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Płachno BJ, Kapusta M, Stolarczyk P, Feldo M, Świątek P. Cell Wall Microdomains in the External Glands of Utricularia dichotoma Traps. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6089. [PMID: 38892273 PMCID: PMC11173196 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25116089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The genus Utricularia (bladderworts) species are carnivorous plants that prey on invertebrates using traps with a high-speed suction mechanism. The outer trap surface is lined by dome-shaped glands responsible for secreting water in active traps. In terminal cells of these glands, the outer wall is differentiated into several layers, and even cell wall ingrowths are covered by new cell wall layers. Due to changes in the cell wall, these glands are excellent models for studying the specialization of cell walls (microdomains). The main aim of this study was to check if different cell wall layers have a different composition. Antibodies against arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs) were used, including JIM8, JIM13, JIM14, MAC207, and JIM4. The localization of the examined compounds was determined using immunohistochemistry techniques and immunogold labeling. Differences in composition were found between the primary cell wall and the cell secondary wall in terminal gland cells. The outermost layer of the cell wall of the terminal cell, which was cuticularized, was devoid of AGPs (JIM8, JIM14). In contrast, the secondary cell wall in terminal cells was rich in AGPs. AGPs localized with the JIM13, JIM8, and JIM14 epitopes occurred in wall ingrowths of pedestal cells. Our research supports the hypothesis of water secretion by the external glands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartosz J. Płachno
- Department of Plant Cytology and Embryology, Institute of Botany, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University in Kraków, 9 Gronostajowa St., 30-387 Cracow, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Kapusta
- Bioimaging Laboratory, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdańsk, 59 Wita Stwosza St., 80-308 Gdansk, Poland;
| | - Piotr Stolarczyk
- Department of Botany, Physiology and Plant Protection, Faculty of Biotechnology and Horticulture, University of Agriculture in Kraków, 29 Listopada 54 Ave., 31-425 Cracow, Poland;
| | - Marcin Feldo
- Department of Vascular Surgery and Angiology, Medical University of Lublin, 16 Staszica St., 20-081 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Piotr Świątek
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, 9 Bankowa St., 40-007 Katowice, Poland;
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Zhao S, Zhang J, Liu X, Guo K, Wang X. External application of dandelion combined with borneol effectively reduced pain and facial swelling after jaw surgery. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e35258. [PMID: 37746960 PMCID: PMC10519448 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000035258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To explore the effects of the combination of dandelion with borneol on the maxillofacial region of patients after jaw surgery in reducing the acute inflammatory reaction after surgery, the degree of facial swelling, pain, and limitation of mouth opening, and increasing patient satisfaction. METHODS A total of 120 patients who met the inclusion criteria were randomly divided into 4 groups: group A: ice compress; Group B: dandelion; Group C: borneol; Group D: dandelion combined with borneol. Patients were evaluated on the day of the operation, the first day, and the second day after the operation. RESULTS External application of dandelion combined with borneol had a better controlling effect on facial swelling and limited mouth opening compared with the single treatment groups, and the satisfaction score was higher ( P < .05). CONCLUSION External application of dandelion combined with borneol was effective in the treatment of maxillofacial swelling and pain. This approach quickly relieved swelling, restored the limitation of mouth opening, and improved patient satisfaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengnan Zhao
- The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Jinling Zhang
- The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Xia Liu
- The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Kun Guo
- The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiaorun Wang
- The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
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Janas AB, Szeląg Z, Musiał K. In search of female sterility causes in the tetraploid and pentaploid cytotype of Pilosella brzovecensis (Asteraceae). JOURNAL OF PLANT RESEARCH 2021; 134:803-810. [PMID: 33813645 PMCID: PMC8245384 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-021-01290-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Within the agamic Pilosella complex, apomixis (asexual reproduction through seed) involves apospory, parthenogenesis, and autonomous endosperm development. Observations of reproductive biology in P. brzovecensis throughout four growing seasons in the garden have shown that both tetraploid and pentaploid plants of this species do not produce viable seeds and reproduce exclusively vegetatively by underground stolons. The reasons for the seed development failure were unknown, therefore our research focused on the analysis of reproductive events in the ovules of this taxon. We found that apospory was initiated in the ovules of both cytotypes. Multiple aposporous initial (AI) cells differentiated in close proximity to the megaspore mother cell (MMC) and suppressed megasporogenesis at the stage of early prophase I. However, none of the AI cells was able to further develop into a multi-nucleate aposporous embryo sac (AES) due to the inhibition of mitotic divisions. It was unusual that callose was accumulated in the walls of AI cells and its synthesis was most likely associated with a response to the dysfunction of these cells. Callose is regarded as the isolating factor and its surprising deposition in the ovules of P. brzovecensis may signal disruption of reproductive processes that cause premature termination of the aposporous development pathway and ultimately lead to ovule sterility. The results of our embryological analysis may be the basis for undertaking advanced molecular studies aimed at fully understanding of the causes of female sterility in P. brzovecensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Barbara Janas
- Department of Plant Cytology and Embryology, Institute of Botany, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387, Cracow, Poland.
- The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 21, 30-239, Cracow, Poland.
| | - Zbigniew Szeląg
- Institute of Biology, Pedagogical University of Cracow, Podchorążych 2, 30-084, Cracow, Poland
| | - Krystyna Musiał
- Department of Plant Cytology and Embryology, Institute of Botany, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387, Cracow, Poland
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Płachno BJ, Kapusta M, Świątek P, Stolarczyk P, Kocki J. Immunodetection of Pectic Epitopes, Arabinogalactan Proteins, and Extensins in Mucilage Cells from the Ovules of Pilosella officinarum Vaill. and Taraxacum officinale Agg. (Asteraceae). Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E9642. [PMID: 33348898 PMCID: PMC7766254 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The main aim of this study was to compare the cytological difference between ovular mucilage cells in two Asteraceae species-Pilosella officinarum and Taraxacum officinale-in order to determine whether pectic epitopes, arabinogalactan proteins, or extensins are present. The immunocytochemical technique was used. Both the Taracacum and Pilosella genera have been used recently as models for understanding the mechanisms of apomixis. Knowledge of the presence of signal molecules (pectic epitopes, arabinogalactan proteins, and extensins) can help better understand the developmental processes in these plants during seed growth. The results showed that in Pilosella officinarum, there was an accumulation of pectins in the mucilage, including both weakly and highly esterified pectins, which was in contrast to the mucilage of Taraxacum officinale, which had low amounts of these pectins. However, Taraxacum protoplasts of mucilage cells were rich in weakly methyl-esterified pectins. While the mucilage contained arabinogalactan proteins in both of the studied species, the types of arabinogalactan proteins were different. In both of the studied species, extensins were recorded in the transmitting tissues. Arabinogalactan proteins as well as weakly and highly esterified pectins and extensins occurred in close proximity to calcium oxalate crystals in both Taraxacum and Pilosella cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartosz J. Płachno
- Department of Plant Cytology and Embryology, Institute of Botany, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University in Kraków, 9 Gronostajowa St., 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Kapusta
- Department of Plant Cytology and Embryology, University of Gdańsk, 59. Wita Stwosza St., 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland;
| | - Piotr Świątek
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, 9 Bankowa St., 40-007 Katowice, Poland;
| | - Piotr Stolarczyk
- Department of Botany, Physiology and Plant Protection, Faculty of Biotechnology and Horticulture, University of Agriculture in Kraków, 29 Listopada 54 Ave., 31-425 Kraków, Poland;
| | - Janusz Kocki
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Medical University of Lublin, 11 Radziwiłowska St., 20-080 Lublin, Poland;
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Morphological, Anatomical, and Phytochemical Studies of Carlina acaulis L. Cypsela. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21239230. [PMID: 33287411 PMCID: PMC7730301 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21239230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Carlina acaulis L. has a long tradition of use in folk medicine. The chemical composition of the roots and green parts of the plant is quite well known. There is the lowest amount of data on the cypsela (fruit) of this plant. In this study, the microscopic structures and the chemical composition of the cypsela were investigated. Preliminary cytochemical studies of the structure of the Carlina acaulis L. cypsela showed the presence of substantial amounts of protein and lipophilic substances. The chemical composition of the cypsela was investigated using spectrophotometry, gas chromatography with mass spectrometry, and high-performance liquid chromatography with spectrophotometric and fluorescence detection. The cypsela has been shown to be a rich source of macro- and microelements, vegetable oil (25%), α-tocopherol (approx. 2 g/kg of oil), protein (approx. 36% seed weight), and chlorogenic acids (approx. 22 g/kg seed weight). It also contains a complex set of volatile compounds. The C. acaulis cypsela is, therefore, a valuable source of nutrients and bioactive substances.
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Chaban I, Baranova E, Kononenko N, Khaliluev M, Smirnova E. Distinct Differentiation Characteristics of Endothelium Determine Its Ability to Form Pseudo-Embryos in Tomato Ovules. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 21:E12. [PMID: 31861391 PMCID: PMC6982238 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21010012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The endothelium is an additional cell layer, differentiating from the inner epidermis of the ovule integument. In tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.), after fertilization, the endothelium separates from integument and becomes an independent tissue developing next to the growing embryo sac. In the absence of fertilization, the endothelium may proliferate and form pseudo-embryo. However, the course of the reorganization of endothelium into pseudo-embryo in tomato ovules is poorly understood. We aimed to investigate specific features of endothelium differentiation and the role of the endothelium in the development of fertilized and unfertilized tomato ovules. The ovules of tomato plants ("YaLF" line), produced by vegetative growth plants of transgenic tomato line expressing the ac gene, encoding chitin-binding protein from Amaranthus caudatus L., were investigated using light and transmission electron microscopy. We showed that in the fertilized ovule of normally developing fruit and in the unfertilized ovule of parthenocarpic fruit, separation of the endothelium from integument occurs via programmed death of cells of the integumental parenchyma, adjacent to the endothelium. Endothelial cells in normally developing ovules change their structural and functional specialization from meristematic to secretory and back to meristematic, and proliferate until seeds fully mature. The secretory activity of the endothelium is necessary for the lysis of dying cells of the integument and provides the space for the growth of the new sporophyte. However, in ovules of parthenocarpic fruits, pseudo-embryo cells do not change their structural and functional organization and remain meristematic, no zone of lysis is formed, and pseudo-embryo cells undergo programmed cell death. Our data shows the key role of the endothelium as a protective and secretory tissue, needed for the normal development of ovules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inna Chaban
- All-Russia Research Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Timiryazevskaya 42, Moscow 127550, Russia; (I.C.); (E.B.); (N.K.); (M.K.)
| | - Ekaterina Baranova
- All-Russia Research Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Timiryazevskaya 42, Moscow 127550, Russia; (I.C.); (E.B.); (N.K.); (M.K.)
| | - Neonila Kononenko
- All-Russia Research Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Timiryazevskaya 42, Moscow 127550, Russia; (I.C.); (E.B.); (N.K.); (M.K.)
| | - Marat Khaliluev
- All-Russia Research Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Timiryazevskaya 42, Moscow 127550, Russia; (I.C.); (E.B.); (N.K.); (M.K.)
- Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, Russian State Agrarian University, Timiryazevskaya 49, Moscow 127550, Russia
| | - Elena Smirnova
- All-Russia Research Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Timiryazevskaya 42, Moscow 127550, Russia; (I.C.); (E.B.); (N.K.); (M.K.)
- Biology Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1/12, Moscow 119234, Russia
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Elias RA, Lando AP, Viana WG, Ortiz J, da Costa CD, Schmidt ÉC, Souza LA, Guerra MP, Steiner N. Structural aspects of cypsela and seed development of Trichocline catharinensis (Cabrera): a Brazilian endemic species. PROTOPLASMA 2019; 256:1495-1506. [PMID: 31144034 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-019-01361-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This is the first study to describe in a timescale morphohistological and ultrastructural characteristics of fruit (cypsela) and seed development in Trichocline catharinensis, which was completed 21 days after anthesis (DAA). At anthesis, we identified an ovary with three differentiated regions, including the inner epidermis, inner part, and outer epidermis. The mature ovule showed an integument with the outer epidermis, integumentary parenchyma, and endothelium. Cells around the endothelium form the periendothelial zone with thick cell walls that showed Periodic acid-Schiff (PAS)-positive reaction. The periendothelial zone and endothelium showed degradation of the cells during embryogenesis. The main stages of embryo development from fecundation through mature seed were identified. The ripe cypsela showed the pericarp (exocarp), seed coat (exotesta), and remaining endosperm surrounding the embryo. Mature embryos were straight with shoot apical meristem (SAM), and root apical meristem (RAM) was separated by the hypocotyl. Light microscopy (LM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analyses indicate cells with characteristics of meristem cells, as well as proteins and lipid bodies and mitochondria with few cristae in cotyledon cells. Our findings provide insight into taxonomic and physiological studies by detailing cypsela and seed ontogenesis from an endemic and vulnerable Asteraceae from southern Brazil. This study is also a starting point for establishing the biological criteria for seed harvesting and future studies of seed physiology and conservation of plant genetic resource.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Angelica Elias
- Plant Physiology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Lando
- Plant Physiology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Willian G Viana
- Plant Physiology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Jacqueline Ortiz
- Plant Physiology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Cláudia Dias da Costa
- Plant Physiology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Éder Carlos Schmidt
- Plant Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology, Embryology and Genetics, Federal University of Santa Catarina, C.P. 476, Florianópolis, SC, 88049-900, Brazil
| | - Luiz Antônio Souza
- Department of Biology, State University of Maringá, Av. Colombo 5790, Zona 7, Maringá, Paraná, 87020-900, Brazil
| | - Miguel Pedro Guerra
- Plant Developmental Physiology and Genetics Laboratory, Department of Plant Science, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, 88034-001, Brazil
| | - Neusa Steiner
- Plant Physiology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil.
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Płachno BJ, Świątek P, Kozieradzka-Kiszkurno M, Szeląg Z, Stolarczyk P. Integument cell gelatinisation-the fate of the integumentary cells in Hieracium and Pilosella (Asteraceae). PROTOPLASMA 2017; 254:2287-2294. [PMID: 28508157 PMCID: PMC5653734 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-017-1120-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Members of the genera Hieracium and Pilosella are model plants that are used to study the mechanisms of apomixis. In order to have a proper understanding of apomixis, knowledge about the relationship between the maternal tissue and the gametophyte is needed. In the genus Pilosella, previous authors have described the specific process of the "liquefaction" of the integument cells that surround the embryo sac. However, these observations were based on data only at the light microscopy level. The main aim of our paper was to investigate the changes in the integument cells at the ultrastructural level in Pilosella officinarum and Hieracium alpinum. We found that the integument peri-endothelial zone in both species consisted of mucilage cells. The mucilage was deposited as a thick layer between the plasma membrane and the cell wall. The mucilage pushed the protoplast to the centre of the cell, and cytoplasmic bridges connected the protoplast to the plasmodesmata through the mucilage layers. Moreover, an elongation of the plasmodesmata was observed in the mucilage cells. The protoplasts had an irregular shape and were finally degenerated. After the cell wall breakdown of the mucilage cells, lysigenous cavities that were filled with mucilage were formed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartosz J Płachno
- Department of Plant Cytology and Embryology, Jagiellonian University in Kraków, 9 Gronostajowa St., 30-387, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Piotr Świątek
- Department of Animal Histology and Embryology, University of Silesia in Katowice, 9 Bankowa St., 40-007, Katowice, Poland
| | | | - Zbigniew Szeląg
- Department of Botany, Pedagogical University of Kraków, 3 Podchorążych St., 30-084, Kraków, Poland
| | - Piotr Stolarczyk
- Unit of Botany and Plant Physiology, Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Horticulture, University of Agriculture in Kraków, 29 Listopada 54 Street, 31-425, Kraków, Poland
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Gawecki R, Sala K, Kurczyńska EU, Świątek P, Płachno BJ. Immunodetection of some pectic, arabinogalactan proteins and hemicellulose epitopes in the micropylar transmitting tissue of apomictic dandelions (Taraxacum, Asteraceae, Lactuceae). PROTOPLASMA 2017; 254:657-668. [PMID: 27154759 PMCID: PMC5309284 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-016-0980-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
In apomictic Taraxacum species, the development of both the embryo and the endosperm does not require double fertilisation. However, a structural reduction of ovular transmitting tissue was not observed in apomictic dandelions. The aim of this study was to analyse the chemical composition of the cell walls to describe the presence of arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs), hemicellulose and some pectic epitopes in the micropylar transmitting tissue of apomictic Taraxacum. The results point to (1) the similar distribution of AGPs in different developmental stages, (2) the absence of highly methyl-esterified homogalacturonan (HG) in transmitting tissue of ovule containing a mature embryo sac and the appearance of this pectin domain in the young seed containing the embryo and endosperm, (3) the similar pattern of low methyl-esterified pectin occurrence in both an ovule and a young seed with an embryo and endosperm in apomictic Taraxacum and (4) the presence of hemicelluloses recognised by LM25 and LM21 antibodies in the reproductive structure of Taraxacum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Gawecki
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia, 28 Jagiellońska St., 40-032, Katowice, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Sala
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia, 28 Jagiellońska St., 40-032, Katowice, Poland
| | - Ewa U Kurczyńska
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia, 28 Jagiellońska St., 40-032, Katowice, Poland
| | - Piotr Świątek
- Department of Animal Histology and Embryology, University of Silesia, 9 Bankowa St., 40-007, Katowice, Poland
| | - Bartosz J Płachno
- Department of Plant Cytology and Embryology, Jagiellonian University in Kraków, 9 Gronostajowa St., 30-387, Kraków, Poland.
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