuscular injections of either alfaxalone (6 mg/kg) and ketamine (40 mg/kg; AK group, n = 8); alfaxalone (6 mg/kg), ketamine (20 mg/kg), and dexmedetomidine (0.1 mg/kg; AKD group, n = 8); or alfaxalone (8 mg/kg), butorphanol (1 mg/kg), and midazolam (1 mg/kg; ABM group, n = 8). Atipamezole (0.15 mg/kg IM) and flumazenil (0.1 mg/kg IM) were administered 40 min after anesthesia induction (defined as loss of the righting reflex) with AKD and ABM, respectively. Heart rate, respiratory rate, rectal temperature, and reflexes were recorded every 5 min during anesthesia. Anesthetic induction was rapid in all groups (AK: median, 49 s; range, 33 to 60 s; AKD, 60 s; 54 to 70 s; and ABM, 15 s; 5 to 58 s). The anesthetic duration (from induction to full recovery) for the AK group was 62 ± 3 min (mean ± 1 SD). Therewas no statistically significant difference between the ABM and AKD groups regarding recovery time after partial antagonist administration and was 51 ± 5 and 48 ± 5 min, respectively. All AK animals showed twitching and abnormal vocalization during recovery. The righting reflex was absent in all squirrels for 20 min in the AK treatment group and throughout the 40-min anesthetic period in the AKD and ABM groups. The frontlimb withdrawal response was absent in all squirrels for the 40-min anesthetic period in the AKD and ABM groups, with variable responses for the AK treatment. All tested protocols in this study provided safe and effective immobilization in five-striped palm squirrels, but oxygen and thermal support wereindicated. Anesthetic depth must be determined before surgical procedures are performed in palm squirrels anesthetized by using these regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Eshar
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Manhattan, Kansas; and
| | - Hugues Beaufrère
- Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Ontario, Canada
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Eshar D, Beaufrère H. Anesthetic effects of dexmedetomidine-ketamine-midazolam administered intramuscularly in five-striped palm squirrels ( Funambulus pennantii). Am J Vet Res 2019; 80:1082-1088. [PMID: 31763944 DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.80.12.1082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate efficacy and safety of anesthesia with dexmedetomidine-ketamine-midazolam (DKM) in five-striped palm squirrels (Funambulus pennantii). ANIMALS 8 male squirrels. PROCEDURES Squirrels were anesthetized with DKM (dexmedetomidine, 0.1 mg/kg; ketamine hydrochloride, 30 mg/kg; and midazolam, 0.75 mg/kg) administered IM. Atipamezole (0.15 mg/kg) and flumazenil (0.1 mg/kg) were administered IM 40 minutes after induction of anesthesia. Vital signs and responses were recorded every 5 minutes during anesthesia. RESULTS Anesthetic induction and recovery from anesthesia were rapid and without complications in all squirrels. Median anesthetic induction time was 67.5 seconds (interquartile [25th to 75th percentile] range, 5.5 seconds), and mean ± SD recovery time after drug reversal was 147 ± 79 seconds. Heart rate, respiratory rate, and rectal temperature significantly decreased during the anesthetic period. All squirrels became hypothermic by 40 minutes after induction. The righting reflex was absent during the 40-minute anesthetic period in all squirrels, with variable responses for the palpebral reflex, jaw tone, forelimb withdrawal reflex, and hind limb withdrawal reflex. Only 2 of 8 squirrels had loss of the limb withdrawal reflex in both the forelimbs and hind limbs from anesthetic induction to 25 minutes after induction. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE DKM appeared to provide safe and effective anesthesia in five-striped palm squirrels, but oxygen and thermal support were indicated. At the doses administered, deep surgical anesthesia was not consistently achieved, and anesthetic depth of individual squirrels must be determined before surgical procedures are performed in palm squirrels anesthetized with this drug combination.
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Hajam YA, Rai S. Melatonin and insulin modulates the cellular biochemistry, histoarchitecture and receptor expression during hepatic injury in diabetic rats. Life Sci 2019; 239:117046. [PMID: 31730869 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.117046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2019] [Revised: 11/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Aims; The present study was designed to ameliorate the integrated efficacy of exogenous melatonin and insulin on tissue biochemical, serological, histopathological architecture and receptor expression of melatonin (MT1, MT2) and insulin receptor (IR) expression against the hepatic injury in diabetic rats. Materials and Method; the rats were randomly allocated into nine different experimental groups. Diabetes was induced by streptozotocin (15 mg/kg) for 6 days. Rats having blood glucose level above 250 mg/dl were considered as diabetic. Animals euthanized after 4 weeks, blood and liver samples were collected to perform various biochemical, serological, histopathological and receptor expression of melatonin (MT1, MT2) and insulin receptor (IR). Key findings; Diabetic rats revealed significant increase in lipid peroxidation (LPO) of liver tissue, liver function tests (ALT, AST and ALP), increase in serum cholesterol, LDL, VLD, but decrease in HDL level. Further, diabetic rats exhibited significant decrement in antioxidative enzymatic system (GSH, SOD, CAT, GR, GPX, G6PDH and GST), total tissue protein and glycogen content. Histomicrograph of liver of diabetic rats resulted in vacuolization indicating cellular damages as well as upregulation in liver MT1, MT2 and IR protein expression. However, the combined therapy (Melatonin and insulin treatment) revealed significant recovery and restoration in biochemical, cellular architecture of liver cells and receptor expression pattern of MT1, MT2 and IR. Significance; It may establish a synergistic action of melatonin and insulin, which might be a novel evidence for clinicians to combat the hepatic complication along with controlling diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Younis Ahmad Hajam
- Department of Zoology, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidayalaya (A Central University), Koni, Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh, 495009, India.
| | - Seema Rai
- Department of Zoology, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidayalaya (A Central University), Koni, Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh, 495009, India
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Ahmad Hajam Y, Rai S, Basheer M, Ghosh H, Singh S. Protective Role of Melatonin in Streptozotocin Induced Pancreatic Damages in Diabetic Wistar Rat. Pak J Biol Sci 2019; 21:423-431. [PMID: 30724043 DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2018.423.431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Hyperglycemia is a representative hallmark and risk factor for diabetes and is closely linked to diabetes associated complications. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the therapeutic potential of exogenous melatonin against the streptozotocin induced pancreatic damages in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Streptozotocin was injected for consecutive 6 days. Diabetes was confirmed by blood glucose measurement after 72 h and on 7th day after injection. Animals having blood glucose level above 250 mg dL-1 were considered as diabetic and were administered exogenous melatonin for 4 weeks. Animals were euthanized after last dose, pancreas were dissected out, weighed and fixed in Bouin's fixative for histology and further tissues were kept at -20°C for biochemistry. RESULTS Diabetic rats displayed significant increase in lipid peroxidation, but pancreatic weight index, antioxidant system (GSH, SOD and CAT) showed decrease. Melatonin treatment to diabetic rats restored the alteration in physiological and biochemical markers. Results were supported by the histopathological observations, STZ treated pancreas showed damage in islets of langerhans, while as melatonin treated diabetic rats recovered the cellular architecture which inturn normalize the function of the pancreas. CONCLUSION Therefore, melatonin might be considered as a molecule to protect the pancreatic damages.
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Susko I, Alicelebic S, Cosovic E, Sahinovic M, Kapic D, Custovic S, Muzika V. Gender-related Histological Changes in the Thymus Gland After Pinealectomy and Short-term Melatonin Treatment in Rats. Med Arch 2018; 71:385-390. [PMID: 29416196 PMCID: PMC5764609 DOI: 10.5455/medarh.2017.71.385-390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of pinealectomy and melatonin treatment on the rat thymus gland characteristics, taking into consideration possible gender differences. Materials and methods Thirty adult Wistar rats of both sexes were divided into three groups. Group C and group PX served as control groups and included sham-pinealectomized and pinealectomized animals that were treated with 10% ethanol solution (0,1ml/daily, subcutaneous). Animals from third group (group PXM) underwent pinealectomy and seven days after surgery started receiving melatonin dissolved in 10% ethanol solution (3mg/kg/daily, subcutaneous). All animals were treated for 4 weeks. Results Volume density of the thymus cortex showed statistically significant (p<0,05) decrease while the volume density of the thymus medulla was increased in the pinealectomized compared to the sham-pinealectomized female rats. Numerical density of macrophages as well as the distribution of blood vessels showed no gender differences. The numerical density of lymphocytes was statistically significantly decreased in female in comparison to the male pinealectomized rats. Melatonin treatment was proved to cause reverse effects in the sense that the results from the melatonin treated group corresponded to the results obtained from the control group of animals. Conclusion The results of this study suggest that the pinealectomy causes gender-related changes in the rat thymus. Short-term melatonin treatment showed reverse effect, equally in both sexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irfan Susko
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Selma Alicelebic
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Esad Cosovic
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Maida Sahinovic
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Dina Kapic
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Samra Custovic
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Visnja Muzika
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
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O'Brien KA, Waterman JM, Anderson WG, Bennett NC. Trade-offs between immunity and testosterone in male African ground squirrels. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 221:jeb.177683. [PMID: 29941613 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.177683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The immunocompetence handicap hypothesis (ICHH) proposes that testosterone has both beneficial effects on male reproductive potential and negative effects by suppressing the immune system. However, support for the ICHH has been variable and an alternative hypothesis suggests that testosterone may be acting indirectly via cortisol to suppress immunity (the stress-linked ICHH). A third hypothesis is that increased energetic investment in immunity results in the suppression of testosterone. We tested these hypotheses in male Cape ground squirrels (Xerus inauris) through two separate manipulations: first, by triggering a strong immune response using a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection and, secondly, by increasing circulating testosterone using silastic testosterone implants. Responding to an immune challenge significantly reduced testosterone, supporting the immune suppression hypothesis, while increasing circulating testosterone had no effect on immunocompetence, body mass, ectoparasite abundances or cortisol levels, failing to support either the ICHH or stress-linked ICHH. Our results add to the increasing body of literature that challenges the ICHH, and we conclude that the trade-off between testosterone and immunity is mediated through immune activation and not through testosterone in male Cape ground squirrels. Being able to test the ICHH, stress-linked ICHH and immune suppression hypotheses in a free-ranging mammal gives us a unique opportunity to examine the mechanisms mediating this trade-off.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey A O'Brien
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Jane M Waterman
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada .,Mammal Research Institute, Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa
| | - W Gary Anderson
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Nigel C Bennett
- Mammal Research Institute, Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa
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Basheer M, Rai S. Melatonin vs. phytomelatonin: Therapeutic uses with special reference to polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/23312025.2015.1136257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Muddasir Basheer
- Department of Zoology, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Koni, Bilaspur 495009, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Seema Rai
- Department of Zoology, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Koni, Bilaspur 495009, Chhattisgarh, India
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Vishwas DK, Mukherjee A, Haldar C. Melatonin improves humoral and cell-mediated immune responses of male golden hamster following stress induced by dexamethasone. J Neuroimmunol 2013; 259:17-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2013.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2013] [Revised: 03/11/2013] [Accepted: 03/15/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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