1
|
Luo Y, Wang X, Zhang D, Zhan L, Li D, Li C, Cong C, Cai H. Overexpression of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase kinase gene MsPPCK1 from Medicago sativa L. increased alkali tolerance of alfalfa by enhancing photosynthetic efficiency and promoting nodule development. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 213:108764. [PMID: 38879983 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
The phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase kinase of Medicago sativa L. (MsPPCK1) modulates the phosphorylation status and activity of the C4 pathway phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase enzyme, which is pivotal for photosynthetic carbon assimilation in plants. This study investigated the role of MsPPCK1 in alfalfa by creating transgenic plants overexpressing MsPPCK1 under the control of the CaMV35S promoter. The enhanced alkali tolerance of transgenic plants indicated an important role of MsPPCK1 gene in regulating plant alkali tolerance. Transgenic plants exhibited heightened antioxidant activity (SOD, POD, and CAT), reduced MDA, H2O2, OFR and REC% content, increased activity of key photosynthetic enzymes (PEPC, PPDK, NADP-ME, and NADP-MDH), and enhanced photosynthetic parameters (Pn, E, Gs, and Ci). Moreover, MsPPCK1 overexpression increased the content of organic acids (oxaloacetic, malic, citric, and succinic acids) in the plants. The upregulation of MsPPCK1 under rhizobial inoculation showcased its other role in nodule development. In transgenic plants, MsDMI2, MsEnod12, and MsNODL4 expression increased, facilitating root nodule development and augmenting plant nodulation. Accelerated root nodule growth positively influences plant growth and yield and enhances alfalfa resistance to alkali stress. This study highlights the pivotal role of MsPPCK1 in fortifying plant alkali stress tolerance and improving yield, underscoring its potential as a key genetic target for developing alkali-tolerant and high-yielding alfalfa varieties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yaqin Luo
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Xinsheng Wang
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Depeng Zhang
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Lifeng Zhan
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Donghuan Li
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Chunxin Li
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Chunlong Cong
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Hua Cai
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Alrajhi A, Alharbi S, Beecham S, Alotaibi F. Regulation of root growth and elongation in wheat. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1397337. [PMID: 38835859 PMCID: PMC11148372 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1397337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
Currently, the control of rhizosphere selection on farms has been applied to achieve enhancements in phenotype, extending from improvements in single root characteristics to the dynamic nature of entire crop systems. Several specific signals, regulatory elements, and mechanisms that regulate the initiation, morphogenesis, and growth of new lateral or adventitious root species have been identified, but much more work remains. Today, phenotyping technology drives the development of root traits. Available models for simulation can support all phenotyping decisions (root trait improvement). The detection and use of markers for quantitative trait loci (QTLs) are effective for enhancing selection efficiency and increasing reproductive genetic gains. Furthermore, QTLs may help wheat breeders select the appropriate roots for efficient nutrient acquisition. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) or alignment of sequences can only be helpful when they are associated with phenotypic variation for root development and elongation. Here, we focus on major root development processes and detail important new insights recently generated regarding the wheat genome. The first part of this review paper discusses the root morphology, apical meristem, transcriptional control, auxin distribution, phenotyping of the root system, and simulation models. In the second part, the molecular genetics of the wheat root system, SNPs, TFs, and QTLs related to root development as well as genome editing (GE) techniques for the improvement of root traits in wheat are discussed. Finally, we address the effect of omics strategies on root biomass production and summarize existing knowledge of the main molecular mechanisms involved in wheat root development and elongation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Alrajhi
- King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Sustainable Infrastructure and Resource Management, University of South Australia, University of South Australia Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (UniSA STEM), Mawson Lakes, SA, Australia
| | - Saif Alharbi
- The National Research and Development Center for Sustainable Agriculture (Estidamah), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Simon Beecham
- Sustainable Infrastructure and Resource Management, University of South Australia, University of South Australia Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (UniSA STEM), Mawson Lakes, SA, Australia
| | - Fahad Alotaibi
- King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Muthui SW, Wei L, Ochieng WA, Linda EL, Otieno DO, Nyongesa EW, Liu F, Xian L. The distinctive level of interaction between carbon and nitrogen metabolisms in the leaves of submerged macrophytes plays a key role in ammonium detoxification. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2024; 268:106840. [PMID: 38278063 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2024.106840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
Possible ammonium detoxification mechanisms have been proposed recently, on submerged macrophytes, evidently illustrating that glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) plays a greater role in ammonium detoxification compared to the primary glutamine synthetase/glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GS/GOGAT) pathway. In the current investigation, we cultured three submerged macrophytes to extreme concentrations of [NH4+-N] of up to 50 mg/L with the aim of clarifying the interaction between carbon and nitrogen metabolisms. The activities of carboxylation enzymes pyruvate orthophosphate dikinase (PPDK) and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC), in lieu of Rubisco, increased almost two-fold for ammonium tolerant species P. maackianus and M. spicatum, compared with the sensitive species P. lucens. While these enzymes are well known for their central role in CO2 fixation, their inference in conferring resistance to ammonium stress has not been well elucidated before. In this study, we demonstrate that the overproduction of PEPC and PPDK led to improved photosynthesis, better ammonium assimilation and overall ammonium detoxification in M. spicatum and P. maackianus. These findings propose likelihood for the existence of a complementary ammonium detoxification pathway that targets carbon metabolism, thus, presenting a relatively efficient linkage between nitrogen and carbon metabolisms and identify candidate species for practical restoration of fresh water resources.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Wamburu Muthui
- Core Botanical Gardens/Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Sino-Africa Joint Research Centre, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Li Wei
- Changjiang Water Resources and Hydropower Development Group (Hubei) Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430010, China
| | - Wyckliffe Ayoma Ochieng
- Core Botanical Gardens/Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Sino-Africa Joint Research Centre, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Elive Limunga Linda
- Hubei University, School of Resources and Environmental Science, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Duncan Ochieng Otieno
- Core Botanical Gardens/Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Sino-Africa Joint Research Centre, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Emmanuel Waswa Nyongesa
- Core Botanical Gardens/Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Sino-Africa Joint Research Centre, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Fan Liu
- Core Botanical Gardens/Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Ling Xian
- Core Botanical Gardens/Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhao Y, Islam S, Alhabbar Z, Zhang J, O'Hara G, Anwar M, Ma W. Current Progress and Future Prospect of Wheat Genetics Research towards an Enhanced Nitrogen Use Efficiency. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:plants12091753. [PMID: 37176811 PMCID: PMC10180859 DOI: 10.3390/plants12091753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
To improve the yield and quality of wheat is of great importance for food security worldwide. One of the most effective and significant approaches to achieve this goal is to enhance the nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) in wheat. In this review, a comprehensive understanding of the factors involved in the process of the wheat nitrogen uptake, assimilation and remobilization of nitrogen in wheat were introduced. An appropriate definition of NUE is vital prior to its precise evaluation for the following gene identification and breeding process. Apart from grain yield (GY) and grain protein content (GPC), the commonly recognized major indicators of NUE, grain protein deviation (GPD) could also be considered as a potential trait for NUE evaluation. As a complex quantitative trait, NUE is affected by transporter proteins, kinases, transcription factors (TFs) and micro RNAs (miRNAs), which participate in the nitrogen uptake process, as well as key enzymes, circadian regulators, cross-talks between carbon metabolism, which are associated with nitrogen assimilation and remobilization. A series of quantitative genetic loci (QTLs) and linking markers were compiled in the hope to help discover more efficient and useful genetic resources for breeding program. For future NUE improvement, an exploration for other criteria during selection process that incorporates morphological, physiological and biochemical traits is needed. Applying new technologies from phenomics will allow high-throughput NUE phenotyping and accelerate the breeding process. A combination of multi-omics techniques and the previously verified QTLs and molecular markers will facilitate the NUE QTL-mapping and novel gene identification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yun Zhao
- Food Futures Institute & College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Perth 6150, Australia
- Institute of Cereal and Oil Crops, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Breeding of Hebei, Shijiazhuang 050035, China
| | - Shahidul Islam
- Food Futures Institute & College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Perth 6150, Australia
- Department of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA
| | - Zaid Alhabbar
- Department of Field Crops, College of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Mosul, Mosul 41002, Iraq
| | - Jingjuan Zhang
- Food Futures Institute & College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Perth 6150, Australia
| | - Graham O'Hara
- Food Futures Institute & College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Perth 6150, Australia
| | - Masood Anwar
- Food Futures Institute & College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Perth 6150, Australia
| | - Wujun Ma
- Food Futures Institute & College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Perth 6150, Australia
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agriculture University, Qingdao 266109, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Li Y, Li S, Feng Q, Zhang J, Han X, Zhang L, Yang F, Zhou J. Effects of exogenous Strigolactone on the physiological and ecological characteristics of Pennisetum purpureum Schum. Seedlings under drought stress. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 22:578. [PMID: 36510126 PMCID: PMC9743734 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-03978-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Drought is one of the main environmental factors limiting plant growth and development. Pennisetum purpureum Schum. was used to explore the mitigation effects of exogenous strigolactone (SL) on drought stress during the seedling stage. The effects of different concentrations (1, 3, 5, and 7 μmol·L- 1) of SL on the photosynthesis characteristics, growth performance, and endogenous abscisic acid (ABA) of P. purpureum under drought stress were studied. RESULTS Exogenous SL could effectively alleviate the inhibitory effect of drought stress on P. purpureum growth. Compared with drought stress, the net photosynthesis rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, and water-use efficiency of the leaves of P. purpureum after SL treatment significantly increased, thereby exerting a significant mitigation effect on the decrease in photosystem II maximum photochemical efficiency and the performance index based on light absorption caused by drought. Moreover, the exogenous application of SL can effectively increase the fresh and dry weight of the leaves and roots and the main-root length. After applying SL for 120 h, the ABA content of P. purpureum decreased significantly. The activity of key enzymes of photosynthesis significantly increased after 48 h of external application of SL to P. purpureum. CONCLUSIONS SL treatment can improve the photosynthesis performance of P. purpureum leaves under drought conditions and increase the antioxidant capacity of the leaves, thereby reducing the adverse effects of drought, promoting the growth of P. purpureum, and effectively improving the drought resistance of P. purpureum.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Juncao Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Sutao Li
- College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Juncao Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Qixian Feng
- College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Juan Zhang
- College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Xuelin Han
- College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Fulin Yang
- College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
| | - Jing Zhou
- National Engineering Research Center of Juncao Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Singh J, Garai S, Das S, Thakur JK, Tripathy BC. Role of C4 photosynthetic enzyme isoforms in C3 plants and their potential applications in improving agronomic traits in crops. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2022; 154:233-258. [PMID: 36309625 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-022-00978-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
As compared to C3, C4 plants have higher photosynthetic rates and better tolerance to high temperature and drought. These traits are highly beneficial in the current scenario of global warming. Interestingly, all the genes of the C4 photosynthetic pathway are present in C3 plants, although they are involved in diverse non-photosynthetic functions. Non-photosynthetic isoforms of carbonic anhydrase (CA), phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC), malate dehydrogenase (MDH), the decarboxylating enzymes NAD/NADP-malic enzyme (NAD/NADP-ME), and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK), and finally pyruvate orthophosphate dikinase (PPDK) catalyze reactions that are essential for major plant metabolism pathways, such as the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, maintenance of cellular pH, uptake of nutrients and their assimilation. Consistent with this view differential expression pattern of these non-photosynthetic C3 isoforms has been observed in different tissues across the plant developmental stages, such as germination, grain filling, and leaf senescence. Also abundance of these C3 isoforms is increased considerably in response to environmental fluctuations particularly during abiotic stress. Here we review the vital roles played by C3 isoforms of C4 enzymes and the probable mechanisms by which they help plants in acclimation to adverse growth conditions. Further, their potential applications to increase the agronomic trait value of C3 crops is discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jitender Singh
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi, 110067, India.
| | - Sampurna Garai
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Shubhashis Das
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Jitendra Kumar Thakur
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi, 110067, India.
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, 110067, India.
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Biotechnological Advances to Improve Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Crops. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231912053. [PMID: 36233352 PMCID: PMC9570234 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231912053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The major challenges that agriculture is facing in the twenty-first century are increasing droughts, water scarcity, flooding, poorer soils, and extreme temperatures due to climate change. However, most crops are not tolerant to extreme climatic environments. The aim in the near future, in a world with hunger and an increasing population, is to breed and/or engineer crops to tolerate abiotic stress with a higher yield. Some crop varieties display a certain degree of tolerance, which has been exploited by plant breeders to develop varieties that thrive under stress conditions. Moreover, a long list of genes involved in abiotic stress tolerance have been identified and characterized by molecular techniques and overexpressed individually in plant transformation experiments. Nevertheless, stress tolerance phenotypes are polygenetic traits, which current genomic tools are dissecting to exploit their use by accelerating genetic introgression using molecular markers or site-directed mutagenesis such as CRISPR-Cas9. In this review, we describe plant mechanisms to sense and tolerate adverse climate conditions and examine and discuss classic and new molecular tools to select and improve abiotic stress tolerance in major crops.
Collapse
|
8
|
Li Y, Fang Y, Peng C, Hua X, Zhang Y, Qi X, Li Z, Wang Y, Hu L, Xu W. Transgenic expression of rice OsPHR2 increases phosphorus uptake and yield in wheat. PROTOPLASMA 2022; 259:1271-1282. [PMID: 35039948 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-021-01702-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Oryza sativa PHOSPHATE RESPONSE2 (OsPHR2) can promote the uptake and use of phosphorus (P) in rice. We introduced OsPHR2 into the winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) variety "Zhengmai0856." OsPHR2 was integrated into the wheat genome with two copy numbers and could be correctly transcribed and expressed. OsPHR2 was mainly expressed in the leaves at the seedling stage. From the jointing to filling stage, OsPHR2 was mainly expressed in the roots, followed by the leaves, with a low expression level in detected the tassels and stems. The transgenic lines exhibited higher P accumulation at each growth stage and increased P uptake intensity in comparison to the wild type under low P and high P conditions. Analysis of the root characteristics showed that the transgenic expression of OsPHR2 increased the maximum root length, total root length, root-to-shoot ratio, and root volume under the conditions of P deficiency or low P. A field experiment showed that the transgenic lines had a higher grain yield than the wild type under low P and high P conditions. The yield of the transgenic lines increased by 6.29% and 3.73% on average compared with the wild type under low P and high P conditions, respectively. Thus, the transgenic expression of OsPHR2 could increase P uptake and yield in wheat, but the effect was more prominent under low P conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Key Laboratory of Wheat Germplasm Resources Innovation and Improvement in Henan Province, Key Laboratory for Wheat Biology of Henan Province, Institute of Crop Molecular Breeding, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450002, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuhui Fang
- Key Laboratory of Wheat Germplasm Resources Innovation and Improvement in Henan Province, Key Laboratory for Wheat Biology of Henan Province, Institute of Crop Molecular Breeding, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450002, People's Republic of China
| | - Chaojun Peng
- Key Laboratory of Wheat Germplasm Resources Innovation and Improvement in Henan Province, Key Laboratory for Wheat Biology of Henan Province, Institute of Crop Molecular Breeding, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450002, People's Republic of China
| | - Xia Hua
- Key Laboratory of Wheat Germplasm Resources Innovation and Improvement in Henan Province, Key Laboratory for Wheat Biology of Henan Province, Institute of Crop Molecular Breeding, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450002, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Wheat Germplasm Resources Innovation and Improvement in Henan Province, Key Laboratory for Wheat Biology of Henan Province, Institute of Crop Molecular Breeding, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450002, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueli Qi
- Key Laboratory of Wheat Germplasm Resources Innovation and Improvement in Henan Province, Key Laboratory for Wheat Biology of Henan Province, Institute of Crop Molecular Breeding, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450002, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengling Li
- Key Laboratory of Wheat Germplasm Resources Innovation and Improvement in Henan Province, Key Laboratory for Wheat Biology of Henan Province, Institute of Crop Molecular Breeding, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450002, People's Republic of China
| | - Yumin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Wheat Germplasm Resources Innovation and Improvement in Henan Province, Key Laboratory for Wheat Biology of Henan Province, Institute of Crop Molecular Breeding, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450002, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Hu
- Key Laboratory of Wheat Germplasm Resources Innovation and Improvement in Henan Province, Key Laboratory for Wheat Biology of Henan Province, Institute of Crop Molecular Breeding, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450002, People's Republic of China
| | - Weigang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Wheat Germplasm Resources Innovation and Improvement in Henan Province, Key Laboratory for Wheat Biology of Henan Province, Institute of Crop Molecular Breeding, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450002, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Fan M, Zhang Y, Li X, Wu S, Yang M, Yin H, Liu W, Fan Z, Li J. Multi-Approach Analysis Reveals Pathways of Cold Tolerance Divergence in Camellia japonica. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:811791. [PMID: 35283896 PMCID: PMC8914472 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.811791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the molecular mechanism of the cold response is critical to improve horticultural plant cold tolerance. Here, we documented the physiological, transcriptome, proteome, and hormonal dynamics to cold stress in temperate genotype (Tg) and subtropical genotype (Sg) populations of Camellia japonica. Tg C. japonica suffered minimal osmotic and oxidative damage compared to Sg C. japonica under the same cold treatment. Transcriptional and translational differences increased under the cold treatment, indicating that Tg C. japonica was affected by the environment and displayed both conserved and divergent mechanisms. About 60% of the genes responding to cold had similar dynamics in the two populations, but 1,896 transcripts and 455 proteins differentially accumulated in response to the cold between Tg and Sg C. japonica. Co-expression analysis showed that the ribosomal protein and genes related to photosynthesis were upregulated in Tg C. japonica, and tryptophan, phenylpropanoid, and flavonoid metabolism were regulated differently between the two populations under cold stress. The divergence of these genes reflected a difference in cold responsiveness. In addition, the decrease in the abscisic acid (ABA)/gibberellic acid (GA) ratio regulated by biosynthetic signal transduction pathway enhanced cold resistance in Tg C. japonica, suggesting that hormones may regulate the difference in cold responsiveness. These results provide a new understanding of the molecular mechanism of cold stress and will improve cold tolerance in horticultural plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - XinLei Li
- Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Fan M, Yang K, Zhou R, Liu Q, Guo X, Sun Y. Temporal transcriptome profiling reveals candidate genes involved in cold acclimation of Camellia japonica (Naidong). PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 167:795-805. [PMID: 34530324 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Cold is a common problem that limits the distribution of Camellia. Camellia japonica (Naidong) is the northernmost species of camellia in China, which is a Tertiary remnant species that can adapt to large changes in temperature. An analysis of the transcriptional response of C. japonica (Naidong) to cold is very important for the planting and distribution of camellia. In this study, the rate of H₂O₂ levels, electrolyte leakage, chlorophyll and sugar content had a higher degree of cold response during 12-72 h period, than other periods (0-12h, 72h-120h) in C. japonica (Naidong) response to cold treatment. We constructed the first full-length C. japonica (Naidong) transcriptome and identified 4544 significantly differentially expressed genes (DEGs). A weighted gene coexpression network analysis showed that carbon metabolism, lipid metabolism, and transcription factors played important roles in the resistance of C. japonica (Naidong) to cold stress, and three hub transcription factor regulatory networks were constructed. In addition, overexpressing CjRAV1 led to cold sensitivity in Arabidopsis thaliana, thus CjRAV1 likely plays a negative regulatory role during cold stress in Camellia japonica. This study deepens our understanding of the regulatory mechanism of C. japonica (Naidong) under cold stress and will benefit genetic improvement of camellia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- MengLong Fan
- College of Landscape and Forestry, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Kai Yang
- College of Landscape and Forestry, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China; College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Rui Zhou
- College of Landscape and Forestry, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - QingHua Liu
- College of Landscape and Forestry, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Xiao Guo
- College of Landscape and Forestry, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - YingKun Sun
- College of Landscape and Forestry, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Swain A, Behera D, Karmakar S, Dash M, Dash BP, Swain P, Molla KA, Baig MJ. Morphophysiological alterations in transgenic rice lines expressing PPDK and ME genes from the C4 model Setaria italica. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 264:153482. [PMID: 34330009 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2021.153482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Revised: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
C4 plants are superior to C3 plants in terms of productivity and limited photorespiration. PPDK (pyruvate orthophosphate dikinase) and NADP-ME (NADP-dependent malic enzyme) are two important photosynthetic C4-specific enzymes present in the mesophyll cells of C4 plants. To evaluate the effect of C4 enzymes in rice, we developed transgenic rice lines by separately introducing Setaria italica PPDK [SiPPDK] and S. italica ME [SiME] gene constructs under the control of the green tissue-specific maize PPDK promoter. Rice plant lines for both constructs were screened using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), Southern hybridization, and expression analysis. The best transgenic plant lines for each case were selected for physiological and biochemical characterization. The results from qRT-PCR and enzyme activity analysis revealed higher expression and activity of both PPDK and NADP-ME genes compared with the nontransformed and empty-vector-transformed plants. The average photosynthetic efficiency of transgenic plant lines carrying the PPDK and NADP-ME genes increased by 18% and 12%, respectively, and was positively correlated with the increased accumulation of photosynthetic pigment. The decrease in Fv/Fm, increased electron transport rate (ETR), and increased photochemical quenching (qP) compared with nontransformed control plants suggest that transgenic rice plants transferred more absorbed light energy to photochemical reactions than wild-type plants. SiME-transgenic plants displayed reduced leaf malate content and superior performance under water deficit conditions. Interestingly, the transgenic plants showed yield enhancement by exhibiting increased plant height, panicle length, panicle weight and thousand grain weight. Overall, the exogenous foxtail millet C4 gene PPDK enhanced photosynthesis and yield to a greater extent than NADP-ME.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alaka Swain
- ICAR- National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, 753006, Odisha, India
| | | | - Subhasis Karmakar
- ICAR- National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, 753006, Odisha, India
| | - Manaswini Dash
- ICAR- National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, 753006, Odisha, India
| | - Bisnu Prasad Dash
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Fakir Mohan University, Balasore, 756020, Odisha, India
| | - Padmini Swain
- ICAR- National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, 753006, Odisha, India
| | | | - Mirza J Baig
- ICAR- National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, 753006, Odisha, India.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Zhang Q, Li Y, Xu W, Zhang Y, Qi X, Fang Y, Peng C. Joint expression of Zmpepc, Zmppdk, and Zmnadp-me is more efficient than expression of one or two of those genes in improving the photosynthesis of Arabidopsis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 158:410-419. [PMID: 33257233 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This study assessed the effects of seven combinations of maize (Zea mays) genes phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (pepc), pyruvate phosphate dikinase (ppdk), and NADP-malic enzyme (nadp-me), on the photosynthesis of Arabidopsis. The photosynthetic rate, carboxylation efficiency, and shoot-dry-weight of Zmpepc (PC), Zmpepc + Zmppdk (PCK), Zmpepc + Zmnadp-me (PCM), and Zmpepc + Zmppdk + Zmnadp-me (PCKM) were significantly higher than those of the control wild-type (WT), with a trends to be PCKM > PCK > PC and PCM > WT. This indicated that Zmpepc was a prerequisite for improved photosynthetic performance; Zmppdk had a positive effect on Zmpepc, and the triple gene combination had the most significant synergistic effects. PCKM significantly enhanced activity of photosystem (PS)II (K, J phase) and PSI, light energy absorption (ABS/CSm) and conversion (TRo/ABS), and electron transfer (ETo/TRo). PCKM up-regulated 18 photosynthesis-related proteins, among which, 11 were involved in light reaction resulting in improved light-energy absorption and conversion efficiency, electron transfer, activity and stability of PSII and PSI, and the ATP and NADPH production. The remaining seven proteins were involved in dark reaction. The up-regulation of these proteins in PCKM improved the coordinated operation of light and dark reaction, increasing the photosynthesis and dry weight ultimately. These results also provide a promising strategy for the genetic improvement of the photosynthetic performance of C3 crops by inserting major C4 photosynthetic genes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qingchen Zhang
- College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China; National Engineering Laboratory of Wheat, Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Breeding in Central Huanghuai Area, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Crop Molecular Breeding, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450002, China; College of Biology and Food, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu, 476000, China
| | - Yan Li
- National Engineering Laboratory of Wheat, Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Breeding in Central Huanghuai Area, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Crop Molecular Breeding, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Weigang Xu
- National Engineering Laboratory of Wheat, Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Breeding in Central Huanghuai Area, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Crop Molecular Breeding, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.
| | - Yu Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory of Wheat, Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Breeding in Central Huanghuai Area, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Crop Molecular Breeding, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Xueli Qi
- National Engineering Laboratory of Wheat, Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Breeding in Central Huanghuai Area, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Crop Molecular Breeding, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Yuhui Fang
- National Engineering Laboratory of Wheat, Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Breeding in Central Huanghuai Area, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Crop Molecular Breeding, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Chaojun Peng
- National Engineering Laboratory of Wheat, Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Breeding in Central Huanghuai Area, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Crop Molecular Breeding, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Liu H, Mullan D, Zhang C, Zhao S, Li X, Zhang A, Lu Z, Wang Y, Yan G. Major genomic regions responsible for wheat yield and its components as revealed by meta-QTL and genotype-phenotype association analyses. PLANTA 2020; 252:65. [PMID: 32970252 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-020-03466-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION Meta-QTL (MQTL) analysis was done for yield-related traits in wheat. Candidate genes were identified within the refined MQTL and further validated by genotype-phenotype association analysis. Extensive studies have been undertaken on quantitative trait locus/loci (QTL) for wheat yield and its component traits. This study conducted a meta-analysis of 381 QTL related to wheat yield under various environments, including irrigated, drought- and/or heat-stressed conditions. Markers flanking meta-QTL (MQTL) were mapped on the wheat reference genome for their physical positions. Putative candidate genes were examined for MQTL with a physical interval of less than 20 Mbp. A total of 86 MQTL were identified as responsible for yield, of which 34 were for irrigated environments, 39 for drought-stressed environments, 36 for heat-stressed environments, and 23 for both drought- and heat-stressed environments. The high-confidence genes within the physical positions of the MQTL flanking markers were screened in the reference genome RefSeq V1.0, which identified 210 putative candidate genes. The phenotypic data for 14 contrasting genotypes with either high or low yield performance-according to the Australian National Variety Trials-were associated with their genotypic data obtained through ddRAD sequencing, which validated 18 genes or gene clusters associated with MQTL that had important roles for wheat yield. The detected and refined MQTL and candidate genes will be useful for marker-assisted selection of high yield in wheat breeding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Liu
- School of Plant Biology, Faculty of Science and The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Daniel Mullan
- InterGrain Pty Ltd, 19 Ambitious Link, Bibra Lake, WA, 6163, Australia
| | - Chi Zhang
- Beijing Genomics Institute, Shenzhen, 518053, China
| | - Shancen Zhao
- Beijing Genomics Institute, Shenzhen, 518053, China
| | - Xin Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chicness Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Aimin Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chicness Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Zhanyuan Lu
- Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, No. 22, Yuquan Qu Zhaojun Lu, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Wheat Research Institute, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Guijun Yan
- School of Plant Biology, Faculty of Science and The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Liu L, Petchphankul N, Ueda A, Saneoka H. Differences in Physiological Responses of Two Oat ( Avena nuda L.) Lines to Sodic-Alkalinity in the Vegetative Stage. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 9:plants9091188. [PMID: 32933050 PMCID: PMC7570279 DOI: 10.3390/plants9091188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Sodic-alkalinity is a more seriously limiting factor in agricultural productivity than salinity. Oat (Avena nuda) is a salt-tolerant crop species and is therefore useful in studying the physiological responses of cereals to alkalinity. We evaluated the differential effects of sodic-alkalinity on two naked oat lines, Caoyou1 and Yanke1. Seedlings of the two lines were exposed to 50 mM alkaline salt mixture of NaHCO3 and Na2CO3 (18:1 molar ratio; pH 8.5) for 2 weeks in a soil environment. Sodic-alkalinity exposure led the assimilation of abundant Na+ at similar concentrations in the organs of both lines. However, Caoyou1 showed much stronger growth than Yanke1, exhibiting a higher dry weight, total leaf area, and shoot height under sodic-alkalinity. Further analysis showed that Caoyou1 was more sodic-alkalinity tolerance than Yanke1. This was firstly because of differences in the oxidative stress defense mechanisms in leaves of the two lines. Antioxidant enzyme activities were either slightly elevated (catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), guaiacol peroxidase (GP), glutathione reductase (GR)) or unaltered (superoxide dismutase (SOD)) in Caoyou1 leaves, but some enzyme (SOD, GPOX, GR) activities were significantly reduced in Yanke1. AnAPX1 transcript levels significantly increased in Caoyou1 under sodic-alkalinity conditions compared with Yanke1, indicating its better antioxidant capacity. Secondly, the related parameters of Mg2+ concentration, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC) activity, and AnPEPC transcript levels in the leaves showed significantly higher values in Caoyou1 compared with Yanke1. This demonstrated the effective utilization by Caoyou1 of accumulated HCO3- in the irreversible reaction from phosphoenolpyruvate to oxaloacetate to produce inorganic phosphorus, which was elevated in Caoyou1 leaves under alkalinity stress. Overall, the results demonstrated that the greater sodic-alkalinity tolerance of Caoyou1 is the result of: (1) maintained antioxidant enzyme activities; and (2) a higher capacity for the phosphoenolpyruvate to oxaloacetate reactions, as shown by the higher PEPC activity, Mg2+ concentration, and total phosphorus concentration in its leaves, despite the lower soil pH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liyun Liu
- Graduate School of Integrated Science for Life, Hiroshima University, 1-4-4 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8528, Japan; (A.U.); (H.S.)
- Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, 1-4-4 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8528, Japan
| | - Nateetorn Petchphankul
- Tropical Agriculture International Program, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand;
| | - Akihiro Ueda
- Graduate School of Integrated Science for Life, Hiroshima University, 1-4-4 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8528, Japan; (A.U.); (H.S.)
- Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, 1-4-4 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8528, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Saneoka
- Graduate School of Integrated Science for Life, Hiroshima University, 1-4-4 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8528, Japan; (A.U.); (H.S.)
- Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, 1-4-4 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8528, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Genomic dissection and expression analysis of stress-responsive genes in C4 panicoid models, Setaria italica and Setaria viridis. J Biotechnol 2020; 318:57-67. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2020.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
|
16
|
Wang K, Gong Q, Ye X. Recent developments and applications of genetic transformation and genome editing technologies in wheat. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2020; 133:1603-1622. [PMID: 31654081 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-019-03464-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/19/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Wheat (Triticum aestivum) is a staple crop across the world and plays a remarkable role in food supplying security. Over the past few decades, basic and applied research on wheat has lagged behind other cereal crops due to the complex and polyploid genome and difficulties in genetic transformation. A breakthrough called as PureWheat was made in the genetic transformation of wheat in 2014 in Asia, leading to a noticeable progress of wheat genome editing. Due to this great achievement, it is predicated that wheat biotechnology revolution is arriving. Genome editing technologies using zinc finger nucleases, transcription activator-like effector nuclease, and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats-associated endonucleases (CRISR/Cas) are becoming powerful tools for crop modification which can help biologists and biotechnologists better understand the processes of mutagenesis and genomic alteration. Among the three genome editing systems, CRISR/Cas has high specificity and activity, and therefore it is widely used in genetic engineering. Generally, the genome editing technologies depend on an efficient genetic transformation system. In this paper, we summarize recent progresses and applications on genetic transformation and genome editing in wheat. We also examine the future aspects of genetic transformation and genome editing. We believe that the technologies for wheat efficient genetic engineering and functional studies will become routine with the emergence of high-quality genomic sequences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ke Wang
- Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Qiang Gong
- Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xingguo Ye
- Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Yadav S, Rathore MS, Mishra A. The Pyruvate-Phosphate Dikinase (C 4- SmPPDK) Gene From Suaeda monoica Enhances Photosynthesis, Carbon Assimilation, and Abiotic Stress Tolerance in a C 3 Plant Under Elevated CO 2 Conditions. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:345. [PMID: 32373137 PMCID: PMC7186359 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
A pyruvate-phosphate dikinase (C4-PPDK) gene was cloned from Suaeda monoica, which had a single-cell C4 photosynthesis pathway without Kranz anatomy and was functionally validated in a C3 model plant under different abiotic stress conditions in an ambient and elevated CO2 environment. Overexpression of SmPPDK promoted growth of C3 transgenic plants, enhancing their photosynthesis (CO2 assimilation) by lowering photorespiration under stress conditions. Transgenic plants also showed an improved physiological status, with higher relative water content (RWC), membrane integrity, concentration of glycine betaine, total soluble sugars, free amino acids, polyphenols and antioxidant activity, and lower electrolyte leakage, lipid peroxidation, free radical accumulation, and generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), compared to control plants. Moreover, SmPPDK transgenic plants exhibited earlier flowering and higher dry biomass compared to controls. These results suggested that the C4-PPDK gene was appropriate for improvement of carbon assimilation, and it also played an important role in adaption to salinity and severe drought-induced stress. More intriguingly, an elevated CO2 environment alleviated the adverse effects of abiotic stress, particularly caused by drought through coordination of osmoprotectants and antioxidant defense systems. The molecular, physiological, metabolic, and biochemical indicators ameliorated the overall performance of model C3 plants overexpressing the C4-PPDK gene in an elevated CO2 environment, by lowering photorespiration metabolic processes, however, further studies are needed to confirm its precise role in C3 plants as protection against future climate change.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Avinash Mishra
- Division of Applied Phycology and Biotechnology, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Bhavnagar, India
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Chen Z, Chen J, Liu J, Li L, Qin S, Huang Q. Transcriptomic and metabolic analysis of an astaxanthin-hyperproducing Haematococcus pluvialis mutant obtained by low-temperature plasma (LTP) mutagenesis under high light irradiation. ALGAL RES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2019.101746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
19
|
Khan S, Anwar S, Yu S, Sun M, Yang Z, Gao ZQ. Development of Drought-Tolerant Transgenic Wheat: Achievements and Limitations. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E3350. [PMID: 31288392 PMCID: PMC6651533 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20133350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Crop yield improvement is necessary to keep pace with increasing demand for food. Due to climatic variability, the incidence of drought stress at crop growth stages is becoming a major hindering factor to yield improvement. New techniques are required to increase drought tolerance along with improved yield. Genetic modification for increasing drought tolerance is highly desirable, and genetic engineering for drought tolerance requires the expression of certain stress-related genes. Genes have been identified which confer drought tolerance and improve plant growth and survival in transgenic wheat. However, less research has been conducted for the development of transgenic wheat as compared to rice, maize, and other staple food. Furthermore, enhanced tolerance to drought without any yield penalty is a major task of genetic engineering. In this review, we have focused on the progress in the development of transgenic wheat cultivars for improving drought tolerance and discussed the physiological mechanisms and testing of their tolerance in response to inserted genes under control or field conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shahbaz Khan
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
| | - Sumera Anwar
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Shaobo Yu
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
| | - Min Sun
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
| | - Zhenping Yang
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Gao
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Proteomics Analysis to Identify Proteins and Pathways Associated with the Novel Lesion Mimic Mutant E40 in Rice Using iTRAQ-Based Strategy. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20061294. [PMID: 30875808 PMCID: PMC6471476 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20061294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 03/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel rice lesion mimic mutant (LMM) was isolated from the mutant population of Japonica rice cultivar Hitomebore generated by ethyl methane sulfonate (EMS) treatment. Compared with the wild-type (WT), the mutant, tentatively designated E40, developed necrotic lesions over the whole growth period along with detectable changes in several important agronomic traits including lower height, fewer tillers, lower yield, and premature death. To understand the molecular mechanism of mutation-induced phenotypic differences in E40, a proteomics-based approach was used to identify differentially accumulated proteins between E40 and WT. Proteomic data from isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) showed that 233 proteins were significantly up- or down-regulated in E40 compared with WT. These proteins are involved in diverse biological processes, but phenylpropanoid biosynthesis was the only up-regulated pathway. Differential expression of the genes encoding some candidate proteins with significant up- or down-regulation in E40 were further verified by qPCR. Consistent with the proteomic results, substance and energy flow in E40 shifted from basic metabolism to secondary metabolism, mainly phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, which is likely involved in the formation of leaf spots.
Collapse
|
21
|
Genetic Modification for Wheat Improvement: From Transgenesis to Genome Editing. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:6216304. [PMID: 30956982 PMCID: PMC6431451 DOI: 10.1155/2019/6216304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Revised: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
To feed the growing human population, global wheat yields should increase to approximately 5 tonnes per ha from the current 3.3 tonnes by 2050. To reach this goal, existing breeding practices must be complemented with new techniques built upon recent gains from wheat genome sequencing, and the accumulated knowledge of genetic determinants underlying the agricultural traits responsible for crop yield and quality. In this review we primarily focus on the tools and techniques available for accessing gene functions which lead to clear phenotypes in wheat. We provide a view of the development of wheat transformation techniques from a historical perspective, and summarize how techniques have been adapted to obtain gain-of-function phenotypes by gene overexpression, loss-of-function phenotypes by expressing antisense RNAs (RNA interference or RNAi), and most recently the manipulation of gene structure and expression using site-specific nucleases, such as CRISPR/Cas9, for genome editing. The review summarizes recent successes in the application of wheat genetic manipulation to increase yield, improve nutritional and health-promoting qualities in wheat, and enhance the crop's resistance to various biotic and abiotic stresses.
Collapse
|
22
|
Zhang B, Liu J, Wang X, Wei Z. Full-length RNA sequencing reveals unique transcriptome composition in bermudagrass. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2018; 132:95-103. [PMID: 30176433 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2018.08.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.] is an important perennial warm-season turfgrass species with great economic value. However, the reference genome and transcriptome information are still deficient in bermudagrass, which severely impedes functional and molecular breeding studies. In this study, through analyzing a mixture sample of leaves, stolons, shoots, roots and flowers with single-molecule long-read sequencing technology from Pacific Biosciences (PacBio), we reported the first full-length transcriptome dataset of bermudagrass (C. dactylon cultivar Yangjiang) comprising 78,192 unigenes. Among the unigenes, 66,409 were functionally annotated, whereas 27,946 were found to have two or more isoforms. The annotated full-length unigenes provided many new insights into gene sequence characteristics and systematic phylogeny of bermudagrass. By comparison with transcriptome dataset in nine grass species, KEGG pathway analyses further revealed that C4 photosynthesis-related genes, notably the phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase and pyruvate, phosphate dikinase genes, are specifically enriched in bermudagrass. These results not only explained the possible reason why bermudagrass flourishes in warm areas but also provided a solid basis for future studies in this important turfgrass species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bing Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
| | - Jianxiu Liu
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Xiaoshan Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Zhenwu Wei
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Tang Y, Li X, Lu W, Wei X, Zhang Q, Lv C, Song N. Enhanced photorespiration in transgenic rice over-expressing maize C 4 phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase gene contributes to alleviating low nitrogen stress. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2018; 130:577-588. [PMID: 30114676 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2018.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Revised: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to reveal the physiological and molecular mechanisms of low-nitrogen (N) tolerance in transgenic plant lines containing C4 phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (C4-PEPC) gene. The transgenic rice lines only over-expressing the maize C4-PEPC) (PC) and their untransformed wild type, Kitaake (WT), were used in this study. At different N levels, the dry weight, total N content, carbon and N levels, photorespiration-related enzymatic activities, gene expression levels and photorespiration-related product accumulations were measured, as were the transgenic lines' agronomic traits. The PC line, having lower total N and higher soluble sugar contents, was more tolerant to low-N stress than WT, which was consistent with its higher PEPC and lower N-assimilation-related enzyme activity levels. The photosynthetic parameters, enzymatic activity levels, transcripts and products related to photorespiration in PC were also greater than in WT under low-N conditions. This study showed that increased carbon levels in transgenic rice lines overexpressing C4-PEPC could help regulate the photorespiratory pathway under low-N conditions, conferring low-N tolerance and a higher grain yield per plant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Tang
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China; Institute of Food Crops, Jiangsu Rice Engineering Research Center, National Center for Rice Improvement (Nanjing), Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Xia Li
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China; Institute of Food Crops, Jiangsu Rice Engineering Research Center, National Center for Rice Improvement (Nanjing), Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China; College of Biology and Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China.
| | - Wei Lu
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xiaodong Wei
- Institute of Food Crops, Jiangsu Rice Engineering Research Center, National Center for Rice Improvement (Nanjing), Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Qijun Zhang
- Institute of Food Crops, Jiangsu Rice Engineering Research Center, National Center for Rice Improvement (Nanjing), Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Chuangen Lv
- Institute of Food Crops, Jiangsu Rice Engineering Research Center, National Center for Rice Improvement (Nanjing), Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Ningxi Song
- Institute of Food Crops, Jiangsu Rice Engineering Research Center, National Center for Rice Improvement (Nanjing), Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China; College of Biology and Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Liu X, Li X, Dai C, Zhou J, Yan T, Zhang J. Improved short-term drought response of transgenic rice over-expressing maize C 4 phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase via calcium signal cascade. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 218:206-221. [PMID: 28888162 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2017.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Revised: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
To understand the link between long-term drought tolerance and short-term drought responses in plants, transgenic rice (Oryza sativa L.) plants over-expressing the maize C4-pepc gene encoding phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PC) and wild-type (WT) rice plants were subjected to PEG 6000 treatments to simulate drought stress. Compared with WT, PC had the higher survival rate and net photosynthetic rate after 16days of drought treatment, and had higher relative water content in leaves after 2h of drought treatment as well, conferring drought tolerance. WT accumulated higher amounts of malondialdehyde, superoxide radicals, and H2O2 than PC under the 2-h PEG 6000 treatment, indicating greater damages in WT. Results from pretreatments with a Ca2+ chelator and/or antagonist showed that the regulation of the early drought response in PC was Ca2+-dependent. The NO and H2O2 levels in PC lines were also up-regulated via Ca2+ signals, indicating that Ca2+ in PC lines also reacted upstream of NO and H2O2. 2-h drought treatment increased the transcripts of CPK9 and CPK4 in PC via positive up-regulation of Ca2+. The transcripts of NAC6 [NACs (NAM, ATAF1, ATAF2, and CUC2)] and bZIP60 (basic leucine zipper, bZIP) were up-regulated, but those of DREB2B (dehydration-responsive element-binding protein, DREB) were down-regulated, both via Ca2+ signals in PC. PEPC activity, expressions of C4-pepc, and the antioxidant enzyme activities in PC lines were up-regulated via Ca2+. These results indicated that Ca2+ signals in PC lines can up-regulate the NAC6 and bZIP60 and the downstream targets for early drought responses, conferring drought tolerance for the long term.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Liu
- Institute of Food Crops, Provincial Key Laboratory of Agrobiology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangsu High Quality Rice R and D Center, Nanjing Branch, China National Center for Rice Improvement, Nanjing 210014, PR China; College of Life Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Xia Li
- Institute of Food Crops, Provincial Key Laboratory of Agrobiology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangsu High Quality Rice R and D Center, Nanjing Branch, China National Center for Rice Improvement, Nanjing 210014, PR China; College of Life Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China.
| | - Chuanchao Dai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Industrialization of Microbial Resources, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Jiayu Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Industrialization of Microbial Resources, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Ting Yan
- Institute of Food Crops, Provincial Key Laboratory of Agrobiology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangsu High Quality Rice R and D Center, Nanjing Branch, China National Center for Rice Improvement, Nanjing 210014, PR China; College of Life Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Jinfei Zhang
- Institute of Food Crops, Provincial Key Laboratory of Agrobiology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangsu High Quality Rice R and D Center, Nanjing Branch, China National Center for Rice Improvement, Nanjing 210014, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Bachir DG, Saeed I, Song Q, Linn TZ, Chen L, Hu YG. Characterization and expression patterns of key C 4 photosynthetic pathway genes in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under field conditions. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 213:87-97. [PMID: 28340469 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2017.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Revised: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Wheat is a C3 plant with relatively low photosynthetic efficiency and is a potential target for C4 photosynthetic pathway engineering. Here we reported the characterization of four key C4 pathway genes and assessed their expression patterns and enzymatic activities at three growth stages in flag leaves of 59 bread wheat genotypes. The C4-like genes homologous to PEPC, NADP-ME, MDH, and PPDK in maize were identified in the A, B, and D sub-genomes of bread wheat, located on the long arms of chromosomes 3 and 5 (TaPEPC), short arms of chromosomes 1 and 3 (TaNADP-ME), long arms of chromosomes 1 and 7 (TaMDH), and long arms of chromosome 1 (TaPPDK), respectively. All the four C4-like genes were expressed in the flag leaves at the three growth stages with considerable variations among the 59 bread wheat genotypes. Significant differences were observed between the photosynthesis rates (A) of wheat genotypes with higher expressions of TaPEPC_5, TaNADP-ME_1, and TaMDH_7 at heading and middle grain-filling stages and those with intermediate and low expressions. Our results also indicated that the four C4 enzymes showed activity in the flag leaves and were obviously different among the 59 wheat genotypes. The activities of PEPcase and PPDK decreased at anthesis and slightly increased at grain-filling stage, while NADP-ME and MDH exhibited a decreasing trend at the three stages. The results of the current study could be very valuable and useful for wheat researchers in improving photosynthetic capacity of wheat.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daoura Goudia Bachir
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Iqbal Saeed
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China; NIFA, PO BOX 446, Tarnab, Peshawar, KP, Pakistan
| | - Quanhao Song
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Tay Zar Linn
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Liang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Yin-Gang Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China; Institute of Water Saving Agriculture in Arid Regions of China, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Zhang C, Li X, He Y, Zhang J, Yan T, Liu X. Physiological investigation of C 4-phosphoenolpyruvate-carboxylase-introduced rice line shows that sucrose metabolism is involved in the improved drought tolerance. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2017; 115:328-342. [PMID: 28415033 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2017.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Revised: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We compared the drought tolerance of wild-type (WT) and transgenic rice plants (PC) over-expressing the maize C4PEPC gene, which encodes phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC, EC 4.1.1.31) gene, and evaluated the roles of saccharide and sugar-related enzymes in the drought response. Pot-grown seedlings were subjected to real drought conditions outdoors, and the yield components were compared between PC and untransformed wild-type (WT) plants. The stable yield from PC plants was associated with higher net photosynthetic rate under the real drought treatment. The physiological characters of WT and PC seedlings under a simulated drought treatment (25% (w/v) polyethylene glycol-6000 for 3 h; PEG 6000 treatment) were analyzed in detail for the early response of drought. The relative water content was higher in PC than in WT, and PEPC activity and the C4-PEPC transcript level in PC were elevated under the simulated drought conditions. The endogenous saccharide responses also differed between PC and WT under simulated drought stress. The higher sugar decomposition rate in PC than in WT under drought analog stress was related to the increased activities of sucrose phosphate synthase, sucrose synthase, acid invertase, and neutral invertase, increased transcript levels of VIN1, CIN1, NIN1, SUT2, SUT4, and SUT5, and increased activities of superoxide dismutase and peroxidase in the leaves. The greater antioxidant defense capacity of PC and its relationship with saccharide metabolism was one of the reasons for the improved drought tolerance. In conclusion, PEPC effectively alleviated oxidative damage and enhanced the drought tolerance in rice plants, which were more related to the increase of the endogenous saccharide decomposition. These findings show that components of C4 photosynthesis can be used to increase the yield of rice under drought conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chen Zhang
- Institute of Food and Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences Nanjing 210014, PR China; College of Life Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Xia Li
- Institute of Food and Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences Nanjing 210014, PR China; College of Life Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China.
| | - Yafei He
- Institute of Food and Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences Nanjing 210014, PR China
| | - Jinfei Zhang
- Institute of Food and Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences Nanjing 210014, PR China
| | - Ting Yan
- Institute of Food and Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences Nanjing 210014, PR China; College of Life Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Xiaolong Liu
- Institute of Food and Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences Nanjing 210014, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Qi X, Xu W, Zhang J, Guo R, Zhao M, Hu L, Wang H, Dong H, Li Y. Physiological characteristics and metabolomics of transgenic wheat containing the maize C 4 phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC) gene under high temperature stress. PROTOPLASMA 2017; 254:1017-1030. [PMID: 27491550 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-016-1010-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, two transgenic wheat lines, PC27 and PC51, containing the maize PEPC gene and its wild-type (WT) were used as experimental material to study the effects of high temperature on their photosynthetic physiological characteristics and metabolome. The results showed that transgenic wheat lines had higher photosynthetic rate (P n) than WT under non-stress treatment (NT) and high temperature stress treatment (HT), and more significantly under HT. The change trends of F v/F m, Ф PSII, and q P were similar to P n, whereas that of non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) was the opposite. Compared with WT, no differences in chlorophyll content between the transgenic wheat and WT were observed under NT, but two transgenic lines had relatively higher contents than WT under HT. The change trends of Chlorophyll a/b radio, the decreased values of F m, Wk, and Vj, and the activity of the antioxidant enzyme were consistent with the chlorophyll content. Compared with WT, transgenic wheat lines exhibited lower rate of superoxide anion production, H2O2 and malondialdehyde content under HT, and no significant differences were observed under NT. The expression pattern of the ZmPEPC gene and wheat endogenous photosynthesis-related genes were in agreement with that of P n. Compared with WT, about 13 different metabolites including one organic acid, six amino acids, four sugars, and two polyols were identified under NT; 25 different metabolites including six organic acids, 12 amino acids, four sugars, and three polyols were identified under HT. Collectively, our results indicate that ZmPEPC gene can enhance photochemical and antioxidant enzyme activity, upregulate the expression of photosynthesis-related genes, delay degradation of chlorophyll, change contents of proline and other metabolites in wheat, and ultimately improves its heat tolerance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xueli Qi
- College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450002, China
- Wheat Research Institute, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450002, China
| | - Weigang Xu
- Wheat Research Institute, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450002, China.
| | - Jianzhou Zhang
- Wheat Research Institute, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450002, China
| | - Rui Guo
- Wheat Research Institute, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450002, China
| | - Mingzhong Zhao
- Wheat Research Institute, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450002, China
| | - Lin Hu
- Wheat Research Institute, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450002, China
| | - Huiwei Wang
- Wheat Research Institute, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450002, China
| | - Haibin Dong
- Wheat Research Institute, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450002, China
| | - Yan Li
- Wheat Research Institute, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450002, China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Liu X, Li X, Zhang C, Dai C, Zhou J, Ren C, Zhang J. Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase regulation in C4-PEPC-expressing transgenic rice during early responses to drought stress. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2017; 159:178-200. [PMID: 27592839 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Revised: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC; EC 4.1.1.31) has important functions in C4 photosynthesis and biosynthesis of intermediate metabolites. In this study, the drought resistance of C4-PEPC-expressing transgenic rice (Oryza sativa, line PC) plants was assessed using simulated drought conditions [i.e. polyethylene glycol (PEG)-6000 treatment]. The dry weight of PC plants was higher than that of wild-type (WT) plants following treatment with 15% PEG-6000 for 16 days. Furthermore, the water use efficiency, relative water content and proline content in PC plants were higher than those of WT plants, as were C4-PEPC activity and transcript levels following treatment with 5% PEG-6000 for 2 h. The protein kinase activities and transcript levels of sucrose non-fermenting-1-related protein kinases (SnRKs) genes, such as SnRK1a, OsK24 and OsK35 were also higher in PC plants than in WT plants following treatment with 5% PEG-6000 for 2 h. Additionally, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase kinase (PPCK, EC 4.1.1.32) activities and transcript levels (e.g. PPCK1 and PPCK2) increased following drought treatment. These changes were regulated by signaling molecules, such as calcium, nitric oxide and hydrogen peroxide. Furthermore, the -1095 to -416 region of the C4-PEPC promoter in PC plants was demethylated following exposure to drought conditions for 1 h. The demethylation coincided with an increase in C4-PEPC expression. Our data suggest that the demethylation of the C4-PEPC promoter and the phosphorylation catalyzed by PPCK have key roles in conferring drought tolerance to the transgenic rice plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Liu
- Institute of Food Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangsu High Quality Rice Research and Development Center, Nanjing Branch, China National Center for Rice Improvement, Nanjing, 210014, China
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xia Li
- Institute of Food Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangsu High Quality Rice Research and Development Center, Nanjing Branch, China National Center for Rice Improvement, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Chen Zhang
- Institute of Food Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangsu High Quality Rice Research and Development Center, Nanjing Branch, China National Center for Rice Improvement, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Chuanchao Dai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Industrialization of Microbial Resources, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jiayu Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Industrialization of Microbial Resources, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Chenggang Ren
- Institute of Food Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangsu High Quality Rice Research and Development Center, Nanjing Branch, China National Center for Rice Improvement, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Jinfei Zhang
- Institute of Food Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangsu High Quality Rice Research and Development Center, Nanjing Branch, China National Center for Rice Improvement, Nanjing, 210014, China
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Zhang Y, Verhoeff NI, Chen Z, Chen S, Wang M, Zhu Z, Ouwerkerk PBF. Functions of OsDof25 in regulation of OsC4PPDK. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2015; 89:229-42. [PMID: 26337938 PMCID: PMC4579267 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-015-0357-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Accepted: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Relative little is known about the functions of the so-called Dof zinc factors in plants. Here we report on the analysis of OsDof25 and show a function in regulation of the important C4 photosynthesis gene, OsC4PPDK in rice. Over-expression of OsDof25 enhanced the expression of OsC4PPDK in transient expression experiments by binding in a specific way to a conserved Dof binding site which was confirmed by yeast and in vitro binding studies. Expression studies using promoter GUS plants as well as qPCR experiments showed that OsDof25 expressed in different tissues including both photosynthetic and non-photosynthetic organs and that expression of OsDof25 was partially overlapping with the OsC4PPDK gene. Conclusive evidence for a role of OsDof25 in regulation of C4PPDK came from loss-of-function and gain-of-function experiments with transgenic rice, which showed that down-regulation or over-expression of OsDof25 correlated with OsC4PPDK expression and that OsDof25 has functions as transcriptional activator.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Zhang
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Genetics, Institute of Biology (IBL), Leiden University, P.O. Box 9505, 2300 RA, Leiden, The Netherlands
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1 West Beichen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China
- Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - N I Verhoeff
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Genetics, Institute of Biology (IBL), Leiden University, P.O. Box 9505, 2300 RA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Z Chen
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wusi Rd 247, Fuzhou, 350003, Fujian, China
| | - S Chen
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wusi Rd 247, Fuzhou, 350003, Fujian, China
| | - Mei Wang
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Genetics, Institute of Biology (IBL), Leiden University, P.O. Box 9505, 2300 RA, Leiden, The Netherlands
- SU BioMedicine/TNO Quality of Life, Zernikedreef 9, P.O. Box 2215, 2301 CE, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Zhen Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1 West Beichen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - P B F Ouwerkerk
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Genetics, Institute of Biology (IBL), Leiden University, P.O. Box 9505, 2300 RA, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|